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47781.PDF 4th Unit

Digital voltmeters measure input voltages and display them numerically. There are several types of digital voltmeters including ramp type, dual slope integrating type, potentiometer type, successive approximation type, and continuous balance type. Ramp type digital voltmeters work by measuring the time taken for an input voltage to change from its level to zero, using a digital counter to time the intervals and display the output digitally.

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66 views13 pages

47781.PDF 4th Unit

Digital voltmeters measure input voltages and display them numerically. There are several types of digital voltmeters including ramp type, dual slope integrating type, potentiometer type, successive approximation type, and continuous balance type. Ramp type digital voltmeters work by measuring the time taken for an input voltage to change from its level to zero, using a digital counter to time the intervals and display the output digitally.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT-IV

Digital voltmeter(DVM)

A digital voltmeter (DVM) measures an unknown input voltage by converting the voltage to a digital value and
then displays the voltage in numeric form. DVMs are usually designed around a special type of analog-to-
digital converter called an integrating converter.

Different Types Of Digital Voltmeters:


1. Ramp type of digital voltmeters
2. Dual slope integrating type
3. Digital voltmeters of potentiometer type
4. Successive approximation type digital voltmeters
5. And continuous balance type digital voltmeter

Ramp type of digital voltmeter:


The working principle of ramp type digital voltmeter is that:
It takes measurement of the time that is taken by instrument for its input voltage to change its state from input level
to zero level and also the reverse is also true. An digital counter is employed in this system that measured time
intervals and gives this output to the display unit that merely displays the output inform of digits with the help of
indicating tubes thus making this section to work as output device.
A voltage, referred as ramp voltage, is initiated at the beginning of measurements. Generally used ramp is negative
going type but we also use one of positive going type. A continuous comparison is made between ramp voltage and
that the voltage under measurement. As soon as, it is found that ramp voltage becomes equal to the input voltage a
pulse in formed by coincidence generally called comparator circuit. At the same time value of ramp voltage is also
made to fall down till the time when it reaches zero level. When value of ramp voltage has fallen to zero or ground
another circuit called ground comparator comes into play and result in to close the gate. Some time is taken by the
circuit between opening and closing of the gate can be given by T, now, clock pulse generator circuit generates
some pulses during time T that are given to gate as a result of them counting an displaying can be performed. Thus,
Input voltage that was initially fed to the instrument is read in digital form.
It employs multi-vibrator circuits that are basically used to determine rate according to which cycles of
measurement are started this multi-vibrator is called sample rate multi-vibrator. It is because the initial pulses that
are responsible for activation or generation of next ramp voltages are generated by sample rate multi-vibrator as
with as multi-vibrator also sends a pulse to counter circuit that makes it to come again to 0 states to clean up the
digital display.
Successive Approximation Type DVM:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
DIGITAL MULTIMETER(DMM):
DIGITAL FREQUENCY COUNTER:
Virtual Instrumentation:

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