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Basic Computer Fundamentals

A computer is a programmable machine that can execute a set of instructions. It has four main functions: input, processing, output, and storage. A computer system includes the computer hardware, peripheral devices, and software. A computer accepts data as input, processes it, produces output, and stores results. It operates at high speeds and can reliably store and communicate vast amounts of data.

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120 views13 pages

Basic Computer Fundamentals

A computer is a programmable machine that can execute a set of instructions. It has four main functions: input, processing, output, and storage. A computer system includes the computer hardware, peripheral devices, and software. A computer accepts data as input, processes it, produces output, and stores results. It operates at high speeds and can reliably store and communicate vast amounts of data.

Uploaded by

julie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Computer

Fundamentals
What Is a Computer?
 A computer is a programmable machine
with two principal characteristics:
• Computer.. Latin word.. Compute
• Calculation Machine
• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a
well-defined manner.
• It can execute a prerecorded list of
instructions (a program).
 A computer system includes a computer,
peripheral devices, and software
Introductions to Computer
A computer has four (4)
functions:

a. accepts data Input

b. processes data Processing

c. produces output Output

d. stores results Storage


Four Functions:
 Input (Data):
is the raw information entered into a computer from the
input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers,
images etc.
 Process:
is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally
internal process of the computer system.
 Output:
is the processed data given by computer after data
processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save
these results in the storage devices for the future use.
 Storage:
is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis.
Elements of A Computer
 People:
They run and operate the computer.
 Procedure:
are normally written in manuals of hardware and
software manufacturers.
 Software:
is to do process data into useful information for
people.
 Hardware:
the physical equipment that you can feel and
touch.
Elements of A Computer
 Data:
include texts and numbers, sounds, images,
and videos that you input into the computer
for processing.
 Connectivity:
- a computer must be connected to other
computers especially through the internet.
- using the internet, people can share and
access data from all over the world.
Capabilities of Computers
 Speed:
computer operates on data and commands at incredibly
fast speed.
 Storage:
computer can store enormous amount of data and
information in its memory.
 Reliability:
computers made of modern technology rarely
breakdown and when they do, they are easily repaired.
 Consistent:
if you input the same data into the computer using the same
program, it will give you the same result all the time.
 Communicate:
people can connect with others by the use of computers.
Ten Commandments of
Computer Ethics
 Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
 Thou shalt not interfere with other peoples computer work.
 Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s files.
 Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
 Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
 Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not
paid.
 Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without
authorization.
 Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual.
 Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the
program you write.
 Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration
and respect.
Disadvantages of using Computers
 Safety and Security:
people have to be careful in sharing photos and
personal information on the computer and
internet.

 Health Risks:
long and improper use of the computer can lead
to injuries and hazards to the user.

 Environment:
old computers must be disposed off properly.
Disadvantages of using Computers
 Use of Power:
computers need electricity to run. Computers only
need a small amount of electric power but with
many computers around, this results to high total
requirement.

 Privacy Violation:
personal information when stored in a computer
can be viewed and stolen.
Software

Software exists as ideas,


concepts, and symbols, but it has no
substance.
- are sets of instructions that tell
the computer what to do to fulfill its
task.
Kinds of Software
 System Software:
- are programs that the computer uses.
- is a collection of programs which includes the
operating system, utilities and drivers.
o Operating System:

is a program that is basically responsible for the


coordination, management and sharing of
hardware resources and tasks in the computer.
o Utility Software:

is a program that performs maintenance tasks for the


computer resources, such as clean up and organizing files and
programs so they would load and work faster.
Kinds of Software
o Device Driver:
is a program that allows a particular hardware device
to work and with the computer system.
 Applications Software:
are the programs that people use for their day to day
tasks on the computer
o Basic application software:
includes word processor, spreadsheet, database
and presentation software.
oSpecialized application software:
includes software for graphics, multimedia,
audio, video, web designing and many other app.
that focus on a certain discipline or profession.

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