0% found this document useful (0 votes)
112 views21 pages

Linear Motion

The document provides information on linear motion concepts including: - Formulas for displacement (s), initial velocity (vo), final velocity (v1), acceleration (a), and time (t). - Examples of calculating speed, distance, time, and acceleration for objects undergoing linear motion such as cars accelerating and cyclists traveling. - Additional examples involve determining speeds, distances, times, and accelerations for objects moving in a conveyor belt, router, and train.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Anshari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
112 views21 pages

Linear Motion

The document provides information on linear motion concepts including: - Formulas for displacement (s), initial velocity (vo), final velocity (v1), acceleration (a), and time (t). - Examples of calculating speed, distance, time, and acceleration for objects undergoing linear motion such as cars accelerating and cyclists traveling. - Additional examples involve determining speeds, distances, times, and accelerations for objects moving in a conveyor belt, router, and train.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Anshari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Linear Motion Intro

s=m
vo = m/s
v1 = m/s
a = m/s2
t=s

Linear_Motion Page 1
Linear_Motion Page 2
Linear_Motion Page 3
Question:Time trial
Tuesday, 12 March 2013
5:44 PM

Q5: A cyclist covers 40.5 km in 56 minutes and 28 seconds. What


was his speed?

Velocity = Distance / Time


V=S/t
t = 56*60+28 = 3388 s
V = 40500/3388 = 11.954 m/s
(11.954*3.6 = 43.0344 km/h)

Linear_Motion Page 4
Linear Motion Formulas & Examples
Tuesday, 22 February 2011
9:25 PM
CONSTANT ACCELERATION FORMULAS

A car starts from rest and accelerates in a straight line at


1.6 m/s2 for 10 seconds.

1. What is its final speed?

Linear_Motion Page 5
1. What is its final speed?

Use V1 = V0 + a*t
V1 = 0 + 1.6 * 10 = 16 m/s

2. How far has it travelled in this time?


Use eqn 5...
S = V0*t + 0.5 * a * t^2
S = 0 + 0.5 * 1.6* 10 ^ 2 = 80 m

If the brakes are then applied and it travels a further 20m


before stopping;
Separate Question!!!!! Start over....

3. What is the deceleration (retardation)?


Find a
We have S, V0, V1, want a (without a t)
Equation 8 looks suitable;

a = (V1^2 - V0^2) / (2*s)


= ( 0 - 16 ^ 2) / (2 * 20 )
= -6.4 m/s2

Linear_Motion Page 6
Linear Motion Examples 2
Thursday, 24 February 2011
12:12 PM

Q7: The maximum traverse (travel) speed of this router is


770 mm/s. If acceleration is 2.9 m/s², how much time would
it take get up to full speed?

Max speed = 770 mm/s = 0.77 m/s


Accel = 2.9 m/s2
Time to full speed?

t = (V1-V0) / a
t = (0.77-0)/2.9 = 0.2655 s

Going 71 km/h, stops in 5.1s. Find deceleration.

71 km/h = 71000 m/h = 71000/3600 = 19.7222 m/s


1 m/s = 3.6 km/h

Linear_Motion Page 7
a = (0 - 19.7222)/ 5.1 = -3.8671 m/s2

Linear_Motion Page 8
Linear Motion Examples 3
Tuesday, 8 February 2011
6:19 PM

TEXT: P180 Q13.4

Linear_Motion Page 9
Q 13:10. Train at rest, accel at 0.8m/s2 for 25s, then
const vel for 77.5s, then retards for 20s to stop. Find total
distance travelled.

Pasted from <http://www.ejsong.com/mdme/MEMmods/MEM23041A/dynamics/linear_motion.html>

Linear_Motion Page 10
Linear_Motion Page 11
Q13: A conveyor
Tuesday, 3 February 2015
7:35 PM

Q13: A conveyor belt accelerates at 0.23 g. Once it


reaches a maximum speed of 1.7 m/s it continues for
12 seconds. It decelerates at 0.4 g. What was the total
distance?

Stage 1: Accelerating

S Vo V a t
a = 0.23 * 9.81 = 2.2563 m/s2
Vo = 0 m/s
V = 1.7 m/s
V2 = Vo2 + 2as
V2 - Vo2 = 2as
s = (V2 - Vo2 )/2a = (1.7^2-0)/(2*2.2563) = 0.6404 m
t?
V=Vo + at
T = (V-Vo)/a = (1.7-0)/2.2563 = 0.7534 secs

Stage 2: Constant

S Vo V a t

S = 0.5*(V + Vo) * t
= 0.5*(1.7 + 1.7) * 12 = 20.4 m

Stage 3: Decelerating

Linear_Motion Page 12
S Vo V a t

a= -0.4*9.81 = -3.924 m/s2


V2 = Vo2 + 2as
V2 - Vo2 = 2as
s = (V2 - Vo2 )/2a = (0^2-1.7^2)/(2*-3.924 ) = 0.3682 m
V=Vo + at
t = (V-Vo)/a = (0-1.7)/-3.924 = 0.4332 secs

Total distance = 0.6404 + 20.4 + 0.3682 = 21.4086 m

Linear_Motion Page 13
Linear motion Examples 4
Thursday, 31 March 2011
1:28 PM

You cannot take average since they are for different amounts of
TIME.
Add the 2 journeys, then get total time.
Convert to m/s
UPHILL: 19 km/h / 3.6 = 5.2778 m/s
DOWNHILL: 61/3.6 = 16.9444 m/s
UPHILL: Find time: v=s/t so t = s/v = 3900/ 5.2778 = 738.94 s
DOWNHILL: t = s/v = 3900/16.9444 = 230.16 s
Total time: 738.94+230.16 = 969.1 s
So average velocity: v=s/t = (2*3900)/969.1 = 8.0487 m/s
Convert km/h: 8.0487*3.6 = 28.9753 km/h

Linear_Motion Page 14
STAGE 1: a = 0.37g = 0.37*9.81 = 3.6297
m/s2
V1 = 1.9 m/s
Use v12 = v02 +2as
(v12 - v02 ) / 2a = s
S = (1.9^2 - 0 ) / (2*3.6297) = 0.4973 m
V = v0 + at
t = V/a = 1.9 / 3.6297 = 0.5235 s
(Check: area = 1/2 *b*h
= 1/2 * 0.5235 *1.9 = 0.4973 m
Check accel: slope = y/x = 1.9/0.5235 = 3.6294

Linear_Motion Page 15
= 1/2 * 0.5235 *1.9 = 0.4973 m
Check accel: slope = y/x = 1.9/0.5235 = 3.6294

STAGE 2: a=0
v=s/t
S = v*t
S = 1.9 * 12 = 22.8 m
(check: area = bh = 12*1.9 = 22.8 )

STAGE 3:
Use v12 = v02 +2as
(v12 - v02 ) / 2a = s
S = (0 - 1.9^2) / (2*-0.39*9.81) = 0.4718 m
Find t: V1 = v0 + at so t = 0-V0/a
T = -1.9/(-0.39*9.81) = 0.4966 s
Check: area = 0.5 *0.4966*1.9 = 0.4718
Ooops: check:
v=v0+at = 1.9 +-0.39*9.81*0.4966 = 0.0001

Total distance:
S tot = 0.4973 + 22.8 + 0.4718 = 23.7691 m

Check:

Linear_Motion Page 16
Gravity
Monday, 3 August 2015
7:56 PM

In gravity questions, a = g (i.e. 9.81 m/s2)

Throw a ball at 100km/h (vertical). How high does it go?

Convert velocity to m/s


V = 100/3.6 = 27.7778 m/s

Now get the right equation (no time)

Cheat (using the equations):


sin(90) = 1
H = 27.7778^2*1/(2*9.81)
Re-arrange eqn 6 to find S… = 39.3275 m
S = (v12-v02)/2a
= (0^2 - 27.7778^2)/(2*-9.81)
= 39.3275 m

Linear_Motion Page 17
Trajectories
Monday, 27 July 2015
9:07 PM

Assume Vo = 20m/s at 60 degs


Vx = 20*cos(60) = 10.0 m/s
Vy = 20 * sin(60) = 17.320508 m/s
Now solve for vertical component only:

V12 = V02 + 2*a*s


s = (V12 - V02 )/2a
= (0-17.320508^2 )/(2*-9.81)
= 15.29052

V1 = V0 + at
Linear_Motion Page 18
V1 = V0 + at
t = (V1 - V0) /a
= (17.320508)/9.81
= 1.765597 s

S = 0.5*(10 + 10)*1.765597
= 17.65597 m

Total Height = 15.29052 m


Total Time = 1.765597*2 = 3.531194 s
Total Range = 17.65597*2 = 35.31194 m

Time of Flight = 2*20*sin(60)/9.81 = 3.531194 s


Max Height = (20^2*(sin(60))^2 )/(2*9.81) = 15.290519m
Horizontal range = 20^2*sin(2*60)/9.81 = 35.311943m

Linear_Motion Page 19
HR

(Sin(a)) ^2

(Sin(2*a))

HR = (v02 * sin(2*ang) ) / g
(g*HR)/(sin(2*ang)) = v02
Convert to radians if you have to - like when using OneNote or
Excel...(otherwise use degrees if your calculator is in degree mode).
ang = 45 degs
v02 = (9.81*2500)/(sin(2*45)) = 24525
So V0 = 24525^0.5 = 156.6046 m/s
Convert km/h: 156.6046 *3.6 = 563.7766 km/h

Linear_Motion Page 20
Definition of Radian: radius = arc length
Take a full circle:
full circle of angle = 2R
2radians = 360o
1 Radian = 180/ = 57.2958o

SAME:
Arcsin
HR = (v2 * sin(2*ang) ) / g Asin
HR*g / v2 = sin(2*ang) sin-1
sin(2*ang) = HR*g / v2
2*ang = sin-1(HR*g / v2)
ang = sin-1(HR*g / v2) / 2
= sin-1 (2600 * 9.81/224^2) / 2
= 0.5332 / 2
= 0.2666 rad
Or ang = 0.2666*180/pi = 15.28 degs

Arrow shot horizontally

Finding vertical drop.


1. Find t for arrow to reach target.
2. Use linear motion in vertical (free-fall)
S = 0.5*g*t2

Linear_Motion Page 21

You might also like