Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)

CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE

BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl No Description Page
Nos
1.0 INTRODUCTION 3

2.0 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS 3

3.0 MATERIAL 3

4.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 100mm DIA PIPE 3

5.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 150mm DIA PIPE 4

6.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 200mm DIA PIPE 5

7.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 250mm DIA PIPE 6

8.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 300mm DIA PIPE 7

9.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 350mm DIA PIPE 7

10.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 400mm DIA PIPE 8

11.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 450mm DIA PIPE 9

12.0 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK 600mm DIA PIPE 10

Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK

1.0 Introduction

Design of thrust blocks for above shown pipe which is buried at 1m below the GL.

2.0 Design Assumptions:

The thrust blocks are designed to force excerted by the pipe at bends, to keep the pipe in position.
Here pipes are having vertical bend of 11.25 deg, due to which froce will be perpendicular to pipe
alignement and along the pipe alignement.

3.0 Material:-
Grade of concrete = M20
Grade of reinforcing steel = Fe500

4.0 Design of thrust block for 100mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 100 mm
Force in Y direction = 0.460 kN
Force in X direction = 0.045 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.30 m

Length L = 0.30 m
Depth D = 0.30 m
Volume = 0.03 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.00 m3
Net Block volume 0.03 - 0.00 = 0.02 m3
Weight of block 0.02 x 25 = 0.62 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 1.53 kN
(0.3x0.3x0.85x20)
Total downward load 0.62 + 1.53 = 2.15 kN
90% of dead load = 1.93 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 4.20 1.93 / 0.460
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 0.58 kN 1.93 x 0.30

FOS against sliding of pipe 0.58 / 0.045 = 12.88 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 0.62 kN
Weight of soil = 1.53 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.02 kN
Total weight = 2.17 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 24.11 kN/m2 2.17 /( 0.30 x 0.30 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 300 x 100 / 100 = 105mm2, hence provide 3 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

5.0 Design of thrust block for 150mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 150 mm
Force in Y direction = 1.034 kN
Force in X direction = 0.102 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.30 m

Length L = 0.30 m
Depth D = 0.30 m
Volume = 0.03 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.01 m3
Net Block volume 0.03 - 0.01 = 0.02 m3
Weight of block 0.02 x 25 = 0.54 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 1.53 kN
(0.3x0.3x0.85x20)
Total downward load 0.54 + 1.53 = 2.07 kN
90% of dead load = 1.87 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.80 1.87 / 1.034
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30
Resisting force against sliding F = 0.56 kN 1.87 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 0.56 / 0.102 = 5.49 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 0.54 kN
Weight of soil = 1.53 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.05 kN
Total weight = 2.13 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 23.62 kN/m2 2.13 /( 0.30 x 0.30 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 300 x 100 / 100 = 105mm2, hence provide 3 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

6.0 Design of thrust block for 200mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 200 mm
Force in Y direction = 1.839 kN
Force in X direction = 0.181 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.40 m

Length L = 0.40 m
Depth D = 0.40 m
Volume = 0.06 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.01 m3
Net Block volume 0.06 - 0.01 = 0.05 m3
Weight of block 0.05 x 25 = 1.29 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 2.56 kN
(0.4x0.4x0.8x20)
Total downward load 1.29 + 2.56 = 3.85 kN
90% of dead load = 3.46 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.88 3.46 / 1.839
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 1.04 kN 3.46 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 1.04 / 0.181 = 5.74 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 1.29 kN
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
Weight of soil = 2.56 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.13 kN
Total weight = 3.97 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 24.82 kN/m2 3.97 /( 0.40 x 0.40 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 400 x 100 / 100 = 140mm2, hence provide 3 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

7.0 Design of thrust block for 250mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 250 mm
Force in Y direction = 2.873 kN
Force in X direction = 0.283 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.45 m

Length L = 0.45 m
Depth D = 0.45 m
Volume = 0.09 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.02 m3
Net Block volume 0.09 - 0.02 = 0.07 m3
Weight of block 0.07 x 25 = 1.73 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 3.14 kN
(0.45x0.45x0.775x20)
Total downward load 1.73 + 3.14 = 4.86 kN
90% of dead load = 4.38 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.52 4.38 / 2.873
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 1.31 kN 4.38 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 1.31 / 0.283 = 4.64 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 1.73 kN
Weight of soil = 3.14 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.22 kN
Total weight = 5.09 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 25.11 kN/m2 5.09 /( 0.45 x 0.45 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 450 x 100 / 100 = 157.5mm2, hence provide 4 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

8.0 Design of thrust block for 300mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 300 mm
Force in Y direction = 4.137 kN
Force in X direction = 0.407 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.55 m

Length L = 0.55 m
Depth D = 0.50 m
Volume = 0.15 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.04 m3
Net Block volume 0.15 - 0.04 = 0.11 m3
Weight of block 0.11 x 25 = 2.81 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 4.54 kN
(0.55x0.55x0.75x20)
Total downward load 2.81 + 4.54 = 7.35 kN
90% of dead load = 6.61 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.60 6.61 / 4.137
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 1.98 kN 6.61 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 1.98 / 0.407 = 4.87 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 2.81 kN
Weight of soil = 4.54 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.39 kN
Total weight = 7.74 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 25.57 kN/m2 7.74 /( 0.55 x 0.55 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 550 x 100 / 100 = 192.5mm2, hence provide 4 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
9.0 Design of thrust block for 350mm dia pipe
Pipe dia d = 350 mm
Force in Y direction = 5.631 kN
Force in X direction = 0.555 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.60 m

Length L = 0.60 m
Depth D = 0.60 m
Volume = 0.22 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.06 m3
Net Block volume 0.22 - 0.06 = 0.16 m3
Weight of block 0.16 x 25 = 3.96 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 5.04 kN
(0.6x0.6x0.7x20)
Total downward load 3.96 + 5.04 = 9.00 kN
90% of dead load = 8.10 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.44 8.10 / 5.631
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 2.43 kN 8.10 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 2.43 / 0.555 = 4.38 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 3.96 kN
Weight of soil = 5.04 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.58 kN
Total weight = 9.57 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 26.59 kN/m2 9.57 /( 0.60 x 0.60 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 600 x 100 / 100 = 210mm2, hence provide 5 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

10.0 Design of thrust block for 400mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 400 mm
Force in Y direction = 7.355 kN
Force in X direction = 0.724 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.70 m

Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
Length L = 0.70 m
Depth D = 0.60 m
Volume = 0.29 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.09 m3
Net Block volume 0.29 - 0.09 = 0.21 m3
Weight of block 0.21 x 25 = 5.15 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 6.86 kN
(0.7x0.7x0.7x20)
Total downward load 5.15 + 6.86 = 12.01 kN
90% of dead load = 10.81 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.47 10.81 / 7.355
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 3.24 kN 10.81 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 3.24 / 0.724 = 4.48 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 5.15 kN
Weight of soil = 6.86 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 0.88 kN
Total weight = 12.89 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 26.31 kN/m2 12.89 /( 0.70 x 0.70 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 700 x 100 / 100 = 245mm2, hence provide 5 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

11.0 Design of thrust block for 450mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 450 mm
Force in Y direction = 9.308 kN
Force in X direction = 0.917 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 0.80 m

Length L = 0.80 m
Depth D = 0.65 m
Volume = 0.42 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.13 m3
Net Block volume 0.42 - 0.13 = 0.29 m3
Weight of block 0.29 x 25 = 7.22 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 8.64 kN
Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
(0.8x0.8x0.675x20)
Total downward load 7.22 + 8.64 = 15.86 kN
90% of dead load = 14.27 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.53 14.27 / 9.308
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 4.28 kN 14.27 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 4.28 / 0.917 = 4.67 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 7.22 kN
Weight of soil = 8.64 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 1.27 kN
Total weight = 17.13 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 26.77 kN/m2 17.13 /( 0.80 x 0.80 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 800 x 100 / 100 = 280mm2, hence provide 6 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.

12.0 Design of thrust block for 600mm dia pipe

Pipe dia d = 600 mm
Force in Y direction = 16.548 kN
Force in X direction = 1.630 kN
Depth of pipe centre from GL = 1.00 m

Thrust block Width W = 1.00 m

Length L = 1.00 m
Depth D = 0.85 m
Volume = 0.85 m3
Deduction for pipe volume ∏xd^2/4xL = 0.28 m3
Net Block volume 0.85 - 0.28 = 0.57 m3
Weight of block 0.57 x 25 = 14.18 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 11.50 kN
(1x1x0.575x20)
Total downward load 14.18 + 11.50 = 25.68 kN
90% of dead load = 23.11 kN
FOS against vertical displacement of pipe = 1.40 23.11 / 16.55
> 1.4, hence safe against vertical displacement

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Improvement to Water Distribution System, Reduction in UFW & Leakage Control in Central Division (D1a)
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT Project Area SUB AREA PLANT/UNIT CODE
BANGALORE
SE-SPML (JV) Job No Doc No Rev
A
THRUST BLOCK
Resisting force against sliding F = 6.93 kN 23.11 x 0.30
FOS against sliding of pipe 6.93 / 1.630 = 4.25 > 1.4, hence safe against sliding

Check against bearing

Weight of block = 14.18 kN
Weight of soil = 11.50 kN
Weight of filled pipe ∏xd^2/4xLx10 = 2.83 kN
Total weight = 28.51 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 28.51 kN/m2 28.51 /( 1.00 x 1.00 )
< 50 kN/m2, hence safe against bearing
(Considering the SBR of filled soil as 50 kN/m2)

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the
shrinkage and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm
0.35 x 1000 x 100 / 100 = 350mm2, hence provide 7 bars of Y8 on each face as shown in drawing.
1.0 Introduction
Design of thrust blocks for above shown pipe which is buried at 1m below the GL.

2.0 Design Assumptions:

The thrust blocks are designed to force excerted by the pipe at bends, to keep the pipe in position.

3.0 Material:-
Grade of concrete = M20
Grade of reinforcing steel = Fe500

4.0 Design of thrust block

Pipe dia d = 150 mm
Angle of bend α = 90
Pressure inside the pipe p = 10.0 Kg/cm2
Depth of pipe top from GL h = 1.0 m
Depth of pipe centre from GL H = 1.075 m
Area of pipe A = 176.71 cm2
Thrust force T = 2 p A sin(α/2) = 2499.12 kg
T = 24.52 kN

Thrust block Width W = 0.80 m

Length L = 0.75 m
Depth D = 0.50 m

Determination of Passive earth pressure

Density of soil δs = 18 kN/m3

Angle of internal friction θ = 30 degree
Net Safe Bearing Pressure = 50 kN/m2
Coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp = 3 (1+sin(θ)) / (1-sin(θ))
Passive Pressure at Top of Block P1 = 71.55 kN/m2
Passive Pressure at Top of Block P2 = 44.55 kN/m2
Passive force generated Pa = 21.77 kN
Differential thrust force 24.52 - 21.77 = 2.75 kN
Check Against Sliding :
Thrust block Volumne = 0.30 m3
Deduction for pipe volume πxd^2/4xL = 0.01 m3
Net Block volume 0.30 - 0.01 = 0.29 m3
Weight of block 0.29 x 25 = 7.17 kN
Weight of soil over the block = 8.9 kN (0.8x0.75x0.825x18)
Total downward load 7.17 + 8.91 = 16.1 kN
90% of dead load = 14.47 kN

Coefficient of fricton (soil) μ = 0.30

Resisting force against sliding F = 4.34 kN 0.30 x 14.5
FOS against sliding of pipe 4.34 / 2.75 = 1.58 > 1.40 Hence OK

Check Against Bearing

Weight of block = 7.17 kN
Weight of soil = 8.91 kN
Weight of filled pipe πxd^2/4xLx10 = 0.13 kN
Total weight = 16.21 kN
Bearing pressure below block = 27.02 kN/m2 16.21 / (0.8 x 0.75)
Allowable Gross bearing pressure = 73.85 kN/m2 Hence Safe in Bearing

As the block is designed for gravity action only, the skin reinforcement is provided to arrest the shrinkage
and thermal cracks. i.e 0.35% of surface zone i.e 100mm 5 Kg/sqm

0.35 x 100 x 500 /100 = 175 mm2, hence provide 3 bars of Y10 per m on each face in each direction