Problem 2.

19 [Difficulty: 3]

Given: Velocity field

Find: Plot of pathline traced out by particle that passes through point (1,1) at t = 0; compare to streamlines through same
point at the instants t = 0, 1 and 2s

Solution:
dx dy v dy
Governing equations: For pathlines up = vp = For streamlines =
dt dt u dx

Assumption: 2D flow

dx m 1 dy 1
Hence for pathlines up = = A⋅ ( 1 + B⋅ t) A = 1⋅ B = 1⋅ vp = = C⋅ t ⋅ y C = 1⋅
dt s s dt 2
s

dy
So, separating variables dx = A⋅ ( 1 + B⋅ t) ⋅ dt = C⋅ t⋅ dt
y

⎛ t
2⎞
1
x = A⋅ ⎜ t + B⋅
2
Integrating + C1 ln( y ) = ⋅ C⋅ t + C2
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
⋅ C⋅ t + C2 C2 2 ⋅ C⋅ t ⋅ C⋅ t
2 2
y=e =e ⋅e = c2 ⋅ e

1 2
⎛ ⋅ C⋅ t
t ⎞
2
The pathlines are ⎜
x = A⋅ t + B⋅ + C1 y = c2 ⋅ e
2
⎝ 2⎠

1 2
⎛ ⋅ C⋅ t
t ⎞
2
x = A⋅ ⎜ t + B⋅
2
Using given data +1 y=e
⎝ 2⎠

v dy C⋅ y ⋅ t
For streamlines = =
u dx A⋅ ( 1 + B⋅ t)

dy C
So, separating variables ( 1 + B⋅ t) ⋅ = ⋅ t⋅ dx which we can integrate for any given t (t is treated as a constant)
y A

C
Integrating ( 1 + B⋅ t) ⋅ ln( y ) = ⋅ t⋅ x + c
A
1
( 1+ B⋅ t)
1+ B⋅ t C ⎛ C ⋅ t⋅ x + const⎞
The solution is y = ⋅ t⋅ x + const y= ⎜
A ⎝A ⎠
 1 1
2 3
For particles at (1,1) at t = 0, 1, and 2s, using A, B, and C data: y=1 y=x y = (2⋅ x − 1)

Streamline and Pathline Plots

3
y (m)

0 1 2 3 4 5

x (m)