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Lecture 3

This document summarizes key topics to be covered in a lecture on chemical reaction engineering, including: [1] mole balances for continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR); [2] design equations for different reactor types; and [3] an example problem calculating reaction rates in a CSTR. General mole balance equations are presented for CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs. The example problem demonstrates using the CSTR design equation to calculate reaction rates based on inlet and outlet concentrations.

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Praveen BVS
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116 views8 pages

Lecture 3

This document summarizes key topics to be covered in a lecture on chemical reaction engineering, including: [1] mole balances for continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR); [2] design equations for different reactor types; and [3] an example problem calculating reaction rates in a CSTR. General mole balance equations are presented for CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs. The example problem demonstrates using the CSTR design equation to calculate reaction rates based on inlet and outlet concentrations.

Uploaded by

Praveen BVS
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHE 309: Chemical Reaction Engineering

Lecture-3

Module 1: Mole Balances, Conversion & Reactor Sizing


(Chapters 1 and 2, Fogler)
Topics to be covered in today’s lecture

• GMBE for a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor


(CSTR) [Fogler Section 1.4.1]
• GMBE for a Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) [Fogler Section 1.4.2]
• GMBE for a Packed Bed Reactor (PBR) [Fogler Section
1.4.3]

• Summary of Design Equations for Various Reactors


• Class Problem #1 (Reaction Rate in a CSTR)
General Mole Balance for CSTR
CA0
Reaction: A  Products

CA = CA, exit
: remain constant
: independent of
CA CA, exit time and position

Steady state

General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE) for a CSTR


Steady state operation: dNA/dt = 0, Perfect mixing: GA = (rA)·V

FAo  FA 0C Ao  C A
V  Note: GMBE is algebraic in form
 (rA )  (rA )
For liquid phase, υ0 = υ (volumetric flow rate)
Picture Source: http://www-micrbiol.sci.kun.nl/galleries/two.html
General Mole Balance for PFR

CA = (position)
CA0 CA,exit

CA varies along the axial position,


but remain constant with time.

Reaction: A  Products
V

A
Steady state operation: dNA/dt = 0, Dependence of CA on axial position: G  r dV
A

Two approaches: (1) use GMBE directly, (2) shell-volume analysis

Differential Form Integral Form


FA CA CA
dFA dFA dC A dC A
dV
 (rA ) V 
FAO
(rA )
 0 
C AO
(rA )
 0 
C AO
f (C A )
Incompressible fluid (const )
General Mole Balance for PBR

CA = (position)
CA0 CA,exit Key information: total
w catalyst weight (W)
Packed with catalyst
instead of reactor
CA varies along the axial position, volume (V)
but remain constant with time.

Reaction: A  Products
V

A
Steady state operation: dNA/dt = 0, Dependence of CA on axial position: G  r ' dW
A

Two approaches: (1) use GMBE directly, (2) shell-volume analysis

Differential Form Integral Form


FA CA CA
dFA dFA dC A dC A
dW
 (rA' ) W 
FAO
'
(rA )
 0  '  0 
C AO
(rA ) C AO
f (C A )
Incompressible fluid (const )
Summary - Design Equations of Ideal Reactors

Differential Algebraic Integral


Remarks
Equation Equation Equation
dN j Nj Conc. changes with time
 (rj )V dN j
Batch dt t  (rj )V
but is uniform within the
N jO reactor. Reaction rate
Unsteady state
varies with time.

Conc. inside reactor is


F jo  F j uniform. (rj) is constant.
CSTR V Exit conc = conc inside
 (rj ) reactor.
Steady state

Fj
dF j Concentration and hence
PFR dF j
 rj
V 
F jO
(rj )
reaction rates vary
spatially.
Steady state dV
Class Problem #1

• Calculating Reaction rate in a CSTR


1.0 L/min of liquid containing A and B (CAO=0.10 mol/L, CBO=0.01 mol/L)
flow into a mixed flow reactor of volume VR=1.0 L. The materials in the
reactor interact (react) in a complex manner for which the stoichiometery is
unknown. The outlet stream from the reactor contains A, B and C at
concentrations of CAf = 0.02 mol/L, CBf=0.03 mol/L and CCf=0.04 mol/L.

Find the rate of reactions of A, B and C at conditions of


the reactor.
Solution to Class Problem# 1

F jo  F j
V
 (rj )

FAo  FA C Ao  CA 0.10  0.02


 rA    = 0.08 mol/liter.min
V V / 1/1
CBo  CB 0.01  0.03 = - 0.02 mol/liter.min
 rB  
V /v 1/1

CCo  CC 0.00  0.04


 rC   = - 0.04 mol/liter.min
V /v 1/1

Thus A is disappearing while B and C are being formed

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