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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990

The Green Revolution

Q16. What do you mean by Green Revolutuion

Green Revolution refers to the large increase in

production of food grains resulting from the use of high
yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and
rice.

Q17. What was the need of Green revolution or

Why was the Green Revolution Implemented?

a) At independence, about 75 per cent of the

country's population was dependent on
agriculture.
b) Productivity in the agricultural sector was very
low because of the use of old technology and the
absence of required infrastructure for the vast
majority of farmers.
c) India's agriculture vitally depends on the
monsoon and if the monsoon fell short, the
farmers were in trouble unless they
Q18.What were the two phases of Green Revolution

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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990
1. FIRST PHASE: ( MID 1960S UPTO MID 1970S)

i) In the first phase of Green revolution ( mid 1960s upto

mid 1970s) the use of HYV seeds was restricted only to the
more affluent states of Punjab, Haryana , Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu and Western uttar Pradesh

ii) The first phase is called phase of Centralisation, as it

was centralized on Wheat crop and also known as Wheat
Revolution.

2. SECOND PHASE: ( MID 1970 TO MID 1980) :

i) It spread to a large number of states and benefited more

crops. This phase include wheat, rice, bajra, maize and
jowar.

ii) It is called the phase of Decentralisation

Q19. What were the main features of Green Revolution

A) USE OF PACKAGE INPUTS.

Application of a package of inputs, consisting of high

yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers and

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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990
improved agricultural practices in the area of assured
water supply.

B) SCIENTIFIC ROTATION OF CROPS.

Introduction of short-term high yielding varieties of

major crops which enabled the farmers to grow two or
more harvests in one year.

C) CREDIT AND PACKAGE INPUTS PROVIDED BY

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES.

The government was authorised to provide adequate and

timely credit facilities and package inputs to the farmers
well in advance of the sowing season.

D) ANNOUNCING MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICES.

Minimum support prices were announced in advance of

the sowing season so as to assure farmers reasonable
prices for their produce. This was done to avoid wide
fluctuation in their income.

E) MINOR IRRIGATION WORKS.

The emphasis was on minor irrigation works.

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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990
Q20.What was the achievements and benefits of green
revolution

a) Rise in Production and Productivity

b) Increase in Income
c) Rise in Commmercial Farming
d) Impact on Social Revolution
e) Increase in Employment
f) Self sufficiency

Q21. What were the main areas of Green Revolution

(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Western Uttar Pradesh
(d) Andhra Pradesh

Q22. What was the disadvantages/shortcomings of Green

Revolution

A) INCREASE IN DISPARITY BETWEEN SMALL AND BIG

FARMERS:

Green Revolution further increased the income

inequalities in the villages. Due to Green Revolution, the
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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990
rich farmers, earned more revenues as compared to poor
farmers because of lack of funds with them.

B) RISK OF PEST ATTACK.

Moreover, the HYV crops were also more prone to attack

by pests. The small farmers who adopted this technology
could lose everything in a pest attack. However the risk of
pest attack was considerably reduced by the services
rendered by research institutes established by the
government.

C) LIMITED CROPS.

The effect of Green Revolution is confined to limited crops

like wheat, rice, bajra, maize etc. It has limited effect on
commercial crops like tea, rubber, jute etc.

D) REGIONAL IMBALANCE.

i) Effect of Green Revolution has been only in Punjab,

Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and
Andhra Pradesh. Thus, there were regional inequalities.

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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990
Q23. What were the steps taken by Govt. to remove
Regional inequalities?

ANS:

a) The government provided loans at low interest rate to

small farmers.
b) The government provided subsidised fertilisers so that
small farmers could also have access to the needed inputs.
c) The risk of pest attack was reduced by the services
rendered by research institutes established by the
government.

Q24.. Explain the statement that green revolution enabled

the government to procure sufficient food grains to build
its stocks that could be used during times of shortage.
Answer Green Revolution led to an increase in the
production of food grains. With the use of modern
technology, extensive use of fertilisers, pesticides and HYV
seeds there was a significant increase in the agricultural
productivity and product per farm land.

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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990
b) In addition, the spread of marketing system, abolition of
intermediaries and easy availability of credit has enabled
farmers with greater portion of marketable surplus.
c) All these factors enabled the government to procure
sufficient food grains to build the buffer stock and to
provide cushion against the shocks of famines and
shortages

Q25. Why, despite the implementation of green

revolution, 65 per cent of our population continued to be
engaged in the agriculture sector till 1990?
Ans. The structural change in composition of GDP shows
that India is on the path of sustained development. But
the occupational structure pattern shows that India is still
underdeveloped. When nearly 60.8 per cent of the
working force is engaged in agriculture where productivity
is low and employment uncertain this would surely lead to
low per capita income and widespread poverty for the
rural masses which form about 72.2 per cent of Ind ia's
population. It also means that excessive pressure of
population on land would be a hindrance in the way of
productivity improvement in agriculture sector.
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INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990

Q26. What were the role of govt in ensuring that green

revolution benefited small farmers
Ans Role of government in ensuring that the green
revolution benefited small farmers
a) The government provided loans at a low interest
rate to small farmers.
b) The government also provided subsidised fertilisers so
chat small farmers could also haYe to the needed inputs.
c) The risk of the small farmers being ruined when pests
attack their crops was considerably reduced by the
services rendered by research institutes established by
the government

Q27. What are High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds"

Ans: HYV seeds are seeds of better quality , which produce
more output nut require the use of fertilizer and pesticides
in the correct quantity as well as regular supply of water.

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