HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem

BSS Feature Description 41 MSC Pool

41 MSC Pool

About This Chapter

41.1 Overview
This describes the advantages of the MSC pool. The MSC pool implements resource sharing
and load balancing for even distribution of traffic in the MSC pool; thus reducing inter-MSC
handovers and realizing redundancy backup.
41.2 Availability
This lists the NEs, software, and other conditions required for the implementation of the MSC
pool.
41.3 Technical Description
This describes the technical aspects of the MSC pool. Through the MSC pool, the NAS node
can be selected according to the load balancing algorithm. For example, new MSs are assigned
to different MSCs in the MSC pool according to this algorithm; thus implementing the load
balancing between MSCs in the MSC pool.
41.4 Capabilities
This describes the capabilities of the MSC pool.
41.5 Implementation
This describes how to configure and verify the MSC pool.
41.6 Maintenance Information
This lists the alarms related to the MSC pool.
41.7 References

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41.1 Overview
This describes the advantages of the MSC pool. The MSC pool implements resource sharing
and load balancing for even distribution of traffic in the MSC pool; thus reducing inter-MSC
handovers and realizing redundancy backup.

Definition
Multiple MSCs constitute an MSC pool. The BSC connects to each MSC in the MSC pool.

Purposes
Based on the 3GPP 23.236-630 protocol, the MSC pool features the following:
l The load balancing and resource sharing between MSCs in the MSC pool can increase the
network capacity and reduce the investment in equipment.
l The even allocation of resources between the MSCs in the MSC pool realizes the
redundancy backup.
l The reduced handovers between the MSCs in the MSC pool improve the network quality.

Terms
Terms Definition

NULL_NRI A special NRI. It is coded following the same

priciples as the common NRIs:
l If an MSC pool with a single operator, the
NULL_NRI is unique.
l When the MOCN is supported, operators
have different NULL_NRIs in the MSC
pool. Each CN operator has its own unique
NULL_NRI.

Non-broadcast LAI A special LAI. It is coded following the same

principles as the common LAIs. Each MSC
in the MSC pool must be assigned with a
unique non-broadcast LAI, which is used
when the MSC is offloaded.

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Terms Definition

MSC status The MSC can be in the administration state

and the operation state:
l In the administration state, data
configuration and private message on the
A interface can be modified. The
administration state can be normal,
offload, or inhibited.
l The operation state indicates the actual
status of the CN. The operation state can
be available or unavailable. For example,
the CN is unavailable when the No.7
signaling link is disconnected and
becomes available when the No.7
signaling link is resumed.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms and Full Spelling
Abbreviations

BSC Base Station Controller

MSC Mobile Switching Centre

CN Core Network

DPC Destination (signaling) Point Code

NRI Network Resource Identifier

TMSI International Mobile Station Identity

IMSI International Mobile Station Identity

IMEI International Mobile Station Identity

MGW Media Gateway

NAS Non Access Stratum

MOCN Multi-Operator Core Network

41.2 Availability
This lists the NEs, software, and other conditions required for the implementation of the MSC
pool.

NEs Involved
Table 41-1 lists the NEs involved in the MSC pool.

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Table 41-1 NEs involved in the MSC pool

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

√ - √ √ √ - - √
NOTE
l -: not involved

l √: involved

Software Releases
Table 41-2 describes the versions of GBSS products that support the MSC pool.

Table 41-2 GBSS products and software versions

Product Version

BSC BSC6000 V900R003C01 and later

releases

Miscellaneous
The precautions for using the MSC pool are as follows:
l To implement the MSC pool, licenses are required and the MSC pool Function
Enabled must be configured at the BSC side.
l In actual networking, the interconnected MSCs must support the MSC pool. At present,
only the MSCs that are interconnected to Huawei core network devices can use the MSC
pool.
l After the MSC pool is enabled at the BSC side, the TMSI re-allocation function must be
enabled at the MSC side.
l If the BSC supports the MSC pool, the following data of the BSC must be the same as that
of the MSC:
– NRI length and NRI and DPC Route
– NULL_NRI and NULL_NRI and DPC Route
– MSC Available Capacity, MNC, CN ID, and MSC Administration State
l In the BSC6000V900R003, the MSC pool in the CS domain rather than the PS domain is
implemented.

41.3 Technical Description

This describes the technical aspects of the MSC pool. Through the MSC pool, the NAS node
can be selected according to the load balancing algorithm. For example, new MSs are assigned
to different MSCs in the MSC pool according to this algorithm; thus implementing the load
balancing between MSCs in the MSC pool.

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BSS Feature Description 41 MSC Pool

41.3.1 Typical Topology

This describes the typical topology of the MSC pool.
41.3.2 TMSI and NRI
If the MSC pool is enabled at the BSC side, the TMSI re-allocation function must be enabled at
the MSC side. The TMSI allocated to the MS by the MSC contains the NRI information.
41.3.3 Load Balancing Algorithm
This describes the load balancing algorithm. The load balancing between MSCs is implemented
by the BSC. The BSC assigns the load to an MSC according to the status and available capacity
of the MSC.
41.3.4 NAS Node Selection (TMSI)
This describes the selection of an MSC according to the NRI value in the TMSI. If the MSC
pool is enabled on the BSC, the BSC parses the NRI value in the TMSI to select an MSC.
41.3.5 NAS Node Selection (IMSI/IMEI)
This describes the NAS selection. When the MS uses the IMSI/IMEI to connect to the MSC,
the BSC assigns the MS to an MSC according to the load balancing algorithm.
41.3.6 IMSI Paging Processing
This describes how the MSC pool processes the paging message that carries the TMSI/IMSI.
41.3.7 Load Reassignment
This describes how to reassign the load. In the core network, if MSC Administration State is
set to offload, the system then can unload the MSC users to other MSCs in the MSC pool in a
certain proportion.
41.3.8 Private Message Processing on the A Interface
This describes the private message processing on the A Interface in the MSC pool networking.
41.3.9 Some Standard Messages Processing on the A Interface
This describes the processing of some standard messages. After the MSC pool is enabled, more
private messages are processed on the A interface. In addition, the processing of some standard
messages changes in some aspects.

41.3.1 Typical Topology

This describes the typical topology of the MSC pool.
Figure 41-1 shows the typical topology of the MSC pool.

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Figure 41-1 Typical topology of the MSC pool

MSC3 MSC3
MSC2 MSC2 MSC7
MSC1 MSC1

CS pool-area 1 CS pool-area 2

RAN node RAN node RAN node

RAN node

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4

SGSN1
SGSN2

RAN node RAN node RAN node RAN node

Area 5 Area 6 Area 7 Area 8

PS pool-area 1 PS pool-area 2

SGSN3 SGSN6
SGSN4
SGSN5

NOTE

In Figure 41-1, the RAN node indicates the GBSS.

41.3.2 TMSI and NRI

If the MSC pool is enabled at the BSC side, the TMSI re-allocation function must be enabled at
the MSC side. The TMSI allocated to the MS by the MSC contains the NRI information.

The NRI is a binary digit of 0 to 10 bits. It is used to identify each CN node in the MSC pool.
On the BSC, the NRI is placed in a specified segment in the TMSI of the CN node. The NRI
begins at the twenty-third bit, as shown in Figure 41-2.

Figure 41-2 Position of the NRI in the TMSI

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 …… 1 0

CS/PS VLR-restart used NRI range

The NRIs in a MSC pool must be equal in length. If two MSC pools overlap, the NRIs in the
two MSC pools must be equal in length.

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41.3.3 Load Balancing Algorithm

This describes the load balancing algorithm. The load balancing between MSCs is implemented
by the BSC. The BSC assigns the load to an MSC according to the status and available capacity
of the MSC.

The load balancing algorithm consists of the algorithm defined by protocols and random number
algorithm.

l Algorithm defined by the 3GPP 23.236-630 protocol

When the NAS message of the MS contains IMSI/IMEI, the BSC obtains a value V through
the formula (IMSI/IMEI/10)mod 1000. The BSC then queries the (V, MSC) relation table
to determine the MSC for the current service.
NOTE

The (V, MSC) relation table is generated by the BSC based on the status and available capacity of
each MSC in the MSC pool. According to this algorithm, the loads of the MSC relate to the
distribution of the IMSI, which cannot fully implement the load balancing function.
l Random number algorithm
When the NAS message of the MS carries IMSI/IMEI/NULL_NRI, the BSC chooses a
random number from 0 to 999 to be the value V. Then, the BSC queries the (V, MSC)
relation table to determine the MSC for the current service.

The two algorithms differ in the way of generating the value V but share the same way of
choosing the MSC.

CAUTION
To use the random algorithm, ensure that the TMSI re-allocation function is enabled at the MSC
side.

If the random number algorithm is used, the mapping between the IMSI and MSC are uncertain.

l If the TMSI re-allocation function is not enabled on the MSC, the MS initiates a call carrying
an IMSI and the BSC assigns the MS to other MSCs at random. The VLR of the other
MSCs does not contain the user data; thus, the call fails.
l If the TMSI re-allocation function is enabled on the MSC, the MS can use the TMSI to
initiate a call; the call thus succeeds.

41.3.4 NAS Node Selection (TMSI)

This describes the selection of an MSC according to the NRI value in the TMSI. If the MSC
pool is enabled on the BSC, the BSC parses the NRI value in the TMSI to select an MSC.

The mapping between the NRI and MSC is defined in data configuration. An NRI corresponds
to only one MSC while an MSC can correspond to multiple NRIs.

When an MS uses the TMSI to update the location or initiate a call, the BSC can determine the
office by parsing the NRI value in the TMSI and querying the mapping between the NRI and
the MSC.

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l If the BSC cannot find the corresponding MSC, or the MSC is in the unavailable state, or
the MSC Administration State is inhibited, the BSC uses the random number algorithm
to select an MSC from the MSCs that are normal and available.
l If the value of the NRI is NULL_NRI, the BSC uses the random number algorithm to select
an MSC from the MSCs that are normal and available.
NOTE

The NULL_NRI is defined in the data configuration. It must be the same as that in the MSC configuration.
If only one operator is in the PLMN network, the NULL_NRI is unique. When more than one operator is
in the PLMN network, each operator has a NULL_NRI. A BSC can be configured with up to five
NULL_NRIs.

41.3.5 NAS Node Selection (IMSI/IMEI)

This describes the NAS selection. When the MS uses the IMSI/IMEI to connect to the MSC,
the BSC assigns the MS to an MSC according to the load balancing algorithm.
If the message Complete Layer 3 Information reported by the MS carries the IMSI, the BSC
assigns the MS to an MSC according to the load balancing algorithm. This MS can request such
services as call initiation, location update, paging response, service re-setup, RR initialization
request, and IMSI detach.
If the message Complete Layer 3 Information reported by the MS carries the IMEI, the BSC
assigns the MS to an MSC according to the load balancing algorithm. This MS can request the
emergent call service.

41.3.6 IMSI Paging Processing

This describes how the MSC pool processes the paging message that carries the TMSI/IMSI.
To ensure a normal paging, the BSC must send the paging response message to the corresponding
MSC:
l If the paging message carries the IMSI, the BSC buffers the mapping between the IMSI
and the MSC signaling point. After receiving a paging response message, the BSC queries
the mapping between the IMSI and the MSC to find the MSC signaling point and then sends
the paging response message to the MSC. If the IMSI paging timer does not receive the
paging response message within the specified time, the BSC releases the mapping.
l If the paging message carries the TMSI, the BSC need not buffer the mapping between the
IMSI and the MSC signaling point. After receiving a paging response message, the BSC
obtains the MSC signaling point according to the NRI in the TMSI and then sends the
paging response message to the MSC.
The MSC sends the paging message of the CS domain to the SGSN through the Gs interface.
The PCU then forwards the paging message to the BSC. For the paging message of the CS
domain, the MS reports the paging response message to the MSC through the A interface rather
than to the PCU through the Pb interface.
l For the IMSI paging of the CS domain, the BSC must record the mapping between the
paging message and the MSC for sending the paging response message to the MSC that
sends the paging.
l For the TMSI paging of the CS domain, the BSC can find the corresponding MSC according
to the NRI in the TMSI.
l For the paging message of the PS domain, the paging response of the MS is forwarded to
the PCU by the BSC.

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41.3.7 Load Reassignment

This describes how to reassign the load. In the core network, if MSC Administration State is
set to offload, the system then can unload the MSC users to other MSCs in the MSC pool in a
certain proportion.
Assume that MS1 was attached to the MSC1, and now MSC1 is in the offload state. The offload
process of the MSC1 is as follows:
l MS1 initiates a call.
1. Before the call is established, MSC1 reassigns a TMSI to MS1. The value of the NRI
is NULL_NRI and the value of the LAI is Non-broadcast LAI/RAI.
2. After the call is terminated, if MS1 finds that the LAI sent by MSC1 is different from
the LAI of the current cell, MS1 immediately initiates the location update process.
3. In the location update message Complete Layer 3 Information reported by MS1, the
BSC decodes the NRI in the TMSI to obtain the value NRI, NULL_NRI. The BSC
then connects MS1 to another MSC according to the load balancing algorithm.
4. The other MSC assigns a new TMSI to MS1.
l If MS1 does not initiates a call, it is assigned to an MSC through the process of periodical
location update.
1. MS1 reports the TMSI and the BSC assigns MS1 to MSC1 according to the TMSI.
2. MSC1 assigns the TMSI to MS1. The NRI value in the TMSI is NULL_NRI and the
LAI value in the message is Non-broadcast LAI/RAI.
3. If MS1 finds that the LAI in the message is different from the LAI of the current cell,
MS1 initiates the location update process again.
4. When MSC1 is in the offload state and the NRI value in the TMSI is NULL_NRI, the
BSC assigns MS1 to another MSC. Then, MS1 is reassigned.
l If MS1 is powered off for a long time, it initiates a location update process immediately
after it is powered on.
– If MSC1 is still in the offload state, MS1 is reassigned following the preceding location
update process.
– If MSC1 becomes normal, MS1 is still attached to MSC1.

After the offload, you must set the administration state of MSC1 to normal; otherwise, MSC1
cannot receive the information about the newly registered users.

41.3.8 Private Message Processing on the A Interface

This describes the private message processing on the A Interface in the MSC pool networking.
In the MSC networking, if the MSC and the BSC are Huawei devices, the MSC periodically
broadcasts the capacity occupied by the MSC. The private message carries the total capacity and
available capacity of the MSC. After receiving the private message, the BSC updates the
parameter value of the MSC available capacity; thus making the load balancing algorithm more
effective.

NOTE

By default, the period for broadcasting the private message is one hour. The period can be set on the NSS.

If the available capacity in the private message is directly used as a load balancing parameter,
the MSC Available Capacity set at the BSC side is invalid and unavailable for later use. To

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solve the problem that the BSC configuration data does not take effect, the following formula
is adopted:

MSC available capacity = MSC Available Capacity configured by the BSC - (total MSC
capacity in the private message - MSC available capacity in the private message)

When the MSC Available Capacity configured by the BSC is of great difference from the total
MSC capacity in the private message, the result may be equal to or smaller than 0. In this case,
the capacity is considered to be 0.

The MSC sends the configuration message to notify the BSC of the current MSC status. In this
way, the MSC is offloaded.

The MSC can query the current MSC status saved on the BSC. If the MSC considers that the
query result is abnormal, it can send the configuration message to the BSC to re-set the MSC
status.

41.3.9 Some Standard Messages Processing on the A Interface

This describes the processing of some standard messages. After the MSC pool is enabled, more
private messages are processed on the A interface. In addition, the processing of some standard
messages changes in some aspects.

The changes of the BSC message processing on the A interface are as follows:

l Sending the OVERLOAD message

The BSC sends the OVERLOAD message to one MSC before the MSC pool is enabled.
After the MSC pool is enabled, the BSC need to send the message to all the MSCs in the
MSC pool.
l Processing the RESET message
Before the MSC pool is enabled,all the calls are processed by one MSC; thus, the BSC
releases all the calls after receiving the RESET message on the A interface. After connecting
to multiple MSCs, the BSC responds to only the MSC that sends the RESET message. The
responses of the BSC includes restart-indication, call clearance, and circuit initialization.
l Sending the RESET message
If the BSC is reset after connecting to multiple MSCs, the BSC sends the RESET message
to all the MSCs and sets the Receive MSC Config. Msg. Timer to wait for the responses
from all the MSCs. If the MSC does not respond to the BSC due to the response timeout,
the BSC sends the message to this MSC again.

41.4 Capabilities
This describes the capabilities of the MSC pool.

The common capabilities of the MSC pool are as follows:

l Each MSC pool contains 32 MSCs.

l Each BSC can connect to 32 MSCs.
l Each NMS can manage 128 BSCs at the same.
l Each NMS can manage 32 BSCs at the same time.
l Each MSC belongs to up to eight MSC pool at the the same time.

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l Each MSC/VLR can have up to eight NRI values at the same time.
l Each BSC can be configured with 1024 NRI values.
l Each BSC can be configured with five NULL_NRI values and each NULL_NRI value can
be configured with 32 MSCs.

41.5 Implementation
This describes how to configure and verify the MSC pool.

41.5.1 Configuring the MSC Pool

This describes how to configure the MSC pool on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance
Terminal.
41.5.2 Verifying MSC Pool
This describes how to verify the MSC pool. On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal,
you can view the distribution of the MS to the MSC through a tracing message on the A interface.

41.5.1 Configuring the MSC Pool

This describes how to configure the MSC pool on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance
Terminal.

Prerequisite
l The BSC and MSC are Huawei devices.
l The MSC version supports the MSC pool.
l The BSC connects to the core network correctly.
l The MSC server interconnects to the MGW and the relevant data is configured correctly.

Context
This describes the application of the MSC pool on the BSC.

Procedure
Step 1 Configure the data of the MSC server and the MGW.
1. For Huawei core network devices, enable the MSC pool on the MSC.
2. Set A-Flex to Yes.
3. Plan the following configuration data of the MSC related to the MSC pool: NRI,
NULL_NRI, MSC Available Capacity, MNC, and CN ID.

For details of setting parameters, refer to the user manuals related to the MSC products.

Step 2 Apply for a license and activate the license.

1. When applying for the MSC pool license, ensure that Support MSC POOL Function
under Function control items in BSC6000V900R003 Exceptional Commercial License
Application Template is set to 1.
2. Activate the license on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal. For details, refer to
Activating the BSC License.

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3. The BSC supports the MSC pool after the license is activated. Set the attributes of related
objects and parameters on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
Step 3 Add a DSP
1. On the Management Tree tab page of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-
click BSC6000, and then choose Configure SS7 Signaling Point on the shortcut menu. A
dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 41-3.
In Figure 41-3, click the DSP tab.

Figure 41-3 Configuring an SS7 signaling point

2. Click Add DSP. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 41-4.

Configure DPCGIndex, MSC Available Capacity, MNC, CN ID, MSC Administration
State, BSC Default DSP.

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Figure 41-4 Adding the DSP

3. Click OK. The configuration is complete.

Step 4 Configuring A interface E1/T1

1. Right-click GEIUA on the BSC Device Panel of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance
Terminal and choose Configure A Interface E1/T1 from the shortcut menu. A dialog box
is displayed, as shown in Figure 41-5.

Figure 41-5 Configuring A interface E1/T1

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2. Click Add. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 41-6.

Figure 41-6 Adding A interface E1/T1

CAUTION
The DPCGIndex maps the Port No.. Configure the Start CIC of this port.
The start CICs of different ports within a DPC group cannot be duplicate.

3. Click OK. The configuration is complete.

Step 5 Configuring MSC pool parameters
1. On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click BSC6000 and then choose
Configure BSC Attributes from the shortcut menu. Click the MSC Pool Parameters tag
on the displayed dialog box as shown in Figure 41-7.

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Figure 41-7 Configuring MSC pool parameters

2. Configure the parameters displayed in Figure 41-7 and then click Finish. The configuration
of the MSC pool parameters is complete.
Step 6 Configuring the NRI and DCP route
1. Click the NRI and DPC Route tab in Figure 41-7. A tab page is displayed, as shown in
Figure 41-8.

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Figure 41-8 Configuring the NRI and DCP route

2. Click Add. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 41-9.

Configure NRI and DPC.

Figure 41-9 Adding the NRI and DCP route

3. Click OK. The configuration is complete.

Step 7 Configuring the Null-NRI and DCP route
1. Click the Null-NRI and DPC Route tab in Figure 41-7. A tab page is displayed, as shown
in Figure 41-10.

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Figure 41-10 Configuring the Null-NRI and DCP route

2. Click Add. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 41-11.

Configure NULL-NRI and DPC.

Figure 41-11 Adding the Null-NRI and DCP route

3. Click OK. The configuration is complete.

----End

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41.5.2 Verifying MSC Pool

This describes how to verify the MSC pool. On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal,
you can view the distribution of the MS to the MSC through a tracing message on the A interface.

Prerequisite
l The BSC and MSC are Huawei devices.
l The MSC version supports the MSC pool.
l The BSC connects to the core network correctly.
l The MSC server interconnects to the MGW and the relevant data is configured correctly.
l The MSC pool is configured correctly.

Context
The MSC pool is verified with the load balancing algorithm.

Procedure
l Select Random Algorithm in the MSC Pool Load Balancing Algorithm Selection table.
1. After the MS is switched on, its location is updated.
– Use the IMSI to update the location.
The MS is assigned to the MSC in the MSC pool at random. The MSC with higher
available capacity is more probable to be chosen.
– Use the TMSI to update the location.
The MS is assigned to the DPC (MSC) mapping the NRI in the TMSI.
2. After the location of the MS is updated, the MSC assigns the TMSI to the MS. This
MSC provides later service for the MS.
3. When the MS initiates a call or other services again, it is assigned to the MSC.
l Select Based on MSC ID Algorithm in the MSC Pool Load Balancing Algorithm
Selection table.
1. Each time the location of the MS is updated through the IMSI or a call is initiated, the
BSC assigns the MS to a specified MSC.

----End

41.6 Maintenance Information

This lists the alarms related to the MSC pool.

Alarms
If multiple DSPs are supported, the DPC information is added to the alarms related to the MSC
for distinguishing different MSCs. Table 41-3 lists the alarms related to the MSC pool.

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Table 41-3 Alarms related to the MSC pool

Alarm ID Alarm Name

124 No A Interface Circuit Configured in the BSC

126 No Circuit Configured in the MSC

129 MSC Resetting

130 BSC Resetting Failure

131 BSC Unable to Reset a Circuit

132 BSC Unable to Block a Circuit

133 BSC Unable to Unblock a Circuit

Performances
None.

41.7 References

3GPP TS 23.236 V6.3.0

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