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Ntroduction: Single Loop Control

This document discusses cascade control, which uses two controllers in sequence to control a process. The first, or master, controller generates a setpoint for the second, or slave, controller. The slave controller then controls the actual process based on the setpoint from the master controller. Cascade control offers advantages over single-loop control like reducing dead time and improving dynamic response. It can provide more precise control and help compensate for load changes in the process. An example of cascade control is using tank level control to regulate the flow out of the tank through a valve.

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atif jabbar
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56 views4 pages

Ntroduction: Single Loop Control

This document discusses cascade control, which uses two controllers in sequence to control a process. The first, or master, controller generates a setpoint for the second, or slave, controller. The slave controller then controls the actual process based on the setpoint from the master controller. Cascade control offers advantages over single-loop control like reducing dead time and improving dynamic response. It can provide more precise control and help compensate for load changes in the process. An example of cascade control is using tank level control to regulate the flow out of the tank through a valve.

Uploaded by

atif jabbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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26/03/2019

INTRODUCTION
 Single Loop Control

CASCADE CONTROL
Multi Loop Control Technique

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
 Cascade Control  Single Loop Vs Cascade Control

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26/03/2019

INTRODUCTION ADVANTAGES
 In cascade control a process is controlled by two  In simple closed loop control , the process has
controllers in such way that both are acting for each only one stage information for control and less
other. effective with respect to change in set point.
 In cascade control first loop called master and second  In cascade we are controlling single variable in
loop called slave controller. two stage
 Master controller generate the set point for the slave  Cascade control are used where required precise
controller. and critical control.
 Finally slave controller control the process depends  Cascade control are able to compensate the load
upon the remote set point provided by master change of process and maintain at desired set
controller. 5
value of any physical quantity. 6

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES
 Reduce the dead time and phase lag time in the  Responses to step change in set point for single-
control system. loop control and cascade control.
 Can be combined with feed forward and other
types of controllers.
 Improved dynamic response and performance
and provide limit on secondary variable.

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APPLICATION APPLICATION
 Cascade control are used in steam power plants
at…
 BOILER….
In boiler we are using various types of closed loop control
and cascade controls. Some cascade loops are given below.
 Drum level control

 steam temperature control

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THE LEVEL-TO-FLOW CASCADE BLOCK


EXAMPLE DIAGRAM

 the tank is essentially a


barrel with a hole
punched in the bottom.
 Liquid enters through a
feed valve at the top of
the tank.
 The exit flow is liquid
draining freely by the
force of gravity out
through the hole in the
tank bottom.

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26/03/2019

THE LEVEL-TO-FLOW CASCADE BLOCK THE LEVEL-TO-FLOW CASCADE BLOCK


DIAGRAM DIAGRAM

SP2 = inner secondary set



point  Two PVs, Two Controllers, One Valve
CO2 = inner secondary
controller output signal
PV2 = inner secondary
measured process variable
signal
 And
D2 = inner disturbance
variable (often not measured
or available as a signal)
FCE = final control element
such as a valve, variable
speed pump or compressor,
etc.

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