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Load Bus, Generator Bus and Slack Bus

The document discusses three types of buses in power systems: load buses, generator buses, and slack buses. For load buses, the real and reactive power consumed are known, but the voltage magnitude and phase angle are unknown. Generator buses specify the real power generated and voltage magnitude, while the reactive power and phase angle are unknown. Slack buses set the reference voltage magnitude and phase angle, and the real and reactive power exchanged are calculated to account for transmission losses in the system.

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858 views3 pages

Load Bus, Generator Bus and Slack Bus

The document discusses three types of buses in power systems: load buses, generator buses, and slack buses. For load buses, the real and reactive power consumed are known, but the voltage magnitude and phase angle are unknown. Generator buses specify the real power generated and voltage magnitude, while the reactive power and phase angle are unknown. Slack buses set the reference voltage magnitude and phase angle, and the real and reactive power exchanged are calculated to account for transmission losses in the system.

Uploaded by

Nalex Gee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Load Bus, Generator Bus and Slack Bus

Power System is nothing but the interconnection of various bus. Each of these buses are

associated with four electrical parameters namely voltage with magnitude and phase

angle, active power and reactive power. These fours parameters are not completely know

but in practical situation only two are known and the remaining two parameters are

calculated using Load Flow Analysis. Bus classification is based on the known

parameters. On this ground, buses are classified into three types: Load Bus, Generator

Bus and Slack Bus.

Load Bus: For load bus real power P and reactive power Q are known but magnitude and phase

angle of bus voltage is unknown. It is desired to find bus voltage using load flow analysis. At

load bus, voltage is allowed to vary within some specified limit say 5%. This is the reason bus

voltage is not important and hence not mentioned.

Generator Bus: Generator Bus is also called voltage controlled bus. Generator is

connected to this bus and therefore bus voltage corresponding to generation voltage and

active power generation corresponding to generator rating is specified for this bus.
Slack Bus: Slack Bus is also known as Swing or Reference Bus. Slack bus does not exists

in real life rather it is assumed for the consideration of losses occurring during power

transmission. Actually there exists only two buses in power system, Load Bus and

Generator Bus for which active power is specified. Since active power delivered by

Generator Bus and consumed by Load Bus differ, this means that a power loss equal to

the difference between Generator Bus P and Load Bus P is occurring. This loss can only

be calculated after the solution of Load Flow. Therefore to supply power loss, an extra

generator bus is considered for which bus magnitude and voltage is specified and active

power and reactive power are to be calculated. Mind that this active power of slack bus

is the equivalent power loss occurring in different system.

Generally phase angle of slack bus is taken for reference for the entire load flow solution.

Therefore this bus is also called Reference Bus.


Table below gives a quick comparison of the three buses.

Bus Type Known Parameter Unknown Parameter

Load Bus P, Q V, phase angle∠

Generator Bus P, V (magnitude) Q, Voltage phase angle∠

Voltage magnitude & phase


Slack Bus P, Q
angle∠

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