Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council

CONSERVATION PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

FOR ILOILO CITY HERITAGE STRUCTURES AND SITES
Program Review and Recommendation Paper

Isaiah S. Cabañero & Cecilio Coloma IV

[email protected], [email protected]

CD 131: COMMUNIT Y DEVELOPMENT PLA NNING A ND A DMINIST RA T ION

College of Social W ork and Community Development
University of the Philippines - Diliman

23 MA Y 2017
BACKGROUND OF THE PROGRAM

The Conservation Planning and Development for Iloilo City Heritage Structures and Sites
is a government program led by the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council
(ICCHCC) under the administration of Iloilo City Mayor Jed Patrick E. Mabilog. The
ICCHCC is responsible for the promulgation and implementation of the Implementing
Rules and Regulations for the Downtown Central Business District (CBD) Heritage Zone,
as directed by Executive Order No. 46, Series of 2009, signed by then-City Mayor Jerry P.
Treñas. This is in pursuant of Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054, as amended,
otherwise known as the “Local Heritage Conservation Ordinance of Iloilo City”, that was
passed by the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Iloilo in order “to conserve cultural
heritage and legacy buildings in the City of Iloilo” through the creation of the ICCHCC.

The ICCHCC was created by a group of citizens desiring to arrest the continuing decay of
heritage buildings and the decline of cultural appreciation amongst the youth (Iloilo City
Cultural Heritage Conservation Council, 2012), back in the years during the term of
former City Mayor Mansueto A. Malabor. Through a consultative public consultation
then, the mission and vision of the council was formed and instituted, with the aim to
make the city the “Heritage Capital of the Visayas”.

Tracing the long and rich history of Iloilo all the way back to the 13th century, according
to the Legend of Maragtas, Iloilo then, the southern part of the island of Panay, was home
to the indigenous Aeta kingdom of King Marikudo and Queen Maniwangtiwang before
the arrival of the Bornean datus who sailed the seas in their biniday sea -sailing boats,
escaping the tyrannical rule of then-Sultan Makatunaw in the island of Borneo. Upon
arrival, atop the Imbidayan Rock in present-day Barangay Sinogbuhan in the town of
San Joaquin, Iloilo, a barter between the said Bornean datus and the Aeta King Marikudo
took place to enable the Bornean datus to establish new settlements in the island, with
King Marikudo giving complete control of the lowlands of Panay to the Bornean datus in
exchange of a golden saduk, a golden manangyad, gold, and other sorts of gifts from the
Bornean datus. The Aeta king and his kingdom retired to the mountains of Madja -as in
the central west region of the island and resettled there, while the Bornean datus settled
in the lowlands, as agreed, then eventually expanded their settlements all throughout the
rest of the island. Datu Paiburong, one among the Bornean datus then, took charge of the
Sakup of Irong-irong, the area described as “a tongue of land that sticks out like a nose”
(Province of Iloilo, 2017) to the south of the Iloilo River.

Some hundreds of years later, in 1566, the Spanish colonizers, led by Miguel López de
Legazpi, came into the island, subjugating the native inhabitants that now populated the
area, and established a colonial outpost in the town of Oton. Subsequent Dutch, British,

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and Moro attacks ensued in the decades that followed, prompting the growing colonial
government in the island, in 1616, to build a fortress and barracks for its civil guards in
an area near the mouth of Iloilo River called “La Punta”, strengthened and solidified it
further to become a full-bodied fort and now present-day Fort San Pedro in the City
Proper District of Iloilo City, to defend the entire area from the said and future attacks.
This secured long-term peace and stability in Iloilo for decades to come, transforming
then the “subsistence farming economy to commercial textile production” (University of
the Philippines Visayas - Center for West Visayan Studies, 2015) by the middle of 18th
century. In 1855, the Port of Iloilo opened to foreign and international trade and
shipping that significantly led in transforming the economy of Iloilo again into becoming
an export economy, bringing in unprecedented progress and economic development in
Iloilo in the 19th century, structurally transforming the landscape of “proto -industrial
towns to network arteries of port trade” (University of the Philippines Visayas - Center
for West Visayan Studies, 2015). The commercial cultivation of sugarcane and the sugar
trade industry, in general, in Iloilo then boomed primarily in the said century, with
arrival and efforts of Nicholas Loney, the first British Vice-Consul in Iloilo, in 1856. “With
the expansion of the sugar export trade and the rising vitality of international shipping,
Iloilo became an economic enclave for foreign merchants and traders.This sub-urban
conglomeration led to the establishment of Board of Trade, consular offices and
merchant houses” (University of the Philippines Visayas - Center for West Visayan
Studies, 2015) in the main thoroughfare of Iloilo then named Calle Real, or present-day
J.M. Basa Street. This economic vitality ushered Iloilo into being endowed with the title,
“Queen City of the South”, nearing the end of 19th century. The status of Iloilo was raised
to a city on October 5, 1889, by then-Queen Regent of Spain Maria Cristina. “Iloilo's
phenomenal metamorphosis into a commercial center in the last decade of the 19th
century, made its port experience heavy traffic of people and goods. Linking the
waterfront with the heart of the city was Calle Progreso. It served as a brokerage center,
the site of the city's banks and commercial offices and some of the mos t expensive
residential commercial real estates” (University of the Philippines Visayas - Center for
West Visayan Studies, 2015). Additional infrastructures, schools and educational
institutions, foreign firms, offices, and consulates, and recreational fac ilities and parks
also followed to get built in the city. Back in those decades, the busiest and most bustling
section of the city was Calle Real. Then, the Philippine Revolutionary War of 1898 against
the Spanish Colonial Government happened.

Not long after the war against the Spaniards, the Philippine-American War ensued from
1899 until 1902. Iloilo was placed under the American Colonial Government, got its city
status reverted to a status of a town and had its Molo and Mandurriao Districts separated
from its jurisdiction. “However, Iloilo retained its prominence as the prime urban

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enclave outside Manila. Its commercial activity especially the expansion of sugar
industry and the prosperity that accompanied it continued unabated during the
American regime” (University of the Philippines Visayas - Center for West Visayan
Studies, 2015). This led the city to regain its city status on July 16, 1937, under the
Commonwealth Act 158. However, with the opening of a new port in the neighboring
island of Negros, where the main body of the sugar production industry and the vast
sugarcane farms that sustained the sugar export industry in the ports of Iloilo City are
located, port activity in the city was gravely affected, inciting numerous and rising labor
unrest in the area, worrying present and potential local and foreign investors, let alone
the declining demand of sugar in the world market. In 1942, during the Second World
War, the city was invaded by the Japanese Army of the Axis Powers, putting the economy
of Iloilo City to a standstill. “By the end of the war, Iloilo's economy, life and
infrastructure were damaged. However, the continuing conflict between the labor
unions in the port area, declining sugar economy and the deteriorating peace and order
situation in the countryside and the exodus of Ilonggos to other cities and islands that
offered better opportunities and businessmen moved to other cities such as Bacolod and
Cebu led to Iloilo's demise in economic importance in southern Philippines” (Iloilo City
The Premier City by 2015, 2012).

Plaza Gay, Panay Island.

(T.C. G.C. Howard, Manila) (FC-ca. 1928)

J.M. Basa street of Iloilo.

(T.C.G.C. Howard, Manila) (FC-ca. 1928)

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 Cine Palace, Panay Island.
(T.C. G.C. Howard, Manila) (FC-ca. 1928)

Iloilo Plaza, Iloilo City.

(University of Wisconsin, Memorial Library) (ca. 1907-16)

The guidelines of the Implementing Rules and Regulations for the Downtown Central
Business District (CBD) Heritage Zone, in pursuant of the provisions of Iloilo City
Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054, as amended, has declared the City in its policies to
pursue and ensure the rationale of sustainable and conservation of Iloilo City Downtown
Central Business District Zone:

(a) to safeguard the heritage of the City’s Central business District by preserving
one or more buildings, sites or other historic significant materials that reflect the
City’s history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture;

(b) to promote use of Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone for
education, tourism, pleasure, and social welfare of the residents and visitors of
Iloilo City;

(c) to strengthen local economy;

(d) to stabilize and improve property values in the Downtown Central Business
District Heritage Zone and its surrounding areas;

(e) to foster civic beauty;

(f) to promote public information; and

(g) to support the conservation of the national heritage and patrimony.

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And so, as aligned and enumerated in the Conservation Planning and Development for
Iloilo City Heritage Structures and Sites, the said program has the following goals:

(a) to adopt historic preservation principles as an integral component in city

planning and development process;

(b) to implement an active program to identify, interpret, and designate the city’s
heritage sites and cultural resources;

(c) to promote an understanding and appreciation of the city’s heritage sites and
cultural resources as an important heritage center of the country;

(d) to fully integrate cultural management as a major aspect of heritage

conservation planning and development activities;

(e) to ensure compatibility between new development and ex isting heritage sites
and buildings;

(f) to actively pursue financial assistance to promote the restoration,

rehabilitation, and adaptive reuse of heritage buildings and cultural resources;
and

(g) to encourage both public and private participation of the city’s heritage
preservation program.

To be able to fully encompass the extent and reach of these goals, the program has
identified a number of different areas to approach towards conserving, preserving, or
restoring identified heritage structures and sites.

AREAS OF APPROACH OF THE PROGRAM

Central Business District (CBD) Heritage Zone

Historic Plazas and Neighborhoods

Fort San Pedro Development Master Plan

Institutions
SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, OFFICE BUILDINGS, et cetera

Cluster Heritage Buildings and Houses

Landmarks

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The Local Heritage Conservation Ordinance of Iloilo City, according to the Sangguniang
Panlungsod of the City of Iloilo, was passed “in order to conserve cultural heritage and
legacy buildings in the City of Iloilo”. The promulgation of the rules and regulations of
the said ordinance, in order to carry into effect its purposes, shall be the responsibility of
the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council (ICCHCC), formally instituted and
implemented its mandate therein through Executive Order No. 46, Series of 2009, by the
Office of the City Mayor of Iloilo City. The said executive order was signed by then -city
mayor Jerry P. Treñas on October 21, 2009.

Its rules shall apply to the development and management of Iloilo City Downtown
Central Business District Heritage Zone and its impact to the environment, heritage
structures and sites, archaeological, land use, and infrastructure. These rules shall be in
consonance with national laws, regulations, and orders, such as the Local Government
Code, PD 1096 – National Building Code, PD 1586 – The Environmental Impact Statement
System, PD 374 – Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act, RA 7356 – National
Commission for Culture and the Arts, RA 841 – Monuments, Historical Markers and
Plaques, RA 4846 – Cultural Properties and Protection Act, RA 9275 – Clean Water Act, RA
9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, and the Fire Code of the Philippines; as
well as local policies and ordinances, such as the Resolution Ordinance No. 2001-072 –
Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance of Iloilo City, Resolution Ordinance No. 2006-619 –
Iloilo River Development Master Plan, and the Local Environmental Code.

The Conservation Planning and Development for Iloilo City Heritage Structures and Sites
is still an ongoing program at present and is led by the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage
Conservation Council (ICCHCC) under the administration of Iloilo City Mayor Jed Patrick
E. Mabilog. The ICCHCC is responsible for the promulgation and implementation of the
Implementing Rules and Regulations for the Downtown Central Business District (CBD)
Heritage Zone, as ordered to be directed by Executive Order No. 46, Series of 2009. This is
in pursuant of Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054, as amended, otherwise
known as the “Local Heritage Conservation Ordinance of Iloilo City”, that was passed by
the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Iloilo in order “to conserve cultural heritage
and legacy buildings in the City of Iloilo” through the creation of the ICCHCC.

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RELATED LITERATURE ON THE PROGRAM: A REVIEW

Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054

An Ordinance Declaring Certain Building Structures or Sites in Iloilo City as Local Heritage
or Legacy Buildings, Structures or Sites Prescribing its Use and Conservation, and Creating
the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council, and for Other Purposes

According to the provisions of Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054, otherwise
known as the “Local Cultural Heritage Conservation Ordinance of Iloilo City”, there came
a need for the passing of the said regulation ordinance for the following:

W hereas, the old buildings, structures or sites in Iloilo City always speak of the culture and
history not only of the Ilonggos, but of the Filipinos in general;

W hereas, while these buildings are integral parts of our national history in general and
our regional history in particular, it also provides evidence of the craftsmanship and
industry of the Ilonggo artisans and workers;

W hereas, such cultural heritage or legacy buildings are now presently in danger of
disappearing because of new and modern constructions and infrastructures in its stead;

W hereas, if not conserved, these historical or heritage buildings will only be literally a
“thing of the past” in the City of Iloilo;

W hereas, under the Local Government Code, the Sangguniang Panlungsod can prescribe
reasonable limits and restraint upon the use of properties within the jurisdiction of the
City, there is therefore an urgent need for the passage of this ordinance.

Furthermore, “heritage historical, landmark or legacy building” is defined and shall have
similar meaning to “buildings in existence for 50 years or more”.

As well, a body to be known as the “Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council
(ICCHCC)” is thereby created; shall become responsible for identifying and doing an
inventory of these cultural heritage or legacy buildings, as defined, for keeping a register
of such and for such purposes, and for promulgating rules and regulations to carry into
effect the abovementioned purposes; and shall be composed by the following, as
appointed by the City Mayor:

a. Chairperson, who shall be an official of the City of Iloilo or a non-official, serving on a

volunteer basis;
b. Vice Chairperson, who shall be a representative for the associations of architects in the
City of Iloilo; and
c. Nine (9) Members, who shall preferably come from the arts and culture community.

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Republic Act No. 10066
An Act Providing for the Protection and Conservation of the National Cultural Heritage,
Strengthening the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and its Affiliated
Cultural Agencies, and for Other Purposes

According to the last paragraph in Article I – Policies and Principles, Section II –

Declaration of Principles and Policies, of Republic Act No. 10066, otherwise known as the
“National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009”, it is now one of the duties of the State to
“endeavor to create a balanced atmosphere where the historic past coexists in harmony
with modern society”, “approach the problem of conservation in an integrated and
holistic manner, cutting across all relevant disciplines and technologies”, and “further
administer the heritage resources in a spirit of stewardship for the inspiration and
benefit of the present and future generations”.

Furthermore, in Article III – Cultural Property, Section V – Cultural Property Considered

Important Cultural Property, of the same Act, works shall be considered important
cultural property, for purposes of protecting such works against exportation,
modification, or demolition, unless declared otherwise by the pertinent cultural agency;
and for which that applies for buildings and structures, that which includes works of
nation heroes, marked structure, and structures dating at least fifty (50) years old, be
considered important cultural property, unless declared otherwise by the National
Historical Institute.

Also, under the same said Article, in Section VII – Privileges for Cultural Property, “all
cultural properties declared as national cultural treasures and national historical
landmarks, sites or monuments shall be entitled to the following privileges :

a. Priority government funding for protection, conservation and restoration;

b. Incentive for private support of conservation and restoration through the Commission’s
Conservation Incentive Program for national cultural treasures;
c. An official heritage marker places by the cultural agency concerned indicating that the
immovable cultural property has been identified as national cultural treasures and/or
national historical landmarks, sites or monuments; and
d. In times of armed conflict, natural disasters and other ex ceptional events that endanger
the cultural heritage of the country, all national cultural treasures or national historical
landmarks, sites or monuments shall be given priority protection by the government.”

In Article III – Heritage Zones, Section XII – Designation of Heritage Zones, of the same
Act, the act of designating heritage zones in the country shall be by the National
Historical Institute and the National Museum, in consultation with the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts and the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, in

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order to “protect the historical and cultural integrity of a geographical area”. Moreover,
in Section XIII – Maintenance of Heritage Zones, under the same Article, of the same Act,
the maintenance of designated heritage zones shall fall under the responsibility of the
local government unit concerned, in accordance with the following guidelines:

a. Implementation of adaptive reuse of cultural property;

b. Appearance of streets, parks, monuments, buildings, and natural bodies of water, canals,
paths and barangays within a locality shall be maintained as close to their appearance at
the time the area was of most importance to Philippine history as determined by the
National Historical Institute; and
c. Local government units shall document and sustain all sociocultural practices such as, but
not limited to, traditional celebrations, historical battles, recreation of customs, and the
reenactment of battles and other local customs that are unique to a locality.

In Article VII – Powers of the Commission / Cultural Agencies, Section XXVI – Power to
Issue Compulsory Repair Order, of the same Act, the National Commission for Culture
and the Arts, or the appropriate cultural agency, in a situation where a “privately-owned
heritage site cannot be maintained by the owner or has fallen into disrepair through
neglect to such an extent that it will lose its potential for conservation”, may serve on the
owner, or the occupant, of such heritage site, “an order to repair or maintain such site”.
If, however, such order is failed to be complied with by the owner, or the occupant, of
the heritage site being addressed within thirty (30) to forty-five (45) days, repairs may be
undertaken by the appropriate cultural agency, to be funded by the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts, and by the account of the owner of the heritage site
in case.

In Article VIII – Role of Cultural Agencies, Section XXXIII – Incorporation of Cultural

Property Programs in Local Government Units’ Budgets, of the same Act, the local
government units are “encouraged to incorporate programs and budgets for the
conservation and preservation of cultural property in the environmental, educational
and cultural activities.” Following the said Section in the said Act, Section XXXIV –
Training Programs, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, in coordination
with the appropriate cultural agencies, shall “provide general training programs on
conservation to the local government units which have established cultural heritage
programs and projects in their localities.”

In Article X – Cultural Education, Section XXXIX, of the same Act, the Department of
Education, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, and the
Commission on Higher Education, in consultation with the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts, shall “set forth in its teaching programs nationwide the following
cultural heritage education programs with emphasis at the provincial, city and

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municipal levels:

a. Protection, conservation and preservation of cultural heritage properties;

b. Instructional materials in print, film and broadcast media on the cultural and historical
significance of cultural properties; and
c. Visitation, public accessibility and information dissemination on designated local cultural
properties.”

In Article XIV – Endowment, Section L – National Endowment for Culture and the Arts, of
the same Act, “The sum of Five hundred million pesos (P500,000,000.00) shall be
contributed by the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) and/or
General Appropriations at the minimum rate of One hundred million pesos
(P100,000,000.00) per year for five (5) years towards the establishment of a National
Endowment for Culture and the Arts”.

Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 2013-329

An Ordinance Enacting the Tourism Code of Iloilo City
Article V – Criteria in the Declaration of Heritage Sites and Buildings

Included in the sections of Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 2013-329, otherwise
known as the “Tourism Code of Iloilo City”, particularly under Section V, Criteria in the
Declaration of Heritage Sites and Buildings, the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation
Council may declare or designate a property as having cultural heritage value, based on
but not limited to, the following circumstances:

a. The property is deemed to be of cultural heritage value if it possesses cultural, historical,

architectural, archaeological, aesthetic, scientific or educational worth.
b. The property or structure is within the Downtown Central Business District of Iloilo City.
c. The property or structure is not with the Downtown Central Business District of Iloilo City
and has been in ex istence for 50 years or more.

Implementing Rules and Regulations for the Downtown Central Business District
(CBD) Heritage Zone

The City of Iloilo shall “pursue and ensure the rationale of sustainable and conservation
of Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Zone. As such, it shall be the policy of
the City to:

a. safeguard the heritage of the City’s Central Business District by preserving one or more
buildings, sites or other historical significant materials that reflect the City’s history,

10
 architecture, archaeology, engineering or culture
b. promote use of Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone for education, tourism,
pleasure, and social welfare of the residents and visitors of Iloilo City
c. strengthen local economy
d. stabilize and improve property values in the Downtown Central Business District Heritage
Zone and its surrounding areas
e. foster civic beauty
f. promote public information; and
g. support the conservation of the national heritage and patrimony.”

With regards to the exact coverage of such rules and regulations, they shall all “apply to
the development and management of Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District
Heritage Zone and impact to the environment, heritage structures and sites,
archaeologic, land use, and infrastructure”, in consonance with the following laws and
policies:

a. National Laws, Regulations, Orders

i. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
ii. Republic Act No. 7160 – An Act Providing for a Local Government Code of 1991
iii. Presidential Decree No. 1096, s. 1977 – Adopting a National Building Code of the
Philippines (NBCP) thereby Revising Republic Act No. 6541 (otherwise known as the
“National Building Code of the Philippines”)
iv. Presidential Decree No. 1586 – Establishing an Environmental Impact Statement
System including Other Environmental Management Related Measures and for
Other Purposes
v. Presidential Decree No. 374, s. 1974 – Amending Certain Sections of Republic Act
No. 4846, otherwise known as the “Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection
Act”
vi. Republic Act No. 7356 – An Act Creating the National Commission for Culture and
the Arts, Establishing National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts, and for
Other Purposes (otherwise known as the “Law Creating the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts”)
vii. Republic Act No. 841 – An Act to Designate the District or City Engineers to Take
Charge of Reconstructing, Maintaining, Protecting and Cleaning Monuments and
Historical Markers situated within their Respective Jurisdictions and Regulating
the Construction or Manufacture of such Structure or Plaque to Perpetuate the
Memory of a Person or Event
viii. Republic Act No. 4846 – An Act to Repeal Act Numbered Thirty Eight Hundred
Seventy Four, and to Provide for the Protection and Preservation of Philippine
Cultural Properties (otherwise known as the “Cultural Properties Preservation and
Protection Act”)
ix. Republic Act No. 9275 – An Act Providing for a Comprehensive W ater Quality

11
 Management and for Other Purposes (otherwise known as the “Philippine Clean
Water Act of 2004”)
x. Republic Act No. 9003 – An Act Providing for an Ecological Solid W aste
Management Program, Creating the Necessary Institutional Mechanisms and
Incentives, Declaring Certain Acts Prohibited and Providing Penalties,
Appropriating Funds therefor, and for Other Purposes (otherwise known as the
“Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”)
xi. Republic Act No. 9514 – An Act Establishing a Comprehensive Fire Code of the
Philippines, Repealing Presidential Decree No. 1185, and for Other Purposes
(otherwise known as the “Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008”)

b. Local Policies and Ordinance

i. Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054 – An Ordinance Declaring Certain
Building Structures or Sites in Iloilo City as Local Heritage or Legacy Buildings,
Structures or Sites Prescribing its Use and Conservation, Creating the Iloilo City
Cultural Heritage Conservation Council, and for Other Purposes
ii. Iloilo City Resolution Ordinance No. 2001-072 (otherwise known as the
“Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance of the City of Iloilo”)
iii. Iloilo City Resolution Ordinance No. 2006-619 (otherwise known as the “Iloilo River
Development Master Plan”)
iv. Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 2004-149 (otherwise known as the “Iloilo City
Environment Code of 2001”)

c. National and Local Incentives

Terms pertinent and related to the understanding and implementation of conservation

programs in the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone are
defined as follows:

Adaptation – modifying a place to suit the ex isting or proposed use.

Alter – means to change in any manner, and includes but is not limited to reconstruction,
redevelopment, improvements, additions, renovation, rehabilitation and demolition of
cultural heritage sites.

Arcade – an arched covered passageway or avenue (as between shops)

Artistic / architectural value – bearing strong foreign or local influences of a certain

periodic style.

Conservation – means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain t he heritage
value; includes measures undertaken to protect, preserve, conserve and promote cultural
heritage sites and their value.

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 CP Clearance – refers to Conservation Plan Clearance as authorized by the ICCHCC. This
pertains to a development permit approved by the ICCHCC as having met and passed the
required architectural and design standards. It includes terms and conditions that the
ICCHCC may impose and copies of drawing/s of the final structure.

Culture – that which has undergone human intervention or development.

Cultural – pertaining to things with human intervention or development.

Cultural Heritage – refers to any site with historic value.

Cultural Heritage Value – means the historical, cultural, architectural, archaeological,

aesthetic, scientific or educational worth of a site or structure.

Cultural Significance – the aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past,
present or future generations.

Designation – refers to the recognition and protection accorded to cultural herit age sites
under section.

Fabric – refers to all the physical materials of the place including components, fix tures,
contents, and objects.

Façade – the ex terior face of a building which is the architectural front, sometimes this is
distinguished from or other faces by elaboration of architectural or ornamental details.

Heritage Object – includes, whether designated or not, physical/tangible objects such as

statues, monuments, etc.

Heritage Site – includes, whether designated or not, land, property, public and private
spaces in Iloilo City, which have cultural value to the Philippines, the province of Iloilo,
Iloilo City, barangay or community within Iloilo City may include houses and buildings,
bridges, waterways, streets, plazas, marketplace/vendors’ areas/squares, archaeological
sites, gardens, cemeteries, etc.

Nature – that which has not undergone human intervention or development.

Natural – pertaining to things without human intervention or development.

Parapet Wall – that part of a wall entirely above the root.

Preservation – refers to maintenance of the fabric of a place, its ex isting state and
retarding deterioration of a structure in order to ex tend its lifespan.

Restoration – is the methodological and controlled repair and strengthening of a structure

to have it as close to its original state and to prevent further decay and deterioration.

Renovation – is the adaptation and possible beautification of a structure to make it useful

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 and serve modern needs.

Remodeling – is a drastic renovation without regard to its original state, authentic whole or
part.

Reconstruction – is the rebuilding of a faithful copy of a structure based on original period

plans and should be under strict supervision.

The Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone is composed of the
following Major Streets, Minor Arterial Streets, and Plazas and Monuments:

a. Major Streets
i. J.M. Basa Street
ii. Iznart Street

b. Minor Arterial Streets

i. Aldeguer Street
ii. Arsenal Street
iii. Guanco Street
iv. Rizal Street
v. Arroyo Street
vi. Mapa Street

c. Plazas and Monuments

i. Plaza Libertad
ii. Freedom Grandstand Plaza
iii. Plazoleta Gay
iv. Maria Clara Monument

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 Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone Conservation Concept Plan

The General Prohibitions and Standards of the said rules and regulations enumerated a
number of prohibitions and standards to be implemented within the Iloilo City
Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone, and are the following:

a. Demolition, repair, renovation, restoration, construction of any building or structure,

without prior consultation with, clearance from, and approval of the Iloilo City Cultural
Heritage Conservation Council, shall not be allowed within the said area.
b. Any building, or the use of it, which is not compatible with the essential character of the
Historic Cultural and Architectural fabric of the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business
District Heritage Zone shall not be allowed within the said area.
c. Overhead structure, like skywalks, pedestrian walkways, billboards, towers, and antenna,
shall not be allowed within the said area.

Envelop Control shall be implemented within the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business
District Heritage Zone, as such that “redevelopment of vacant sites not declared as park
and open space or site with architecturally insignificant structure or building will be
allowed”, subject to the Envelop Control guidelines of the said rules and regulations.
Guidelines for Infilling and New Architecture are also included, stating that these new
constructions or alterations to existing structures in the area “must be compatible with

15
the distinct character of the Downtown CBD Heritage Zone and should maintain
coherence with the neighboring heritage building’s size, scale, m aterial and site plan”;
with these said guidelines further detailed in the following: Scale, Building Height and
Massing, Façade Design, The Upper Façade, The Storefront, and Major and New
Development. Particularly under the “Major and New Development”, th e rules and
regulations of the guidelines state that “large scale, low-rise, high-rise, or a combination
of building heights (e.g., new downtown mall, or mixed use development) must be
designed to maintain pedestrian connection and view corridors along tra ditional rights-
of-way. Fortress architecture with its blank walls facing the perimeter streets and
internal activities should be avoided as it develops a negative impact to the urban
fabric”.

Further on, under the section “Streetscape” of the rules and regulations guidelines, it
states that “well designed streetscapes have the potential to define a clear positive
identity for particular areas. The introduction of streetlights, benches, garbage
receptacles, plant boxes and other streetscape elements can enh ance the pedestrian
experience and add to the historic character of the conservation area”, introducing and
promoting public art in common public fixtures to “help humanize the environment”,
creating “attractive safe environment for all users of the street with adequate
ornamental lighting, traffic signal and other design improvements”, enhancing
pedestrian environment through “sidewalk improvements, street furnishing, and
crossing improvements at major crossing location”, and others.

Under the section “Historic Parks and Plazas” of the same said guidelines, historic parks
and plazas are said to “traditionally provide a focus for the city, giving sense of
connection to past generations and identity to the residents. They are important to their
lifestyle, compatible with continuing sense of purpose, how to use and respect these
community amenities and places for events and activities”.

In Chapter III – Institutional Mechanism, of the same rules and regulations guidelines, it
is declared that the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council (ICCHCC) shall “be
responsible for the implementation of the rules and regulations unless otherwise
provided herein as such; it shall have the following functions, power and responsibilities:

1. To identify, inventory, document, and recognize significant historic buildings and

properties in the Downtown Central Business District and other areas of Iloilo City.
2. To promulgate plans, policies including its rules and regulations related to the
conservation of the Downtown Central Business District and other areas of Iloilo City.
3. To ex ercise the power to review, approve/disapprove. All plans and programs are to issue
clearances prior to the construction of projects in the Downtown CBD and other areas of
Iloilo City.

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 4. To provide for review locally or nationally funded sponsored projects that may affect the
implementation of Historic Structures in the Downtown CBD and other areas of Iloilo City.
5. To assist the City Government in the formulation of policies and laws that will encourage
income producing historic properties that meet preservation standards through tax
incentives or disincentives.”

The composition of the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council is as follows:

❖ Chairperson, who shall be an official or non-official of the City of Iloilo;

❖ Vice Chairperson, who shall be the representative of the Association of Architects in the
City of Iloilo;
❖ Members:
➢ Iloilo City Visitors’ Bureau (ILEA) and the Iloilo Hotel, Restaurant and Resort
Association (IHRRA);
➢ Iloilo City Federation of Councilors Association – Tourism;
➢ Regional Director of the Department of Tourism – Region VI;
➢ Iloilo City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO);
➢ Iloilo Chamber of Real Estate and Builders Association (CREBA);
➢ Iloilo City Engineer’s Office;
➢ United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) – Iloilo Chapter;
➢ United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) – Marikudo Chapter;
➢ United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) – Hamili Chapter;
➢ Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) – Iloilo Section;
➢ Iloilo City Planning and Development Office (CPDO);
➢ Iloilo City Tourism Office;
➢ Private Sector, composing four (4) representatives.

The Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council shall also be composed by the
following Technical Work Groups (TWGs):

a. Technical W orking Group for Planning;

b. Technical W orking Group for W ays and Means;
c. Technical W orking Group for Policy Formation;
d. Technical W orking Group for Information and Education Campaigns and Advocacies;
e. Technical W orking Group for Regulation and Enforcement;
f. Other committees, as deemed necessary;
g. Ex ecutive Director, who will be the City Planning and Development Coordinator, as
designated by the City Council or the Local Ex ecutive Office, and will help coordinate the
routine activities of the ICCHCC and its TW Gs, and shall be staffed by a Secretariat
composed of at least two (2) city government personnel.

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Furthermore, the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council shall be in
consultation with participatory agencies and institutions to encourage and cooperate
with the academe, non-governmental organizations, private institutions, and individuals
in the conduct promotion of researches, case studies, and other related studies to the
heritage conservation of the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Heritage
Zone. These participatory agencies and institutions include:

a. Iloilo City Government

b. University of San Agustin
c. University of the Philippines in the Visayas
d. W est Visayas State University
e. Central Philippine University
f. W est Visayas College of Science and Technology
g. University of Iloilo – PHINMA
h. Department of Tourism
i. Department of Education
j. National Commission for Culture and the Arts
k. National Heritage Institute
l. United Architects of the Philippines
m. Philippine Institute of Architects
n. Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
o. Other private institutions

The Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council shall as well establish and
maintain a register of cultural heritage sites in Iloilo City, with proper documentation
and description. This register shall be known as the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Register.
As such, the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council may designate “any land,
property, plaza, marketplace, streetscape, building and other structure, as an Iloilo City
cultural heritage zone”, under, but not limited to, the following circumstances:

a. The property is deemed to be of cultural heritage value if it possesses cultural, historical,

architectural, archaeological, aesthetic, scientific or educational worth.
b. The property/structure is within the Downtown Central Business District of Iloilo City.
c. The property/structure is not within the Downtown Central Business District of Iloilo City
and has been in ex istence for 50 years or more.

Properties or districts accorded such designation by the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage
Conservation Council is now with the notice of the public of its heritage value and a
certain measure of protection from unnecessary demolition or incoherent alteration,
serving as “a guide to changes in the property so that its heritage attributes can be
maintained”. The said designation (1) recognizes and reinforces the cultural value and

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the community appreciation of the public of the heritage property, (2) provides
safeguards against inappropriate changes to the heritage property that defeats the
reason for its designation, (3) prohibits demolition unless properly justifies and
permitted, and (4) enables access to incentives as m ay be provided for. However, the said
designation does not (1) restrict the use of the property (except for incompatible uses
inconsistent with its heritage value), (2) impose onerous obligations or undue expenses
to maintain the property, (3) render the property ineligible for insurance coverage, (4)
restrict the sale or hypothecation of the property, and (5) give the public access to private
property without the consent of the owner.

Supporting Local Initiatives in Preserving Heritage Buildings in Iloilo City

(Philippines) through Risk Assessment
Section III - Survey of Heritage Buildings in Iloilo City
Kirk Kennedy U. Yu, Andres Winston C. Oreta, Rhodella A. Ibabao, and Noel Hechanova

In Subsection 3.1 Brief characteristics of heritage buildings, it is said that majority of the
buildings and structures found within the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District
Heritage Zone “were built during the American period (1920-32) and were mostly made
of concrete” (Yu, Oreta, Ibabao, & Hechanova, 2013). Within the said area, the
architecture of the buildings follows at least one or more of the following architectural
styles: beaux-arts, art deco, art modern, post-art modern, or neo-classical (Yu, Oreta,
Ibabao, & Hechanova, 2013).

As of the 2006, there is a total of 26 heritage buildings or structures already identified

and catalogued by the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council. Among the
identified heritage buildings or structures, the oldest is the Javellana Building (CBD 01-
010) built in 1922, rounding up to almost 95 years old.

The said heritage buildings and structures, as well as other recent buildings and
structures constructed in the area after the Second World War, are “mostly used for
commercial purposes, while still maintaining their heritage facet” (Yu, Oreta, Ibabao, &
Hechanova, 2013).

Along with the conservation, preservation, or restoration projects that are being initiated
in the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Heritage Zone is the raising of funds
for the provision of new, durable, permanent, and visually complementing kiosk units to
small-time vendors affected, whether directly or indirectly, by the projects within the
area (Yu, Oreta, Ibabao, & Hechanova, 2013).

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“The city government has initiated a number of projects for the preservation and
conservation program of heritage structures in Iloilo City. Infrastructure projects include
the rehabilitation of the downtown CBD through improvement of sidewalk, installation
of heritage lamps at the CBD; improvements of and rehabilitation of the plazas such as
restoring Molo Plaza and installing concrete pavers at Plaza Libertad with funds coming
from the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) and Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise
Zone Authority (TIEZA)” (Yu, Oreta, Ibabao, & Hechanova, 2013).

“The city government has also supported a number of Information, Education and
Communication campaigns and advocacies. These include: survey and cataloguing,
seminars on local oral history and continuous cultural mapping, celebration of heritage
month and participation through exhibits at the first Iloilo River International Summit.
As a legal campaign, the city officials have proposed a resolution declaring Iloilo City as a
‘Heritage City” for having complied the minimum requirements of Repu blic Act 10066
(Phil. National Cultural Heritage Law). The city government has also passed a bill
declaring certain sites to be declared as Heritage and Tourist spots. These sites are as
follows: Jaro Cathedral, Molo Church, CBD, Fort San Pedro, the Jaro P laza complex and
the Plaza Libertad Complex” (Yu, Oreta, Ibabao, & Hechanova, 2013).

Liveable Cities Design Challenge: The Iloilo City Experience

Jed Patrick E. Mabilog, DM
Mayor, Iloilo City, Philippines

In the presentation submitted by Iloilo City Mayor Jed Patrick E. Mabilog to the Liveable
Cities Design Challenge of the League of Cities of the Philippines on July 22, 2016, he
stated the collective vision of the City of Iloilo towards sustainability as this: “Iloilo City
aims to create a more liveable and more safer environment. Ours is a city that provides
the Ilonggos a healthy, sociable and more green spaces” (Mabilog, 2016). His, as well the
city’s, design strategies include the following: Community & Economy, Ecology &
Environment, Resiliency, Heritage Integration, and Equal Access to All (Better Life
Quality). The presentation also identified 4 project areas: (1) Urban Design, (2) City
Government Center, (3) Fort San Pedro, and (4) Rivercraft Pavilion.

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Particularly, under the Urban Design Project, it aims to develop “efficient pedestrian
walkways which will promote and encourage the public to walk and aims to enhance
pedestrian circulation within and around the city nodes” (Mabilog, 2016). Areas in the
city targeted and involved in this said project are the Iloilo City Business Triangle, the
district plazas, and the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District (or the Old Central
Business District area).

Map representation of the Urban Design Project under the Liveable Cities Design Challenge: The Iloilo City Experience
(Mabilog, 2016)

According to Mabilog (2016), his vision of a liveable and sustainable Iloilo City is “the
connectivity of all districts through a network of green spaces and transport corridors
that are safe and convenience for every man, woman and child and resilient to disasters
and climate change. This should ensure accessibility to jobs, livelihood, recreation,
entertainment, education, worship, wellness and government services.”

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PLANNING ELEMENTS MATRIX OF THE PROGRAM

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23
 Assumed Conceptual Framework of the Program

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 Assumed Operational Framework of the Program

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROGRAM

The following is the assumed Logical Framework onto which the program is seen to be
guided by in its operation and execution. It presents information about its activities,
outputs, outcomes, and objectives and goals, systematically and logically, synthetically
describing what the program wants to achieve and how it sees to achieve it.

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26
PROBLEM-SOLUTION TREE ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAM

The following illustration is the assumed Problem Tree Analysis of the program.

With the recognized decline and stagnation of Iloilo City’s local economy, intensified and
prolonged due to the periods of emigration of people to other Philippine cities for work
and better opportunities, the continued decline of trade and commercial activities in the
Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District becomes reflected in the continued decay

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and neglect of heritage buildings and structures in the area that once bustled and housed
the lively trade, commercial, and economic prosperity of the city.

On the other hand, the following is the assumed Solution Tree Analysis, seeking to
effectively address the core problem identified by the program. The move to conserve,
preserve, or restore the heritage buildings and structures in the Iloilo City Downtown
Central Business District is seen to improve the potential of the area for new capital
investments, to increase property values within it, and to encourage the regrowth of
local cultural heritage appreciation from the youth and the present generation.

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29
SUMMARY ANALYSIS, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

The Conservation Planning and Development for Iloilo City Heritage Structures and Sites
Program in Iloilo City, as spearheaded by the City Government of Iloilo through the Iloilo
City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council, aimed to enact additional measures to
further strengthen the goal of the city in safeguarding the cultural heritage of Iloilo City,
as well as to assist, encourage, and provide incentives to private owners for
conservation, preservation, restoration, redevelopment, and use of outstanding historic
buildings, structures, districts, objects, sites, parks, and plazas. It also aimed to foster
civic and neighborhood pride in the beauty and accomplishments of the past, reinstilling
a good sense of identity to Ilonggos and the rest of the Filipino population. The city also
aims to make itself the “Cultural Heritage Capital of the Visayas”.

It is foreseen that the move for heritage conservation, preservation, and restoration of
cultural heritage in Iloilo City would lead to the revitalization of local economic activity
and growth, primarily through local heritage tourism and infrastructural and
commercial investments in the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District Heritage
Zone. This target condition would foster increased economic, social, and cultural
opportunities and development for the people of Iloilo City.

Summary Analysis of the Program

The projects laid down by the program are seen to be logical, systematic, and well -
strategized, eliciting the support and backing of the local government unit, both its
executive and legislative branches; the concerned and allied national government
cultural agencies, like the National Historical Commission of the Philippines, the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts, the National Historical Institute, and alike; the local
professional associations, like the United Architects of the Phil ippines, Philippine
Institute of Architects, and the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers; and the academe,
composed of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, University of San Agustin,
Central Philippine University, and others.

However, the program is believed to be better improved if, as well, the active
participation and influence of the local community of people residing or doing business
in the area covered by the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District was elicited
and significantly incorporated in the conceptualization, organization, planning, and
management of the program. The easily observed, and presumably, top-down, area-
based approach employed by the initiators of the said program “warded off” the
potentially significant contributions that could have opportuned the people, such as
small-time vendor associations for example, to actively participate in the coming up of

30
the program, setting the tone, for instance, in the determination of the extent of the area
of coverage of the Iloilo City Downtown Central Business District to be declared as
“heritage zone”, so as to maximize the corresponding protection and government focus,
both local and national, consequent of the declaration, towards the development of the
declared area and its environs; or in the form of government assistance, whether
financially, economically, or socially, and the priority the program extends to them as
one of its major stakeholders, going beyond than just awarding new and permanent
kiosks to vendors doing meager business by the streets; or in the strength of government
orders over the heritage property owners to conserve, preserve, or restore their said
properties for the benefit of the local economy’s growth and resurgence and, more
especially, for the increased economic, business, and commercial opportunities for the
people in and coming into the area; of which they are as well directly concerned,
affected, and a primary actor and stakeholder of.

The Problem-Solution Tree Analysis assumed to have been employed by the program,
focusing on “Continued Decay and Neglect of Heritage Buildings” as the c ore problem,
aiming correspondingly to achieve the plain objective goal of “Conservation,
Preservation, Restoration of Heritage Buildings”, may be better improved, incorporating
a more people-centered approach and perspective, as being more aligned to the
collective vision declared by Iloilo City Mayor Mabilog for the city that is “liveable and
sustainable” for “every man, woman, and child” (Mabilog, 2016), by refocusing the core
problem aimed to be addressed by the program instead to “Low Socio-Economic
Conditions of the People in the Area”, as deeply evidenced and supported by a thorough
and further analysis of the socio-economic and cultural context, and socio-economi
conditions of the people, of the area. As such, it is proposed that the program be re-
anchored onto the Problem-Solution Tree Analysis presented below:

Proposed Problem Tree Analysis of the Program

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 Proposed Solution Tree Analysis of the Program

Conclusion & Recommendation to the Program

The Conservation Planning and Development for Iloilo City Heritage Structures and Sites
Program in Iloilo City is able to start the revitalization of the local economy of the city,
bringing in increased growth in economic, business, and commercial activities in the
area; as well as able to start the movement towards cultural heritage conservation in the
city, fostering back the sense of civic pride in the people and their appreciation of their
local cultural heritage.

With some minor modifications in the conceptual framework the program currently
works around on, taking into valuable consideration the proposed Problem-Solution Tree
Analysis mentioned above, putting more focus and bigger importance on the
participation of the people in achieving genuine and active involvement in the
conservation program of the city, the said program could more effectively achieve its
projected goals of uplifting the lives and socio-economic conditions of the people, as well
as of bringing back the deep appreciation of Iloilo’s cultural heritage among the youth
and present generation, of Iloilo City.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

City Government of Iloilo. (2013). 2013-2019 Iloilo City Comprehensive Development Plan
(CDP). Retrieved May 2017, from Iloilo City Government Official Website:
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City Government of Iloilo. (2013). SOCIOECONOMICPROFILE2013.pdf. Retrieved May

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www.iloilocity.gov.ph/images2013/SOCIOECONOMICPROFILE2013.pdf

Congress of the Philippines. (2009, July 27). Republic Act No. 10066. An Act Providing for
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Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council. (n.d.). Implementing Rules and
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Office of the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Iloilo. (2010, August 18). Iloilo City
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Office of the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Iloilo. (2010, September 8). Iloilo City
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