A New Family of Soft Switching PWM Non-Isolated DC - DC Converters With Active Auxiliary Edge-Resonant Cell
A New Family of Soft Switching PWM Non-Isolated DC - DC Converters With Active Auxiliary Edge-Resonant Cell
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
Q1
Q2 Mode 1 Mode 0
vQ1
iQ1
iQ2
iLr
iCm
Mode 3 Mode 6
iCr
vCr
Mode 4 Mode 5
iDr1
Fig. 3. Operating mode transitions and equivalent circuits during one
iDr2 switching period.
iDo
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 auxiliary switch Q2.
During Mode 1 mentioned above, the circuit stage is
Fig. 2. Relevant voltage and current waveforms of proposed boost given by the following equations:
DC–DC converter during one switching period.
Vo
iLr = iQ2 = Lr (t − t0), (1)
• The main and auxiliary switches are commutated Vo
under ZVS and ZCS modes. iD1 = Id − iLr = Id − Lr (t − t0), (2)
• The auxiliary diodes are naturally turned off under ZCS where the current through the inductor Ld and the
mode, so the reverse recovery current can be minimized. voltage across the output capacitor Co are represented
• The recovery less turn-off operation can be achieved by constant values Id and Vo , respectively.
for the output diode (Do) with the aide of the AERC. • [Mode 2, Lr-Cm edge resonant mode]: The current
The turn-on commutation of the main switch Q1 is through the output diode iDo decays to zero at t = t1,
achieved under the ZVZCS mode, while its turn-off then the Lr-Cm circuit network begins to work.
commutation is attained under the ZVS mode. The turn- During this interval, the current through the resonant
on commutation of the auxiliary switch Q2 is attained by inductor Lr and and the voltage across the snubber
the ZCS mode, while its turn-off commutation is resonant snubber capacitor Co are given by:
completed by the ZVS mode, respectively. Vo
The operating waveforms of the new soft-switching
PWM boost DC–DC converter is illustrated in Fig. 2. The iLr = Z1 sin ω1(t − t1) + Id, (3)
operation modes of the DC–DC converter consists of the vcr = Vo cos ω1(t − t1), (4)
√ �
eight stages as depicted in Fig. 3. The circuit operation where ω1 = 1/ LrCm and Z1 = Lr/Cm .
of each mode is analyzed as follow: • [Mode 3, Main switch Q1 ZVZCS turn-on mode]: The
• [Mode 0, Input voltage boost mode]: The power from the voltage across the main switch Q1 is down to zero at t
input DC power source is delivered into the load R o via = t2, and the antiparallel diode D1 of Q1 is forward-
only Ld and Do, and the input voltage Vin is step up. biased. During the term, the gate of Q1 is triggered, so
• [Mode 1, Auxiliary switch Q2 ZCS turn-on]: The auxil-iary the ZVZCS turn-on operation is attained for Q1.
switch Q2 is turned on at t = t0, then the current through • [Mode 4, Auxiliary Switch Q2 ZVS turn-off mode]: The
the switch iQ2 rises linearly due to the effect of Lr. Thus, gate signal for Q2 is removed at t = t2. Then, the
ZCS turn-on commutation can be achieved for inductor current iLr circulates into the small resonant
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Q2
(S2)
Dr1 Cm Ld Do
Lr Q1 Ld
Cr (S1/D1)
VIN Lr Cr
Dr1 Dr2
Dr2 VIN Cm Co Ro
Do Q1
Co Ro
Q2
(S1/D1) (S2)
(a) (b)
Q1
(S1/D1)
Do
Cm Lr
Ld Lo
Cr
Q2 Lr
Dr1
(S2) Cr
Cm
Co
VIN Dr1 Dr2 Co
VIN Dr2 Ro Ro
Do
Q1 Q2
Ld (S1/D1) (S2) Cc
(c) (d)
Q1 Lo
(S1/D1)
Ld Do Cm Lr
Cr
Lr
Cm Q2 Dr1 Cr
(S2) Dr2
Do Co
Ro
VIN Dr1 Dr2
Co Ro VIN
Q1 Q2 Lo
(S1/D1) (S2) Cc
Ld
Cc
(e) (f)
´
Fig. 4. Six-type PWM DC–DC converter topologies with prosed AERC: (a)buck, (b)boost, (c)buck-boost, (d)Cuk, (e)SEPIC, and (f)Zeta.
TABLE I
PEAK VOLTAGE VALUE IN ACTIVE MAIN AND AUXILIARY SWITCHES, AUXILIARY DIODES AND LINK CAPACITOR.
Topologies Q1 Q2 Ds1 Ds2 VCc Voltage gain
Buck Vin Vin Vin Vin −−− D
Boost Vo Vo Vo Vo −−− 1/(1 − D)
Buck-Boost Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo −−− D/(1 − D)
C´uk Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo D/(1 − D)
SEPIC Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin D/(1 − D)
Zeta Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vin + Vo Vo D/(1 − D)
network constructed by Lr–Cr. As a result, the • [Mode 6, Steady state power delivering mode]: The in-
resonant capacitor voltage Cr is charged as ductor energy is reset and the current iLr decays to
expressed by eq.6, so the voltage across Q 2 zero at t = t5. Then, the power from the input voltage
gradually rises. Thus, the ZVS turn-off commutation source is delivered to the load via Ld and Do.
is achieved for the auxiliary Switch Q2. • [Mode 7, Main switch Q2 ZVS turn-off mode]: The gate
signal for Q2 is removed at t = t6, and the current through
iLr = ILr max cos ω2(t − t3), (5) Ld flows into the resonant capacitor Cm, and the voltage
vcr = Z2 ILr max sin ω2(t − t1), (6) across the main switch vQ1 builds up linearly. Thus, the
√ �
where ω2 = 1/ LrCr , Z2 = Lr/Cr . ZVS turn-off operation for Q2 is achieved.
• [Mode 5, Auxiliary diodes conduction mode]: The capaci- The similar type of the proposed boost PWM DC–DC
tor voltage vCr is equal to Vo at t = t4, and the auxiliary converter has been discussed in [7] for discontinuous mode
diode Dr2 is forward biased. Accordingly, the residual (DCM) operations. However, the proposed boost PWM DC–
energy in Lr is transferred to the load via Dr1 and Dr2. DC converter is also quite effective for continuous mode
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V. SIMULATION ANALYSIS
The switching operations of the proposed soft-switching
PWM boost DC–DC converter are investigated by a computer
simulation. The observed switching waveforms are shown in
Figs. 9 and 10 with consideration for load power conditions. It
can be confirmed from the simulations results that the ZVZCS
commutations as described above can be achieved for all of Fig. 7. Comparison of voltage gain vs. duty cycle characteristics.
the power devices in the new boost DC–DC converter.
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i(Q1) i(Q2)
V (Q1) V(Q2)
Current
Voltage[V]
nt [A]
Curre
Voltage[V]
[A]
(a) Main swicth Q1 (b) Auxilairy switch Q2
Voltage[V]
Voltage[V]
Current[A]
Current[A]
(c) Resonant inductor Lr (d) Resonant capacitor Cr
Voltage[V]
Current [A]
Current[A
Parameter & symbol value & unit
Voltage [V]
V(Q2)
]
DC output voltage V o 110 V– 330 V
Output power (maximum) Po 660 W
Switching frequency fs 100 kHz
(a) Main swicth Q1 (b) Auxilairy switch Q2
Resonant inductor Lr 3 μH
Snubber capacitor Cr 100 nF
V(Lr) V(Cr)
Snubber capacitor Cr 50 nF i(Cr)
Input smoothing capacitor Ld 500 μH i(Lr)
Curr
Current [A]
[A]
Voltage[V]
ent
Output smoothing capacitor Co 1000 μF
Voltage
[V]
ciencies 97.2 % is recoded with VIN = 150 V, Io = 2.7 A.It Fig. 10. Simulated waveforms under heavy load condition: Vin = 100 V,
can be known from the result that the high efficiency power Vo = 150 V, Io = 5 A, and D = 0.3, time 5 μ/div..
conversion can be expected even for input voltage
fluctuations. The efficiency drop in the light load area
originates from the power losses at the auxiliary power power systems. By investigating the relevant soft switching
devices and components, which has the deep effect on boost PWM DC–DC converter on its switching operations
the efficiency in the low output power settings. and conversion efficiencies by means of simulations and
The actual efficiencies are provided in Fig. 14 with respect to
experi-ments using the laboratory prototype, the practical
the variation of the duty cycle. It can be known from the result
feasibility of the soft switching cell has been described and
that a better conversion efficiency can be ensured under the
discussed. In addition, the family of the soft switching PWM
small duty cycle. This is owing to the conduction losses of the
non-isolated DC–DC converters employing the AERC have
circuit components, which is dominant in the total power losses
been originally demonstrated herein as well as the
under the heavy load conditions.
extended one-switch dual boost converter.
Achievement of much high efficiency can be expected
The experimental evaluation and discussion on the
by improving the power device selection and the core
other five PWM DC–DC converters presented here will
material for the input DCL.
be the future works.
VII. CONCLUSION
The soft switching PWM boost DC–DC converter with new REFERENCES
active edge resonant snubbing cell(AERC) has been presented in
[1] P. Das and G. Moschopoulos,“A Comparative Study of Zero-
this paper, which could be suited for the DC power supply Current-Transition PWM Converters ”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,
architectures such as renewable energy and automobile electric Vol.54, No.3, pp.1319-1328 ,Jun. 2007.
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vgs
vds Fig. 14. Measured conversion efficiencies under constant input voltage
(VIN = 100 V.).
vds
(b)
Fig. 12. Measured operation waveforms: (a) main switch switch Q1, (b)
auxiliary switch Q2 (gate signal vgs:10 V/div., drain-source voltage vds-
100 V/div.) .
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