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Automatic Railway Gate Control

The document describes an automatic railway gate control system that uses sensors to detect arriving and departing trains. It opens and closes the railway gates accordingly to prevent accidents at unmanned crossings. The system also measures train speed and sounds an alarm if a train is traveling above the normal speed to alert people. It can identify trains from other objects like animals using timing between sensor activations. The circuit uses infrared LED and photodiode sensors arranged on the tracks to detect train movement and control the railway gates automatically.

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allam rajender
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33 views4 pages

Automatic Railway Gate Control

The document describes an automatic railway gate control system that uses sensors to detect arriving and departing trains. It opens and closes the railway gates accordingly to prevent accidents at unmanned crossings. The system also measures train speed and sounds an alarm if a train is traveling above the normal speed to alert people. It can identify trains from other objects like animals using timing between sensor activations. The circuit uses infrared LED and photodiode sensors arranged on the tracks to detect train movement and control the railway gates automatically.

Uploaded by

allam rajender
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Railway Gate Controller with High Speed

Alerting System

The main aim of this project is to operate and control the unmanned railway gate in the proper manner in order to avoid the
accidents in the unmanned railway crossing. In a country like ours where there are many unmanned railway crossings,
accidents are increasing day by day. These train accidents are due to the absence of human power in the railway. In order
to overcome the accidents due to the above problem we have planned to design the project.

Automatic Railway Gate Control System with High Speed Alerting System is an innovative circuit which automatically
controls the operation of railway gates detecting the arrival and departure of trains at the gate. It has detectors at the far
away distance on the railway track which allows us to know the arrival and departure of the train. These detectors are given
to microcontroller which activates the motors which open/close the railway gate correspondingly.

Another feature of this circuit is that it has an intelligent alerting system which detects the speed of the train that is arriving. If
the speed is found to be higher than the normal speed, then the microcontroller automatically activates the alarm present at
the gate. This alerts the passengers at the railway crossing on the road about this. Also This circuit has the feature for
Identification of train from other intruders i.e, animals etc .This can be implemented in manned level crossings also, as
manual errors can be eliminated by automation.
Circuit Diagram of Automatic Railway Gate Controller:

Fig. 2.2: Circuit Diagram of Automatic Railway Gate Controller – ElectronicsHub.Org

Circuit Operation:
The operation of the circuit can be clearly explained as follows. Basically the circuit consists of four IR LED-Photodiode pairs
arranged on either side of the gate such that IR LED and photodiodes are on either side of the track as shown in the figure
below.
Figure 2.3: Sensor Arrangement – ElectronicsHub.Org

Initially transmitter is continuously transmitting the IR light which is made to fall on the receiver. When the train arrives it cuts
the light falling on receiver. Let us assume the train is arriving from left to right, now when the train cuts the 1st sensor pair a
counter is activated and when it crosses 2nd sensor pair the counter is stopped. This counter value gives the time period
which is used to calculate the velocity of the train.

The sensor2 output is sent to microcontroller which makes the relay activate which causes the gate to be closed. Now when
the last carriage of the train cuts the sensor4 microcontroller de-activates the relay and gates are opened.

How does the sensor know the last carriage?

Here as previously mentioned the counter value is used to calculate the velocity of the train, which means that every wheel
of the carriage cuts the sensor pair within small fraction of time based on its velocity. After the last carriage is passed there
is no obstacle to the sensor pair within that fraction of time hence it knows that the train has left.

One more feature of this circuit is detecting a train accurately i.e, there may be a chance that some obstacle (for e.g some
animal) may cut the sensor then in such a case the counter is made to run for certain period of time (this time period is set
considering the possible lowest speed of train) if the obstacle does not cut the 2nd sensor before this predefined time then
this obstacle is not considered as train and gates remain opened.

One more advantage of calculating the velocity of train is, if the speed of the train crosses a limit i.e, if it is traveling at an
over speed then the passengers are alerted using a by activating a buzzer.
The system basically comprises two IR LED – Photodiode pairs, which are installed on the railway track at about 1 meter
apart, with the transmitter and the photodiode of each pair on the opposite sides of the track. The installation is as shown in
the block diagram. The system displays the time taken by the train in crossing this distance from one pair to the other with a
resolution of 0.01 second from which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated as follows:

Speed (kmph) = Distance/Time

As distance between the sensors is known and constant, the time is counted by the microcontroller and from this
information, we can calculate the speed.

This circuit has been designed considering the maximum permissible speed for trains as per the traffic rule.

The microcontroller is used to process the inputs that are provided by the sensors and generate the desired outputs
appropriately.

Source: http://www.electronicshub.org/automatic-railway-gate-controller/

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