Object Tracking System with IoT 2018-19

Chapter1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Internet of things

The Internet of Things is connecting everyday objects intelligently to the Internet to
enable communication between things and people, and between things themselves. The
devices can be any physical objects like smart-phones, Internet TVs, sensors and
actuators. For the objects to collect and exchange data electronics, software, sensors and
network connectivity are embedded into them. This technology has endless possibilities
and infinite applications. Everyday devices are made smart and intuitive and by enabling
them to share data intelligently they can be used to improve peoples’ lives. It can be used
to provide better personal safety, monitor health, save time and make better use of our
natural resources. IOT has made a huge impact in the way people live, work and
communicate.

The emergence of new technologies and smart devices had made peoples’ lives very
comfortable and convenient. With the increasing demand for a high standard of living,
The wide-scale proliferation of smart phones and other wireless devices in the last couple
of years has resulted in a wide range of services including Object Tracking. Object
Tracking System is the system which is used to obtain a device or user location. Object
Tracking System has been extensively investigated over the last few decades, mainly in
industrial settings and for wireless sensor networks and robotics. However, it is only less
than a decade ago since the wide-scale proliferation of smart phones and wearable
devices with wireless communication capabilities have made the localization and tracking
of such devices synonym to tracking of the corresponding users and enabled a wide range
of related applications and services. User and device tracking have wide-scale
applications in health sector, industry, disaster management, building management,
surveillance and a number of various other sectors.

1.2 Problem Statement

The Object Tracking system enables the user to locate the objects easily. It helps in
finding the missing objects with the help of GPS and a tracking device. It aims at
providing a low cost and efficient solution in tracking objects.

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Object Tracking System with IoT 2018-19

Chapter 2

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
System architecture is the conceptual design that defines the structure and behavior of a system.
An architecture description is a formal description of a system, organized in a way that supports
reasoning about the structural properties of the system. It defines the system components or
building blocks and provides a plan from which products can be procured, and systems
developed, that will work together to implement the overall system.

The System architecture is shown below.

Fig 2.1 Circuit Diagram

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Chapter 3

DESIGN
3.1 Dataflow Overview:

Fig 3.1.1 DataFlow Diagram Level 0

Fig 3.1.2 DataFlow Diagram Level 1

The above Dataflow diagrams explain the tracking of the current location of the vehicle
and the tracked location values are loaded into the DB. The values are in the form of
Longitude and Latitude. These values are retrieved from the DB and are deployed onto
Google Map 2.0 API and it will be displayed on the map.

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3.2 Use Case Diagram

Sense GPS Signals

Capture Lat,Long
Object

Send SMS(Lat,Long)

Fig 3.2.1 Client-side Use Case Diagram

Fig 3.2.2 Server-side Use case Diagram

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3.3 Sequence Diagrams

User DB Google Map Show Google Map

Retrieve values from DB

Call Google Map API

Plot Google Map and Show Map

Fig 3.3.1 Server Side

Vehicle GPS GSM DB

Sense Location

Location

Load SIM Module to send SMS

Loaded

Send(Lat,Long) values and load

Store Values

Fig 3.3.2 Client Side

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Chapter 4

IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Hardware Module:

The hardware module consists of Arduino UNO, GSM(SIM 800C), GPS. The hardware is
designed in a way to simplify connections and increases efficiency of the system.

4.2 ARDUINO UNO:

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller.

Along with ATmega328P, it consists other components such as crystal oscillator, serial
communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has
14 digital input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input
pins, a USB connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial
data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.

4.3 GSM (SIM 800C):

SIM 800C Module is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT type, which
can be embedded in the customer applications.These modules are sub-system of the
Internet-of-everything hardware. SIM800C supports Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900MHz,
it can transmit Voice, SMS and data information with low power consumption. With tiny
size of 17.6*15.7*2.3mm, it can smoothly fit into slim and compact demands of customer
design.

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Chapter 5

Conclusion
The Object Tracker System using GPS Positioning to determine the current location of the
device. During the tracking the built-in GPS has to be enabled. The system does not need an
internet connection to determine and track the object’s location. The location information is
sent via SMS to the tracker’s mobile phone. The monitoring server and object application needs
very small amount of CPU and memory, so these applications can be used along with other
applications of the devices without reducing its speed.

The system is working on GSM to transmit messages between monitoring server and object.
Internet connection can be used to transmit these messages. XOR encryption is used to encrypt
and decrypt messages. Other encryption algorithms such as DES and AES can be used. The
application works on Android platform. Other platform versions such as Windows or IOS can
be developed. Monitoring server can only know the current location of his/her object.

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Source Code

Connection between Arduino UNO and GSM:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(7, 8);

void setup()
{
mySerial.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of GSM Module
Serial.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of Serial Monitor (Arduino)
delay(100);
}
void loop()
{

if(Serial.available()>0)
switch(Serial.read())
{
case 's':
SendMessage();
break;
case 'r':
ReceiveMessage();
break;
}
if (mySerial.available()>0)
Serial.write(mySerial.read());
}

void SendMessage()
{
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(1000); // Delay of 1000 milli seconds or 1 second
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+918892884745\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("go to home soon");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
mySerial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
}

void RecieveMessage()
{
mySerial.println("AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0"); // AT Command to receive a live SMS
delay(1000);
}
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