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Research: Independent Study Class, 2015

This document defines and discusses research. It explains that research is conducted to answer questions or resolve problems through rigorous scientific inquiry. There are various types of research including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The research process involves identifying a problem, reviewing existing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating results. Key components of research include formulating the problem statement, reviewing related work, developing hypotheses, determining subjects and instruments, using a research design and procedures, analyzing data, discussing conclusions.

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89 views16 pages

Research: Independent Study Class, 2015

This document defines and discusses research. It explains that research is conducted to answer questions or resolve problems through rigorous scientific inquiry. There are various types of research including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The research process involves identifying a problem, reviewing existing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating results. Key components of research include formulating the problem statement, reviewing related work, developing hypotheses, determining subjects and instruments, using a research design and procedures, analyzing data, discussing conclusions.

Uploaded by

Gift Montatip Saetan
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH

Independent Study Class, 2015

Prepared By Parussaya Kiatkheeree


WHAT IS RESEARCH?
 Research is what we do when we have a
question or a problem we want to resolve
 We may already think we know the
answer to our question already
 We may think the answer is obvious,
common sense even
 But until we have subjected our problem
to rigorous scientific scrutiny, our
'knowledge' remains little more than
guesswork or at best, intuition.
Cont’
 First
priority is to formulate your
question

 Then
figure out how you are going to
answer it
 How have others answered it?
 How does your proposal fit in with what
others have done?
 How will you know when you have answered
it?

 Then you can present your answer


AIMS OF RESEARCH

The general aims of research are:


 Observe and Describe
 Predict
 Determination of the Causes
 Explain
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
 Quantitative research
It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies
statistics or mathematics and uses numbers.
 Qualitative research

It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies


reasoning and uses words.
 Mixed-method research
STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH PROCESS
 Identifying research problems
 Searching the existing literature base

 Critical appraisal of the literature

 Developing the questions/ and or hypothesis

 Theoretical base

 Sampling strategies

 Data collection techniques

 Approaches to qualitative and quantitative


data analysis
 Interpretation of results
 Dissemination of research
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH

1) Introduction
- Statement of the problem
- Review of related literature
- Statement of the hypothesis
2) Method
- Subjects - Instruments
- Research design - Procedure(s)
3. Data Analysis
4. Discussion and Conclusion
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 1. For beginning researchers most difficult
 2. Identify a general problem area (brain
storm)
 3. Narrow general problem to specific sub
problem that is:
• Of interest • Manageable
• Information Available
• Reasonable time frame
REVIEW OF THE RELATED
LITERATURE
 Typically viewed as necessary evil.
 Systematic identification, location, and
analysis of documents containing related
information.
 What has been done provides rationale for
your research.
 Avoid trying to include everything. More is not
better.
 Synthesize findings.
HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis makes a prediction of the


expected outcome in a given situation.
METHOD
Research Subjects
- A human subject is a living individual
about whom a research investigator
(whether a professional or a student)
obtains data through intervention or
interaction with the individual or from
individually identifiable information.
INSTRUMENTS
 These are the fact finding strategies. They
are tools to collect data.
 Generally, research instruments include:

1. Questionnaire
2. Interview
3. Observation
4. Reading of Documents
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

1. Generating primary data

2. Analysing existing data


TYPES OF RESEARCH
 Action research
 Explanatory research
 Exploratory research
 Comparative research
 Ethnographic research
 Historical research
 Correlational research
 Descriptive research
REFERENCES
http://www.chssc.salford.ac.uk/healthSci/rem99/resmeth/planning.
htm
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/strucres.php
http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/LearningInnovation/
Documents/Learning%20Portal/Master%20Trainer%20(MT)/FP
DP/Academic%20Supervision/Components%20of%20a%20Rese
arch%20Proposal.pdf
https://explorable.com/what-is-research
http://www.utexas.edu/research/rsc/humansubjects/whatis.html
http://campus.educadium.com/newmediart/file.php/1/giilmadstore/
UgradResearch/ThesisWrit4all/files/notes/resInstr.pdf
file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/Research_and_Design_I.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/vaisalik/types-of-research
http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0601009.pdf

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