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Project: Public Housing Project (Disambiguation)

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. It has a defined beginning and end, with resources assigned to complete specific objectives within given constraints such as time, funding, and quality standards. Projects are used in business, engineering, education, and other fields to manage complex activities and tasks.

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46 views3 pages

Project: Public Housing Project (Disambiguation)

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. It has a defined beginning and end, with resources assigned to complete specific objectives within given constraints such as time, funding, and quality standards. Projects are used in business, engineering, education, and other fields to manage complex activities and tasks.

Uploaded by

Chetan Channe
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Project

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For the urban low-income housing buildings called projects, see Public housing. For other uses,
see Project (disambiguation).

Contemporary business and science treat as a project (or program) any undertaking, carried out
individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design, that is
carefully planned (usually by a project team[citation needed]) to achieve a particular aim.[1]
An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks
to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations".[2]
A project may be a temporary (rather than permanent) social system (work system), possibly
constituted by teams (within or across organizations) to accomplish particular tasks under time
constraints.[3]
A project may be a part of wider programme management[citation needed] or an ad hoc structure.
Note that open-source software "projects" (for example) may lack defined team-membership, precise
planning and time-limited durations.

Contents

 1Overview
 2Formal definition in the project-management realm
 3Specific uses
o 3.1School and university
o 3.2Project management
o 3.3Civil and military construction and industry infrastructure
o 3.4Computer software
o 3.5State project
 4Types
 5Notable examples
 6References

Overview[edit]
The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from the Latin verb proicere, "before an
action" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes precedence, something that comes before
something else in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and iacere, "to do". The word "project" thus
originally meant "before an action".
When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of something, not to the
act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became
known as an "object". Every project has certain phases of development.
Formal definition in the project-management realm[edit]
A project consists of a concrete and organized effort motivated by a perceived opportunity when
facing a problem, a need, a desire or a source of discomfort (e.g., lack of proper ventilation in a
building). It seeks the realization of a unique and innovative deliverable, such as a product, a
service, a process, or in some cases, a scientific research. Each project has a beginning and an
end,[4] and as such is considered[by whom?] a closed dynamic system.[citation needed] It is developed along the 4
Ps of project management: Plan, Processes, People, and Power (e.g., line of authority).[citation needed] It is
bound by the triple constraints that are calendar, costs and norms of quality,[5] each of which can be
determined and measured objectively along the project lifecycle.[citation needed] Some projects produce
some level of formal documentation, the deliverable(s), and some impacts, which can be positive
and/or negative.[6]

Specific uses[edit]
School and university[edit]
A project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned and researched about
by students. At schools, educational institutes and universities, a project is a research assignment -
given to a student - which generally requires a larger amount of effort and more independent work
than that involved in a normal essay assignment. It requires students to undertake their own fact-
finding and analysis, either from library/internet research or from gathering data empirically. The
written report that comes from the project is usually in the form of a dissertation, which will contain
sections on the project's inception, analysis, findings and conclusions.[7]
Project management[edit]
Main article: project management

In project management a project consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a


unique product, service or result.[8] Another definition is: a management environment that is created
for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business
case.[9] Projects can also be seen as temporary organization.[10]
Project objectives define target status at the end of the project, reaching of which is considered
necessary for the achievement of planned benefits. They can be formulated as SMART criteria:[11]

 Specific
 Measurable (or at least evaluable) achievement
 Achievable (recently Agreed to or Acceptable are used[by whom?] regularly as well)
 Realistic (given the current state of organizational resources)
 Time terminated (bounded)
The evaluation (measurement) occurs at the project closure. However a continuous guard on the
project progress should be kept by monitoring and evaluating.
Civil and military construction and industry infrastructure [edit]
In civil, military and industry (e.g. oil and gas) infrastructure, capital projects refer to activities to
construct and install equipment, facilities and buildings. As these activities are temporary endeavors
with clear start and end dates, the term "project" is applied. Because the results of these activities
are typically long-standing infrastructure, with a life measured in years or decades, these projects
are typically accounted for in financial accounting as capital expenditures, and thus they are termed
"capital projects".
Computer software[edit]
In computer software, a project can consist of programs, configuration definitions and related
data.[citation needed] For example, in Microsoft Visual Studio a "solution" consists of projects and other
definitions.[12]
State project[edit]
It can be defined as "a set of state policies and/or agencies unified around a particular issue or
oppression".[13] Therefore, these kinds of projects involve constant change and dynamism due to the
social constructions evolve among time. State projects have to adapt to the current moment. They
are mostly community services based.

Types[edit]
Some analyses of project-oriented activity distinguish - using military-style terminology - between
grandiose strategic projects and more trivial or component operational projects: tactical
projects.[14][15]

Notable examples[edit]
 Human Genome Project which mapped the human genome
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