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Chapter 15: Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows Closing the Tower
Enthalpy Balance
Overview
Working Guide to Process There are two ways to remove heat from a distillation tower: top reflux and circulating reflux. In this chapter, we
Equipment, Third Edition call a circulating-reflux stream a pumparound.
By Norman P. Lieberman The vast majority of fractionators have top reflux. Cold liquid from the reflux drum is pumped onto the top tray of
Purchase This Book the tower. The cold liquid flashes to a hotter vapor. For example, let s say 1500 lb/h of liquid butane at 100 F
flashes to 1500 lb/h of vapor at 260 F.
TABLE OF CONTENTS The specific heat of butane is 0.6 Btu/[(lb)( F)]. The latent heat of butane is 130 Btu/lb ( latent heat means the heat
needed to change a pound of liquid into a pound of vapor at the same temperature). The heat removed by the top
A Working Guide to Process Equipment, Third reflux is
Edition
()
Introduction
Chapter 1: Process Equipment Fundamentals
Chapter 2: Basic Terms and Conditions ()
Chapter 3: How Trays Work: Flooding Downcomer
Backup
15.1 The Pumparound
Chapter 4: How Trays Work: Dumping Weeping
through Tray Decks 15.1.1 Pumparound Heat Removal
Chapter 5: Why Control Tower Pressure Options
Figure 15.1 shows an alternate method, called circulating reflux or pumparound, to remove heat from a tower. Hot
for Optimizing Tower Operating Pressure liquid, at 500 F, is drawn from tray 10, which is called the pumparound draw tray. The liquid pumparound is cooled
Chapter 6: What Drives Distillation Towers to 400 F. The cooled liquid is returned to the tower at a higher elevation onto tray 9. It appears from Fig. 15.1 that
the cold 400 F pumparound return liquid is entering the downcomer from tray 8. This is often good design
Reboiler Function
practice. Tray 9 is called the pumparound return tray.
Chapter 7: How Reboilers Work Thermosyphon,
Gravity Feed, and Forced
Chapter 8: Inspecting Tower Internals
Chapter 9: How Instruments Work Levels,
Pressures, Flows, and Temperatures
Chapter 10: Packed Towers: Better than Trays?
Packed-Bed Vapor and Liquid Distribution
Chapter 11: Steam and Condensate Systems
Water Hammer and Condensate Backup Steam-
Side Reboiler Control
Chapter 12: Bubble Point and Dew Point
Equilibrium Concepts in Vapor-Liquid Mixtures
Chapter 13: Steam Strippers Source of Latent
Heat of Vaporization
Chapter 14: Draw-Off Nozzle Hydraulics Nozzle
Cavitation Due to Lack of Hydrostatic Head Figure 15.1: A pumparound or circulating reflux.
Chapter 15: Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows The purpose of the pumparound is to cool and partially condense the upflowing vapors. The vapors to...
Closing the Tower Enthalpy Balance Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2008 under license agreement with Books24x7
Chapter 16: Condensers and Tower Pressure
Control Hot-Vapor Bypass: Flooded Condenser < Previous Excerpt Next Excerpt > Purchase This Book
Control
Chapter 17: Air Coolers Fin-Fan Coolers
Chapter 18: Deaerators and Steam Systems
Generating Steam in Boilers and BFW Preparation Featured Products View All Featured Products >
Chapter 19: Vacuum Systems: Steam Jet Ejectors
Steam Jet Ejectors
Chapter 20: Steam Turbines Use of Horsepower
Valves and Correct Speed Control
Chapter 21: Surface Condensers The Condensing
CRUCLIBLES WITH LIDS High Form Crucible Chemical-Porcelain 15mL High Form Crucible Chemical-P
Steam Turbine Cap.
Chapter 22: Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
Heat-Transfer Fouling Resistance
Chapter 23: Heat Exchanger Innovations
Chapter 24: Fired Heaters: Fire- and Flue-Gas Side
••••••••••••
Draft and Afterburn; Optimizing Excess Air
Chapter 25: Fired Heaters: Process Side Coking
Furnace Tubes and Tube Failures
Chapter 26: Refrigeration Systems An Introduction
to Centrifugal Compressors
Chapter 27: Cooling Water Systems
Chapter 28: Catalytic Effects: Equilibrium and
Kinetics
Chapter 29: Centrifugal Pumps: Fundamentals of
Operation Head, Flow, and Pressure
Chapter 30: Centrifugal Pumps: Driver Limits
Electric Motors and Steam Turbines
Chapter 31: Centrifugal Pumps: Suction Pressure
Limits Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head
Chapter 32: Control Valves
Chapter 33: Separators: Vapor-Hydrocarbon-Water
Liquid Settling Rates
Chapter 34: Gas Compression: The Basic Idea The
Second Law of Thermodynamics Made Easy
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Overamping the Motor Driver
Reference Library
Chapter 37: Compressor Efficiency Effect on
Driver Load
Chapter 38: Safety Concerns Relief Valves,
Corrosion, and Safety Trips
Chapter 39: Corrosion Process Units
Chapter 40: Fluid Flow in Pipes Basic Ideas to
Evaluate Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Flow
40.2: Field Pressure Drop Survey
40.3: Line Sizing for Low-Viscosity and
Turbulent Flow
40.4: Frictional Pressure Loss in Rough and
Smooth Pipe
40.5: Special Case for Laminar Flow
40.6: Smooth Pipes and Turbulent Flow
40.7: Very Rough Pipes and Very Turbulent Flow
40.8: Non-Newtonian Fluids
40.9: Some Types of Flow Behavior
40.10: Viscoelastic Fluids
40.11: Identifying the Type of Flow Behavior
Chapter 41: Super-Fractionation Separation Stage
Chapter 42: Computer Modeling and Control
Chapter 43: Field Troubleshooting Process
Problems
Glossary
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