BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

25th ISUF International Conference

Krasnoyarsk 2018. 5-9 July

Urban Form and Social Context:

from traditions to newest demands

SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

УДК 711(083)
ББК 85.118я431
Б906

Scientific Editors:
I. Kukina, I. Fedchenko, Ia. Chui

Б906 Book of Abstracts. 25th ISUF International Conference:

Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest
demands. Krasnoyarsk 2018, 5-9 July / ed. : I. Kukina, I. Fedchenko,
Ia. Chui. – Krasnoyarsk : Sib. Feder. University, 2018. – 214 p.

ISBN 978-5-7638-3952-4

The content of this publication have been evaluated by the Scientific

Committee which it relates and the procedure set out
http://conf.sfu-kras.ru/en/isuf2018.
УДК 711(083)
ББК 85.118я431

ISBN 978-5-7638-3952-4
CONFERENCE CHAIR Andrey G. Bolshakov
Belgorod State Technological University
Irina Kukina named after V. G. Shoukhov (Russia)
Siberian Federal University Sergei M. Geraschenko
Siberian Federal University
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Nina A. Konovalova
Scientific Research Institute of Theory and
Michael Barke History of Architecture and Urban Planning
Northumbria University, (UK)
Anna M. Kulikova
Vicente Colomer Siberian Federal University
Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain)
Elena N. Logunova
Kai Gu Siberian Federal University
University Auckland (New Zealand)
Sergei S. Pavlyut
Anna Agata Kantarek Siberian Federal University
Politechnika Krakowska (Poland)
Galina A. Ptichnikova
Teresa Marat-Mendes Scientific Research Institute of Theory and
University Institute of Lisbon (Portugal) History of Architecture and Urban Planning

Wendy McCLURE Yaroslav V. Sokolovsky

University of Idaho (USA) Siberian Federal University

Vítor Oliveira Irina G. Fedchenko

University of Porto (Portugal) Siberian Federal University

Ivor Samuels Iana V. Chui

University of Birmingham (UK) Siberian Federal University

Giuseppe Strappa Mikhail V. Shubenkov

Università di Roma (Italy) Moscow Architectural Institute

Jeremy Whitehand
University of Birmingham (UK)

Ding Wowo
Nanjing University (China)

Elena A. Akhmedova
Samara State Technical University (Russia)

Igor Bondarenko
Scientific Research Institute of Theory and
History of Architecture and Urban Planning

Olga N. Bliankinshtein
Siberian Federal University
PRESENTATION
The XXV ISUF " Urban Form and Social Context: from Traditions to the Newest
Demands” at Siberian Federal University in Krasnoyarsk is devoted to the study of
the impact of social phenomena and actions of society on the urban form. The theme
of the conference logically continues the issues of the former conferences: Urban
Morphology and Post-Carbon City (Montreal, Canada, 2011), Urban Shape at the
Edge (Brisbane, Australia, 2013), Our Common Future in Urban Morphology
(Porto, Portugal, 2014), City as an Organism (Rome, Italy, 2015), Urban
Morphology and the Resilient City (Nanjing, China, 2016), City and Territory in the
Globalization Age (Valencia, Spain, 2017):

Therefore, the urban form is estimated traditionally in terms of history and

geography. On the other hand, the conference extends the view to the understanding
of the laws of the formation of cities, deepening knowledge in the field of urban
morphology:

- from the perspective of globalist trends and the importance and sustainability of
local features;

- from the perspective of "natural" development of the city structure, forming

sustainable urban forms regardless of the policy of states, regulations, the degree of
development of construction technologies;

- the conference examines the result of the introduction of modernist forms of urban
development, having high social goals and particularly widely used in a number of
countries since the early 1960s. Currently, they require immediate renovation, so
their history of formation and the existing urban form are actively studied. This
research group is united under the name of “post-socialist urban form”;

- the conference discusses the results of scientific research in urban morphology

theory, concepts, methods, sources, techniques, tools and analyses. They have
commonalities with, and take a global approach to different disciplines concerned
with urban morphology.
INDEX
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT,
TENDENCIES

The impact of dwelling-street interfaces on the morphology of domestic floor plans 17

Wir-Konas Agnieszka, Seo Kyung Wook

Roaming on the lane of The City Wall 18

Case study on the inner circumferential district of the City Wall in Xi’an, China
Zhang Chi

Study on the inheritance of Chinese traditional space structure in SHUIANSHANJU 19

reception center in Hangzhou, China
Wang Haoyu

Exploring the typological process of residential unit in Lilong housing in Tianjin, China 20
Meng Zhou, Ying Zheng

Wood frame construction evolution 21

Baltinate Ada I.

Compaction of space in contemporary Japanese megalopolises 22

Konovalova Nina

Historical and genetic model as a method of structuring and choice of settlement 23

development strategy
Kudriavtseva Natalia, Kubetskaia Liubov

Architectural and planning features of educational institutions of the late XIX - early XX 24
century as a characteristic of the identity of the historic center of a small town
Perkova Margarita V., Sementsov Sergey V., Kolesnikova Ludmila I.,
Tribuntseva Kseniya M.

Preserving the wooden housing estate as important part of Yeniseisk historical and 25
architectural environment in XIX - XX centuries
Merkulova Maria E., Baltinate Ada I.

FRINGE BELTS, DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE NEWEST

DEMANDS

A comparative study of Inner Fringe Belts 29

Michael Barke, Tolga Ünlü, Vítor Oliveira

Active borders, polycentric cities, miscellaneous makers 30

Thereza Carvalho

Urban fringe-belts and suburban area: similarities and differences 31

Logunova Elena

Financing mechanisms for the reconstruction of the city's fringe belts 32

Svetlana B. Globa, Victoria V. Berezovaya

2018, Siberian Federal University 3

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
Study on metropolis Greenbelt Area planning: a case study of Shijiazhuang 33
Xiong Guoping, You Fanglu

National mentality as a factor in the morphogenesis of the city suburbs (оn an example of 34
Krasnoyarsk)
Batalova Natalia S.

HISTORICAL URBAN FABRIC

Morphological characteristics of the Roman origin towns today: a comparative analyses 37

from Anatolia and Italy
Kahraman Eskidemir, Ayse Sema Kubat

Micro-regeneration for Traditional Residential Areas: The Case of Nanhu Community in 38

Nanjing, China
Ying Jiang

Transformation mechanism of historical urban fabric in Hankou, Wuhan 39

Mei Qing

Visual impact analysis in urban morphology: the case of Ayvansaray 40

Ayse Sema Kubat

Historic Edifices of Ramna: An Embedded Heritage Route In Urban Dhaka 41

Farzana Mir, Fahmida Nusrat

Comparison study of typical historical street space between China and Germany: Take 42
Friedrichstrasse in Berlin and Central Street in Harbin as examples
Wang Haoyu, Li Zhenyu

The Spatial Fabric Analysis of Harbin JingYu Historical Block Based on the Relationship 43
between Culture and Morphology
Zhang Yidan, Li Zhenyu

Renewal Strategy Research on the Reconstruction of the Old Daowai District’s Historical 44
Block in Harbin Based on European Experience
Zhang Yidan

Morphological Study of Linear Marketplaces upon Fixation Line of Shanghai 45

Xiao Xiao

Resistance of Planned Old Town: A Case Study of Tainan, Taiwan 46

Chih-Hung Chen, Yi-Ting Lee

Features of architectural and planning transformations of small towns of Central Siberia in 47

the middle of 20th century (on the example of Uzhur and Bogotol towns)
Zakharchenko Elizaveta, Zakharchenko Tatyan

Streetwall and Plot Pattern: Case Studies in Nanjing, China 48

Lian Tang, Wowo Ding

4 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
The Impact of Island City in the Post- Apartheid South Africa: Focus on Bantustans 49
Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha, Lovemore Chipungu

From «Urban Heritage Preserves» to Controlled Development of Historical Urban 50

Environments
Kholodova Lyudmila P.

ISUF – POST SOCIALIST URBAN FORM

A Comprehensive View on Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure of the largest Post-Soviet 53

Cities in Russia
Ptichnikova Galina A.

Spatial imbalance of urban development of settlements and ways of its solution in modern 54
conditions
Shubenkov Mikhail V.

Utopia and crisis of the post-socialist city: historical transformations of the 19th and 20th 55
century Moscow
Evgeniya Bobkova

Department store's role in modernization and “demodernization” of city centers in ex- 56

Yugoslavia
Vladan Djokic, Aleksandra Djordjevic, Ana Zoric

Morphological transitions in Portuguese social housing: Lisbon, 1933-1974 57

Cabrita Maria, Marat-Mendes Teresa

Skopje’s urbanism of everything is possible – How does it compare to other post-socialist 58

urbanisms?
Todor Stojanovski

Transformation experience of public spaces of residential areas in the second half of the 59
ХХ century in Germany
Gorsha Anastasiia, Kukina Irina V., Chui Iana V.

Problems of effective land use and environmental planning in cities: the case-study of 60
Baku
Nagiyev Nizami H., Gahramanova Shahla Sh., İsbatov İlgar A.

The Soviet legacy in the urban morphology of major Russian cities 61

Ekaterina Saveleva

Rethinking Evolution of Spatial Structure of Russian Microdistrict on Post - Soviet Space 62

Kukina Irina V., Fedchenko Irina G.

Streets without doors; a twentieth century phenomenon? 63

Ivor Samuels, Anna Agata Kantarek

The post-Soviet stage of urban development of Zheleznogorsk: transformation from the 64

ideal to the rational space
Yamaletdinov Sergey F.
2018, Siberian Federal University 5
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
Preservation, localization and use of historical industrial buildings in Krasnoyarsk 65
Sergunicheva Elena

Transformation of the city of Ufa planning structure 66

Baymuratova Svetlana Kh., Baymuratov Ramil F., Sabitov Ildar N.

THE EVOLUTION OF URBAN FORM UNDER THE SOCIAL

INFLUENCE

Society, geopolitics, icono-cartography, historical atlases and urban forms. Thoughts from 69
a case study
Pier Giorgio Gerosa

Urboecological zoning of the Krasnoyarsk city 70

Sergey M. Gerashchenko, Irina M. Popelnitskaya, Anna Semenova, Natalya G. Shilina

The Campus and the City: the role of piloti as social integrator at the Catholic University 71
of Pernambuco, in Recife, Brazil
Canuto Robson, Nóbrega Maria L.C., Sena Andreyna

A REFUGEE PATTERN LANGUAGE – RPL Cluster 2: Leaving Place – Arrival Country 72

Hajo Neis, Briana Meier, Tomoki Furukawazono

Research on Transformation of City-Landscape Boundary Type and Adjacent Urban 73

Fabric in Hubin Area of Hangzhou
Zhehan Lin

Study on urban morphological characteristics and evolution in Lhasa 74

Yuan Huang, Pu Bian, Yanxiao Pan

The evolution of Chinese Work Unit System and its influence on plot development: the 75
case in Nanjing
Lina Zhang, Wowo Ding

Morphological analysis of settlements in the Arctic: a comparative analysis of four 76

settlements with diverging ideologies on Svalbard
Remco Elric de Koning, Akkelies van Nes

Transformation of the Morphology of Sheesanhang Historical District in Guangzhou 77

Li Xin

The development of sport facilities in Krasnoyarsk in connection with the 29th World 78
Winter Universiade 2019
Bliankinshtein Olga N.

Space of Justice: Planning as a Tool for Providing Social Equity 79

Ivan Riaposov

Evolution of the city borders of Saint-Petersburg – Leningrad (the end of the XIX –the end 80
of the XX centuries): causes and results
Vajtens Andrei G.

6 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
From monocentrism to polycentrism of the Russian city 81
Gaykova Lyudmila V., Kiselyova Olesya V.

Influence of Universiade to city life 82

Grigoreva Anastasiia S., Fedan Anastasiia N.

The Influence of Urban Life on the Urban Form of the Residential Units: An Interpretive 83
Review
Fedchenko Irina

Planning codes and the emergence of anti-urban form 84

Luiz Carvalho Filho, Akkelies van Nes

The Influence Mechanism between Land System Reform and the Transformation of 85
Village Plan Taking villages on Hangjiahu Plain as an example
Dong Xiao

Urban regeneration under the influence of society, culture and policy Comparison of Three 86
Historical Streets (Areas) in the Former French Concession in Shanghai
Duan Xiaotian, Yang Jianfei

Critical junctures and urban form: the morphology evolution in Yuzhong district, 87
Chongqing, China, 1949- 2010
Min Jiang, Naoto Nakajima

Transformation of the Typo-morphology of Columbia Circle in Shanghai Changning 88

District
Qian Chen, Zhang Qin

From formal to informal: resilient urban index for housing typologies in new urban 89
communities: (6th of October city)
Tawfik Menna Said

The evolution of urban public space under the social influence: A case study of Savannah 90
Historic Block
Zifeng Sheng, Yuetong Zhao

Social context as a catalyst for the evolution of the realized utopian model of urban 91
morphostructure : the case of Togliatti, Russia
Artemeva Tatiana G., Adonina Anna V.

The city anomie 92

Baymuratova Svetlana Kh., Baymuratov Ramil F., Zarechkina Uylia

2018, Siberian Federal University 7

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
TOOLS OF ANALYSIS
Assessing Street Spatial Character: Combining Fractal Analysis of Street Edges and 95
Skyline
Bin Cong, Wei You, Wowo Ding

Tools of analysis in urban morphology 96

Systemic decomposition as a method for the fabrics reading
Dias Coelho Carlos

A Quantitative Approach Measuring Streetscape 97

Mengmeng Geng, Lian Tang, Wowo Ding

Urban morphology and process typology: strengthening research and practice 98

Kai Gu

A parametric design framework for spatial structure of open space design in early design 99
stages
Leung Tze Ming, Kukina Irina V., Lipovka Alex Y.

Influence of the electric transport system on the development of the morphology of the 100
city of Krasnoyarsk. Analysis using open big data and GIS
Kilina Ekaterina F., Kukina Irina V., Lipovka Alexei U.

Big data rating systems as an effective method of visualizing the quality of urban 101
structural units
Engelgardt Ann E.

Parametric modeling of urban development 102

Zhorov Yury.V.

Efficient design of urban spaces based on quasi-energy hypothesis 103

Naumov Andrey E.

"Database of the architectural and historical context of cultural heritage sites" 104
(Denkmalpflegerischer Erhebungsbogen), as an instrument of historical and architectural
analysis in Germany
Malko Anastasia V.

Geometrical structure of public spaces in virtual city models. Exploring urban 105
morphology by hierarchy of public spaces
Adam Zwoliński

On employing Delaunay triangulation in identifying city morphology patterns 106

Lipovka A.Y.

Peculiarities of spatial development of the region 107

In conditions of town planning conflicts
Perkova Margarita V., Bolshakov Andrey G., Tribuntseva Kseniya M

8 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
URBAN FORM AND TECHNOLOGY
Urban transformation in Seoul and Singapore: On the impact of digitalization and 111
mobility strategies
Hekler Martina

An approach to describe the spatial configuration based upon the block 112
Huimin Ji, Wei You, Wowo Ding

The role of the public transport system configuration in the compact urban form of the 113
socialist city in the 1960s
Elvira Khairullina, Luis Santos Ganges

A study on design of relationship between topographic strategy and space of congregate 114
housing in sloping fields
Wang Zitong

Understanding the effect of global and local landmarks through the use of mobile 115
technology/a mobile-based game
Yesiltepe Demet, Dalton Ruth, Ozbil Ayse

The Economy Interpretations of Morphological Transformation of Work-unit 116

Neighborhood in China: A Case Study of Kunming (1960-2010)
Tan Wenyong, Shi Yibin1, Zheng Yang, Ma Qianyu

Principles and methods of landscape and urbanization reconstruction of the spatial 117
planning structure of destructive cities in the context of sustainable development (On the
example of Baghdad and Mosul)
Sumayah Layij Jasim, Elina Krasilnikova

Free-form shell structures as art objects in the urban environment 118

Moskaleva A. V., Geraschenko S.M., Frolovskaia A. V., Gil Martín L. M., Hernández
Montes E.

The urban in animation: images of social space present and future 119
Mikidenko Natalya L., Storozheva Svetlana P.

Smart Geometry creates smog free city 120

Rakhimzhanova Leila Sh

A statistical research on the typical patterns of modern housing fabrics, case study of 121
Nanjing, China
Peng Dandan, Hu Youpei

Investigation of the spatial density of public and business objects in the largest city with 122
the help of geoinformation technologies
Gushchin Alexandr N., Sanok Sergei I., Tatarnikova Yana S.

The impact of construction industry on the content of heavy metals in the air environment 123
of Krasnoyarsk
M.L. Berseneva, O.V.Gofman , E.Y. Gumennaya, A.A. Yakshina, O.S. Mitckevich, E.V.
Danilovich, O.S. Nikitina

2018, Siberian Federal University 9

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
URBAN IDENTITY

Territory Lines and Urban Identity: between city-layout and physical context 127
Padrão Fernandes Sérgio

Responsibility of The Union of Architects for sustaining the local visual and cultural 128
Identity of Krasnoyarsk as a prospective cultural capital of the Eastern Siberia
Krzysztof Nawratek, Belova Daria A.

Socio-anthropological model of modern urban environment: a human in the city, a city in 129
the human
Bobyleva Nedezda I.

City image during international events 130

Bundova Ekaterina S.

The Study of Urban Identity of the Siberian Federal University Students 131
Smolyaninova Olga G., Popova Yulia V.

Ethnic peculiarities of culture as a tool for building urban identity 132

Shlokina Anastasia A.

Small Historical Towns of Russia. Preserving Individuality and Identity 133

Shchenkov Alexey S.

URBAN LANDSCAPE HISTORY AND

SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Forms of settlement in north-eastern Poland and their morphological changes after World 137
War II
Tomasz Figlus, Łukasz Musiaka

Flat City versus Volumetric City, Re-application of the Layered Movement Network 138
Approach
Bruyns Gerhard, Nel, Darren, Higgins Christopher

Polder settlements in specific spatial pattern of polder landscape around Shijiu-Gucheng 139
Lake
Hua Xiaoning

Urban ruins and vacant lands in contemporary cities: origins, existence, and (re)use 140
Jarosław Kazimierczak

Locating Food and Urban Agriculture within the Study of Urban Form 141
Marat-Mendes Teresa

The Route as an Attractor of Urban Form 142

Derry O’Connell

10 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
Land Reclamation and Creation of New Villages 143
A case study of Sha Tian town on the Pearl River estuary
Tian Mengxiao

Riverside Transformation as Urban Landscape 144

Case study on the Huangpu Riverside Reconstruction in Shanghai, China
Zhang Chi, Li Zhenyu

Private and public space of a Russian provincial town in the late 19th and early 20th 145
centuries
Degalceva Ekaterina A.

Small architectural forms in the organization of the urban environment 146

Karepov Gennadiy E., Lipovtseva Sofiya R.

Transformation of green spaces in the Krasnoyarsk city 147

Natalya Popkova, Brit Maksim

Public parks in the North: Designed to liberate or discipline our bodies? 148
Mikkel B. Tin

Public space in historical settlement-case studies in Southwest China 149

Xin Ran, Fei Chen

An investigation on influence of river on morphological aspects of a historical city 150

Ali Reza Arsiya, Mehrdad Mazloomi

URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

A New Comparative Analysis of Local Urban Morphology Based on Local Climate 153
Zones: A Study Using Mobile surveys in Chengdu Testbed
Chen Fangli, Huang Yuan

Measuring the link between morphology and accessibility in two peripheral 154
neighborhoods
Erten S., Ozbil A., Ozer O., Gurleyen T., Yesiltepe D., Kurtulus I., Bakovic M.

Urban morphological regions: development of an idea 155

Kai Gu

Slope, Layers, and Walkability: Estimating the Link Between Pedestrian Accessibility and 156
Land Values in the Morphology of High Density Cities
Higgins, Christopher D., Nel, Darren, Bruyns, Gerhard

Morphological techniques for assessing urban form of Istanbul’s Historical Peninsula 157
Aslı Koç, Ayşe Sema Kubat

A typo-morphology reading and re-interpreting on the historic walled center of Xi’an, 158
China
Xu Lu, Shuyi Xie

2018, Siberian Federal University 11

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
Mapping the Relationship between Site Coding and Street Spatial Configuration: Case 159
Study in Nanjing, China
Yafei Ma，Lian Tang, Wowo Ding

Microclimatic performance of urban form: an analytic method in energy-sensitive urban 160

design
Maiullari Daniela

Urban Morphology of the proximity parks system in Valencia. 161

A typomorphological classification applicated to Camins al Grau quarter
David Urios Mondéjar, Ana Portalés Mañanós, Juan Colomer Alcácer

The Integration of Archetype into the development of World Urban Database and Access 162
Portal Tool (WUDAPT) level 1 & 2 Method in Chengdu Testbed
Yuan Huang, Fangli Chen, Yanxiao Pan, Rui Huang

A comparative study on thermal environmental performance of the urban form prototypes 163
based on local climate zone (LCZ) Scheme
Huang Yuan, Yanxiao Pan, Jason Ching

Connecting Morpho to urban vitality: the case of Moscow 164

Kotov Egor A., Goncharov Ruslan V.

Connectivity and accessibility as the key factors of the macro-space 165

Krasheninnikov Alexey

The implosive approach and urban environment design 166

Rasuleva Iuliia V., Kudasheva Dilara R.

The urban typology matrix (1867-1918) 167

Éva Lovra

URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL THEORY

Taking a long view: two centuries of urban morphology 171
Jeremy Whitehand

Urban Morphology’s New Territories 172

Giuseppe Strappa

Morphology of the post-carbon city it the understanding of urban theory 173

Kukina Irina V.

Including Christopher Alexander's pattern languages and centers in the theoretical 174
formulations of Urban Morphology
Howard Davis

Irkutsk downtown street network and quarters morphology: the reconstruction strategy 175
A.G.Bolshakov, S.S. Belomestnykh

12 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
Urban Planning Traditions and Today’s Demands 176
Igor Bondarenko

Lhasa Urban Morphology Evolution and Construction Patterns Analysis 177

Yuan Huang, Pu Bian, Wenyan Cai, Yanxiao Pan

Teaching different approaches in urban morphology 178

Vítor Oliveira

Typo-morphology and environmental perception of urban space 179

Todor Stojanovski, Östen Axelsson

A Review of The Relationship between Urban greening morphology and urban climate 180
Yu Xi1, Jingyi Liu , Yuan Huang

The explanatory power of Space Syntax and Urban Morphology 181

van Nes Akkelies

Multi-layer analysis of morphology of the city of Krasnoyarsk based on concept urban 182
landscape units
Petrosyan Evgine

Urban blocks and Architectural Typology in the Milanese context 183

Carlo Andrea Biraghi, Michele Caja, Sotirios Zaroulas

Teaching urban morphology 184

Vítor Oliveira

URBAN MORPHOLOGY, REGENERATION AND NEWEST URBAN

DESIGN
Expressionist urban renewal interventions: 187
Avenida del Oeste in Valencia among other valuable cases
Mifsut García, César D.

A smart city – “The triad of development agents” 188

Akhmedova E. A., Vavilonskaya T. V.

The Nikolaevskaya Sloboda – the future city-garden in Krasnoyarsk 189

Tsarev Vladimir I.

Complexity and contradiction of open space by planned unit development in Taiwan 190
Chih-Hung Chen, Ting-Jung Chen

The pocket parks morphology. Case study in the consolidated periphery of Valencia. 191
(Spain)
Vicente Colomer Sendra, David Urios Mondejar, Juan Colomer Alcácer, Ana Portalés
Mañanós

Research on landscape-oriented urban design: Take QIXIAN new industry district design 192
in Fengxian, Shanghai as example
Wang Haoyu, Li Zhenyu

2018, Siberian Federal University 13

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
Redevelopment of the historically valuable territories of the Krasnoyarsk City 193
Unagaeva Natalia A.

Urban morphology and spatial optimization strategy of industrial small town in China 194
under “new urbanization movement” — A case study of Tangzha
Cheng Ma

Urban Design, Connectivity and its Role in Building Spatial Resilience 195
Nel Darren, Bruyns Gerhard, Higgins Christopher D.

Exploring Self-Generated Block Consolidation to Accommodate Amenity-Based 196

Functional Interventions
Eman Zied, Alice Vialard, Ruth Conroy Dalton

Villages renaissance through old church buildings 197

Anastasiia Sedova, Balakina Aleftina, Ciaramella Andrea

Transformation of public spaces influenced by private, public and government interests 198
Chui Ia.V.

Transition to project financing in housing construction as a new vector of urban 199

development
Grigorieva Elena M., Petrovskaya Mariya V., Gabdrakhmanov Niyaz K.

The influence of urban mobility on morphology of residential areas 200

Kamalova Klavdiia

The role of eco-city theory and historic fabric on shaped urban spaces in Iran with 201
emphasis on climatic features
Ayda Kianfar

Reflexion of the past in the modern development: a Usolye case-study 202

Bushmkova Yuliia V., Mezenina Ksenia O.

The Relationships Between Urban Morphology and Accessibility to Waterfront Area: 203
Case study of Ningbo three-river junction area
Qi Yuan, Feihong Lin

Ecological corridors morphology inside the urban structure in forming of city 204
environmental framework
Semina Anastasia E., Maximova Svetlana V.

Study on the Urban Morphology of the "10 de Agosto" Avenue Corridor in Quito City – 205
Ecuador
Gustavo Fierro O., Gonzalo Hoyos B.

Edifice of architectural space developing in extreme conditions of Mars 206

Helen Galkina, Natalya Grinkrug

14 2018, Siberian Federal University

ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY HISTORY,
DEVELOPMENT, TENDENCIES
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The impact of dwelling-street interfaces on the morphology of

domestic floor plans
Wir-Konas Agnieszka, Seo Kyung Wook
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University,
United Kingdom
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
A house requires access to a more complex street network to provide inhabitants
with functions not obtainable inside their own dwelling. Spatially, this requirement
manifests itself in a geometric adjacency between a house and a street – referred to
in this paper as a dwelling-street interface (Palaiologou et al, 2016). The functional
one to one interface between a house and a street network does not exclude, however,
the possibility of more adjacency-based connections.
In this paper, we explore the impact that the number of interfaces has on
the morphology of domestic floor plans in Gosforth, a district of Newcastle upon
Tyne, England. An empirical analysis was conducted based on a sample of 1128
floor plans distributed between three major British housing typologies – terraced,
semi-detached and detached houses. The topological structure of floor plans with a
single dwelling-street interface is compared to those with multiple interfaces using
space syntax measures.
We observed two approaches in the morphology of houses with more than one
interface. Either configuration of the floor plan was adjusted to accommodate the
additional interface or, as in 63% of cases, the floor plan followed the morphology
common to the housing type without addressing additional interfaces. However,
the majority of houses that did not accommodate additional interface(s) in their floor
plan had to introduce further measures to mitigate the impact of multiple interfaces,
such as erecting a high boundary to separate the house from the additional street. We
found that some of the measures introduced while improving the condition of the
plot had a negative impact on the street
Our conclusions suggest that the number of interfaces between two urban domains
has an impact on either their morphology or state. Not addressing the interface is
more likely to deteriorate the condition of one or both spaces.

Keywords
Dwelling-street interface, domestic floor plans, housing typology, urban
morphology, space syntax

2018, Siberian Federal University 17

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Roaming on the lane of The City Wall

Case study on the inner circumferential district of the City Wall in
Xi’an, China
Zhang Chi
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Xi'an’s City Wall, also known as the City Wall of Ming Dynasty, is the largest and
the most complete preservation of the ancient city wall existing in China. The City
Wall, as a kind of element of architectural mega-structure, defines the urban form of
Xi'an's main urban area. The inner circumferential district of the City Wall also
forms a typical type of architectural space and derives various social behaviors. This
paper will proceed from the continuity point of view, focusing on the historic
architecture’s evolution under the established form of urban space, in order to match
modern people's the necessity of needs in material and cultural. Taking the
investigation and study of " The inner circumferential district of the City Wall "(the
Lane of the City Wall) as the core case, the author analyzes the incommensurability
of the old space types in modern society and studies how to awaken, transform,
stimulate the old space types and give new types and forms Block vitality. The
conclusion part will use supplementary cases to explain that the mode of influence
of architecture on urban morphology is a common organization that is coordinated
by a specific space type and multi-point space.
This paper is subsidized by NSFC project which is named as <Research on Technical
System of “Downtown Factory” Community-oriented Regeneration in Yangtze
River Delta Region > (Grant No.51678412).

Keywords
The City Wall, historical & cultural, space type, transformation

18 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Study on the inheritance of Chinese traditional space structure in

SHUIANSHANJU reception center in Hangzhou, China
Wang Haoyu
College of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
There are many kinds of spatial structures in traditional Chinese space, such as the
courtyard which is commonly used in residential buildings, the spatial layout of
Suzhou gardens, the traditional village layout, etc. These spatial structures are being
applied in physical practices more and more frequently in the last 20 years. Many
Chinese architects are trying to translate the traditional Chinese space structure into
architectural language and add the traditional space to their own architectural works.
Chinese architect Wang Shu received the Pritzker Architecture Award in 2012 and
he became the first Chinese to win this award. In most of his architectural practices,
the native intention of Chinese architecture is often adopted. This article will take
Wang Shu's architectural work – SHUIANSHANJU reception center in Hangzhou,
China as an example to introduce the contemporary inheritance of Chinese
traditional space structure. The paper analyzes the types of spatial structure of
traditional Chinese gardens and traditional villages through the method of
correlation analysis. From the three aspects of entrance space organization, internal
space organization and plan space structure, this article analyzes the inheritance of
traditional structure in Wang Shu's work, SHUIANSHANJU. The article also
analyzes the concrete manifestation of Wang Shu's design concept in
SHUIANSHANJU from a critical perspective and examines the rationality of the
traditional spatial structure inheritance.

It is pointed in the article that SHUIANSHANJU reception center lacks objectivity

in inheriting the growth randomness of traditional space-based villages and
functional rationality should not be sacrificed to realize the inheritance of traditional
space structures. This paper is subsidized by NSFC project which is named as
<Research on Technical System of “Downtown Factory” Community-oriented
Regeneration in Yangtze River Delta Region>, NO.51678412..

Keywords
Inheritance, Chinese traditional structure of space, SHUIANSHANJU, traditional
village

2018, Siberian Federal University 19

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Exploring the typological process of residential unit in Lilong housing

in Tianjin, China
Meng Zhou, Ying Zheng
School of Architecture, Tianjin University, China
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract
Lilong housing in Tianjin was derived from the Chinese traditional courtyard
housing. From mid-19th century to first half of 20th century, Lilong housing were
constructed in large quantities and varied in type. It was the most representative
dwelling house in modern cities. Researches on the classification of Lilong housing
were mainly based on the graph of overall layout and single building. The influence
of culture background on type and the continuity of typological process were
neglected. Based on the method of Italian typology, this paper divides the
typological process into four continuous phases and analysis the inheritage and
development of residential units in typological process. In a conclusion, the
residential unit is more easier to combine in form and includes more specialized
rooms in function, which reflect the trend of more intensivism and complexity in
Lilong house. It’s the first time to apply Italian typology to the study of Lilong
housing in this paper. Many questions still need to be answered. But it provides a
new perspective for the future research on Lilong housing in Tianjin.

Keywords
Lilong housing, Tianjin, typological process, residential unit

20 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Wood frame construction evolution

Baltinate Ada I.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Construction using wood was always been topical. The use of wood as a structural
material has been known throughout the existence of humankind since the first
dwellings of ancient man. 1400 years ago, tall pagodas in Japan and China, were
built up to 150m in building height from wood, at present time it corresponds to the
height of 50-storey building. These pagodas, built in high seismic and wet climate
environments, are still standing and functioning today. By presented time, structures
of wood above that height, had not been built. Religious buildings with wood frame
structures were also common in European countries such as: Poland, Norway,
Sweden etc.
The height restriction of buildings from the wooden structures was introduced in the
Middle Ages because of the devastating fires in the UK, Canada and America. This
restriction lasted until the end of the twentieth century.
A new surge of construction of large buildings with the use of wood as a bearing
material is associated with innovation in the field of wooden constructions and
improvement of fire prevention measures. On this basis building codes have been
changed in Canada, Norway, Finland etc. These changes resulted in the construction
of buildings with a height of 9 floors in London and Milan, 10 floors in Australia,
14 floors in Norway etc. The architects propose tall wood-frame buildings up to 42
floors in the conceptual projects.
Despite the natural wealth, modern wooden frame house only starts to develop in
Russia. The Russian government has been working out the program of wooden
housing construction development, since 2016 making appropriate changes in the
design standards of building from wood and wood-based materials. These changes
undoubtedly should serve as the basis for promoting the idea of a multi-storey wood
construction in Russia.

Keywords
Evolution, wood, wood-frame construction, high-rise building

2018, Siberian Federal University 21

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Compaction of space in contemporary Japanese megalopolises

Konovalova Nina
Scientific Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban
Planning, branch of the Federal State Budget Institution “Central Scientific-
Research and Project Institute of the Construction Ministry of Russia”, Russian
Federation
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Japan is one of the countries where the problem of urban overconsolidation and,
correspondingly, the lack of vacant space, has been for a long time and acute. Since
ancient times, the Japanese have learned to accept things that cannot be changed,
and find forms of the most comfortable and productive coexistence with this or that
inevitable factor. The problem of high density was not an exception. If it is
impossible to eliminate the population density and the construction boom of large
cities, Japan has developed a compensatory mechanism capable of make the
negative sides of high density less evident. Reduction of space manifests itself in
many elements of urban development: miniature residential buildings have
proliferated, capsule-type hotels, gardens and tea houses have shrunk to extremely
small sizes.
Housing construction in big cities of modern Japan continues to follow the path of
increasing density. The individual dwelling house has firmly taken its place in the
space of Japanese cities. A small apartment house has become one of the leading
types of projected residential architecture in Japan in recent years. Even in a very
small house, architects can find almost limitless use for space.
The research of modern Japanese architects, aimed at the optimal ratio of the size of
space with the amount of time that a person spends in it, led to the emergence of
capsule hotels. A fair assumption about the absolute minimum of personal time,
which a business man needs, staying for the night in a hotel, entailed a reduction in
personal space.
The architects of Japan regard with great respect and interest such a type of buildings
as tea houses, experimenting with the construction, building materials, and their
location. The tendency of sharp decrease in space manifests itself here as well.
Sharp reduction of space hasn’t passed Japanese gardens by too. The Japanese who
can perfectly embody their artistic genius in small areas, in recent decades have been
placed in the conditions of almost complete lack of space for the installation of
gardens. By XXI century Japanese gardens have also acquired new species
according to the demands of the times.

Keywords
High density of Japanese megacities, micro-houses, capsule hotels, modern types of
tea houses

22 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Historical and genetic model as a method of structuring and choice of

settlement development strategy
Kudriavtseva Natalia, Kubetskaia Liubov
Central Institute for Research and Design of Ministry of Construction and Housing
and Communal Services of Russian Federation , Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], designbyaspect@yahoo.сom.u.k

Abstract
The urban structure as a complex historical system have their own forms of
development inherent in its laws and the genetic code ( Kubetskaia L. Kudriavtseva
N. , 2017, Mazur L. ,1998). In the urban planning structure there are different zones,
with particular architectural qualities, in other words genetic parts:the Kremlin, the
Posad, Sloboda . There are already clearly depicted in the urban structure and
morphology to the XVI century (Salat S, Bourdic L, 2012). individual elements of
the monasteries, trades, social systems, "interesting originality of their forms, images
and essence"( Mokeev , 1971), typology of the plan of the Russian city( Mokeev,
1980). The purpose of this study is to build a historical and genetic model, containing
established evolutionary system, representing the cultural heritage. In order
scientific equipment of the territorial planning requires the use of methods of
investigation of the urban structure in accordance with the sequence of procedures,
based on the fundamental developments of domestic scientists. There are used the
works of L. M. Tverskoi, I. V. Makovetskii, V. A. Lavrov, T. F. Savarenskii, V. A.
Bondarenko, G. Y. MokeevV. P. Orphinskogo, Y. S. Ushakov etc. In part
methodological and criterial apparatus used research A. S, Chenkova, M. P.
Kudryavtseva, L. Mazur , I. S. Krasovsky, E. A. Shevchenko, and also scientific
practical experience, A. Trenin.
Now the territorial planning requires the use of the method of of the object s
research developed by the authors, including primarily: 1-consistent study stages of
evolution; 2-comparison of the time of construction: religious dominants, social
complexes; 3-fixation of changes in morphology; 4- the dynamics of territorial
development: growth urban shape comparison of historical boundaries, (Spiro
Kostof, 1992); 5-graphometric procedures for analyzing the location of dominates;
6-topological styling of the genetic zones and elements; 7 - analysis of genetic
relationships in systems; 8-qualitative analysis (stylistic, homogeneity); 9 -
morphological analysis plan; 11-analysis of the degree of preservation components.
As a result, we obtain knowledge about: the laws of the formation of the urban
planning structure, historical-genetic model as the basis for genetic zoning and
forecasting the future development of the territory.

Keywords
Urban structure evolution, genesis, genetic development code, settlement
systems,regional tradition, historical-genetic model

2018, Siberian Federal University 23

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Architectural and planning features of educational institutions of the

late XIX - early XX century as a characteristic of the identity of the
historic center of a small town
Perkova Margarita V.1, Sementsov Sergey V.2, Kolesnikova Ludmila I.1,
Tribuntseva Kseniya M.1
1
Architectural Institute, Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G.
Shoukhov, Russia;
2
Saint-Petersburg state University of architecture and construction, Russia
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
Today, the problem of identity of small towns is one of the most priority. This is
connected with the threat of the disappearance of a number of objects of the
historical and cultural environment as an holistic formation under the growing
influence of the urbanization process of historical centers of small towns. In this
regard, it is important to preserve regional historical and cultural characteristics, to
broadcast the regional identity of the environment, to preserve and adapt the objects
of cultural heritage in the modern urban environment. The study highlights the
educational system in Russia, the creation of progymnasium and male and female
gymnasiums for teaching children of all classes. Considered architectural and
planning peculiarities of educational establishments of the late XIX - early XX
century as a characteristic of the identity of the historical center of a small city on
the example of Graivoron in the Belgorod region. The aim of the study is to identify
regional and national features of preserved cultural heritage sites in small towns of
the late XIX and early XX centuries with the purpose of their full-fledged use in the
modern urban structure. An analysis of the historical and cultural sites of the historic
center of Graivoron revealed that 33.5% of the preserved monuments of history and
architecture are educational buildings. In the XVIII century in Russia education was
a privilege of the highest nobility, but already in the first quarter of the XIX century
it became widespread in the aristocratic environment, and in the post-reform period
(after 1861) and among the merchants, philistinism, craftsmen. The principles of
integration of objects of cultural heritage in the modern urban environment are
formulated: centrality and coherence of the spatial composition of the historical city;
the natural evolution of the composition of the plan of historical city; the stability of
functional and spatial relationships; typological continuity. The practical importance
of studying objects of cultural heritage is conditioned by the subsequent
development of design documentation for their restoration and adaptation for
modern use and development of protection zones.

Keywords
Historical and cultural heritage, architectural monument, reconstruction and
restoration of architectural heritage, history of architecture

24 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Preserving the wooden housing estate as important part of Yeniseisk

historical and architectural environment in XIX - XX centuries
Merkulova Maria E., Baltinate Ada I.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Yeniseisk is a historic Siberian city kept wooden housing estate dated from XVIII -
XIX centuries. In present time wooden farmstead estate dominates in the Yeniseisk
historic part built in XIX - early XX centuries. The wooden building is architectural
dominant – temples’ three-dimensional environment creating a unique holistic
environment of the ancient city.
The historic city center the main dwelling stock consists of one or two storied
wooden houses built second part XIX – in the being of XX century. About 60 houses
have been recognized as cultural heritage objects. Most of the houses are the
historical environment objects. There are a lot of old low engineering improvement
houses to be inevitably replaced. Whereas new construction objects will be located
in the preserved area of monuments and in the zones of housing estate regulation,
their design must be controlled. While designing new building one should aim to
preserve city wooden housing estate architectural integrity. It is necessary for
builders to formulate obligatory construction requirements, concerning physical
size, scale and proportional, the principles of composition of the facades, that is those
parameters that allow to fit the new buildings in the historical environment.
The development of such requirements must be based on the research of typological,
architectural and artistic aspects of the historical wooden housing estate of
Yeniseisk.
The research is carried out at the Chair of architectural design School of architecture
and design SFU. The constructive and planning and three-dimensional
characteristics description of the Yeniseisk wooden houses was made up and facade
features of architectural decoration were found out. The results of the research were
taken into account in the learning design of the estate houses city historical centre.

Keywords
Architectural legacy, cultural heritage, a monument of architecture, wooden
housing estate, variety, preservation

2018, Siberian Federal University 25

 FRINGE BELTS,
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE NEWEST DEMANDS
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A comparative study of Inner Fringe Belts

Michael Barke1, Tolga Ünlü2, Vítor Oliveira3
1
University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
2
Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
3
CITTA Research Centre for Territory Transports and Environment, Portugal
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Eighty years ago, Herbert Louis proposed the concept of fringe belt in his study on
the growth and physical form of Berlin, identifying how the outward spread of
housing areas was punctuated by standstills when other areas with other physical
characteristics (in terms of streets, plots and buildings) and land uses were created
at the fringe of the residential built-up area. After renewed residential growth, these
non-residential areas became embedded and tended to remain as a distinctive zone
marking a phase in the city’s history. Since the first half of the twentieth century, the
concept of fringe belt has been attracting the attention of many urban morphologists,
notably MRG Conzen and JWR Whitehand. This paper focuses on one specific
fringe belt, the Inner Fringe Belt, and develops a comparative study involving three
different cities, Mersin, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Porto. In particular, the paper
aims at addressing the main transformations that have occurred in plots within each
of these Inner Fringe Belts in the three selected cities, since they have been laid out
until present days through successive initiation, expansion and consolidation phases.
The common aspects and main differences between the three case studies are
described and explained, bearing in mind the most relevant literature on this topic.

Keywords
Fringe belts, inner fringe belts, plots, historico-geographical approach,
comparative studies

2018, Siberian Federal University 29

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Active borders, polycentric cities, miscellaneous makers

Thereza Carvalho
School of Architecture and Urbanism, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This article presents the results of research conducted on emerging polycentric
spatial structuring processes, in two cities, Rio de Janeiro and Niteroi, Brazil, based
on changes of land use and users observed on the border zones of selected
centralities. Borders have been conventionally regarded passive frontiers between
different areas, or, as ‘urban frames’ to a main attraction that defined a centrality.
The research revealed different urban roles that inner border zones performed, when
and where informal urban change process were accepted.
From the inherited notion of fringe belt, the study focus on how inner borders have
multiplied and were reinvented to serve the purposes of city-making and support the
livelihood of a variety of miscellaneous makers. A brief revision of the concepts of
urban fringe belts, evolutionary perspective, multicultural space in contemporary
cities and moving relational spaces are presented. The methodological procedure
adopted address the issue of cumulative temporal aggregation of uses, users and
meanings, changing urban form bordering contemporary urban interventions. The
active border idea was associated with singular attributes in one or more qualitative
dimensions, visually perceived but not necessarily spatial, surrounding a given
centrality, that aggregated cumulative multiple individual initiatives with collective
repercussions. It usually contained routes of access whose margins have also
benefitted from the same attractiveness.
This paper argues that permission to new usages was the major asset. Accepted
informal processes of urban change nourished different land uses, both temporary
and permanent, street traders, producers, organizers, all with different forms of space
appropriation. Otherwise unrevealed potential space consumers, particularly, but not
only, those unattended by the services offered in central areas, emerged. Active
permissive borders can help to enhance the attractiveness of the centrality it
surrounds and, in some cases, overlap with neighbor boroughs borders,
strengthening connections between different centralities and defining new networks.

Keywords
Active inner borders, polycentric cities, morphogenesis, informal urban processes

30 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Urban fringe-belts and suburban area: similarities and differences

Logunova Elena
School of Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Areas around the cities played a significant role throughout their history. The
adaptation of city peripheries for various economic and domestic needs occurred in
the early stages of the emergence of different cities. In each cultural context
distinctive concepts and definitions were used to designate the edge of cities and
suburban area. Generally, the developments of suburbs were unplanned with a lack
of perspective view of the city further development. Subsequently, urban fabric
“leapfrogged” these areas, which characterized by distinctive road network, variety
of land-use units and large areas of green spaces. Thus, peripheral territories were
embedded in the city boundary preserving their functional characteristics and
structure. In the theory of urban morphology such areas are defined as an urban
fringe-belts a specific part of the internal structure of the city.
At the present time the concept of urban fringe-belts had not been recognized in
urban planning practice. Nevertheless, the existing suburban areas are in the focus
of urban planning and design practice and continuing to play a special role in the
cities life. A comprehensive land use plans of suburbs areas are developed as part of
strategic spatial planning and regional development. At the same time differences in
the understanding of the term “suburban area”, structure of land uses, its borders and
sizes had been formed historically in different countries.
The paper analyzed the developed approaches to the definition of the suburban area,
areas around the cities and urban fringe-belts. Similarities and differences of these
concepts, the internal structure of their land use and their role in urban development
are emphasized.

Keywords
Urban fringe-belts, suburban area, urban morphology, land use

2018, Siberian Federal University 31

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Financing mechanisms for the reconstruction of the city's fringe belts

Svetlana B. Globa, Victoria V. Berezovaya
Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The relevance of the complex reconstruction of the existing urban areas is due to a
number of social, urban and economic factors. Social factors are connected with low
quality and potential accident of habitation, high maintenance expenses for its
maintenance. Urban planning-with low intensity of land use in the presence of a
growing shortage of territory for the time-replacement of construction. Economic —
with high investment attractiveness of the territories of housing accommodation at
the low market value, with decrease in volumes of endowmented maintenance of
habitation.
In the reconstruction of the outskirts of cities, as a rule, it is about streamlining
planning structure and development of environmental measures. An effective plan
for the reconstruction of such territories should provide answers to many questions:
how the reconstruction is adapted to the demands of the residents, whether residents
will be able to participate in reconstruction, whether they will be able to stay in the
old place after reconstruction, whether it is possible to carry out reconstruction
without resettlement of inhabitants, etc. It is necessary to calculate the ratio of
expected benefits and costs for reconstruction and restoration of the facility.
One of the main issues of ensuring the economic efficiency of reconstruction of
residential development of cities at the present stage is the complexity of its
realization and determination of sources of financing of reconstructive works. In this
regard, the economic justification of investments is relevant both for the investor
and the customer and for the owners of the housing stock.
Complexity of the investment process consists in attraction to financing of complex
reconstruction of the territory of various participants, which can be the municipality,
commercial banks, construction firms, development companies, managers Housing
organizations, owners of housing and other structures interested in obtaining the
investment result.
The article considers the mechanisms of financing the reconstruction of the city's
suburb belts for different types of such territories, reveals their advantages and
disadvantages, presents forecast calculations and estimates.

Keywords
Urban fringe-belts, suburban area, urban morphology, land use

32 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Study on metropolis Greenbelt Area planning: a case study of

Shijiazhuang
Xiong Guoping, You Fanglu
School of architecture, Southeast University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
In the course of rapid urbanization, the central urban area expanding rapidly and the
Greenbelt Area undermined constantly, which caused menace to the ecosystem of
the metropolis. It is urgent to control the planning and construction of Greenbelt
Area. The study uses the methods of ecological space efficiency analysis,
construction land spread analysis, eco-environment sensitivity estimation, industrial
suitability analysis and village layout factor analysis, taking the Greenbelt Area of
Shijiazhuang as empirical, analyzing the characteristics and problems of the
situation, summarizing its space evolution from the land price difference, income
gap and management authority, putting forward the planning strategy of classifying
partition of the space control, priority conservation of natural ecology, adjusting the
primary sector, limiting the secondary sector, prospering the tertiary sector, focusing
on gathering adjust village location, urban and rural efficient and equitable facilities,
so as to profit the planning and development of the metropolis Greenbelt Area in
China.

This work was supported by the [National Natural Science Foundation of China];
under Grant [51578129];[ The Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province]
under Grant [BE2014706]; and[The National Key Technology R&D Program] under
Grant [2015BAL02B01].

Keywords
Greenbelt Area, metropolis, urban sprawl

2018, Siberian Federal University 33

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

National mentality as a factor in the morphogenesis of the city

suburbs (оn an example of Krasnoyarsk)
Batalova Natalia S.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Mentality - a relatively stable set of vital installations of the individual or society.
Mentality to a la The originality of the mentality of the inhabitants of Siberia defined
a number of factors (historical, climatic, political). A set of economic and political
processes has led to the uncontrolled growth of the city suburbs at the expense of
private, including unauthorized construction. Residential and dachas outskirts of
Krasnoyarsk have very low aesthetic qualities, which is explained by the
peculiarities of the mentality of the inhabitants of Siberia. Over time, the outskirts
of the territory stay become marginalized sections of society.
Sleeping areas on the periphery of the city grows garages boxed type and basements
in residential backyards.
Growth of Krasnoyarsk has led to margin entered the main fabric of the city. The
structure of these territories has acquired a number of characteristics.
Growth of Krasnoyarsk has led to margin entered the main fabric of the city. The
structure of these territories has acquired a number of characteristics.
In today's Russian society, there is a transition from the old to the new social order.
The administration of the urban development process is not aimed at solving existing
problems. On registration of property rights law to illegally constructed buildings
will aggravate the situation. The solution of many problems of the city to a greater
extent does not refer to the professional competence of the architect and to the
administrative and legal sphere.

Keywords
National mentality, urban outskirts, unauthorized construction, administration

34 2018, Siberian Federal University

HISTORICAL URBAN FABRIC
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Morphological characteristics of the Roman origin towns today:

a comparative analyses from Anatolia and Italy
Kahraman Eskidemir, Ayse Sema Kubat
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul
Technical University, Turkey
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
A morphogenetic survey of old Anatolian and Italian towns that are shaped in the
manner of culture from Roman founding to today is the main concern of this paper.
The Roman Empire is taken the origin point that the civilization had a great influence
on historical towns throughout adjacent territories of Italy, Europe, Middle East and
North Africa. The underlying point of this research is the urban fabric in Anatolian
towns, built on similarities with settlements in the Italian Peninsula during the
Roman Empire, which have changed with the arrival of different cultures from
Anatolian Turks to Ottomans under Islamic influence. The different planning
cultures that gave form to their peculiar urban fabric in both peninsulas are studied
comparatively on the selected samples of the eight Roman origin towns. The pairing
between these towns is based on the time they were established and specific elements
like location, importance and status in the state they belong to. Based on the numeric
outcomes, morphological values of the towns and quantitative values obtained
through ‘’Space Syntax’’ establish the methodology of this study. Interrelation
between these values are used for the association of cultural and religious buildings
to the whole town tissue to comprehend how cultural alteration influences towns
from a mathematical point of view. Morphological results show that the urban tissue
in both Anatolian and Italian Peninsulas are different from each other today by block
size and segment length. While legacy of the Roman Empire still exists in Italy, the
influence of Islamic tradition has completely changed the urban pattern in Anatolia.
This is also confirmed by mathematical interpretations.

Keywords
Culture, Anatolia, Italy, Urban Morphology, Space Syntax

2018, Siberian Federal University 37

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Micro-regeneration for Traditional Residential Areas: The Case of

Nanhu Community in Nanjing, China
Ying Jiang
School of Architecture, Southeast University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The article discusses the characteristics and evolution of historical urban fabric in
traditional residential areas based on historical review and plan analysis, and how to
inherit its texture of the space into the regeneration process to enhance the urban
identity during the progression of globalization.
City betterment and ecological restoration is the latest concept in China to restore or
regenerate the urban environment with high landscape quality, urban fabric and
place vitality through the maintenance, remediation and renewal activities for the
shrinking or poor condition of the built environment.
As one of pilot implementations in city betterment and ecological restoration
programs in Nanjing, China, Nanhu community is a typical traditional residential
area which constructed as a resettlement by the municipal government in 1982 to
solve the housing issue of the back of the educated youth who went and work in the
countryside during the Culture Revolution. This kind of traditional residential area
has many values of historical urban fabric worth preserving in terms of architectural
structure, cultural landscape, neighborhood organization which portrayed the
history, the culture and the way people live in it at that time.
However, many traditional residential areas like Nanhu community struggle with
slow development and unable to meet the demands of rapid development of social
economy and residential’ living level due to the lag of infrastructure renewal and
dysfunctional geographical arrangement. At the same time, the convergence of
urban fabric on the basis of globalization, urban high-speed development and urban
blindly construction, which lead to the chaos of urban character and the absence of
urban identity.
Thus, the article investigates on the characteristics and evolution of historical urban
fabric in Nanhu community to create a new mode of continue the historical context
in regeneration of traditional residential areas.

Keywords
City betterment and ecological restoration programs, urban micro-regeneration,
traditional residential areas, historical fabric, evolution of urban form

38 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Transformation mechanism of historical urban fabric in Hankou,

Wuhan
Mei Qing
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This article selects Hankou old town in Wuhan as the research object, summurizing
the current situation of the historical urban texture. Then the author analyses the
historical development and trasformation mechanism of the urban texture from the
traditional model to model of Chinese-Western integration, due to the intervention
of western culture. And it will provide references to the future research on historical
urban fabric.
The historical analysis of the historical urban area of Hankou is the background of
the whole study. This part analyzes the main historical events in the process of urban
development in Hankou, and focuses on the historical and cultural elements related
to the formation of urban fabric. Then based on the historical development of the
area and the intervention of western culture, the transformation mechanism is
revealed. Hankou can be seen as the ‘Chinese and Western Collage City’, so it has
gradually formed a mixture of traditional Chinese urban fabric and Western fabric.
The fabric of ancient urban area is irregular, and the fabric of modern urban area is
regular geometry. These two kinds of urban fabric combined together, very
harmonious and permeated each other. And finally it formed the present situation of
the urban fabric in Hankou historical urban area.
Therefore, the overall analysis of the characteristic of Hankou’s urban texture and
transformation mechanism research of it can provide references for the related
research and the repairing strategy of the texture in some old towns.
This paper is subsidized by NSFC project which is named as <Research on Technical
System of “Downtown Factory” Community-oriented Regeneration in Yangtze
River Delta Region>. No.51678412. Thankful to the project owner Prof. LI Zhenyu
who is the dean of College of Arhitecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University.

Keywords
Transformation mechanism, urban fabric, Hankou historical area, historical
research

2018, Siberian Federal University 39

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Visual impact analysis in Urban Morphology: the case of

Ayvansaray, GOLDEN NORN
Ayse Sema Kubat, Mert Akay, Ela Akdogan
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul
Technical University, Turkey
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This dissertation seeks to find scenic attributes of the Historical Peninsula within its
environment. By morphological understanding of its structure and space, the study
will help to increase recognition for urban plazas and pedestrians with the
management of visual impacts. It is a fact that Istanbul has been hosting some of the
world’s historically significant structures and predominantly, they located in
historical peninsula. The historical peninsula was the former capital of the Byzantine
and Ottoman empires therefore in present day it carries the culture and historical
assets that overlapped on top of each other. The Bosphorus and the hilly topography
of Istanbul together serve as a strong bounding element between the historical assets
and it creates broad prospect among them. Those views carries a potential to capture
and decode the spatial configurations and reveal the embedded patterns within the
urban form. This paper will be an empirical study to designate the views from
Ayvansaray district which is located on the seventh hill of the historical peninsula,
along with Golden Horn. Designated views seek for building defined corridors and
plazas referencing the viewing point and landmark connections. These connections
will be supported by enhanced public and pedestrian accessibility. The purpose is to
strengthen the strategic views by highlighting Historical City Walls, revealing
embedded patterns and designate corridors among them to clarify visual integrity
and ease the management of visual impacts. Benefiting from the Silhouette of
Historical Peninsula and protecting it, carries significant importance therefore seek
to deeper understand the city structure. To be able to accomplish the purpose, the
study firstly will fallow a method to understand and protect the characteristics in the
historical background and designate plazas considering foreground, middle ground
and background of the views. These provided inputs will be integrated with each
other regarding to physical and visual aspects; in a manner of historically important
structures, urban plazas and linear, panoramic views along with Golden Horn
prospect. Therefore visual impact analysis will act as a supporter instrument.

Keywords
Urban morphology, visual impact assessment, city view management,
decoding urban forms

40 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Historic Edifices of Ramna: An Embedded Heritage Route In

Urban Dhaka
Farzana Mir1, Fahmida Nusrat2
1
Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Bangladesh
2
Department of Architecture, Bangladesh
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
For a city that that started at the bank of a river, Dhaka shows a unique characteristic
in its urban development pattern. The 400 years old city in its historical timeline
shifted from the river towards the land giving preference to a certain area that is
known as Ramna. The history of Ramna began in 1608 with the Mughal. It
comprised two residential areas of the high officials of the Mughals. It once placed
Mughal garden, green open spaces, garden houses etc. The British cleared the jungle
of Ramna and built racecourse, boulevard for the elites to stroll in the evening. The
planning of this area as the civil station of the newly formed province of East Bengal
and Assam in 1905 saw construction of several edifices. It also witnessed the
building of the first modern architecture by Architect Mazharul Islam of Bangladesh.
A walk started from the mosque of Musa Khan tucked in between Curzon Hall and
Shahidullah Hall towards the Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University would take
us from Mughal to Modern Dhaka. The collections of buildings of Ramna from
different historical phases tell the story of the past in a synchronized manner. The
study reveals a diverse historic route of different timeline within the contemporary
urban form of Dhaka.
Hence objective of this paper is to explore how the embedded connectivity of a
historic urban segment can be traced down with the help of space syntax analysis to
define a unique heritage route for future planning of the city.

Keywords
Historic Edifices, Ramna, Heritage route, Urban Dhaka, Space Syntax

2018, Siberian Federal University 41

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Comparison study of typical historical street space between China

and Germany: Take Friedrichstrasse in Berlin and Central Street in
Harbin as examples
Wang Haoyu, Li Zhenyu
College of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The article analyzes the similarities and the differences of typical historical street
space and urban fabric in China and Germany, taking Friedrichstrasse in Berlin and
central street in Harbin as examples.
The analysis mainly starts from four aspects: geographical environment, developing
history, urban space fabric and building style. The two cities have similar
geographical latitudes but different climate. Both of the two cities have a long history
of development.
As historical streets, both of the two streets are the main shopping street in the two
cities respectively. The Berlin one is a famous luxury shopping street while the
Harbin one is a famous shopping destination for both citizens and tourists. As for
the urban fabric, both streets have fishbone-like spatial structure but with different
densities; both streets are pedestrian-friendly, but with different scales; both have
courtyards space structure but in different forms.
Friedrichstrasse was divided into two parts during the World War II and it was partly
ruined. It was rebuilt in IBA in the 1980s and many architectural masterpieces was
designed by world-renowned architects like O.M. Ungers, Aldo Rossi, Rem
koolhaas, Jean Nouvel and I.M. Pei. However, Harbin was once occupied by Russian
as the colonial area, so the buildings on Central Street are mostly Russian style.
The article tries to explore the relationship between the historical and geographical
environment and the urban commercial street space and urban space texture through
this comparison. The comparison is to play a reference role in the regeneration of
the historical street in China.

This paper is subsidized by NSFC project which is named as <Research on Technical

System of “Downtown Factory” Community-oriented Regeneration in Yangtze
River Delta Region>, NO.51678412.

Keywords
Comparison, historical street space, urban fabric, China and Germany,
Friedrichstrasse, Central Street
42 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Spatial Fabric Analysis of Harbin JingYu Historical Block Based

on the Relationship between Culture and Morphology
Zhang Yidan, Li Zhenyu
College of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
City, an organism, takes the urban fabric as the external manifestation, which
contains a lot of historical and cultural information. And in this organism, JingYu
Block is a typical representative of Chinese and western cultures in Harbin, a
historical block integrating the baroque style and the traditional street lifestyle, also
the core of "re-engineering" strategy. This paper mainly analyzes JingYu historic
district in Harbin, China. First, it is a historical study of JingYu Block. Summarizing
and analyzing the important events in the history and culture, so that we can have a
deep research on the historical and cultural elements related to the urban texture
morphology. Second, we analyse the historical background, the urban texture
morphology of JingYu Historical Block , including macro and micro analysis--
urban structure and urban space, in this process, the urban elements such as road,
street, profile, open space, urban space pattern, architectural fabric are analyzed
respectively, and sometimes we also compare it with other historical city texture.
Finally, on the basis of morphological analysis, we continue to analyze the related
urban culture, aiming to summarize the influence that urban plan has in different
phases of historical development of Harbin city, to analyse how the plan goes, and
then to show the development of urban texture of JingYu Historical Block on the
time level.

Keywords
Harbin Jingyu Block, Urban fabric, Historical study, Morphology

2018, Siberian Federal University 43

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Renewal Strategy Research on the Reconstruction of the Old Daowai

District’s Historical Block in Harbin Based on European Experience
Zhang Yidan
College of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Historical blocks are the memories and carriers of human civilization. As an early
urban area in Harbin, Jingyu Street of Daowai District is an excellent place for us to
experience the typical life of people in Harbin, in which a multifunction of
commerce and living is achieved. Working as a "witness" of the historical
development of Harbin, Daowai District is of great significance for the people in
Harbin.
In recent years, the government of Harbin has begun to spare efforts to repair and
transform historical blocks of Daowai District. Meanwhile, it has made a replanning
of the old district's formats, hoping to return to the citizens a new Daowai district
with a clean environment and prosperous tourism. However, it proved that the
relevant scholars and Harbin citizens are not very satisfied with the reconstruction.
There are mainly three problems. First of all, citizens participate less in the process
of transformation. There is a large number of indigenous people have to move away
and the old firms as well as inns have to move out of the district, which results in the
disappearance of the original business mode of “front shop, back factory”. Secondly,
the over-transformation of historical blocks appears. What is more, there is a bad
phenomenon, that is, the true history is replaced by false antique, causing the
Chinese Baroque lose its former glory. Lastly, it is commercial reconstruction that
receives attention, neglecting the fact that residential buildings are still very
dilapidated and the living environment of the residents is still poor. As a result,
Harbin's unique court houses are turned into dangerous houses, which are confronted
with being dismantled. It is therefore necessary to protect and renew the old
historical blocks of Daowai District.
In order to put forward an effective way to reconstruct and renew the old historical
block of Daowai District, this paper studies the transformation methods and
feasibility of relevant European cases, comparing them with the actual situation of
Harbin historical blocks.

Keywords
Morphogenesis, elementary residential planning units, market colonization,
adaptive redevelopment, micro district, neighborhood, community

44 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Morphological Study of Linear Marketplaces upon Fixation Line of

Shanghai
Xiao Xiao
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
In Shanghai, over 60 marketplaces have been built upon the fixation lines such as
deserted railways, covered rivers, boundary of planned future parks over the last
three decades. These markets squeeze resources out of the linear and irregular strips
of land, generating new places that are strongly connected to their surrounding
neighborhoods. Since June 2016, the Shanghai government initiates several projects
to gradually propel the regeneration of series of leftover urban spaces, including the
majority of these marketplaces, which could eventually lead to their demolishment.
Hence, the studies to these unique forms of urban space in Shanghai are necessary
both in retrospect and prospective dimensions.
From the perspective of individual building, fixation line is a linear space with a
considerable width to contain a large marketplace over 5000m2（15 meters wide
and 380 meters long, Hongzhu Market）, serving more than sixty thousand
residents’ daily lives. In China, marketplace is one of the most frequently visited
public spaces for local citizens, whose layout shows clearly of the network of the
plot. Hence, the morphological study of these market places (taking the Hongzhu
Market for example, comparing with other relative cases) helps to reveal the
mechanisms of the transformation of the fixation line in Shanghai, a city that has
been growing so rapidly over the last century, swallowing and flattening barriers of
all kinds.
Although the building pattern of the marketplace shows clearly of the impact the
fixation line, the research reveals that the actual network on site is on the other hand
breaking down the pattern from the inside, making the maximum usage of the
resources created by these former barriers of the city. The influences of both
previous systems that form the fixation line and the current building pattern on site
are affecting these linear market places simultaneously, which would bring about
possible hints to both policymakers and designers dealing with urban regeneration
projects.

Keywords
Fixation line, market place, street system, building pattern, network on site, urban
regeneration
2018, Siberian Federal University 45
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Resistance of Planned Old Town: A Case Study of Tainan, Taiwan

Chih-Hung Chen, Yi-Ting Lee
Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
According to Growth Pole Theory, the development dynamic in the urban area is
much larger than rural. Practically, an urban plan is expected for development with
growth as well. However, in large cities, especially in the old town, a modernised
urban planning does usually not lead to the overall development but cause the
deformed land, lead to the difficulties of constructions. As study case, Tainan, the
oldest city in Taiwan, is observed in four periods. Firstly, since the building of the
city wall in 1725, Tainan had been the former capital and most important trading
ports in Taiwan. The urban tissue in this period was based on the narrow alleyways
connected to city gates, high streets, ports and bureaucrat office. Secondly, since
1920, the wall has been demolished, and alleyways were transformed to the
“boulevards” with orthogonal intersection and traffic circles, which were for hygiene
and military reasons reconstructed. Thirdly, since 1938, urban planning with the
concept of a combination of land-use planning, land subdivision and construction
management was implemented. In this period, new buildings such as shophouses
with arcades, markets and galleries were planned as leading types, but only on the
street side. The city hall, the fire stations, the police stations and the weather
observatory were established for public services. Lastly, in the period of post-war
modernism, the zoning system as one of the important planning instruments was
expected for not only clean-sweep planning but also urban renewal. Nevertheless,
only less than one thousand building sites for the new construction can be found in
the past 20 years, and the most of them are shophouses. The more than 400-year
development in Tainan shows the persistence of urban formation, regardless of
planning technologies. Although redundant conditions were forcedly added onto the
original tissue directly and the urban blocks were over subdivided, the historical
stratification can be systematically observed and formed as the urban landscape for
the old town regeneration.

Keywords
Urban formation resistance, Historical stratification, Urban landscape, Old town,
Tainan

46 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Features of architectural and planning transformations of small

towns of Central Siberia in the middle of 20th century (on the
example of Uzhur and Bogotol towns)
Zakharchenko Elizaveta, Zakharchenko Tatyan
Institute of Art and Design. Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Territories transformation of small towns in Central Siberia in the analyzed period
was primarily a consequence of government program industrial development of the
USSR east region. The favorable position regarding the railroads - the Siberian
railway and the Achinsk-Abakan road - was instrumental in obtaining the status of
the town by the historical settlements of Bogotol and Uzhur in the first half of the
20th century. At this stage, in the absence of master plans, there were
sporadic building, mainly by individual developers. Planning structure formation of
the investigated small historical cities continued in the late 1940s – early 1950s.
With the aim of streamlining the building cities process and working settlements of
the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Regional Department for Architecture Affairs, the
"Rules for the Construction of Cities" (1953) were developed, on the basis of which
the first master plan of Uzhur (1954, 1957) and Bogotol (1954). According to the
new town planning documents, in both towns the old wooden blocks building were
compacted, some of them were combined into larger planning units. For example, I.
Smirnov, the author of the Uzhur master plan, proposed to organize the urban space
through subordination of elements united by a system of highways, squares and
landscaping. The main Bogotol compositional element, according to a new
document, was the existing the town central square. Its development was supposed
to be stone administrative, cultural and housing estate. Streets and quarters adjoining
the central square were also planned to be built up with two- and three-storey
buildings. With all the proposed transformations, a feature of the new master plans
of both Uzhur and Bogotol was the maximum preservation of the existing streets
and highways network. Conducted research also showed the peculiarities of the
designers thinking, aimed at organizing spaces oriented to the broad masses of the
people, and not to an individual person.

Keywords
Small town, Central Siberia, industrial development, master plan
2018, Siberian Federal University 47
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Streetwall and Plot Pattern: Case Studies in Nanjing, China

Lian Tang, Wowo Ding
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing Universit, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Streetwall is composed of street buildings, which form is the result of three aspects
such as city regulations, land use indicators and plot pattern (Talen, 2012). As plot
is the basic unit that city regulation and land use play their roles, it is proved that
plots with its size, shape and quantity do affect the shape of the streetwall (Tang,
2017). But specific to the detailed mathematic relationships between plot pattern and
the streetwall index such as continuity ratio, the study needs to be continued to
ensure that the results can be used to control the streetwall in urban design process,
especially in modern cities. Therefore, based on certain settings of city regulations
and land use indicators, the paper tries to find the mathematical relations between
plot size, quantity and indicators and the streetwall continuity. Firstly, several 500
meters’ street samples are built based on the statistics of block size, plot size, plot
quantities, plot orientation and land use indicators in Nanjing City, China. The
samples correspond to several types of size combination, types of land-use
combination, and types of land use indicators. Secondly, based on the existing urban
regulations since 2007, numerous designs on the plots of different type are
experimented, the intervals of the length, the setback, and the distance between
buildings are calculated. Finally, building density, line rate of the streetwall samples
is calculated and the mathematics relationships between them and plot size, quantity,
indicators are established. The paper concludes in several mathematical formulas
considering different types of street, and also concludes the minimum and maximum
of the plot size and quantity which correspond to the most discontinuous and most
continuous streetwalls.

Keywords
Streetwall, streetwall continuity, plot pattern, street buildings

48 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Impact of Island City in the Post- Apartheid South Africa: Focus
on Bantustans
Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha, Lovemore Chipungu
University of KwaZulu-Natal, SA
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Since the doctrine of apartheid as legislated racial separation was introduced
following the National Party’s assumption of power in 1948, it has been inextricably
bound up with urbanization. At the national scale, the creation of so-called
‘homelands’ or ‘bantustans’ for the African majority of the population, was largely
an attempt to constrain urbanization, with the notorious ‘pass laws’ controlling entry
to the cities in a manner consistent with demands for labour. The South African cities
were therefore subjected to artificial, unnatural growth patterns brought about by
apartheid planning that legitimated exclusionary practices in the city and which
created and maintained racial, social and class differences between people. This was
even more so in the 1990s when it became clearer that urban forms and patterns in
many parts of the world were going the way of intensifying segregation,
fragmentation and splintering, resulting in deepening intra-urban inequalitie. More
than two decades after the end of apartheid, urban settlement planning in a
democratic South Africa has created secluded settlements with fragmented public
services delivery such as police service, health service, emergency services, (fire
trucks and ambulances), transport service and a host of other municipal services
(waste removal, water and electricity provision). These settlements are isolated in
any terms from mainstream city development and also reflect a mismatch to
development trajectory of the country’s economy, which is marked at the second
largest economy on the continent. In this case, from the essence of this mismatch or
misfit, sprouts the concept of an Island City. This paper therefore, discusses the
concept of an island city from the backdrop of an apartheid city. It interrogates the
perpetuation of spatial inequality in former Bantustan urban centres which in this
context continue existing as “islands”. The argument stems from a concerning
challenge confronting the post-apartheid government to eradicate legacies
associated with the apartheid regime.

Keywords
Apartheid City, Island City, Bantustans, Townships, Rent seeking, Service Delivery,
Post-Apartheid

2018, Siberian Federal University 49

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

From «Urban Heritage Preserves» to Controlled Development of

Historical Urban Environments
Kholodova Lyudmila P.
Ural State University of Architecture and Art, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Numerous concepts and theories have been developed concerning the conservation
of architectural historical heritage. Given the recognition that the concept of "view
of the world» is changing, the scientific community is recognizing that the "view of
values” concepts are also changing. This means the process of historical architectural
heritage conservation itself is undergoing transformations. The issue of architectural
heritage conservation should now be considered on various levels: whole world,
country, region, city, borough, and neighborhood. Moreover, the issue of historical
architectural heritage conservation should be consistent with the latest globalization
concepts.

Keywords
Historical architectural heritage conservation, globalization, architectural heritage
research methodology

50 2018, Siberian Federal University

PSUF – POST SOCIALIST URBAN FORM
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A Comprehensive View on Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure of

the largest Post-Soviet Cities in Russia
Ptichnikova Galina A.
Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban
Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of
Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation,
Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The article describes the development trends of urban spatial structure of the largest
Russian cities since the 1990s to the present. The author considers the urban density as a
key concept in the description of a city’s urban spatial structure. Other three key
characteristics of cities are population size, the total area of the city and urban morphology.
This paper discusses the analytical opportunities that recent data offer in regard to an
objective and transparent measurement of urban density patterns of largest cities in Russia.
The author applies this approach to 10 cities to demonstrate the analytical capacity of
spatially-refined density indicators for the purposes of comparative urban research.
In so doing, the article examines the features of the change in the morphology of post-
Soviet cities. Transformation of urban morphology is the performance parameters of the
spatial organization of buildings, vertical functional zoning, changing the ratio of built-up
and open spaces in the existing planning units of the urban fabric; new configurations of
inter planning. The author has identified the factors influencing the change in the
morphology of cities, including the conduct of the “global events”. Eventful cities are most
actively changing their structure, which is strengthened by various functional elements that
correspond to the type of global events (sports, cultural, recreational and political).
Detailed study of urban development at the level of morphological units allowed us to
formulate the following conclusions. First, the return to the use of historical traditional
morphotypes in the projects of new residential development; secondly, the transformation
of traditional historical morphotypes; in the third, the invasion of new morphotypes, urban
blocks that were previously not peculiar to Soviet cities. The author gives the
characteristics of new morphotypes (urban blocks) which are similar to the morphotypes
of Asian cities (compounds).
The study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the concept of urban
density in the analysis of urban spatial structure and urban morphology of post-soviet cities.
The results of the morphological analysis of the development of contemporary Russian
cities can be used for the prediction of the urban structure future development.

Keywords
Urban spatial structure, urban morphology, morphotype, urban blocks, density
measures, built density, post-soviet city
2018, Siberian Federal University 53
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Spatial imbalance of urban development of settlements and ways of

its solution in modern conditions
Shubenkov Mikhail V.
Moscow Institute of architecture (state Academy), Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
At present, spatial redistribution of emphasis and change in the proportions of population
growth in cities of different sizes and places in the resettlement system are developing.
This is indicated by the facts of losses from underutilization of the potential of small and
medium-sized cities and excessive rates of extensive growth of large and large cities, the
exhaustion of their territorial resources, irrational functional zoning of the territory,
contributing to an unjustified increase in the travel distance. The article discusses the issues
of regulation of urban development as part of resettlement systems in order to form a
balanced socio-economic and territorial organization of resettlement in the country and its
individual regions.
The concept of overcoming significant differences in the conditions and way of life of
urban and rural population, resolution of regional socio-economic imbalances,
inconsistency and incompleteness of development of resettlement facilities, lagging social,
transport and engineering infrastructure. The socio-spatial trends in the development of
resettlement systems are conditioned by new principles of social planning based on the
achievement of greater social equality for the population living in cities and rural
settlements.
The town - planning aspect of regulation in this case is based on identification and
accounting of territorial conditions of overcoming of distinctions in living standards and
provision with servicing infrastructures of various social and demographic groups thanks
to scientific and technical achievements in the field of information and computer
technologies of the last decades.
Stabilization and growth of economic potential of small towns and settlements will reduce
the size of undesirable labor pendulum migrations, expand the spatial scale of social and
functional interaction of settlements in the settlement system, ensure rational use of natural
resources.
At present, the task of urban development is to find new ways to form dynamically stable
spatial systems, to develop new approaches to architectural and spatial support of modern
post-industrial social processes, the continuous development of cultural heritage.

Keywords
Spatial imbalance, urban development, settlement system, territorial organization
of cities, regulation of social and spatial development

54 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Utopia and crisis of the post-socialist city: historical transformations

of the 19th and 20th century Moscow
Evgeniya Bobkova
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of
Technology, Sweden
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The urban history of Moscow, as well as the history of its masterplans, has been
thoroughly described in many urban studies (French, 1995; Stanilov, 2007; Taylor
& Kukina, 2017), not least in relation to the political processes of the 20th century
that had an immense influence on the formation of cities in post-socialist block.
In this paper, the logic behind the historical evolution of Moscow in the 19th and
20th century will be iscussed, and the aim here is to introduce another perspective
of looking at the well-known history of Moscow urban transformations.
It is proposed, that the evolution of the city is the constant alternative process
between the state of utopia and the state of crises. The state of utopia is usually
featured by the new visions that are meant to solve the existing urban problems of
that time. The state of crisis, that usually follows, is marked by the externality effects
of realised visions and usually results into urban problems on another level of scale:
again marking the necessity of new visions. Technological developments are integral
to these processes: they are used as the instruments to solve urban problems, but at
the same time, they cause unexpected outcomes that have to be dealt with on another
turn of urban evolution of the city (Harvey, 2003; Read, 2009; Bobkova, 2014).
To demonstrate the concept, three key periods of Moscow urban evolution will be
studied. First, the development of Moscow as the 19th – early 20th century industrial
city will be analysed; second, the transformation of Moscow as the first socialist
capital in the 1930s; and finally, – post-war development of the city that involved
large-scale constructions of dormitory districts in urban periphery.
The intended outcome of the paper is to outline a more technical approach to the
historical analysis of Moscow urban evolution. The technological space and the
scale of interventions are crucial aspects here that enable us to understand the hidden
logic of planning failures of the past, and, possibly, to reformulate more precisely,
what are the particular features of post-socialist cities that make them so distinctive.

Keywords
Moscow, urban evolution, urban history, technological space, scalar
transformations

2018, Siberian Federal University 55

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Department store's role in modernization and “demodernization” of

city centers in ex-Yugoslavia
Vladan Djokic, Aleksandra Djordjevic, Ana Zoric
Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The period between 1966 and 1995 is characterized by a constant need for the
modernization of society and cities. Department store, introduced as a Western
economic model of consumer culture, was established in Yugoslavia after 1960’s
economic reform. This typology had great influence on the market and consumer
society in Yugoslavia but had also changed the image and the way central areas in
the former Yugoslavia functioned. This paper has two goals. On one hand, it should
examine the influence of consumerism in the socialist society of Yugoslavia on the
positioning, function, design and construction of the "Belgrade" Department Stores
buildings. On the other hand, we believe that the politics of consumer society, mass
production and consumerism integrated into the objects of department stores
significantly influenced the planning and design of city development which can be
followed through morphogenic approach.
Today, „Belgrade“ department stores, built in more than 30 cities with 44 buildings
in total, cannot satisfy newest demands in shopping and trade, remain as such in
central positions, but with marginalized function. They cannot be perceived only as
an economic model, as it was done during the 2009 reconstruction, since this
approach cannot provide an adequate solution for reuse, nor can their meaning be
understood in the history of city development. These buildings have been printed on
postcards, and as such presented a symbol of modernization and tradition as well as
a hallmark of a time and ideology that is still insufficiently known. Research on
department store's previous role in modernization and today’s unfortunate
contribution to demodernization of city centers can not only help establish a different
approach in a contemporary design and reconstruction but can also address the need
to bring them back the significance that they had for society and city or give them a
new one.

Keywords
Department stores, Yugoslavia, morphogenesis, modernization, demodernization

56 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Morphological transitions in Portuguese social housing: Lisbon,

1933-1974
Cabrita Maria, Marat-Mendes Teresa
Lisbon University Institute, Portugal
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Between 1933 and 1974, during Portuguese dictatorship, it was established a
national housing policy, which found materialization in a number of new housing
neighbourhoods. In Lisbon, two of these neighbourhoods, ‘Encarnação’ (ca.1939-
1946) and ‘Olivais Norte’ (ca.1959-1970) resulted therefore in two distinct
morphological units.
While the first example can be characterized by the uniqueness of its two-storey
semi-detached houses, placed in individual lots and distributed throughout a peculiar
symmetric urban plan, which was centred on a main axis connecting the main focal
points of public facilities; the second case, is characterized by collective residential
typologies, distributed through tower blocks and horizontal bands, throughout an
urban plan which privileged collective open spaces, distributed throughout a
hierarchy of streets. Thus, if for the first case, the urban model seems to be a final
nineteenth century rural perspective, on the second case the urban model is already
inspired on the Athens Charter and its subsequent principles of modern urbanism,
inclunding however socio-cultural and interdisciplinary concerns advocated by
CIAM after WWII.
Although based on distinct housing programmes, these two neighbourhoods
correspond to two sequential periods of the same housing policy. The differences
between the two urban realities express therefore, in a certain way, a paradox within
the Portuguese dictatorial context, whose ideology was clearly expressed on the first
housing programme, through the Economic Houses.
This presentation aims to discuss the results of an ongoing investigation, based on a
contextualized typological analysis methodology, in order to identify the factors that
sustained the identified changes of housing paradigm. We believe that these changes
occurred in a specific period of cultural transition with deep impacts on the
residential typologies, still little known, which certainly overcomes the Portuguese
Congress of Architecture, in 1948, which is the most quoted reference in the history
of modern architecture in Portugal.

Keywords
Morphological changes, social housing, residential typologies, architectural
culture, dictatorship, urban models

2018, Siberian Federal University 57

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
Skopje’s urbanism of everything is possible – How does it compare to other
post-socialist urbanisms?
Todor Stojanovski
Urban and Regional Studies, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Almost all the Balkan countries have experienced a prolonged post-socialist
transition. “Everything is possible”, the advertisement for Skopsko, the beer brewed
by Skopje’s Brewery, deeply reflects this transitional age.
These post-socialist countries inherited strong technocratic/bureaucratic planning
institutions that suddenly faced a neoliberal paradigm. In the Republic of
Macedonia, the notion that everything is possible turned entrepreneurs into
bureaucrats and bureaucrats into entrepreneurs in the 1990s. The so-called urban
mafia (entrepreneurial bureaucratic complex) shaped Skopje project-by-project,
building-by-building for almost 15 years. Between 2006 and 2016, a new
entrepreneurial government triggered an unexpected turn towards national
romanticism while keeping a spirit of socialist technocracy/bureaucracy. This period
had a profound effect on Skopje as a capital. The national government put roughly
a half a billion euros on neo-baroque urban makeup of Skopje (officially vision
Skopje 2014) that added an exotic post-socialist historical urban layer. Now Skopje
has public spaces surrounded by Las (Skopj)V(egas) postmodern eclectic façades
and gigantic sculptures that evoke immense surprise equally among citizens and
tourists. The government won the election, but did not managed to make a
governmental majority in 2017. The new government promise a swift removal of the
national romantic period.
This paper argues that Skopje’s urbanization of everything is possible does not
compare to other post-socialist urbanisms. The relevance of Skopje 2014 is that it
opens a debate for different futuristic pluralities for unique post-socialist urbanisms,
not a quest for one transitional model for all Balkan countries. Las (Skopj)V(egas)
might look as bizarre manifestation (in terms of kitsch architecture and sculptures)
of national romantic technocracy/bureaucracy and governmental power, but it shows
that if there is a vision and political support, (in this case unexpected) urban
transformation and development can happen even in post-socialist Balkan countries
stuck in lengthy transition and melancholy.

Keywords
Post-socialist, urbanism, Skopje, futurism, pluralities

58 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands
Transformation experience of public spaces of residential areas in the second
half of the ХХ century in Germany
Gorsha Anastasiia, Kukina Irina V., Chui Iana V.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The degradation of panel areas in Germany has led to the outflow of the population
in the most attractive and comfortable areas for housing. As a result this outflow led
the Federal and local authorities of Germany to consider the transformation of areas
and improve the quality of life in them in accordance with new requirement.
Spaces in the areas of panel construction of the second half of the twentieth century
are characterized by an excess of open spaces and greenery. Consequently, these
spaces are perceived as too empty, unused, uncontrolled and as reserve areas for the
development of social infrastructure.
The study of the positive experience of transformable public spaces in the regions
of Germany (Berlin – Fennpfuhl, Marzahn; Dresden – Prohlis, Gorbitz; Halle –
Silberhöhe, Neustadt) was conducted from the standpoint of sustainable
development in three areas - social, environmental and economic. In addition,
architectural and historical features of the territories, types of housing and lifestyle,
the mentality of the country, as well as the specifics of the legislation and regulatory
framework were taken into account.
The study revealed changes in the functional and social use of public areas.
A large role in the development of public spaces is assigned to the issues of
landscape organization aimed at preserving the natural features, identification of
areas, environmental education of residents, involving them in the design process
and the implementation of the project.
The creation of a continuous system of green spaces that leads to preserved or
restored natural environment can be traced in some districts.
Such experience can form the basis of transformation of public spaces in residential
areas of the "post-socialist" period in Russia and other countries.

Keywords
Areas of panelized buildings, public spaces, transformation of architectural
environment

2018, Siberian Federal University 59

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Problems of effective land use and environmental planning in cities:

the case-study of Baku
Nagiyev Nizami H., Gahramanova Shahla Sh., İsbatov İlgar A.
Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Azerbaijan
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
Urban environment is a dynamic system of interrelated elements which is adabtable
to the evolution of human needs and aspirations. It includes natural and man-made
factors, which should provide ecological balance and determine the living
conditions. Urban development implies the use of significant areas and thereby it
affects the transformation of the environment. This paper focuses on research of
methods of effective land use control through urban planning to increase
longetivety and life quality in cities and suburbs.
Understanding environment problems are keys to effective planning of land use.
Urban growth leads to increasing of technogeneous loading on areas and land
degradation. As a result, the quality and longetivity of life falls down. On the other
hand the increase in number of people in cities and the reduction of lands require a
more intensive land use. Where is the red line? This paper will highlights some of
key findings in recent researches, which show how economic and social aspects are
connected to effective land use control through urban planning to increase life
quality in cities and suburbs. The paper will then suggest how urban development of
Baku city and its suburbs can be adapted to adress the research findings. The method
allows determining an optimal strategy of effective land-use and environmental
planning in cities. These findings can be applied in design process of Baku city
development and other cities of Azerbaijan.

Keywords
Effective land use, environmental planning, Baku city, urban planning, economic
and social aspects, life quality

60 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Soviet legacy in the urban morphology of major Russian cities

Ekaterina Saveleva
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
All post-Soviet cities look similar. They also demonstrate similar development
trends, have similar issues and like no other illustrate the concept of 'path-
dependency'. As a consequence of very specific political and economic conditions
for their development, these cities have acquired distinctive features and elements
of urban structure, and today's planners have to deal with the imprint left by the
Soviet era.
Due to the longest history of 'socialist experiment' Russia became the main ground
for implementing the Soviet urban-planning model and today its cities present a rich
empirical base for studying the consequences of the systemic impact of the
administrative-command system as a substitute to the market.
The study draws attention to the Russian cities with a population of over 1 million
people since the typical problems and the need for the effective urban form are more
pronounced there. The author consistently discusses a range of the urban form
characteristics of the major Russian cities looking for the similar traits in their
morphology. The aspects considered include settlement size and general density
along with the spatial distribution of population evaluated by means of three
indicators: density profile, density gradient and dispersion index, the structural form
and the network configuration.

Keywords
Post-Soviet, major Russian cities, quantitative indicators of urban form

2018, Siberian Federal University 61

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Rethinking Evolution of Spatial Structure of Russian Microdistrict

on Post - Soviet Space
Kukina Irina V., Fedchenko Irina G.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The residential planning units are indivisible in their overall structure,
morphologically identical, like the medieval city. Their self-sufficiency and viability
of the structure is confirmed by the presence of planning boundaries, social
institution in the form of churches, schools; open public core as a market, square;
separation into formations of lower order (Lawhon, 2009, Patricios, 2002).
The first step of the morphological post-socialist evolution of the residential units
was the market colonization on the public open spaces. This process led to the
formation of the pedestrian network connecting the core, attractive public service
facilities, recreational, educational. Next was the change in the usage of the territory,
then the expansion of the architectural typology of residential buildings. (Kukina,
Pozdniakova 2011)
The morphogenesis of modern elementary residential planning units is a
combinatory of their basic planning models. The analysis of the Russian
microdistricts showed that they were mostly the combinations of discrete and
perimeter forms. In the cities of Eastern Europe, the reconstruction of the
communities was carried out under the motto "communities of communities"
(Condon, 2009). The combinations of the micro district and neighborhood concepts
in the one morphotype could be ascertaied in China (Duanfang Lu, 2006). All of
analyzed were considered as the comprehensive urban landscape units and could be
defined as land-use units according to Conzenian terminology.
At the beginning of the XXI century the criterion of sustainable residential areas is
understood as providing conditions for their flexible and adaptive redevelopment.
To ensure urban planning and project integration, local documents for the
development monitoring are used, while respecting the principles of participation of
citizens and interested groups in the planning process.
The results of the morphological analysis of elementary residential planning units of
the modern city can be used for the prediction of their future development.

Keywords
Morphogenesis, elementary residential planning units, market colonization,
adaptive redevelopment, micro district, neighborhood, community
62 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Streets without doors; a twentieth century phenomenon?

Ivor Samuels1, Anna Agata Kantarek2
1
Urban Morphology Research Group, School of Geography, University of
Birmingham, UK
2
Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Urban design practice over the last half-century has been dominated by the
destruction of the street and the perimeter block followed by more recent efforts to
resurrect them as the main elements of urban form. This process was clearly set out
by Panerai et al in 1977 followed by its updated English translation of 2004 which
documented the return to the street. Recent work on Nowa Huta has suggested that
this was a simplification and that this New Town, where the first stage was built in
the 1950s, represents an example of a type neglected in the literature. However it
was pointed out that in this interpretation of the neighbourhood unit while there are
streets, the apartments were all entered from inside the urban block – which raises
the question as to whether they are really streets (in spite of the praise of New
Urbanists) since there is no direct connection from the private realm of the dwelling
to the city wide public realm of the street. Subsequent work noted similar forms in
Austria, England and Italy. This paper discusses these experiences and the extent
to which these designs relate to the social and political contexts that shaped them,
contemporary gated communities in liberal market societies and historic forms such
as monasteries and walled cities.

Keywords
Urban block, street, neighbourhood unit, urban form in interwar and post war
Austria, England. Italy, Poland, New Urbanism

2018, Siberian Federal University 63

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The post-Soviet stage of urban development of Zheleznogorsk:

transformation from the ideal to the rational space
Yamaletdinov Sergey F.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Zheleznogorsk (former Krasnoyarsk-26 till 1993) is a unique phenomenon of Soviet
urban planning – a closed city. During the USSR period, closed cities were under
the special care of the state, being the basis of the country's defense. Significant
amounts of funding for closed cities, as well as a special system of management of
the military nuclear industry, in which customers, designers and developers acted
within the same Ministry, have created favorable conditions for integrated design
and full implementation of design solutions.
The design of closed cities took place in the framework of urban planning concepts
in accordance with the general direction of the Soviet architecture of the second half
of the XX century. Zheleznogorsk can be called an ideal Soviet city, because its
formation and development fully reflected the principles of Soviet urban planning.
The established at the Soviet stage planning structure of Zheleznogorsk includes
three residential areas, each of which is an example of a certain approach to the
formation of residential territories. The Northern residential area (1950-ies) is
characterized by the creation of complete planning structures, the manifestation of
the ensemble principles. The Eastern (1960 –1970-ies) and Southern (1980-ies –
early 1990-ies) areas are an example of implementation of the principles of zoning
and free planning.
The article deals with the post-Soviet stage of urban development of Zheleznogorsk,
when social and economic changes in the country have led to the gradual
abandonment of the Soviet urban model and transition to new mechanisms of urban
areas.
The post-Soviet stage of development of the closed city can be divided into two
periods of time. In the 1990-ies there was a gradual “curtailment”of the
implementation of the last master plan, which led to the emergence of "unfilled "
areas of the territory, which in subsequent years were formed on the principles of
rational (commercial) use. It concerned, first of all, buildings of the 4-th residential
district in the Southern residential area. Since the 2000s, remaining closed the cities
have lost their "special" position. The mechanisms of the market economy, which
are based on rational commercial relations, have influenced the entire territory of the
city.

Keywords
Krasnoyarsk-26, Zheleznogorsk, a closed city, post-Soviet urban planning, urban
space

64 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Preservation, localization and use of historical industrial buildings in

Krasnoyarsk
Sergunicheva Elena
Civil Engineering Institute , Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Krasnoyarsk has been a major industrial center of Siberia from olden times. As a rule,
industrial facilities were located on a frontier zone of a built-up area.
Growing fast, the city assimilated railway workshops dated the end of the XIX century just
after construction of the Siberian Railway and Industrial Zones on the Left bank of the
Yenisei River which were the legacy of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
The architectural appearance of the historical industrial facilities is diverse, space and
layout design is often creatively different and have no analogues in the industrial
architecture far beyond the city and the region: shallow solid-cast doubly bent shell roof of
the former ORGTECHSTROY trust, north-light roof and folded arch covers of Silk
Factory, steel cable roofs and a lot more.
Buildings and structures erected by standard design solutions are also of great interest.
Modern use of redesigned industrial facilities focuses often on public-inhabited function:
shopping and entertainment centers on the territory of the TV Production Plant and the Gift
Factory transformed into hotel and restaurant complex.
Utilitarian approach to these construction facilities does not always give a positive result
both in terms of their longevity and in terms of refreshing the architectural look of the
buildings themselves and their harmonization with the surrounding buildings. Many of
them are lost or destroyed irrevocably due to their great disrepair or other reasons (the
railway bridge across the Yenisei River and the Eiffel Tower are equals in age; workshops
on the territory of the TV Production Plant dated middle of the 20th century).
The modern requirements to the design solutions from the comfort and environmental
safety point of view make it particularly difficult. For instance, the requirements to
surroundings vary dramatically: built-up density, amenities and landscaping, availability
of parking space, accessibility for people with limited mobility, etc.
Reviewing of positive examples of fitting of historical industrial buildings resulting from
the development of built-up area and taking into consideration the failure of design choices
for reconstruction and refurbishment allows to form approaches and methods for
completing design tasks.

Keywords
Industrial buildings, friendly urban environment, reconstruction of industrial
facilities

2018, Siberian Federal University 65

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Transformation of the city of Ufa planning structure

Baymuratova Svetlana Kh., Baymuratov Ramil F., Sabitov Ildar N.
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
In the development of any city there trace some longstanding time periods during
which characteristic features of structural and functional system organization are
generally preserved. Every period includes a series of fluctuating cycles, named «the
growth –structural reorganization». The duration of each era and the nature of
applicable structural and functional organization are determined by the space
exploration opportunities conditioned by a corresponding level of social
development. A new era starts when traditional spatial development reserves
become a completely spent force. Such logical pattern is rather coherent with the
available empirical data and theories of urban development.
Global development, as well as any other system, consists of cyclic processes.
Technological paradigms, economic cycles, etc. may be related thereto.
In view of the foregoing, it is obvious that all cities are developing within the context
of global civilization waves.
The analysis of territorial and special development dynamics of the city of Ufa has
revealed that urban planning pattern development is congruent with certain cycles
associated with structural transformation.
The task of the conducted research was to synchronize the city of Ufa development
cycles with global and Russian-wide processes to understand the position of our city
in a common trend and to specify possible ways of its development, to detect existing
and possible functional and structural transformations and to determine the factors
causing such changes.
The research has shown that the development of Ufa city is divided into several
periods, each being induced by urban structure passing a certain threshold:
functional, structural, physical, technological and transition to a new qualitative
level of development. Thereat, the urban development has a cyclical nature covering
the following phases: extensive development, equilibrium, intensive development.
Urban development cycles formation is associated with global world and nation-
wide factors.

Keywords
City, structure, transformation, period, cycle

66 2018, Siberian Federal University

THE EVOLUTION OF URBAN FORM UNDER
THE SOCIAL INFLUENCE
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Society, geopolitics, icono-cartography, historical atlases and urban

forms. Thoughts from a case study
Pier Giorgio Gerosa
Institute Faculté des Sciences Historiques, Université de Strasbourg, France
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The 2018 seminar is dedicated to «Urban form and social context», a theme that has always
been present within ISUF - without a satisfactory processing so far. One must then wonder
whether it is correct to pose the problem in this way, placing urban form on the one hand,
and on the other society interpreted reductively as a «context».
In reality one should rather admit that the city is something complex, or better, an entity
belonging to different areas or layers of being and of knowledge - a pluriepistemic entity.
This simple philosophical remark is known at least since the 6th C. AD (Isidore of Seville),
but does not seem to have entered the thought of the city's professionals, who prefer to
consider urban form as something "in its own right" or apart, per se.
In this way the underlying problem is hidden, that of the ontology of the city, of which
form is a component. The relationship of the latter to society is not a contextual but a
dynamic one - in being and in time - and involves the question of spatiality.
However, I do not intend to explicitly address these issues in Krasnoyarsk's seminar, since
to these problems I have dedicated other works and activities within ISUF and outside it
(Gerosa 1993, 1998a, 1999a, 1999b, 2001b, 2008a, 2008b, 2010).
Instead, I would like to draw attention to an undervalued aspect of this problem.
The ontological dynamics that links society and geospatial form in fact raises the problem
of geometric-figurative representation (especially the bi-dimensional one) of the urban
form itself, and even before its perception and its survey.
Strangely enough, this aspect has hardly been dealt within ISUF. There are evidently some
references. Very correctly, M.R.G. Conzen subtitled his Alnwick seminal book «town plan
analysis», but later this clarity was lost. Even worse, it has been replaced by the confusion
between three different urban «things»: form, morphology, and plan.
My presentation wants precisely to show a glimpse on the question of the iconographic and
cartographic representation of the city as a particular case of the dynamics that links society
and urban geospatial form. It will show how political, social and economic entities and
events exert an influence on the city and its representation. In particular, the geopolitical
aspects will be examined. It aims is to integrate, already within the society, the spatial side
of the beings.
The presentation will have a non-general but a particular (or idiographic) character and
will show, based on my previous research (Gerosa 1998b, 2001a, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012)
a case study: the evolution, from the 16th C. to the 19th, of the icono-cartographic
representation of the cities of the current Canton and Republic of Ticino, as a territory
oscillating between the State of Milan and the Swiss Confederation, and crossed by one of
the major transit routes on the European continent. And this in the background of the
invention and the circulation of geo-architectural forms and poetics and of the development
of republican and democratic freedom.

Keywords
Urban morphological theory; Urban landscape: history and socio-cultural
transformations
2018, Siberian Federal University 69
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urboecological zoning of the Krasnoyarsk city

Sergey M. Gerashchenko1, Irina M. Popelnitskaya2, Anna Semenova3,
Natalya G. Shilina4
1
School of Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University, 2School of Ecology
and Geography Siberian Federal University, 3School of Economics, Management
and Environmental Studies, Siberian Federal University, 4Krasnoyarsk State
Medical University named after Prof. V.F.Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
In the presented paper the main critical factors of development are allocated and
measures for improvement of quality and comfort of the city environment on the
basis of regression model on the panel data with the determined effects are offered.
Being an urbanized territory, Krasnoyarsk is a multi-component system that has
similar ecological, social, economic and architectural planning problems for most
industrial cities. In accordance with the concept of sustainable development of urban
areas urban development should be aimed at creating an optimal environment. The
urban environment should not be contaminated. On the other hand, pollution is a
direct consequence, an integral part of human activity and large cities pose a threat
to the environment in terms of its environmental safety. It is crucial to take into
account the problem of preserving landscapes, as well as the existing anthropogenic
load on residential, recreational and industrial zones developing the city.
In order to assess the territory as a whole and construct a regression model of panel
data with deterministic effects, the following social, economic, and environmental
indicators were selected:
economic - the volume of industrial production; investments in fixed assets, fixed
assets, business financial outcomes, personal incomes, transport and infrastructure
development;
social - demographic and migration indicators, services and trade development level,
quality of education, health indicators;
environmental performance – impacts to the environment: pollution of atmospheric
air from stationary and mobile sources, intake and discharge of water, waste
generation rate, recreational zones, disturbed landscapes.
“Statistics version 10” and “STATA” analysis packages were used to calculate the
model, plot graphs, and charts for the research.
The rank of administrative urban areas showed uneven development, which must be
taken into account for the modern architectural and planning activities aimed at the
city development.

Keywords
Urbanized area, zoning, regression model

70 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Campus and the City: the role of piloti as social integrator at the
Catholic University of Pernambuco, in Recife, Brazil
Canuto Robson, Nóbrega Maria L.C., Sena Andreyna
Catholic University of Pernambuco, Brazil
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
This work aims to understand factors of space configuration that promote patterns
of pedestrian movement and social interactions at the campus of the Catholic
University of Pernambuco, located in Recife, at the State of Pernambuco, in Brazil.
It is composed of four large urban blocks and a number of modern buildings with
piloti, whose configuration facilitates not only pedestrian movements throughout the
urban blocks, but also the establishment of different types of activities. The
methodology is based on the Social Logic of Space Theory, better known as Space
Syntax. The work is structured in three parts: (1) Urban campus, which presents an
overview of the evolution of universities and relations between campus and cities;
(2) Paths of an urban campus that presents spatial analysis in two scales (global and
local scales); and (3) The piloti as social integrator, which presents discussions on
socio-spatial role of piloti. Space Syntax techniques (axial maps of global and local
integration) allowed to understand the nature of pedestrian movements and its social
performance. It is verified that the piloti plays a fundamental role in integrating the
city and the campus, responsible for attracting urban rather than educational
activities.

Keywords
Public space, urban campus, space syntax, urban morphology

2018, Siberian Federal University 71

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

A REFUGEE PATTERN LANGUAGE – RPL

Cluster 2: Leaving Place – Arrival Country
Hajo Neis, Briana Meier, Tomoki Furukawazono
Department of Architecture, Portland Urban Architecture Research Laboratory
PUARL, University of Oregon, USA
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
PUARL is developing A Pattern Language for Refugees in Europe and beyond as a
framework for dealing with planning and designing for refugees. The pattern method
combines social and spatial aspects in a unique way and is used by numerous social
disciplines as well as environmental disciplines and architecture. Originally written
by Alexander, Ishikawa, Silverstein, and others, the original book A Pattern
Language comprises a collection of 253 patterns that range in scale and mode from
large regions to cities and towns to construction details. In this book, the traditional
use and idea of patterns has been transformed into a modern system that can be used
by designers, planners and builders today.
The paper will share a draft pattern language for refugee life and integration (starting
with the example of the refugee family) and will include the following domains and
sub-domains with about 5-7 patterns each: 1. The Refugee Family (finished draft).
2. Welcome Country Arrival Place. 3. Arrival City – Urban Life and Infrastructure.
4. Housing, Living, and Live-Work; 5. Working and Socioeconomic Integration; 6.
Learning; 7. Administrative Support; 8. Health; 9. Recreation and Clubs; 10. Culture
and Religion; 11. Transportation and Communication. 12. Taking Care and Actual
Personal Help.
Chapter or cluster two is dealing with the escape and often Odyssee of refugees from
their home place in search of a new country, city and place to start a new life, thereby
often affecting and modifying the urban and neighborhood structure of an arrival
place and welcoming city in a new country.

Keywords
Refugees, Arrival City, Assimilation – Europe, Transformation, Urban
Morphology, Building Projects

72 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Research on Transformation of City-Landscape Boundary Type and

Adjacent Urban Fabric in Hubin Area of Hangzhou
Zhehan Lin
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, People’s Republic
of China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This paper studies the transformation of the boundary type and adjacent urban fabric
in Hubin (lakeside) area of Hangzhou from 1912 to 2018. Since ancient times, Hubin
area has connected Hangzhou ancient city with the world heritage site West Lake.
As a special boundary between nature and city since ancient times, Hubin area
is also the most prosperous area in Hangzhou. After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911,
the government of the Republic China tore down the lakeside city walls in 1912,
making Hubin area seamlessly integrated with West Lake. Later on, the government
of both the Republic China and People’s Republic of China have reconstructed
Hubin area for several times to meet the constantly changing needs of the time.
The reconstructions based on different needs of the time have influenced the
changes of city-nature boundary. Through diachronic research, the paper divides the
evolution of Hubin area in recent years as four major stages according to its
dominant functions, including lane housing stage, new urban area stage, people’s
part stage and CRBD stage. Different dominant functions and relevant social factors
have significantly influenced this boundary area in many respects including its
openness, accessibility, density and enclosure degree of adjacent city and so on. As
the bond of urban area and landscape, Hubin area also changes with the boundary
and fabric, and shows unique advantages in urban expansions.
The research on the evolution of Hubin area has demonstrated the advantages and
disadvantages in the evolution process of open and closed, public and private, large-
scale and medium and small-scale buildings in city-landscape boundary and adjacent
streets. It has provided basic guides for urban development in the future and also
offered reference for the city-landscape boundary of other cities in China.

Keywords
Transformation, city-landscape boundary, urban fabric, dominant function, social
factors, openness, accessibility

2018, Siberian Federal University 73

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Study on urban morphological characteristics and evolution in Lhasa

Yuan Huang1, Pu Bian2, Yanxiao Pan1
1
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
2
Tibet University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
With the rapid development of urban modernization in Lhasa, urban morphology is
facing unprecedented challenges, and there is a great contradiction between the
protection of cityscape and the development of modernization. According to the
individuation of Lhasa city and the special factors of Tibetan culture, this paper
analyzes the collision between the urban traditional spatial form and modernized
spatial form through the comparison between the spontaneous growth pattern and
unitized layout pattern in Lhasa.
The spontaneous growth pattern is mainly represented by the areas formed by
Tibetan Buddhism culture gravitation ,such as the Jokhang Temple Area and the
Sera Monastery Area, and the communities formed by the citizens' independent
construction ,such as the Gamalgongsan Community and Cusongtang Community),
and the unitized layout pattern is the compulsory planning area mainly built by the
government ,such as Chengguan Garden, Tibet Convention and Exhibition Center,
Yu Tuo Road block. This paper analyzes and describes the urban texture, the street
spatial features, the architectural prototypes, the environmental landscape elements,
the architectural skin features and the living conditions of the citizens under the two
models, and quantitatively compares the spatial morphology indexes ,such as
building height, building density, floor area ratio, street aspect ratio, etc . This paper
attempts to explore the development features and evolution patterns of the urban
morphology in Lhasa so as to provide theoretical support and reference for the
research of individualized and localized urban forms in Lhasa and other Tibet cities
in the future.

Keywords
Spontaneous growth pattern, unitized layout pattern, morphological types, Tibetan
culture, Lhasa city

74 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The evolution of Chinese Work Unit System and its influence on plot
development: the case in Nanjing
Lina Zhang, Wowo Ding
School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Nanjing University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Social and economic policy has a profound influence on urban form development,
besides urban planning, urban coding and site indicate. With the different
backgrounds of social and economic policies, the managements of urban
development are discrepant, thus the outcomes of urban form are diverse. In New
China after 1949, the state chose the Work Unit System as a social organization
form, and at the same time, the Land Utilization Planning System was chosen as
Land management policy. This made China’s urban construction management and
urban form development proceeded on a unique road: instead of plot development,
danwei actually acted as the carrier of urban development. Taking Workers’s
Cultural Palace as a typical case, located in central district of Nanjing City, this paper
illustrated its nine stages of plot development from 1946 till now. The detailed
analysis revealed the intimacy between plot development and the relevant social
managements in China, and interpreted the unique relationship between danwei
development and national vision, urban development, land policy and urban
planning. Through a profound and overall investigation, the specific way of social
influence on plot development in Nanjing can be proved. At the same time, this paper
presented the meaning and role transformation of plot in process of urban form
configuration in China and eventually further deepened the understanding of present
tangible form.

Keywords
Plot development, social organization, Chinese Work Unit System, dawnei, land
policy, Nanjing

2018, Siberian Federal University 75

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Morphological analysis of settlements in the Arctic: a comparative

analysis of four settlements with diverging ideologies on Svalbard
Remco Elric de Koning, Akkelies van Nes
Department of Civil Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences,
Norway
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard contains the northernmost permanently
inhabited settlements in the Arctic region. Two of these are Norwegian settlements:
the ‘capitol’ Longyearbyen was founded as a coal-mining town. Ny-Ålesund is
today an international research settlement. The other two, Pyramiden and
Barentsburg, are Russian coal mining towns, constructed during the former Soviet
Union. The four towns are separated from each other due to the extreme climate and
landscape. Each town has its own local community with limited possibilities to
interact with the other towns. Therefore, they represent unique cases for
understanding the relationship between economic system, two diverging political
ideologies and built form.
In this inquiry, comprehensive morphological analyses are made of the street
network configuration, urban form and the functional distribution pattern to reveal
the differences in settlement patterns. The tools used are those that constitute the
three primary elements of the natural urban transformation process: Space Syntax
(Hillier et al., 1993), Spacematrix (Berghauser Pont and Haupt, 2009; Rådberg,
1996) and the Mixed-Use Index (van den Hoek, 2009). The theory of the natural
urban transformation process suggests that the spatial configuration of the street
network guides urban developments (Ye and van Nes, 2014). Along well-integrated
streets, the building density and the mix of public functions tends to be higher than
along segregated streets, which tend to be more mono-functional.
The analysis reveals that political ideology influences the types and distribution
pattern of public functions. In capitalistic/liberated economy types of settlements,
public functions along well-integrated streets consist of commercial facilities such
as shops, bars, restaurants, vinmonopolet (alcohol sales point), offices, educational,
governmental and cultural institutions. Since commercial functions are lacking in
(former) communistic/state controlled economy types of settlements, it is housing,
cultural and social facilities and Lenin’s statue that are located along the most highly
integrated streets.

Keywords
Natural urban transformation, Space Syntax, Spacematrix, Mixed-Use Index, arctic
settlements, political ideology

76 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Transformation of the Morphology of Sheesanhang Historical

District in Guangzhou
Li Xin
Institute of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This paper studies the transformation of the morphology of Sheesanhang historical
street block in Guangzhou from 1715 to 2018. The Sheesanhagn used to be the single
port of Qing empire for hundred years, which is a symbolic and commemorative
cultural landscape that records China's transformation from ancient society to
modern society. Today, with a lot of master pieces, it has become a valuable historic
area. The morphology of Sheesanhang went through a significant transformation
process from suburb commercial port wharf into inner city commercial tourism
district during different periods of time, through several destruction and rebuilding.
Through a diachronic study, the morphology of Sheesanhang in different periods can
be presented in several diagrams. Based on the comparison of the textures and the
background events of different stages, the author tries to find the social, cultural and
technological factors behind the morphological evolution. The four transformation
periods are summarized as: commercial port wharf of national level, commercial
port wharf stage of provincial and municipal level, commercial and residential
mixed area, commercial and tourist district, wholesale market gathering area.
The different characteristics of the urban form and the constituent elements in each
period reflect the changes of transportation mode from water transportation to land
transportation as well as the social condition from foreignization to localization and
eventually to capitalization. The research of Sheesanhang presents the influence of
social forces on morphology, which enlightens policy making for urban regeneration
and heritage preservation in Guangzhou's historical districts.

Keywords
Morphology, transformation, historical district, Sheesanhang, social force,
transportation mode

2018, Siberian Federal University 77

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The development of sport facilities in Krasnoyarsk in connection with

the 29th World Winter Universiade 2019
Bliankinshtein Olga N.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Krasnoyarsk has always been a city of an active development of winter sports, a city
where Spartakiads of Peoples of the USSR have been held. During the Soviet period,
many facilities for cross-country skiing, downhill skiing and luge were built. In the
2000s, a ski resort Bobrovy Log, a multifunctional facility Biathlon Academy and
an ice stadium Arena Sever were built in Krasnoyarsk to comply with international
standards. The implementation and successful operation of these facilities, an
expanding engagement of local citizens in sports, especially of youth, the
collaboration of the Siberian Federal University with the Russian Student Sports
Union, the strengthening of the economic status of Krasnoyarsk and the ambitions
of the government have become the basis for the city’s application for hosting the
XXIX World Winter Universiade.
The approval of Krasnoyarsk as the capital of the 2019 Winter Universiade by the
FISU (International University Sports Federation) gave a start to transformations in
the city, primarily to the construction of new sports facilities and improvement of
existing ones.
This article discusses in detail nine major sports complexes which will host
competitions in eight main and three additional sports. Five existing sports facilities
are undergoing changes, they are being reconstructed to fulfill FISU requirements.
Four sports complexes are being built anew on new sites or at the site of complete
dismantling of old structures. Particular attention is brought to the architectural and
spatial organization of a multifunctional complex consisting of several clusters, the
Winter Sports Academy complex, focusing on both the project version and the
version that is being implemented. The creation of this extensive sports complex for
cross-country skiing, snowboarding, freestyle skiing and ski orienteering has caused
significant changes in the landscape and habitual appearance of the Nikolayevskaya
Sopka mountain.
A significant socio-economic effect is expected from the World Winter Universiade
2019. Krasnoyarsk will become a center of attention of the world sports community
and tourism. Sports and infrastructure facilities will become the "legacy" of the
Universiade and will serve the city, making the lives of citizens and city visitors
more diverse, supportive and eventful.

Keywords
Universiade, winter sports facilities, ice arena, cross-country ski and downhill ski
resorts

78 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Space of Justice: Planning as a Tool for Providing Social Equity

Ivan Riaposov
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Social inequality is a stumbling block for sustainability of urban communities.
Unaffordable housing, unfair distribution of public resources, inaccessible
transportation and discrimination in access to policy-making are widespread causes
of social tension, conflicts and riots. Many of these problems are the result of certain
planning decisions.
Always being a part of urban policy, planning was often used as a tool for controlling
and oppressing lower class and minorities whether openly or indirectly. However,
since late 19th century, when most of the largest European cities faced a real threat
of social collapse, planning concepts positioned as a remedy for broken social order
started to appear. The idea of providing equal opportunities for realization of human
needs went through most of planning models from first-half of 20th century, such as
Howard’s ‘Garden City’, Perry’s ‘Neighborhood Unit’ or soviet ‘Microdistrict’. At
the same time, implementation of this idea differed significantly depends on the
political and socioeconomic background. While soviet planning was focused on
providing equal living condition ‘top-down’, including housing standards,
infrastructures, social services and transportation, US and European tradition of
equity planning developing since late 1960th was more concerned with a process,
particularly with involvement of potentially discriminated social groups in decision-
making. This difference in realization of the idea of social equity in planning in post
socialist and capitalist cities is in the focus of this article.
The article also argues that social equity in planning can be measured by access to
realization of human needs and desires, which could be presented hierarchically,
similarly to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: from most basic, such as adequate
housing or primary social services, to more complicated including decision-making
power and cultural identification. The question is how can planning process and
urban environment it shapes provide equal conditions and opportunities for every
citizen. It is not only a matter of professional ethics, but also a key for safe and
sustainable cities.

Keywords
Social sustainability, equity planning, accessibility

2018, Siberian Federal University 79

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Evolution of the city borders of Saint-Petersburg – Leningrad (the

end of the XIX –the end of the XX centuries): causes and results
Vajtens Andrei G.
Saint-Petersburg state university of architecture and civil engineering
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The city borders of Saint-Petersburg – Leningrad were changing in this period under
the influence of the political, social, economic and ecological factors. Up to the end
of the 1870-ies Saint-Petersburg was developing in the evolutional way, without the
definite regulations. In 1880 the elective city bodies – the City Duma and Uprava
worked out the city “Plan of regulation of Saint-Petersburg”, which was confirmed
by the Russian Emperor Alexander the II. According to this Plan, which had the
status of the Russian Law, the city borders were defined by the administrative
division of this city. According to this Plan, the capital of Russia developed up to
1917.
In spite of the heavy post-revolutional period of the 1918 – 1920, architectural
activities survived in Petrograd and was connected with the names of well-known
architects Ivan Fomine and Lev Iljine. In 1924 Petrograd was renamed into
Leningrad. In the Plans of this city, worked out by these architects, the city borders
were moved to the North. Here were the territories, favourables for the dwelling
developments. But in the General Plan of Leningrad, confirmed in 1935, the
orientation of the city development was changed under administrative orders. The
city was planned to develop towards the South and South-West up to 1941. The city
borders were also changed in these directions.
During the World War II, the southern periphery of Leningrad was heavily
destroyed. As the result – the configuration of the city borders was changed in the
new General Plan, confirmed in 1948. The city was planned to develop towards the
North and North West, towards the Gulf of Finland. In the General Plan of 1966,
this orientation of this development was preserved, but the city periphery and
borders were enlarged also towards the South and South-West. This configuration
of the city borders remained up-to day, in spite of the radical changes of 1991.

Keywords
Saint - Petersburg, city borders

80 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

From monocentrism to polycentrism of the Russian city

Gaykova Lyudmila V., Kiselyova Olesya V.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The active processes of urban community development in the Russian city – the
forms and patterns of consumption, the increasing mobility, the intensification of
information and cultural exchanges, self-organization of residents and other
phenomena – now determine the processes of its transformation. The unevenness
and heterogeneity of the territorial development are intensified against this
background, the urban fabric becomes more complicated, the needs of the population
are changing, and the communication flows are transformed. In this situation
traditional approaches to the study and formation of the urban environment can not
cover the entire spectrum of the emerging issues. The emerging urban development
processes are not described by the traditional parameters, it is necessary to consider
other methodological principles.
The article concerns the results of studying Krasnoyarsk as a discrete entity. The
urban territory is dismembered by large industrial zones, communal and warehouse
territories, railway exclusion zones, and the complex terrain which caused its
"patchwork" character. There appeared the problem of discrepancy between the
monocentric idea of the general plan of the city development and the actual
processes taking place in the city. The separate territories of the city became the
object of the research. These urban territories due to their internal characteristics and
easily detected boundaries are able to exist as self-sufficient urban units. Allocation
of such units, their description, analysis and systematization made it possible to
identify the basis for developing the necessary program for transforming each of
these territories into a comfortable urban space. More than 15 urban units were
identified and analyzed in accordance with a number of parameters: function,
planning, architectural and organizational concepts, economics, social sphere and
environment. It becomes possible to work out targeted scenarios for the development
of each urban unit. The allocated urban units are considered as self-sufficient
formations and specific architectural and urban development objects.
The generalization of the available materials allows concluding that the allocation
of self-sufficient urban units and their flexible integration will make it possible to
move from a monocentric to a polycentric model of a city structure.

Keywords
Self-sufficient urban development unit, comfortable urban space, targeted
development scenario, polycentric model

2018, Siberian Federal University 81

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Influence of Universiade to city life

Grigoreva Anastasiia S., Fedan Anastasiia N.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The cities can express themselves and get new stage of development thanks to mass
media, cultural and sport events. Accessibility of information and developed
logistics make it possible to host world significance events in different cities,
countries and even continents. In this article we will discuss the Universiade as an
event that has a significant impact on the city-development and emotional
background of the city. World Student Games is a good chance for young
sportsmans, it is new acquaintances and business relations for citizens. Such event
requires thorough preparation and rich financial investments. On economic side,
there is important question of the effectiveness of investment and payback. On the
side of city develop rather important assess and understand the depth of influence
and quality of the changes that the Universiade will bring.
For analytic work, we took such cities as Almaty and Kazan witch already held a
Universiade. Now it is possible to assess the preparation, using and further
development of the city environment after its completion. The third city is
Krasnoyarsk. Preparations for Universiade-2019 are going todays and we can make
assumptions about its impact on urban environment. Universiade affects almost all
areas of citizens and city life.
Events of this magnitude can be divided into three stages:
1.Preparations: construction repair work, roadworks, inflow of investments, new
workplaces, active volunteer training, possible discomfort of citizens.
2. Conducting: most intense time for city-organizer. Influx of guests and tourists,
volunteerism and active interaction of citizens and guests, the service sector has a
maximum activity, there is high spirits of citizens in this time.
3. Completion. The city remains alone with itself. If before that city worked for
mega-event, now mega-event works for the city: new objects, infrastructure,
volunteers, received new experience and knowledge, citizens, inspired by past
events, all this develop the city in case of positive experience.
At each of these stages city gets a new experience, citizens feel the changes, but how
effective will they be? The Universiade is a chance to develop the city not only from
the point of view of new sports facilities, but also to review the entire infrastructure
and work out gaps in the already existing environment.

Keywords
Universiade, city life, adaptation of the urban environment, sport and city,
community, city-development

82 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Influence of Urban Life on the Urban Form of the Residential

Units: An Interpretive Review
Fedchenko Irina
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, physical degradation, social contradictions in
society call for scientific criticism and provoking the search for solutions to the
functional and planning adaptation of the residential environment to the modern
dynamic processes of vital activities of the population.
Problems of social stratification, the development to the management system of
housing and communal services, the integration of production activities in
residential structures lead to new planning forms and the modification to the
morphology of residential areas.
The newest types of planning structure of the residential environment different in
content and structure penetrate into the world practice of architecture and town
planning.
The paper is based on consideration of the peculiarities of socio-cultural practices
on the relationship between the vital activities of the population and the planning
forms of the residential environment.

Keywords
Urban life, residential units, community, urban form

2018, Siberian Federal University 83

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Planning codes and the emergence of anti-urban form

Luiz Carvalho Filho1, Akkelies van Nes2
1
Department of Urbanism. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
2
Faculty of Architecture, TU-Delft & Department of Civil Engineering, Western
Norway University of Applied Sciences
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The result of recent urbanisation in Brazilian cities has been consistently described
by the use of images such as ‘gated city’, ‘anti-urban typologies’, or ‘the city of
walls’. (Caldeira, 1996a, 1996b, 2000; Figueiredo, 2012; Netto, 2017) Such images
reflect a narrative of loss (Arefi, 1999) regarding the connection between places and
people. They reflect a dominant pattern of segregation in cities, what is sometimes
described as ‘anti-urban’. As cities continue to transform following this anti-urban
model, the risks of exacerbating social and spatial divides increases and possible
progressive responses are made very difficult. Segregation in this context follows a
new logic, no longer a mere opposition centre-periphery but a hybrid and intertwined
set of “…architectural typologies, spaces and transportation systems that favour a
few ways of life over all others.”(Figueiredo, 2012, p. 1)
Some of the recent developments of this discussion about urban form and
segregation have focused on the street interface. This interface is described as the
place to negotiate the demands of both the private and public realm and to provide
the means or affordances to sustain public life.
This paper investigates the connections between urban morphology and planning
design codes and normative in a Brazilian city, Recife. It describes the associations
of the street interface with planning. The initial phases of the research (Carvalho
Filho & van Nes, 2017; Carvalho Filho, Van Nes, Filho, & Van Nes, 2017) revealed
significant relations between the spatial parameters regulated on planning
instruments and the emergence of several typologies of the street interface. One of
these types, building with blind plinths, resonates characteristics of the anti-urban
typology described in the literature (Caldeira, 1996b; Figueiredo, 2012). Correlating
in time the changes in parameters present in the planning codes with the emergence
and spread of this typology in Recife demonstrates that the methodological approach
of the research can identify relations not so evident currently between planning and
urban form and the possible implications for public life.

Keywords
Segregation, planning codes, ant-urban form

84 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Influence Mechanism between Land System Reform and the

Transformation of Village Plan Taking villages on Hangjiahu Plain
as an example
Dong Xiao
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Taking villages on Hangjiahu Plain as examples, this article explores the influence
mechanism between the land system and the morphological evolution of villages
from 1940s to 2010s. Land system imbedded in Chinese villages and towns
comprises two dimensions: political and social, the interaction of which imposes a
decisive impact on the village’s planar morphology. In terms of political land
systems, the research object witnessed five periods: Land Tenancy, Land Reform,
People's Commune, Land-Contract Responsibility System, and New Rural
Construction. Each period burned a legible mark on the village's spatial structure. In
the other hand, pushed by densification of population, social land system specified
by social relations is activated. It defines the specific boundary between different
households and impacts tangible spatial feature of a village and the typo-morphology
of rural houses.
This research reveals forces of those two dimensions on village plan, political and
social. The crash of these two dimensions results in redundancy in land-use. Such
redundancy can only be assimilated through intangible, implicit boundaries defined
by social relations rather than explicit form-shaping policies.

Keywords
Land system, village plan, social relations, land property, boundary
2018, Siberian Federal University 85
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urban regeneration under the influence of society, culture and policy

Comparison of Three Historical Streets (Areas) in the Former French
Concession in Shanghai
Duan Xiaotian, Yang Jianfei
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected];[email protected]

Abstract
With the continuous development of the globalization and the urban regeneration in
contemporary China, comprehensive improvement becomes a common
phenomenon. It also has been widely noticed by the public, however, “large-scale
demolition and reconstruction” methods have been highly criticized at the same
time. The three historical streets (areas), Yongkang Road, Xintiandi Area and
Tianzifang Area, in Shanghai's former French Concession, have witnessed varying
degrees of micro-renovation and comprehensive improvement in the past 30 years
and eventually show a completely different space status.
By analyzing and contrasting the diagrams between the histories of the three streets
(areas), the change of trade form, the evolution of urban form, the regeneration of
street space and the use of the crowd, it shows that the social, cultural and policy
have a significant effect on Yongkang Road which is plebification, Xintiandi Area
which is a classical gentrification area in Shanghai and Tianzifang Area which is
gradually from plebification to gentrification as well as lead them into a different
way. The author attempts to reveal the similarities and differences of socio-cultural
forces behind each street (areas) in order to explore the different spatial
consequences and impacts of various forces: features and advantages, challenges and
difficulties. The study of three historical streets (areas) in the former French
Concession showed the influence of social and cultural policy forces on the urban
morphology in different areas and inspired the formulation and improvement of
street policies in the urban renewal of Shanghai.

Keywords
Comprehensive improvement, historical streets (areas), urban regeneration

86 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Critical junctures and urban form: the morphology evolution in

Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China, 1949- 2010
Min Jiang, Naoto Nakajima
Department of Urban Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Southwest China’s Chongqing is a city with unique development history which
experienced critical junctures; this study carried research on how those critical
junctures influence the city planning, especially concerning the urban form. First, it
collected and organized political, economic and cultural events in Chongqing from
1949 to 2010, and then analysed how its city planning responded to them, focusing
on the macro scale issues of system of cities. Then it studied the urban form
evolution of Yuzhong district by tracing the change of land use and texture.
Furthermore, it traced the evolution of motive forces in Chongqing. The analysis
has led us to the conclusion that:
1) Critical junctures constitute a special kind of motive forces for urban form
evolution in Chongqing. In Modern Chongqing’s development, instead of economic
and social accumulation, the major motive forces were political forces;
2) According to the special position and natural geography, Chongqing persisted in
the principle to develop into a polycentric city which is different from many other
Chinese cities and laid the foundation of sustainable development;
3) On the city scale, critical junctures constituted pivotal motive forces in
Chongqing’s urbanization, especially by giving the priority to natural geography and
continually developing the polycentric structure. On the district scale, land uses
became more diverse and mixed; also, the dense development of traffic system made
the texture denser, while the natural geography was generally respected.
The result of this study shows that Chongqing has built a comprehensive
development framework for settlement hierarchy structure, transportation, economy
and ecology. For the future, it should pay more attention to improve its
infrastructure, conserve its historic heritage, strengthen its identity as a city of
mountain and river, and achieve greater livability and sustainability both
ecologically and socially.

Keywords
Urban form; mega-events; motive force; China.

2018, Siberian Federal University 87

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Transformation of the Typo-morphology of Columbia Circle in

Shanghai Changning District
Qian Chen, Zhang Qin
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China,
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This paper studies the transformation of the typo-morphology of Columbia Circle
in Shanghai Changning District from 1931 to 2018. Columbia Circle was initiated
as a real estate project and became a valuable historic area with master pieces. The
typo-morphology of Columbia Circle went through a significant transformation
process from suburb to inner city during different periods of time.
Through a diachronic study, the typo-morphology of Columbia Circle in different
periods can be presented in several diagrams, which locate the specific variants of
morphology in each period. Based on typological reading, the authors aim to explore
the rules of transformation process which reveal the social and cultural forces behind
it. Some questions are raised in this research. What is the typo-morphology
transformation process of Columbia Circle? How to define the different periods of
time according to the typo-morphological features? How is the current typo-
morphology changing? How the physical transformation reflects on the changing of
social conditions of Columbia Circle? After a preliminary study, The authors find
that five transformation periods are concluded in main construction period, second
phase construction, plan lot subdivision, property subdivision and property
reunification. The specific characters of urban morphology and building types
reflect the changing of social conditions in concession, from construction to
localization and eventually to gentrification.
The research of Columbia Circle presents the influence of social forces on typo-
morphology, which enlightens policy making for urban regeneration and heritage
preservation in Shanghai's historical districts.

Keywords
Typo-morphology, historic area, urban regeneration, social influence

88 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

From formal to informal: resilient urban index for housing

typologies in new urban communities: (6th of October city)
Tawfik Menna Said
German University in Cairo, Egypt
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The term "informal" in developing countries has witnessed continuous changes due
to many influences factors as; the rapid urban growth of cities, problems in crisis
management, the excluded Social practicing from the communities developing
plans, and continuous attempts by communities to meet the ongoing urban
challenges, those changes is a different facet of the informality traditional
morphology that the governance policies and urban planners in Egypt lose the
control with. Thus, the term "informality" is folding new characteristics and
transformed urban forms. So, the replacement projects in Egypt can be considered
as a living example of these new typologies of informality, and the un-coexistence
between the displaced communities and the new urban environment is lacking the
adaptation, and the public services provision.
The research is seeking to debate and question the informality of a new particular
social housing typologies' Masakin Uthman' as a relocations plans of the
governmental housing projects that emerged in 6th of October city in Egypt as an
internal forced displacement of the low- income families that have natural crisis
causes that hit their slums dwellers and are suffering from urban adaptation of a
physical built environment that lack most of public economic and social services.
The need for resilience response plan with immediate interventions is proposing in
the research as it cuts across multiple lines and parties, reaching a conclusion of
interactive plan with governance processes, sectors, and community participation
that should be cooperated in such volatile community that has the right for adequate
housing.

Keywords
Resilience responsive plan, adaptation, informality, urban complex system, service
provision

2018, Siberian Federal University 89

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The evolution of urban public space under the social influence: A case
study of Savannah Historic Block
Zifeng Sheng, Yuetong Zhao
College of Architecture & Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This article discusses the evolution of urban form and public space influenced by the
development of society based on the intensive research on the wards in Savannah
Historic District.
Savannah Historic District consists of 22 wards, almost preserving the original urban
planning of James Oglethorpe, the founder of Savannah city. In the process of urban
development, new architectures and functions appeared, like the Jepson Center Arts
Museum and some big parking buildings. The gradual changes of the surrounding
buildings and constantly changing of people’s demand influenced the street scale
and public space.
Street is an important form of urban public space, whose scales and structure are
closely linked with cars and pedestrian. In Savannah Historic District, each standard
unit is approximately 205m*205m, with a pocket square in the center. Each ward
consists of four Tything Blocks and four Turst Lots. Eight street types and various
public space forms are shown in and between these wards.
Through analyzing the changing texture of blocks and streets of this district, this
article analyses the adaptability of the original planning layout. The results of the
analysis can be used for the renewal and development of the public space system in
other ”small-unit” historical blocks.

Keywords
Urban design, renewal, Savannah, ward, public space

90 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Social context as a catalyst for the evolution of the realized utopian

model of urban morphostructure: the case of Togliatti, Russia
Artemeva Tatiana G., Adonina Anna V.
Academy of architecture and civil engineering, Samara State Technical University,
Russian Federation,
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the social context on the
evolution of the morphological structure of the realized model of urban planning
utopia. The phenomenon of Togliatti is the unique case for the analysis of the
changes in its urban morphology - from the utopia of the industrial center with the
features of the "Radiant City" Le Corbusier to the modern pluralistic, polyfunctional
city.
Avtozavodsky district of the city of Togliatti is a large industrial center of the city,
the structure of which embodied the flow-functional scheme of the "ideal socialist
city" proposed by NA. Milutin in the 20-30s of the XX century. Under the leadership
of VA Shkvarikov. and Rubanenko B.R. in 1967-1968 in a flat relief was laid a
regular canvas, which functionally divided the structure into a recreation zone along
the Volga, a residential development with a city center, a sanitary protection and
industrial zone. Public buildings were conceived as separate objects, "floating" in
the space of vast esplanades, framed by traffic routes. As a result, the master plan
developed into a system fully in line with the Athens Charter and ideal views of the
modernist city, but conflicted with the views of the city as a concentrated
environment.
Today Togliatti is beginning to realize this problem. There is a change in the
internal planning structure as a result of the restructuring of the tissue and changes
in morphology - a closed microdistrict character is reborn into an open quarter. The
auto giant is trying to solve the problem of the lack of unity of the city structure. If
the original utopian model of the city had the features of modernism, today this
avant-garde model begins to bear conservative features in accordance with the new
model of ecological thinking.

Keywords
Ideal city, modernity, realized utopia, urban morphology, Togliatti

2018, Siberian Federal University 91

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The city anomie

Baymuratova Svetlana Kh., Baymuratov Ramil F., Zarechkina Uylia
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The transition period is an objective state of modern society. It is presented in a
number of sciences and concepts: the state of transition from an industrial society to
a postindustrial one, from the analogue to the digital world, from one technological
paradigm to another.
By analogy with many related sciences, the crisis period was called the anomie. In
sociology the anomie is the absence of a clear system of social norms, the destruction
of the cultural unity, so that people's life experience ceases to correspond to the ideal
social norms. More generally, the anomie characterizes the state of crisis, chaos,
disintegration and decay.
The transition from an industrial society to a postindustrial one is inevitably
accompanied by a state of society anomic disintegration.
In order to understand the modern city state, it is necessary to consider the dynamics
of its development, to diagnose the period of recession or recovery and to understand
what the reason of it was.
The key point of this work was to trace the relationships between social and
historical changes with the periods of cities development and stagnation.
As a basis, there was taken the theory of world cyclic development, which
distinguishes three global waves of civilization in world development: the agrarian,
the industrial and the informational. Each wave forms a civilization unique in its
outlook and structure. It is extremely important that the values of the new wave are
born not by an evolutionary, but by a revolutionary way, and, therefore, is
provocative for the old way of life.
Russian scientist S. G. Kara-Murza notes the importance of the anomie of the society
state: «the anomie is such a phenomenon that, looking through it, you can examine
and understand almost all areas and sections of the present-day Russia. Today, any
process or event in Russian society should be approached, armed with knowledge of
the anomie, as a touchstone». In the process of the research, a number of crisis
periods and the range of global problems characteristic of modern cities were also
revealed in connection with the town-planning plane. Three main groups of
manifestations of the city anomie were singled out: socio-cultural, economic-
administrative and spatial. Accordingly, for each block of problems, a number of
cases were selected and response methods were developed for their overcoming.

Keywords
Cyclic global processes, stages of society development, civilizational waves, anomie,
tendencies in city planning theory and practice

92 2018, Siberian Federal University

TOOLS OF ANALYSIS
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Assessing Street Spatial Character: Combining Fractal Analysis of

Street Edges and Skyline
Bin Cong, Wei You, Wowo Ding
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, China
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The character of urban space is a hot research point in urban morphological studies.
James J. Gibson’s research proved that the physical morphology is better to be
measured by the visibility of the geometry rather than the geometry itself (Batty
2001). There have been many approaches such as sky view factors (SVF), which
developed a 3d viewsphere model to measure the spatial openness, and fractal
analysis. The fractal analysis of street edges proposed by Jon Cooper is one of the
most helpful index describing spatial character because it directly reflects the space
shape cognized. However, the height of street wall (or edges), one of the most
important dimension concerning the spaces, was not involved yet. Following
Cooper’s research, this paper tries to introduce the height of street wall into the
fractal analysis of street edges.
Firstly, we chose several streets in center of Nanjing city with various widths and
building heights along the street. Through setting viewpoints within the street, the
geometric relations between all edges and points were built, so did the skyline.
Furthermore, combining SVF techniques, we have developed the 3d viewsphere
model as a tool to get continuous visual perception data of street and the heights of
the street walls related. According to visibility theory, the street spatial character
could be described and generated, vice versa.
Finally, this paper tried using the spatial configuration codes based on the fractal
analysis and data-graph of perception to generate a new street with the similar spatial
characteristic of street. It proves the value of the research as an operating tool of
urban design.

Keywords
Spatial typology, view sphere, data-graph, fractal analysis

2018, Siberian Federal University 95

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Tools of analysis in urban morphology

Systemic decomposition as a method for the fabrics reading
Dias Coelho Carlos
University of Lisbon, Faculty of Architecture, CIAUD, FormaUrbisLAB, Portugal
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The urban fabric interpretative reading requires the use of processes and tools that
allow us to understand its formation. The use of these methods is particularly
relevant in the case of urban fabrics with less recent or less erudite origins and which
lack substantive documentary sources other than the object itself.
Resorting to the material collected and used in a research project on urban form in
the specific cultural context of the Portuguese city, the systemic decomposition
methodology was tested applied to different urban fabrics, from different
homogeneous morphological regions, to organize them by categories and refer them
to classes of urban models.
In this sense, the systemic decomposition of fabrics was stabilized in three different
reading tools: 1 the urban layout; 2 the plot system; and 3 the theoretical grid. The
decomposition is applied in a standardized way to all case studies in order to make
them easily comparable and allowing the deduction of constancy laws.
The subsequent organization of the layouts and grids by categories of morphological
affinities and consequently the fabrics organization (orthogonal grids, cruciform,
mono axial, etc.) allows to fill the information gaps in the production and
constitution process of fabrics, validating the undocumented cases from cases
supported by abundant information.
The use of substantially different nature fabrics as examples, such as new towns,
industrial fabrics or informal occupations in the comparative process, highlights and
allows validating systemic decomposition as an auxiliary tool for the reading of
urban fabrics.

Keywords
Urban Morphology; Portuguese City; systemic decomposition

96 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A Quantitative Approach Measuring Streetscape

Mengmeng Geng, Lian Tang, Wowo Ding
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, China
e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Since 1960s, Kevin Lynch had raised the importance of people’s perception of urban
space, as the part of it, the role of the street spaces became very important, so did
the streetscape in the research and design aspects. Usually the photo pictures or street
perspective drawings are used to indicate the streetscape for studying, which means
that the three-dimensional street space has to turn as two-dimensional object. For
this reason many researches tried to further study photo pictures or street perspective
drawings for developing spatial measuring tool, our work belongs to this field. The
previous study has shown the street widths and heights of side buildings could be
evaluated based upon the streetscape image or perspective drawing, however, there
are questions needed to answer. If street photo reflected streetscape of human’s view
experience, how the perspective drawings refer to the relevant street photo? What
are the regularities between street width, building height, position and lines of
drawing? And how to judge the height of an object in perspective refers to real height
of the building in the city. All those questions are worthwhile to be studied for urban
design.
This research tried to develop a method or tool for measuring urban street spaces
based upon the street perspective drawings. The various street experimental digital
models were built according to the urban regulations and 2D measurement scales
were established simultaneously for measuring and statistical analysis. Through
statistical analysis we have found the answer, and then measuring tool could be
made. Finally we have validated the tool by testing real street view, the results will
be discussed. This experiment successfully shows the possibility of street space
measurement by using 2D perspective drawing, which is useful tool for architects
and urban designers.

Keywords
Streetscape, street space, quantitative approach, urban design

2018, Siberian Federal University 97

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urban morphology and process typology: strengthening research and

practice
Kai Gu
School of Architecture and Planning, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in the exploration of the intellectual links between
geographical urban morphology and architectural typology, the development of a
more integrated framework for the purpose of planning and urban design is limited.
Urban morphology is fundamentally concerned with the geographical explanation
of the spatial structure of urban form; architectural typology is intrinsically inclined
to develop a theory of architectural and urban design for the creation of new urban
form. Stimulated by the growth of population and economic activities, Auckland is
undergoing rapid transformation. By using the ideas of morphological units and
typological processes in tandem, this paper illustrates the analytical techniques for a
morphological investigation of the spatial structure of urban areas and the way in
which morphological research can underpin typological planning for guiding future
urban developments and other changes that are place-based and responsive to
established community character.

Keywords
Morphological units, typological processes, urban landscape character,
development control, Auckland

98 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A parametric design framework for spatial structure of open space

design in early design stages
Leung Tze Ming, Kukina Irina V., Lipovka Alex Y.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The notion of parametric urban design has become a phenomenon recently.
Researchers have been searching for various parameters related to urban
morphology. Tremendous efforts have also been put into investigating how
parametric modelling could be adapted for designs in both large and small scale
urban plans. In parallel, there has been increased concern on the issue of urban
sustainability. Specifically, numerous studies attempted to deal with human comfort
in urban spaces, which can be categorized under social sustainability. As
performance evaluation should be an essential part of parametric modelling, it will
be natural to ask how environmental performances, which directly affect human
comfort, can be incorporated into parametric urban design process.
However, previous studies concerning parametric urban design and environmental
performances in terms of human comfort mainly focused on searching for optimized
designs. Even worse, most of these studies were primarily about the environmental
performances of the final design solutions. Since human comfort should not be the
only criterion in urban design, it is of importance to generate design options which
can yield similar comfort levels for further design explorations. This is especially
important in early sketch design stage since a lot of decisions in this stage will
restrict the environmental performances of the final design solutions. However,
designers usually do not consider this issue at the beginning of the design process as
there is no proper tool to incorporate human comfort in early design stages. As a
result, the primary objective of this study is to layout a parametric urban design
framework which can generate design options with similar human comfort levels in
sketch design stage. Green open spaces, which are considered basic elements of
urban fabric, and thermal comfort constituted by trees in these spaces will be adapted
to demonstrate how the design framework can guide the development of a parametric
model for generating options. Models developed within this framework should help
designers to optimize design solutions in terms of parameters such as urban
geometry, open space size and proportions, as well as human comfort, when
designing urban spaces.

Keywords
Parametric design, green open space, thermal comfort, early design stage

2018, Siberian Federal University 99

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Influence of the electric transport system on the development of the

morphology of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Analysis using open big data
and GIS
Kilina Ekaterina F., Kukina Irina V., Lipovka Alexei U.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Public electric transport has a number of advantages in the environment of a modern
city. It is environmentally friendly, safe and comfortable, has a high speed and can
carry a large volume of passenger traffic. Unfortunately little attention is paid to it
in modern Krasnoyarsk. One of the reasons is the fear that new transport systems
could change urban morphology greatly and will need wide reconstruction.
Electric transport is the most rigid planning system. It is connected with electrical
systems - wires and rails. The laying of electric transport lines requires a large
number of allocated territories. Also, Electric transport crosses an automobile road
network. And intersections of roads lead to the formation of multifunctional nodes.
In these nodes, relationships arise between different morphological structures.
Electric transport provokes the transport-oriented development of urban areas. In
this regard, there are areas of transport-oriented development (TOD).
There are three types of public electric vehicle in Krasnoyarsk currently: an intra-
urban railway transport, a tram and a trolleybus. Interact together is inefficient in the
city's transport system. The study is devoted to the relationship between electric
transport and the urban morphological system, as well as the impact on transport-
oriented development in the city of Krasnoyarsk.
The development of the city's transport system will create increasing amounts of
data continuously. Russia lags behind in the development of transport modeling to
big data. Problems of transport planning, the analysis, control and also introduction
and use of new types of electrical transport on the basis of open systems of big
databases as the skeleton for the urban morphology are relevant today. Conducting
studies on comparing the assessment of the functioning of electric transport,
depending on the needs of the city's population, keeping traditional or enhancement
of urban morphology if need in this regard becomes possible with the availability of
an electronic transport model of the city.

Keywords
Open big data, transport-oriented development, electric transport, transport
model, transport planning
100 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Big data rating systems as an effective method of visualizing the

quality of urban structural units
Engelgardt Ann E.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Big data is the basis for new technological changes. Constantly growing volumes of
arrays greatly complicate the processing and understanding of data. Big data analysis
extracts knowledge and meaningful information from large and complex data sets.
The extraction of information displays regularities hidden in the data.
Modern cities use the latest technologies to support sustainable development and a
high standard of living. The indicator of a high standard of living of the urban
population and, consequently, an indicator of a quality city is the quality of the urban
environment.
To evaluate the structural units of a city, the most common method is rating. Rating
systems based on big data are the most effective method of visualizing the quality
of structural elements of a city. Innovative ways of collecting and analyzing data are
gradually replacing obsolete mechanisms of city management. Unlike statistical
data, which are out of date by the time of their analysis, big data can be processed in
real time, which increases the quality and speed of decision making. The complexity
of big data methods implementing in rating systems is caused by problems of staff
shortages, technical equipment, legal rights, security problems and openness of data.
Ranking quality systems of the urban environment can be used by the city
administration, designers, civil communities to assess the current state and
management of the urban environment.
The creation of such rating systems is the first step towards the formation of smart
open data-driven cities. The introduction of big data into cities can be divided into
three levels as the influence of data on urban governance increases: applied (open
data city); semi-autonomous (data-driven city); autonomous (smart city).

Keywords
Big data, cartography data, rating systems, urban environment quality

2018, Siberian Federal University 101

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Parametric modeling of urban development

Zhorov Yury V.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The article deals with parametric modeling, transforming the silhouette of the city.
The examples of urban architectural dominants built in the last twenty years in
different countries of the world are studied. The examples of parametric architecture
that influenced the topological frame of cities are analyzed. The basic principles of
parliamentarism and the phasing of increasing importance in urban development are
revealed.

Keywords
Сomputer programs, parametric architecture, modern technologies in design, three-
dimensional graphics, urban morphology

102 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Efficient design of urban spaces based on quasi-energy hypothesis

Naumov Andrey E.
Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The directions of effective development of urban areas are defined as properties for
reproduction and homeostasis of urban environment, and system engineering
features of artificial social formations. Effective for this purpose will be the analysis
of urban areas as the environment, have the potential for the emergence and stable
maintenance of the process of evolutionary development (heterostasis).
Identification of the current heterostasis potential, conditions of the expected
heterostasis, resource-saving creation and further maintenance of such conditions,
in many respects, will determine the success of the current investment programs for
the development of urban areas and will allow using common mechanisms for
assessing their future investment potential.
The paper proposes the methodological basis of the concept of quasi-energetism as
a methodological basis for identifying and developing ways to create heterostasis
conditions of urban environment, formulates the key terms and provisions of the
concept, their content, basic hypotheses and prerequisites. On the basis of the offered
concept it is offered to develop methodical approaches to information-technological
modeling of objects of town-planning environment. The proposed General
principles and tools of information technology modeling are the result of a necessary
and sufficient set of parameters and indicators of the model, which allows to
diagnose the current qualitative state and predict the potential heterostasis state of
the assessed object. The proposed information and technological modeling is carried
out on the example of urban environment of the campus of BSTU. VG Shukhov, on
the basis of which the individual factors of the qualitative state of the environment,
allowing to estimate the achievability of heterostasis in certain conditions of urban
history and the environment of the object under study. This new indicator is
proposed to be taken into account in the comprehensive assessment of the current
and future quality of the campus of the University as an indicator of the effectiveness
of the urban policy of its development.
The improved methodology can be the main qualitatively improved comparative
evaluation of alternative urban policies of campus development of higher education
institutions, and on its basis and arbitrary objects of urban environment. This
assessment is most in line with most of the priorities for the qualitative development
of the urban environment in the long term.

Keywords
Homeostasis of urban environment, urban morphology

2018, Siberian Federal University 103

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

"Database of the architectural and historical context of cultural

heritage sites" (Denkmalpflegerischer Erhebungsbogen), as an
instrument of historical and architectural analysis in Germany
Malko Anastasia V.
Institute of international urban-planning, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,
Germany
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Architectural monuments, which are thorn away from the historical and cultural
context, largely lose their significance, while its semantic perception is distorted. To
preserve the monument together with its urban environment are needed effective
urban-planning tools, especially for historical and architectural analysis.
German historical and architectural analysis method provides precisely all needed
information about elements of historical sites. It presents a particular attitude
regarding open urban space, which, in fact, is considered as an independent protected
object, part of the architectural historical and cultural heritage.
One of the most effective tools of historical and architectural analysis to investigate
the historical urban context is the "Database on the architectural and historical
context of cultural heritage sites" Denkmalpflegerischer Erhebungsbogen (DEB).
The DEB evaluates the value for all elements consisting the architectural and
historical environment. Are covered their integration into the landscape, the
importance of historical streets, squares, green spaces, water surfaces, etc., all
elements which form the structure of a particular site and express the specific
features of the architectural appearance of the area. This tool is available for all
involved parts of the society: the expert community (designers, representatives of
monuments protection, administration, etc., everyone involved in the development
of city-planning solutions), and for a wide range of citizens. This creates a solid basis
for taking city-planning rational decisions based on consensus found in the exchange
of opinions between dwellers and developers.
In this article, we will present a comparison between the practice of using the DEB
in Germany and the Russian experience of historical and architectural analysis.

Keywords
Methods of architectural and historical analyses, architectural and historical
environment, "Database of the architectural and historical context of cultural
heritage objects" (Denkmalpflegerischer Erhebungsbogen), preservation of
heritage
104 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Geometrical structure of public spaces in virtual city models.

Exploring urban morphology by hierarchy of public spaces
Adam Zwoliński
Department of Urban Design and Spatial Planning, Cyber Urban Centre,
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, West Pomeranian University of
Technology Szczecin, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Looking through the themes of the ISUF conferences themes seeking out the sense
of the city (ISUF2016) or the shift from tradition to future perspectives (ISUF2018),
all the urban phenomena refer to morphological development. What can be
continuously observed is, that “cities and their complexes grow spatially, forming
large areas and absorbing new territories.” [Kantarek, Franta, 2016]. Urban
morphology consists of built-up tissue and voids in-between, so the urban
development is directly related to the volume and geometrical structure of open areas
and public spaces. If the public life occurs in the space in-between, exploring tools
of advanced urban analyses focused on morphology of open spaces seems to be
important and actual. Spatial disposition and relation between public spaces define
unique features of towns and contribute to the general perception of the sense of
cities.
However the problem is not as obvious as it may seem in practical terms. While the
analysis of the built-up tissue of cities is relatively achievable, a measurable analysis
of the space in-between is a considerable challenge due to the lack of defined
geometry. This geometrical aspect of open spaces in cities is addressed in this article.
The promising and powerful data environment enabling the development of such
analytic tools are 3D virtual city models.
The already introduced by the author new analytic method called 3D-Negative
(N3D) [Zwoliński, Rubinowicz, 2016] allows quantification and measurable
analyses of the “invisible” geometry. The method is closely related to open-access
GIS and cityGML data. The purpose of the article is to analyze regularities, spatial
distribution and structure of public spaces in selected cities in area and linear means.
The quantification will also develop information on relation between geometrical
structure and functional layout of space between buildings.

Keywords
3D-Negative (N3D), cityGML, GIS, public spaces, urban morphology, virtual city
models

2018, Siberian Federal University 105

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

On employing Delaunay triangulation in identifying city morphology

patterns
Lipovka A.Y.
Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Numerous methods were developed for various kinds of urban analysis. Most of
them can be automated, like terrain analysis, routing analysis, calculation of
technical parameters (FAR, OSR, density, average height, etc.) as well as other
indices describing qualities and quantities of urban structure to mention a few. Same
time automated urban patterns recognition is still under development.
While human brain is a great tool to observe complex structures as a whole and
notice patterns or imperfections, automating the process to get numbers, apply
statistics analysis and visualize diagrams is not always obvious. Intention behind
proposed paper is to bring and combine methods form other fields to aid in
identifying city morphology patterns. The goal was set to develop a method or
algorithm for numerical space classification, which would allow identification of
specific types of spaces like streets and yards, and areas with specific combination
of spaces typical to different historical periods, discover hidden structures and
common layouts.
Introduced method consists of several stages: obtaining point sets, building
Delaunay triangulation, defining characteristic values of triangles, collecting data,
utilizing methods from statistic analysis to extract values common to different
patterns. Paper describes approaches to mentioned stages and corresponding
outcomes.
Side results can be also of an interest, e.g. thematic mapping of Delaunay
triangulation of urban fabric according to defined characteristic values reveals
fractal nature while observing city at various scales, making breaks and open spaces
in urban fabric, private housing areas, streets and yards become identifiable.
Krasnoyarsk was taken as a case study. Parameters were defined and values were
extracted to aid in automatic identification of different morphological patterns.

Keywords
Urban morphology, Delaunay triangulation, GIS, statistics, pattern
106 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Peculiarities of spatial development of the region

In conditions of town planning conflicts
Perkova Margarita V., Bolshakov Andrey G., Tribuntseva Kseniya M.
Architectural Institute, Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G.
Shoukhov, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
The relevance of this study is due to the problem of spatial development of settlements in
the context of new approaches to the organization of habitat and the introduction of
innovative methods of economic development, which inevitably provoke the emergence of
urban development conflicts. The transition from a functional model of urban development
to conflictological is topical and requires a methodological description with a view to
spatial interpretation of urban development conflicts. The purpose of this article is to
identify the features and approaches of spatial planning in a number of countries and to
determine the mechanism for resolving urban planning contradictions arising in the process
of territorial development.
The leading approach to the study of the problem is a conflict approach with the use of
methods for resolving urban planning conflicts, which are divided into blocks: ecological,
spatial, social, economic. The research method assumes to consider the features of spatial
planning through the prism of existing contradictions in the use of the territory - urban
development conflicts that inevitably arise as a result of various motivations of participants
in the urban development process. It is a tool for analysis and is designed to solve the
problems of harmonizing the interaction of society, the urbanization of the territory and the
environment.
It is revealed that at present there are no studies and design developments in the regional
spatial planning, in which the basis for decision-making would be an analysis of the causes
of the emergence of contradictions in the territory. According to the authors, harmonious
balanced development is possible by identifying and resolving conflicts of motivations
economic, historical, cultural, social and natural subsystems. The study suggests a
methodology for resolving urban development conflicts as a mechanism for resolving
urban development conflicts. The developed theoretical and methodological basis for
territorial planning, based on the resolution of urban planning contradictions will allow: to
ensure the rational use of natural resources and their reproduction; to regulate conflicts of
types lands use and building among themselves and in relation to valuable landscapes; to
regulate the conflicts of modern buildings and historical and cultural heritage.

Keywords
Spatial planning, regional settlement system, conflictological approach, territorial
planning, urban development conflicts, land use

2018, Siberian Federal University 107

URBAN FORM AND TECHNOLOGY
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Urban transformation in Seoul and Singapore: On the impact of

digitalization and mobility strategies
Hekler Martina
Institute CERM Center for Education & Research on Mobility, University of
Applied Sciences Deggendorf, Germany
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The dynamics and extent of urban transformation of Asian cities appear to be very
distinct at the beginning of the 21st century. Asian urban development plans and
visions seem to look a long way to the future, and are also orientated towards the
implementation of information and communication technologies.
Asian urban digitalization strategies are hardly slowed of resistance that exist in the
European context, for example in form of data protection concerns. In Seoul and
Singapore, the potential effects of digitalization are therefore much faster and more
concrete than would be expected in Europe. What are the consequences if traffic
infrastructure, public space and people increasingly become technologically
recorded, connected and part of a huge data pool? Are there limits to the digitalized
economization of urban space - and are these already becoming visible in Asia?
Digitalization seeks to provide answers to the diverse, globalized challenges of the
future design of urban mobility. Some Asian cities pursue ambitious, sometimes
even contradictory strategies in mobility strategies at the same time and test new
approaches according to an urban laboratory approach. On the one hand, highly
technology-based traffic management approaches are used, on the other hand,
however, approaches are also being tried which rely on a fundamental reduction in
selected modes of transport. What are the first results of these different approaches?
What criteria are defined to represent the success or failure of mobility strategies?
For the purposes of this presentation, the Asian cities of Seoul and Singapore will
be used as examples to show the aspects and processes that are regarded in Asia as
key factors in urban transformation. Which Asian trends appear to be transferable
and could be beneficial to German cities? Which seem to be more inhibitive going
forward?

Keywords
Urban Transformation, Urban development, Urban Big Data, Mobility Strategy,
Seoul, Singapore

2018, Siberian Federal University 111

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

An approach to describe the spatial configuration based upon the

block
Huimin Ji, Wei You, Wowo Ding
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Urban morphology consists of street/block, plot and building. In other words, entire
form of a city could also be divided into two parts: the street pattern and the block
layout, both are the objects of urban planning and design. As a network form, the
character of the street pattern can be defined by grid pattern, density, connectivity,
integration and depth distance, while the form of the block layout is usually very
difficult to be described clearly. In morphologic studies the block layout could be
seen as two patterns: the plot pattern and the building pattern, the former is described
by numbers, sizes and various shapes and the latter depends on the building types
and their arrangements. However, these descriptions present the way of composition
rather than the form characteristics of the block layout. Since Roger Trancik put
forward “figure-ground theory” for urban analysis and design, at this point, urban
space was formally introduced as a “Form” which was concerned as an important
“Place” in urban design purposes. Therefore, this paper tries to combine both urban
morphologic theories and urban design theories to search the proper way of the
description and definition of urban spatial characteristics.
Following Kropf’s aspects of plot’s connotation: a composition of buildings and
external areas, we could find that the most space for the public was composed of the
external areas. Choosing the urban blocks set in Nanjing commercial centre area
with 53 plots, instead of focusing on buildings our research focuses on the external
areas to analyse the characteristics of the spatial form. The spatial visibility,
geometric property, sight distance, boundary continuity and sky view factor are used
to define the spatial characteristics of the urban place combining each plot. Finally,
this paper tries to develop a tool to categorize the areas of spaces, so that the
characteristics of the block layout could be understood through those types and their
compositions.

Keywords
Urban Space, Spatial Analysis, Visibility Statistics

112 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The role of the public transport system configuration in the compact

urban form of the socialist city in the 1960s
Elvira Khairullina, Luis Santos Ganges
Valladolid University, Instituto Universitario de Urbanística, Spain
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract
In the 1960s the scientific progress in traffic engineering and transport development
brought about new possibilities, methods and demands for changes in the urban form
and structure. A socialist city was oriented towards the implementation of a double
objective: a city for both automobile use and for public transport. The urban structure
was planned to provide the conditions for car use, while the unlimited growth of this
reticular structure was expected to be controlled or ordered by the closed
configurations of the public transport network. These ideas were similar in Eastern
Europe, the USSR, and Great Britain. The objective of the article then is to
understand the causes of the application of the different configurations of public
transport networks and, the effects they had on the urban form. This will be
approached with an analysis of urban planning methods and public transport in the
cities of the Eastern Bloc. Compact urban form was strongly related to the coherence
of the city structure and its flexibility for possible future development. The basic
criteria for planning were the equal distribution of passenger flows, continuity of the
trip and frequency of transport which changed their spatial interpretations during the
period.

Keywords
Public transport, urban form, socialist city, USSR, Eastern Europe

2018, Siberian Federal University 113

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

A study on design of relationship between topographic strategy and

space of congregate housing in sloping fields
Wang Zitong
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The article studies the relationship between topographic strategy and space design
of congregate housing in sloping fields based on analysis of original site and the
residential space. Sloping field are gradually being explored with the trend of urban
expansion, Topography is one of the most decisive factor, which contributes
significantly to organization of a cluster of houses.
Through a diachronic study, the topographic strategy of congregate housing in
sloping fields can be classified as several types, and those classification can be
proved by a plenty of cases, while the aim of author is to explore the relationship
between tactic of site and organization of space which reveal the topographic and
social forces behind it, rather than researching on one-way object.
After digital analysis of a plenty of typical cases around the world, author have
concluded three key factors of sloping site which have great influence of congregate
housing organization and how it can be utilized in urban planning. The objectivity
factors are slope, shape and orientation, which have decisive impact on space
organization and structure of congregate housing in city. This paper would reveal
the typological relationship between them.
By founding the data of their original topography and making 3D model, it would
like to reveal their strategies towards the raw site. Then, analyzing the relationship
between the strategies with the organization of space in those cases would be the
most important part of the study. This thesis is intended to inspire future
architectural practice in sloping fields, and it is also a supplement to the current
study of urban residential area planning.

Keywords
Topography strategy, Congregated housing, sloping fields, Residential area
planning, Urban landscape

114 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Understanding the effect of global and local landmarks through the

use of mobile technology/a mobile-based game
Yesiltepe Demet, Dalton Ruth, Ozbil Ayse
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] ,
[email protected]

Abstract
Landmarks are vital elements as they contribute to our understanding of cities. As
mentioned by Lynch (1960), they are one of the five elements of cities, which he
argues, form them. Although their significance on the image of cities has been shown
by studies (Appleyard, 1969; Dalton and Bafna, 2003; Lynch, 1960), there is an
uncertainty about the effect of location of landmarks on spatial navigation.
In this study, we aim to understand the effect of landmarks on human behavior,
namely wayfinding. We used a mobile-based virtual game for smart phones and
tablets produced by Glitchers Ltd., which was played more than 2.5 million people.
Within certain levels of this game, participants were first asked to look at maps that
indicate the specific location of players and checkpoints. The map was then removed
and participants were asked to navigate a boat and find the checkpoints.
We propose to better understand an important component of cities, namely
landmarks, by analyzing the results of participants. Performance (time and distance)
in relation to the structure of levels of the game and location of landmarks were
analyzed. Additionally, axial based integration and choice as well as visibility
(visual integration) values of levels were calculated to make comparisons across
levels of similar configurations. For this study, we focused on levels which include
both local -visible from a small distance (Steck and Mallot, 2000) - and global -
visible from a large area (Steck and Mallot, 2000) - landmarks and only local
landmarks.
The contribution of this study to urban design and planning fields is that it provides
mounting evidence about the role of landmarks in spatial navigation.

Keywords
Landmark, virtual environments, mobile-based virtual game

2018, Siberian Federal University 115

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The Economy Interpretations of Morphological Transformation of

Work-unit Neighborhood in China: A Case Study of Kunming
(1960-2010)
Tan Wenyong, Shi Yibin, Zheng Yang, Ma Qianyu
School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University;
Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,
Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University,China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The work-unit residence is a residential mode formed under the special Chinese
"work-unit system" during the period of the planned economy. Since the 1960s, a
large number of residential areas have been built to solve the problem of
accommodation. Selecting Kunming iron and steel plant in the six time nodes of
1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and the six neighborhoods as the research
sample, the author adopts qualitative and quantitative methods to have a comparative
study of the six neighborhoods in terms of residential morphology like the plots and
street system, block plan, building density, plot ratio, building scale during the six
time nodes. The following conclusions can be drawn: the residential morphology
only enjoyed minor changes in the first four time nodes, while that has changed
greatly ever since the 2000. According to the concept of morphological period from
the Conzen School, the changes of physical space are closely related to politics,
economy and culture. Therefore, the economy should play an important role in the
transformation of the work-unit residential neighborhood. Based on the changes of
work-unit residential neighborhood in the past 50 years, this paper analyzes the
connection between the changes of the neighborhood form and the economy from
the following two perspectives: the economic system which transforms from the
planned economy to the market economy, and the structural transformation of the
economy from the supply side to the demand side.

Keywords
Work-unit, Neighborhood morphology, Economic system, the structural
transformation, Kunming Iron and Steel Plant
116 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Principles and methods of landscape and urbanization

reconstruction of the spatial planning structure of destructive cities
in the context of sustainable development (On the example of
Baghdad and Mosul)
Sumayah Layij Jasim, Elina Krasilnikova
Department of Urbanism and Theory of Architecture of Volgograd State Technical
University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The problem of restoring the spatial planning structure of the major cities of Iraq - Baghdad
and Mosul, destroyed during the war of 2003-2017 is currently relevant for ensuring their
sustainable development and the formation of a comfortable, safe and environmentally-
oriented urban environment.
The study of the dynamics of the transformation of urban fabric of Baghdad and Mosul has
a number of historical and methodological features related to specific socio-economic,
cultural, historical and landscape-urban conditions that ensure their sustainable
development in the future.
An analysis of the dynamics of changes in the urban fabric of Baghdad and Mosul, which
occurred as a result of military operations in these cities, made it possible to determine the
priority areas of urban development, which in the future will ensure the formation of
sustainable spatial planning structures of these cities.
Proceeding from landscape, ecological and historical-architectural and urban development
features of the cities of Baghdad and Mosul, the priority direction is landscape-urban
reconstruction, based on the principles of landscape urbanism, which will restore and make
accessible to residents and visitors of the city the lost historical and architectural objects,
preserve identity historical and cultural environment through integration with the transport
and green framework, linking the functional and planning zones of the city in a single "
infrastructure. " At present, such a strategy of urban transformation is used in the
restoration of the historical district of Baghdad Al-Adamia.
The project is focused on the development of the embankment area of the district, its
connection with Al-Khadimiyya and the city center; paid special attention to the
development of public spaces and architecture around key locations, especially around the
famous mosque of Abu Hanifah.
Principles and methods of landscape-urban reconstruction provide an opportunity to form
a stable urban fabric that will be environmentally stable, comfortable and safe for residents.

Keywords
Landscape-town-planning reconstruction, transformation of urban fabric,
sustainable development, landscape urbanism
2018, Siberian Federal University 117
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Free-form shell structures as art objects in the urban environment

Moskaleva A. V., Geraschenko S.M., Frolovskaia A. V., Gil Martín L.
M., Hernández Montes E.
Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
City environment is a complicated system, where individual buildings interact with
streets, squares, public spaces. The comfort of the urban environment and the quality
of life are determined not only by the absence of dirt and dust, noise and unpleasant
odors, the presence of lawns, trees, rest areas with convenient equipment,
information organization, etc., but also the unity of the visual appearance of all
components of this environment: design and landscape, their harmony with the
nature of man. The most striking component of visual perception, close to a person,
are elements of art and art objects. The present article analyses how can shell
structures influence the organization of successful public spaces as art objects.
Shell structures play a special, singular role for architects and engineers in the urban
environment. Their shape directly derives from their flow of forces, and defines their
load-bearing behavior and lightness, saving material by creating local employment,
their social aspect. This is especially true for thin concrete shells with different types
of curvatures, such as single curvature, synclastic (domelike), anticlastic (saddle-
like) or even free (experimental). There are a lot of methods and approaches to create
a shell structure, from physical hanging modeling to complicated analysis using
modern software. One of them is the Force Density Method, which was introduced
by Linkwitz and Schek during their work with Frei Otto on the cable net structures
of the Olympic stadium in Munich. A number of shell structures with different
esthetic and structural characteristics were created using this method. These shells
are created on a human scale, organizing urban spaces. A successful place has to
combine such attributes as physical space, the sensory experience, and activity. The
created objects are environment dominants, which fill the space with a semantic
content in social, psychological and cultural dimensions.

Keywords
Shell structures, art objects, urban environment, form finding, force density method

118 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The urban in animation: images of social space present and future

Mikidenko Natalya L., Storozheva Svetlana P.
Siberian state university of telecommunications and information sciences, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Animation as a phenomenon of mass culture is increasingly becoming an object of
research interest, as it provides ample opportunities for the representation of values,
characters, plots and images. In the research of A.M. Gracheva, M.A. Eletskaya,
K.N. Kaznacheeva, N.G. Krivulya animated films are considered as a way of
transmitting cultural values, experience and world view.
Animated scenes unfold in a specific social space, which can be defined as urban or
non-urban, and the visual text of the animated film can be used to review the
dynamics of the assessment of the urban environment as a cultural landscape and
trends in the development of the city.
The urban landspace and its representation allow to reveal the city estimates as a
type of culture. Consideration of urban space in the animation is based on the idea
of the city as a social space, which was formulated by P. Sorokin and developed in
the works of P. Bourdieu, A. Lefevre, A.F Filippov. Modeling of social space in art
and the possibility of considering a work of art for the reconstruction of perception
and experience of social space are presented in the studies of Y.M. Lotman. To
describe the phenomenon of urban space, the authors rely on the work of G. Zimmel,
R. Park.
Based on the analysis of the visual series of animated films, an attempt is made to
characterize the dynamics of the images of the city and the urban environment and
the trends in the relationship to urban space. The ideas of P. Shtompka, A.
Usmanova and others are of interest in the definition of the method of studying the
animated film as a visual document, which reflects stable cultural patterns and
social relations.

Keywords
Urban morphological research, urban landspace, animation, representation of
urban landspace

2018, Siberian Federal University 119

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Smart Geometry creates smog free city

Rakhimzhanova Leila Sh.
College Research Institute “Almatygenplan”, Kazakhstan
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The smog is one of the main problems of urbanism. Smart Geometry is a very
powerful tool for Urban planners and Architects to control air related problems.
Following the laws of aerodynamics the smart geometry can scatter or focus the
wind at a point to generate usable energy, increase or decrease the speed of wind as
desired, or even change the direction of wind to create favorable built environment.
Ancient planners and architects has used the principles of aerodynamics and smart
geometry for the transformation of negative environmental factors into desirable.
Studying the ancient folk architecture and combining it with modern technology, we
have developed various projects for improving modern urban air environment.
The most difficult problem while dealing air quality improvement is the inversion
layer formed between the smog and the upper light air. This inversion layer not only
prevents contaminations dissipate but also reflects them back as a screen to ground,
constantly increasing its harmful effects on the environment and the people’s lives.
This inversion layer latterly creates a situation of a people living in huge closed
“container” with deathly chemicals. The simplest solution would be to punch a hole
in the lid of container and flush out smog and let in the fresh air, based on same
solution we have developed several models, from stationary in the mountains to
models flying over the city at the inversion layer. These models penetrate the
inversion layer and remove the smog of urban space. The smart geometry of conical
shape creates vertical thrust in accordance with Bernoulli’s LawSmart Geometry is
able to solve several tasks in parallel. In our case - it is the special conical shape with
a certain curvature allowing absorbing the polluted air can serve also as power plant.
The Smart Geometry has allowed us to develop parabolic forms of not crossed
residential areas with the transport highway. Thus, we achieve a clean and safe
environment simultaneously.

Keywords
Urban problems, ecology, architectural forms, smart geometry, inversion layer,
smog, environmental factors, models

120 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A statistical research on the typical patterns of modern housing

fabrics, case study of Nanjing, China
Peng Dandan, Hu Youpei
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
After nearly 20 years massive social housing construction and another 20 years
bloom of housing real estate development, Chinese cities basically solved the
citizen’s housing problem in the second decade of 21st century. As a consequence,
the major physical component of contemporary cities is modern housing fabrics,
which cover more than 30% urban land. It is generally believed this magnitude
housing development is dominated by modernism residential building with a
standard image of slab apartment. However, as revealed in this research, the real
situation are far more diversified and complicated, with various building types, like
villa, slab, tower, and different spatial arrangements, like parallel, zigzag, enclosure.
How to classify this diversified realities, and what are the typical patterns of different
housing fabrics?
To answer these questions, this research collected more than 200 housing fabric
samples across the city of Nanjing. The latter is the Capital of Jiangsu Province, and
a typical modern mega-city in Yangzi River Delta area. To get the reasonable
categories of fabric types, a comprehensive classification system is applied.
Different from the too simplified classification based on single parameter, building
height, adopted in national housing standard, this classification system is based on
the matrix of various parameters, including building height, arrangement, and
building type. The various parameters and their intricate combinations guarantee the
classification are capable to seize and distinguish the formal features of different
fabrics. Spacemate, a charting tool developed by B.M.Pont and et al. in TU Delft, is
used to testify the classification. After classification, the samples are divided into 21
categories. For each category, samples data, like spacing, dimension of building
footprint, height, density, land coverage, and et al. are collected and a statistical
analysis are conducted. Based on this qualitative sample studies, the typical patterns
and their statistical models are built up.
In the application part, a bioclimatic performance study of these typical patterns is
presented. Due to the typicality and statistical precision, the complicated co-relation
between urban fabric and bioclimatic performance could be discovered, efficiently
and convincingly.

Keywords
Urban fabrics, modern housing type, statistical analysis

2018, Siberian Federal University 121

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE
Investigation of the spatial density of public and business objects in the largest
city with the help of geoinformation technologies
Gushchin Alexandr N., Sanok Sergei I., Tatarnikova Yana S.
Ural Start University of architecture and art, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The article deals with the study of spatial distribution of density of public-business
objects with the help of geoinformation technologies. The source of the data was
data from the open geoinformation project OpenStreetMap. It is shown that the law
of exponential decay (Clarke's law) is fulfilled for the radial component of the
density of public-business objects. It is shown that for different types of public-
business objects, the numerical characteristics of the law of decrease may be
different. In addition to the radial density distribution, the azimuthal distribution of
the density of public-business objects is studied. It is shown that it is essentially
asymmetric. The obtained results are interpreted within the framework of the
"frame-frame" model.

Keywords
The largest city, geoinformation technologies

122 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The impact of construction industry on the content of heavy metals

in the air environment of Krasnoyarsk
M.L. Berseneva, O.V.Gofman , E.Y. Gumennaya, A.A. Yakshina, O.S.
Mitckevich, E.V. Danilovich, O.S. Nikitina
Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The construction industry has a significant role in the environmental situation of the city
of Krasnoyarsk providing the population with objects of residential, industrial and road
construction.
A necessary component of construction activity is the enterprises for the production of
building materials using a wide range of chemical compounds that annually enter the
atmosphere, water bodies, groundwater, soil in the form of industrial emissions, affecting
the environmental situation.
The construction industry is also impossible to imagine without the use of vehicles, the
operation of which is impossible without fuel, which absorbs oxygen and emit exhaust
gases containing heavy metals in their composition.
From the environment through the skin, inhaled air, food dangerous substances enter the
human body and eventually cause its functional changes.
Exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of a number of heavy metals can have
a toxic effect on the human body, so it is necessary to regularly measure their concentration
in the air of Krasnoyarsk.
The most common heavy metals entering the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions
include lead, mercury, cadmium, zinc.
Lead has a toxic effect, accumulates in the kidneys, liver and other vital organs, gradually
leading to disruption of the functioning of the entire body.
Mercury has a toxic effect on the human body, animals and natural components; it is widely
used in various industries and a part of a number of pesticides.
Cadmium is a chemical element with toxic properties exceeding lead. It easily passes from
soil to plants.
Zinc is widely used in the production of paint products, medicine, printing. In case of
excessive intake of the body it has a carcinogenic effect.
Within the framework of the current legislation, the enterprises of the construction industry
should not exceed the permissible values of emissions into the environment during the
production processes and take measures for regulation. Particular attention should be paid,
among other things, to the utilization of construction waste. The results of the study have
confirmed that the emissions associated with the construction industry of the city of
Krasnoyarsk do not exceed the permissible values.

Keywords
Construction industry, heavy metals, urban environment, construction waste

2018, Siberian Federal University 123

URBAN IDENTITY
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Territory Lines and Urban Identity: between city-layout and

physical context
Padrão Fernandes Sérgio
University of Lisbon, Faculty of Architecture, CIAUD, FormaUrbisLAB,
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This communication focuses on the morphological interpretation of the city-form,
and addresses the classification of urban phenomena according to the modeling
effect of territory lines, highlighted by the ridges, the valley-bottoms and the
seashore, and its role in place identity.
Ridges-lines and watercourses are geographical configurations which tend to be
reflected in the structure of urban organisms, particularly where the topographic
accidents expressively characterize the land surface such as in Portugal. This
reciprocity between the urban-form and the form of the territory is recognized in
Portuguese built city by the geometric redundancy between the street-layout and the
physical support, traducing itself recurrently in structural linear systems of public
spaces that overlap the leading paths through the hills or the thalwegs, and
tendentiously produce urban fabrics which sediment the configuration of the natural
itineraries. In each one of these specific topographic contexts it is possible to verify
multiple variations of the same urban-layout production principle and
simultaneously an analogous permanence of the lines that define the site geography.
From a representative set of the Portuguese urban-layouts we attempt to demonstrate
in a comparative reading that the non regular city shape is clearly marked by the
lines of the land surface. These lines define the form of the territory and tend to
transform themselves into the structural matrix of the urban-layout, the urban
generator axis or even a “generatrix” for the city production.
The different topographic contexts, the valley-bottom where the water flows or in
the dominant ridges, produce urban-layouts which are structurally similar, but
formally different. With this reading we explore the hypothesis that the identity of
the layouts is associated to the integration of geographic characteristics in the
domain of the urban composition, understanding the territory physical context as one
of the most significant genetic causes on the urban-shape, that perpetuate the
permanence and the memory of the places.

Keywords
Urban Morphology; Urban-Layout; Identity; Territory; Portuguese City

2018, Siberian Federal University 127

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Responsibility of The Union of Architects for sustaining the local

visual and cultural Identity of Krasnoyarsk as a prospective cultural
capital of the Eastern Siberia
Krzysztof Nawratek1, Belova Daria A.2
1
School of Architecture, The University of Sheffield, UK
2Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Krasnoyarsk has a rich and significant cultural and architectural history (since 1628),
embodied in its architectural monuments and urban environment. After the crash of
the Soviet Union with its well-defined visual and mental ideology (J. Charley),
Krasnoyarsk city, like many Russian cities, seems to have developed erratically.
Additionally, the link between society and the built environment has been lost.
However, the preservation of cultural layers is of importance (C. Abel; P.Emmons)
and one of the key elements needed for national consciousness and a sense of
national belonging (V.Putin, decree of 2009).
The Krasnoyarsk office of The All-Russian Union of Architects had the rights and
responsibility for the formation of a comfortable and relevant architectural
environment and interactions between the environment and society during the Soviet
Union period; however, currently, it has, in fact, fragmented and lost its rights.
Moreover, this Union is gradually dying as an institutionand should be reinvented,
according to current needs of society (New Institutionalism, Meyer, Rowan).
Thus, the main question of the article is: how could the Union of Architects return
the prerogative for identification and sustaining of the local visual and cultural
identity of Krasnoyarsk, acting as a connector of the society and the built
environment?
Using elements of historical-correlation research (L.Groat, D. Wang), relying on
case studies of existing approaches around the Western World and the existing
theories of urban power distribution (Domhoff, Mossberger, Stoker, etc) along with
instruments of participation (Hofmann, Lee, etc.),the initial work called Agency of
Identity (D. Belova, MA thesis, Sheffield, UK, 2017) aimed to develop the scenario
of programme implementation for the Union of Architects as an Agency of Identity
(‘mapping controversies’, Yaneva).
Finally the preliminary strategy was developed to provide the Union with the
scenario of empowerment. This could become a social experiment, potentially used
for future research.

Keywords
Cultural identity, the role of architect, community, new institutionalism, power
distribution, mapping controversies
128 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Socio-anthropological model of modern urban environment: a

human in the city, a city in the human
Bobyleva Nedezda I.
Department of Social Work and Social Security, Higher School of Social
Sciences, Humanities and International Communication, M.V. Lomonosov
Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The city, its structure and identity, can be represented as a theoretic model. There
are «key» models of modern cities: servicing, comfortable, compact, «green»,
learning, creative, «smart», social; more individual variants include creative,
cultural, sport, healthy, adaptive cities, cities of opportunities, sustainable
development, and others. The city, functioning in line with any of these models, is
inseparable from its social culture: historical heritage, traditions, and values.
The sociocultural model incorporates the description of real landscape, cultural
space, and residents’ mentality. Sociocultural models are developed and
implemented, for example, for Moscow and St. Petersburg, therefore, these
significant Russian cities attract financial flows due to their formed identity.
Ivanovo, Tambov, Sochi, Kislovodsk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Ekaterinburg, Kazan,
Ukhta, Tymen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Anadyr, Nadym, Noyabrsk and other
cities, the models of which can be found in various studies, are grouped in terms of
either resources which need to be managed or depressive economy which needs a
means of rescue. In both cases the sociocultural model establishment is seen not only
as a way to “understand”, but as a way to “do”. The human being creates some space;
the city, in its turn, becomes for humans both an opportunity and restriction.
Cities like people may be familiar, favourite, native, strange, tiresome, diverse,
businesslike, monotonous, boring, untended. One can become “keen on’ a city like
a person, a city can become «someone’s fate». According to the average citizen's
perception, each city has a face, character, heart, spirit, belly, profession, friends and
enemies, its past, present and future, the fact of being born, the recognition triumph,
the dying process, fate, mission, potential. The majority of people in the world
already live in cities, and in each human being “his or her city” lives. These
intangible elements comprise the subjective cultural space of images, meanings,
values of particular people, living in objective social and geographical
circumstances, i.e., the social anthropological model of a modern city.

Keywords
Social anthropology, a city, urban environment, model of town

2018, Siberian Federal University 129

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

City image during international events

Bundova Ekaterina S.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian
Federation,
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This article explores the visual information part of the urban environment that can
be identified by visual observation and contains the entire information layer of this
environment. In fact, visual information field of the city is the language that city
speaks to the person.
For stable development of cities in the conditions of an unstable economic situation
and crises, we have to look for such options to make the urban environment better,
which could have the most positive impact on the city's image with minimal costs.
Such a solution can be the transformation of the visual information field of the city
as the most dynamic element of the urban environment, which most easily adapts to
any economic, political, eventual and other changes, affecting the appearance of the
city as a whole.
In Russian cities, proof of this is the rapid change of cities in the post-Soviet period
- for 25 years of uncontrolled by municipal structures, our cities have become chaos
of advertising signs, information, and cutting clips, where architecture plays a
secondary role. Accordingly, reverse changes can and should occur in even shorter
terms. Important direction of the policy of the authorities and the emergence of
regulatory documents governing this area of urban life. To event-based image-
making capable of globally influencing the image of the city and stimulating the
authorities to quickly and effectively improve the urban environment, making a
qualitative leap towards the formation of a new urban identity, include international
events of the highest level of significance that are virtually unchanged in the history
of one city.
These are the Olympics, football championships, Universiade, Spartakiad, etc. The
city of Krasnoyarsk, which is preparing to host the XXIX Winter Universiade in
2019, is currently facing the challenges of transforming its urban environment.
Answers to questions - how to make the city more harmonious, friendly, convenient
for residents and tourists, as soon as possible with minimal expenses, just now, when
there is still a whole year to implement changes in the urban environment, and as a
result, to form a unique city of Krasnoyarsk.

Keywords
Identification, visual information field of the city, city look, city image, city
environment, wayfinding system, advertisement, orientation

130 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Study of Urban Identity of the Siberian Federal University

Students
Smolyaninova Olga G., Popova Yulia V.
School of Education, Psychology and Sociology, Siberian Federal University,
Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
In a modern society, characterized by mobility and urbanization, there is a permanent
transformation of the urban socio-cultural space. Urban identity is the result of the
person’s identification with the urban community, the architectural structure of the
city and the lifestyle of its inhabitants.
The article presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of identity in the
context of psychological and pedagogical understanding the importance of building
and development of urban identity as a component of the Krasnoyarsk social
environment. The degree of urban identity of the Siberian Federal University
students was investigated and compared with other types of social identity and its
impact on social attitudes and the basic values in the urban environment. The study
involved Bachelor’s and Master’s students (19-45 years old). As a markers of
identity popular cultural, natural, regional and economic symbols of urban
stereotypes were used as well as mental and psychological peculiarities beyond
ethnic features of inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk (Siberian character: hospitality, pride,
strength).
Regardless of the urban identity degree, respondents of different age and gender
groups assess positively the possibilities of professional self-realization in the city
of Krasnoyarsk and highlight such terminal values as: "to love and to be loved", "to
feel safe", "to get a good job", "to be financially independent". At the same time,
young people believe that "to become known and famous", "to have power", "to be
healthy" - these are the values which are less likely to be realized in the city.
The survey revealed that only 30% of SibFU student’s regional identity
(Krasnoyarsk citizen, Siberian) prevails over personal and social identity (Woman,
Daughter,.. - 50%). 20% of the respondents put civil identity (Russian citizen) in the
first place in the hierarchy.
It can be summarized that while building regional identity it is necessary to rely on
the socially significant city symbols.

Keywords
Urban Identity, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Siberian, Social Identity, Civil Identity

2018, Siberian Federal University 131

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Ethnic peculiarities of culture as a tool for building urban identity

Shlokina Anastasia A.
School of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The preservation of the ethno-cultural peculiarities of indigenous peoples is of
particular importance in the self-identification of the individual. A high level of
urban identity formation can be achieved by creating environmental conditions that
take into account national characteristics.
D.M. Semenova (2015) in her study notes that the formation of identity in small
cities of Russia at present can be divided conditionally into two directions: cities
"with history" and "without history" - new cities created on the basis of an industrial
enterprise. However, both directions do not fully take into account the national
specifics.
The introduction of ethnic specifics and interpretations on the themes of national art
in the visual environment of the city is necessary. Expressed in the image of the city,
the meanings, ideas, values, can influence the behavior of people, form an attitude
towards the city and motivation for their own identification and the appearance of a
sense of belonging to their people. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention
to the decent development of the city's visual and communication image, taking into
account ethnic features.
The alignment policy of the times of the Soviet Union led the indigenous peoples of
Russia to an identity crisis that affected the architecture of cities. The capital of
Khakassia - Abakan - is now a city with a universal Soviet heritage. Ethnic groups
are deprived of places of "presentation" of their culture in the urban environment.
The loss of identity does not promote tolerant interethnic relations in the city.
Modern representation of the human environment requires the design of the
architectural environment of the city, taking into account ethnic visual features.

Keywords
Urban identity, ethnic identity, identity crisis, ethnicity

132 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Small Historical Towns of Russia. Preserving Individuality and

Identity
Shchenkov Alexey S.
Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban
Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of
Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Today the problems of individuality and identity are quite important for a large number of
historical towns. The specific aspect of this problem with regard to small Russian towns is that
they have a predominant number of old buildings, often these are wooden constructions, which
rapidly disappear due to their dilapidated state. But historical areas still remain to be the core of
the urban fabric of these cities. It determines the integrity of many historically formed features of
a town, which are dear to its inhabitants, and which still charm the visitors coming to these places.
Apart from the general appearance of these small Russian towns, many traditions of everyday life
are still present and existing in a complicated relationship with the changing social and cultural
environment. The system of cultural preferences of the local residents is quite stable: citizens
admire their hometown, they are proud of its history, its architectural heritage and appreciate
features of its landscape. One may say that this combination of factors constitutes the basis of the
identity of small towns.
These cultural and social values, noted by anthropologists, should be protected. It is important to
preserve pictorial symbolic structure of a town, as well as its traditions connected with everyday
life. If the latter are typical for the population as a whole entity, its key cityscape characteristics,
constituting “the memory of a place”, do not form a single unity, concentrated in the center or in
some other nucleus, and thus forming complicated compositions. The social and cultural influence
of the areas, where identity features “crystallize”, spread far beyond their own borders. All the
townsmen feel some connection with it, and, we may well suppose, this is the case with those who
live in the near suburbs, linked with the town in terms of its lifestyle.
The important issue is not only to preserve the architectural heritage, but also to “compensate”
those structures that disappeared and to repair the damages that the important buildings in the
center of a town have suffered from. Another object is to include new constructions and elements,
needed for the well-being of a town, in forms that would fit into the plan regarding the protection
of the “genius loci”. Then there is the question of development and adjustment of the functional
organization of a town with the appearance of necessary objects of social infrastructure. This
should be accompanied by preserving and improving the characteristic typology of the urban
environment and its functional structure, which the inhabitants perceive as something that they can
relate to.
If we look at the methods of solving these problems, we may come to a conclusion that modern
requirements for the small historical towns should be leading us not “away from traditions”, but
the towards them.

Keywords
Russian small town, urban construction, individuality, identity, character of a place
[genius loci], structure, preservation, development
2018, Siberian Federal University 133
 
 URBAN LANDSCAPE HISTORY AND
SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Forms of settlement in north-eastern Poland and their

morphological changes after World War II
Tomasz Figlus, Łukasz Musiaka
University of Lodz, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Department of Political,
Historical Geography and Regional Studies, Poland
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to present typology of settlement forms and
analyzing of the process of the spatial transformations of selected examples. The
study encompassed the identification of conditions that resulted in transformations
in the physiognomy and layout of towns and rural settlements. It takes into account
the legal and administrative decisions, the changing communication systems, as well
as functional changes, including disagrarisation, the development of tourism and
revitalisation. The examined region covers the north – eastern area of Poland joined
to its territory after WW II. The starting point of analysis is an attempt to describe
the typology of urban and rural settlements in the area, with their mantained
medieval morphologicalrooth. However the main attension is directed to spatial
transformations in the post war period. The war brought huge material damages, in
some cases reaching up to 90% of historical buildings. Thus emerged the necessity
to put in the action the new replacements and rebuilding on unprecedented scale.
Rebuildings in urban areas were very often led with disregard for a historical tissue
of architecture and original layout (modernistic block housing in historical centres
of towns). Villages, on the other hand underwent a process of collectivisation
rezulting in forming new functional – spatial centres.
A new stage in the history of towns and villages in the region initiated an economical
and political transformation, which resulted in spatial development of towns,
bringing functional and social changes. These processes became more intense when
Poland joined the EU structures and the effect of this is the process of restoration of
historical buildings and spatial systems, referring to historical forms of settlements.
Consequently elements of the settlement network in the examined area present
heterogenous morphologic conglomeration, rarely found in other parts of Europe.
A comparative analysis of the degree of transformation of spatial systems in chosen
examples allowed to draw a typology of the degree of preservation of historic urban
and rural layouts. One can distinguish almost completely preserved forms with
minimal modifications in layout; partially preserved layouts with considerable
spatial reorganization and totally transformed forms of settlement.

Keywords
Poland, settlement transformation, urban-rural morphology, WW II

2018, Siberian Federal University 137

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Flat City versus Volumetric City, Re-application of the Layered

Movement Network Approach
Bruyns Gerhard1, Nel, Darren1, Higgins Christopher2
1
School of Design, 2Dept. of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics and Dept. of
Building and Real Estate Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
In cities of low or medium density it is possible to conduct a configurative analysis
using mobility networks as main structural elements for the landscape (Bruyns,
2011, Read & Bruyns 2007). Expressed as a ‘movement-function’ indicator in three
distinct scales, the overall results diverge from conventional typological driven
analysis placing emphasis on movement patterns and how commercial functions
cluster to each network.
Not as a consequence of form but seen as an element that lends structure to the city,
the ‘Flat City’ approach (Read, 2005) views mobility networks themselves as key
structural indicator that highlight the social use of space, public as well as private.
In contrast, high density cities, or aptly named ‘Volumetric Cities’ (Shelton, et. al.,
2010), are challenged by spatial compression that establish other dependencies on
mobility networks. Apart from the conventional use of movement networks,
‘Volumetric Cities’ place additional emphasis on pedestrian networks, interwoven
with both the ‘in’ and ‘exterior’ conditions of the city. In this light, the question and
applicability of the Flat City model remains questionable and as yet untested.
This paper questions the applicability of the network driven model and its
dependencies on movement networks in the context of the high-density landscapes.
The paper will outline the basic premise of previous empirical work, before
highlighting the challenges in the reapplication of this approach in the urban context
of Hong Kong. As part of its aims, the discussion wishes to illustrate empirical work
whilst possibly concluding on the adjustments deemed necessary for the re-
application of this method in high-density urban landscapes in order to understand
the formal expression of these cities.

Keywords
Mobility, layered, volumetric, urban morphology, network

138 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Polder settlements in specific spatial pattern of polder landscape

around Shijiu-Gucheng Lake
Hua Xiaoning
School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Nanjing University, P.R.China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Polder landscape is a typical type of human inhabitation environment in the middle
and lower reaches of Yangtze river. A polder landscape is overlapped by four
systems: water system, land division, road network and human settlements. Water
system defines the basic background structure of polder landscape. In the polder
landscape around Shijiu-Gucheng lake between Jiangsu and Anhui Province of
China, four prototypes of water system pattern can be recognized: feather pattern,
grid pattern, cobweb pattern and mosaic pattern.
According to different water pattern, there are three basic morphological prototypes
of polder settlements: linear type, island type and fragment type. Linear settlements
mainly develop along the main stems of river in the water system of feather pattern
and cobweb pattern. Island settlements mainly develop on the place with high
altitude inside the water system of mosaic pattern. Fragment settlements develop
mainly inside the water system of grid pattern or mosaic pattern.
A typical polder settlement is composed by ‘human-related’ system and ‘water-
related’ system. The ‘human-related’ system is composed by artificial buildings and
constructions serving people’s lives, including houses, earth temples and ancestral
temples. The ‘water-related’ system is composed by artificial infrastructures
controlling hydrology environments, including ditches, ponds, dykes, dams and
sluice gates.
Form of each polder settlement generated and developed gradually in the history of
conflict, struggle and coadaptation between inhabitants and water. It was not static
but responding and regulating after each flood disaster in history. Vestiges and
still can be recognized in the morphology of some polder settlements. On the other
hand, conflicts inside inhabitants caused by water is another important driving power
of the form of polder settlement. It was redistribution of land and water resource
which defined territories of most polder settlements.
As a result, morphologies of polder settlements around Shijiu-Gucheng lake are
generated by complex natural-social mixed process in a specific landscape as
background structure. Renovation strategies of this area should be prudently studied.

Keywords
Spatial pattern, polder landscape, polder settlement, morphology

2018, Siberian Federal University 139

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urban ruins and vacant lands in contemporary cities: origins,

existence, and (re)use
Jarosław Kazimierczak
Institute of Urban Geography and Tourism Studies, University of Lodz, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Ruins and vacant lands constitute integral part of contemporary cities irrespective of
various morphogenesis and paths of urban development. Thus, they are common
elements of spatio-functional structure of cities all over the World. The origins of
ruins and vacant lands are various. Basically, they can be distinguished as a result of
natural disasters, of human intentional and unintentional action or of mixed, natural
and human origins. As a part of cityscape ruins and vacant lands can be divided into
historic and modern ones. Their existence in urban space is conditioned by many
factors and they can be maintained due to economic, social, cultural as well as
political or ideological reasons. Despite the fact that the presence of abandonment,
ruination and emptiness in contemporary cities is ubiquitous, there is not enough
research focused on this issue. These morphological elements may be considered in
the context of numerous concepts of current urban space transitions, as shrinking
and perforated cities, for instance. The other research issue is their susceptibility for
the reuse, for instance as a result of urban regeneration programs implementation.
The aim of this paper is to classify urban ruins and vacant lands according to their
origins, existence (present use) and potential reuse. The presented classification is
illustrated with selected examples from contemporary cities.
This contribution is financed by National Science Centre, Poland based on decision
no. DEC-2014/15/B/HS4/01940.

Keywords
Ruins, vacant lands, concepts of urban development, classification

140 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Locating Food and Urban Agriculture within the Study of Urban

Form
Marat-Mendes Teresa
Lisbon University Institute ISCTE-IUL, DINÂMIA’CET-IUL, Portugal
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This presentation focus on the contributions of an ongoing research Project under
the title ‘SPLACH – Spatial Planning for Change’, financed by Portugal 2020
Program, which aims to identify how to promote a desirable shift of existing urban
planning policies, in order to promote a low carbon and social inclusive urban
system, in which the food system emerges as a central issue.
This presentation focus on the work that is being conducted by the author of this
paper at ISCTE-IUL and that focus on the articulation between food, urban
agriculture and urban form.
This research is built over a theoretical framework to which the concept of socio-
technical system is central. Sociotechnical systems are large systems which perform
major social functions, such as the provision of housing, energy, transportation and
also nutrition, among others. The Food sociotechnical system is a vastly
territorialized one. In order to become environmentally friendly, it needs to be
understood at all its scales of resolution.
The integration of food within urban design and planning is becoming very popular,
although it is possible to identify within urban planning history a number of
examples which resemble many aspects off common concern. The current
resurgence of urban agriculture, local production and short circuits are claimed as
ecological solutions for the achievement of sustainable urban environment.
Although these situations have been particular notorious after the financial crisis of
2008, it appears that this type of production and supply appears to persist within
Portuguese Metropolitan Areas. Thus, affecting the territorial and functional
organization of metropolitan areas, where most of Portuguese citizens live and work.
Thus, what are the real implications of these recent experiences in the
contemporarian urban space? What new urban forms are emerging?
Responding to this challenge, a first pilot case was applied in Lisbon Metropolitan
Area (LMA) to analyse: i) the evolution of food and urban agriculture integration
within specific municipal planning policies (PDM); and ii) identify local urban
agriculture initiatives within such municipalities, in terms of strategic programme,
design solutions and social impact. This presentation will discuss some of the
preliminary results of this investigation, while focusing on the identified urban forms
which are deemed to be better inform future policies to planning practice.

Keywords
Urban agriculture, food, food system, urban sustainability, urban form

2018, Siberian Federal University 141

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The Route as an Attractor of Urban Form

Derry O’Connell
University College Dublin, Ireland
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Important routes in a city or town are generated by the activity of strong desire lines.
The frontage to such activity attracts land uses seeking prime commercial exposure.
These compete with each other in the presentation of smart urban form, the profile
of which attracts further activity of importance to the route, subsequently attracting
further commercial profile.
A cycle of attraction is thus set in motion which reproduces an expanding quality of
built form.
This paper considers evidence of the cycle, through the results of two recent research
studies in Ireland. The first, of historical scrutiny, examines the history of two radial
routes leading south-eastwards from the centre of Dublin. Both routes competed for
importance over a long period before one finally dominated. The research examines,
from historical evidence, how the cycle of attraction developed.
In the context of this evidence the second research study examines smaller towns to
see if particular routes of importance show a tendency to attract clusters of higher-
value land use and if this is readable in quality of architecture. Findings suggest that
among mid-twentieth century radial routes out of small towns, selective routes do
show evidence of investment in conspicuously prominent architecture, due to the
importance of their exposure.
The paper brings these two programmes of research together, suggesting a number
of conclusions from their combined findings.
In more recent fringe development there is evidence that by-passes, which skirt the
edge of towns and cities, also attract profile at a larger scale for similar reasons.
Harnessing the view from the route with strong large-scale presentation becomes
particularly important for the commercial retailer, in an era where contact may be
instigated on-line, triggered by an observation from the motorway.

Keywords
Street, corridor management, retail interface, urban history

142 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Land Reclamation and Creation of New Villages

A case study of Sha Tian town on the Pearl River estuary
Tian Mengxiao
Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Since the 15th century, the shifting geographic pattern of the Pearl River Delta and
extensive land reclamation activities prompted the generation of vast coastal areas.
The villages created on the newly reclaimed land played an important role in the
region's local and international economic activity and became part of the Great Bay
Area in recent years. By using villages in Sha Tian town (沙田镇) as a case study,
this paper shows that the mechanism of land reclamation influenced the formation
of settlements, during the process whereby the shoal of the coastline became small
fishing villages at the fringe of the cities which were eventually absorbed into the
urban space.
Using both field research and a literature review, this paper discusses three specific
time periods. In the mid-Qing dynasty, policy changes and the natural conditions
drove the boat people who assembled on the sea to reclaim land in the Sha Tian area.
During the second period, these boat people moved to the newly reclaimed land and
erected different types of buildings to support their changing way of life, establishing
linear villages along the waterway and dike. Finally, with the urbanisation of the
past two decades, the form of these villages became transformed in different ways
according to the location and the relationship with the urban area.
This paper situates this case study within the discourse of urban regeneration while
linking it to the sustainability of urban villages. In this way, the paper provides a
critical evaluation of how reclamation activities produced new patterns of landscape,
the changing concepts of villagers towards nature and the river system, and the
contradiction between the demands of modern life and the traditional village
underlying the ongoing transformation.

Keywords
Pearl River Delta, land reclamation, settlement formation

2018, Siberian Federal University 143

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Riverside Transformation as Urban Landscape

Case study on the Huangpu Riverside Reconstruction in
Shanghai, China
Zhang Chi, Li Zhenyu
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
River as the natural element witness the origin of the city, promote the development
of the city and affect the form of the city. However, with the rapid development of
the city, the industrial replacement and the stagnant areas have formed the blank of
future development, which makes the rivers construct a new space-type remodeling
urban form in a kind of urban landscape. Based on the case study of Huangpu
Riverside Reconstruction in Shanghai, this paper analyzes the spatial elements, types
and plasticity of the industrial heritage along the Binjiang River. During the urban
development, the adaptation of the industrial heritage in the waterfront section is
discussed. The Huangpu River turns from life to production to life again and serve
as a supporting resource to build new urban forms and lifestyles. In the conclusion
part, the paper will compare the landscape type cases and try to illustrate the
sustainable influence of the historical and cultural heritage rebuilding of the urban
landscape on the type of space and the shaping of urban morphology.
This paper is subsidized by NSFC project which is named as <Research on Technical
System of “Downtown Factory” Community-oriented Regeneration in Yangtze
River Delta Region>(Grant No.51678412).

Keywords
Riverside, historical & cultural, urban landscape, transformation
144 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Private and public space of a Russian provincial town in the late

19th and early 20th centuries
Degalceva Ekaterina A.
Biysk Technological Institute, Altay State Tichnical University, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This study is aimed at finding new forms of dealing with relationship values and
urban space (K. Lynch). Otto Schlüter spoke of the cultural landscape, he was
drafted in an integrated approach to the consideration of the urban space.
Morphogenetic analysis should be complemented by concrete historical research.
Jeremy Whitehand rightly notes that numerous statements about interdisciplinarity
may not always lead to them and many of them remain isolated, and they are
revealed not all aspects of urban morphology. So, over the past 20 years in the
“Urban Morphology” was published just 10 studies in historical disciplines
(Whitehand, 2018).
Researchers involved in the mental maps of the city, make conclusions that urban
landscapes are created by combining material forms and the subjective human
experience. "Drawing on the concept of atmosphere, we argue that human
experience of urban spaces drives alterations to the built environment. The
atmosphere is created through the combination of human activity, individual
emotional responses and subjective perceptions of built-in forms "(Jones, 2017).
Social city design in the era of modernization is connected with the expansion of its
public space. Private area is superseded by the new practices and patterns of social
interaction. This process in the provincial town was linked to the activities of non-
governmental organizations and local authorities. "Private man" caught in this public
discourse, received new skills of socio-cultural activities, has been involved in the
events that took place in the city, aware of its role in changing his appearance.
Through the fate of many provincial activists infected social activity can be traced
back to the mechanism of "invasion" of the individual in urban social process. We
distinguish these forms of public activity of siberians as literary and artistic salons,
publicist and his literary activities, improving education, nonconformism (friendship
with political exiles), creating and participating in amateur organizations and bodies
of local self-government.

Keywords
Socio-cultural transformations, modernization, history, Siberia, town, private,
public, values, mental map

2018, Siberian Federal University 145

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Small architectural forms in the organization of the urban

environment
Karepov Gennadiy E., Lipovtseva Sofiya R.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract
The article presents the results of exploration of the influence of small architectural
forms on the organization of public spaces in Krasnoyarsk - square, street territory.
The process of improvement of the modern city includes a competent structural
organization of the landscape and recreational areas. According to the laws of urban
development, this factor stimulates the social activity. Within the framework of the
research of socio-cultural transformations forming place in the town-planning
context, authors researched ways of organizing recreational areas, the design
specifics of open urban spaces. Small architectural forms are one of the main
elements of landscape forming. Their self-sufficiency and relevance is confirmed by
the presence of the territory of realization, application in the process of society's life.
They are used in the creation of chamber spaces for playground. By the results of
the transformation of functions and forms of public spaces, you can judge about the
change in the socio-cultural aspect of the architectural environment. It is expressed
in the scale, artistic design of small architectural forms, seasonal game spaces.
Morphological properties of public areas, organized with the participation of small
architectural forms become an active form-building element of area. Thanks to small
architectural forms public spaces become welcome for citizens. Small architectural
forms actively participate in the transformation of significant areas of the city and
show the socio-cultural trends of society. This can be expressed in an interactive,
socially directed aspect of the formation of urban space. The revealed features of
planning units can be used in the design of new landscaped areas.

Keywords
Territory for leisure, transformation of public spaces, landscape improvement,
spatial and spatial compositions

146 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Transformation of green spaces in the Krasnoyarsk city

Natalya Popkova, Brit Maksim
Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The present paper describes the investigation results of the processes of
transformation of green spaces in the city of Krasnoyarsk from the moment of their
creation till nowadays. During the investigation the earliest greening objects
appearing in Krasnoyarsk were analyzed: public gardens, V.M. Krutovsky garden,
Yudin garden, streets of the historical center of Krasnoyarsk.
The urgency of the research subject is due to the absence of a complex historical
analysis of the green spaces of Krasnoyarsk.
The retrospective analysis of transformation of the green spaces in Krasnoyarsk
shows that during their existence in the changing urban environment the green
spaces undergo considerable changes, being removed and reconstructed again. The
investigation revealed the main historical stages of the changes in the compositional
structure and functionality of green spaces in Krasnoyarsk.
The present study can be the starting point for further study of the complex approach
to solving problems concerning the system of urban greening in the city of
Krasnoyarsk.

Keywords
Green spaces, transformation, urban environment, public gardens

2018, Siberian Federal University 147

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Public parks in the North: Designed to liberate or discipline our

bodies?
Mikkel B. Tin
University of Southeast Norway, Norway
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
While access to the urban environment depends on practical needs and economic
power, public parks appear to provide access to all. Replacing practical and
economic interests by playgrounds, sport facilities, and fresh greenery, public parks
promote not only public health but also social integration. Yet public parks are not
neutral; they shape our bodily action and interaction. This shaping may be called
social choreographies, and social choreographies are strongly ideological. Thus,
recent park designs of the Nordic countries are liberal and inclusive in accord with
the Social Democratic and liberal tradition of these countries. Still one may ask
whether such liberal inclusiveness is not a political tool to better control the moving
body? When skateboarders and parkourists are encouraged to use large-scale
facilities constructed in the peripheries of public parks, can this be a way for the
authorities to confine highly mobile and anarchic elements to special designated
areas?

Keywords
Public parks, moving bodies, social choreography, social interaction, social control

148 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Public space in historical settlement-case studies in Southwest China

Xin Ran, Fei Chen
School of Architecture, University of Liverpool, UK
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This research investigates four piecemeal developed rural settlements of ethnic
minorities in Southwest China from an integrated morphological and socio-cultural
perspective. It aims to study the socio-cultural production of public spaces and their
transformation in those settlements. Morphological analysis, field observation and
onsite interviews are used to explore how public spaces were shaped and
transformed, and how social power structure influenced public space in such a
context. It intends to deepen understanding of publicness of public space in
primitively urbanised settlements and the social changes in China.
This research is based on theoretical discussion of publicness in Chinese rural
society, and a new definition and a typology of public spaces accordingly. The new
definition not only considers public space by physical features but also its role in
local public life. It examines the linkage between social power structure and physical
transformation of public space over time. Four periods are studied: imperial times
(221BC-1901), Late Qing and ROC (Republic of China) (1901-1949), socialist
reform period (1949-1978) and market reform period (1978-present). The proposed
social power structure has three layers featuring the state, local elites and religious
leaders etc, as well as the collective, of which their powers shift in these periods.
The four cases which are home to the mix of three ethnic groups (Han, Qiang and
Tibetan) are located along an ancient cultural and trade route. These settlements now
face increasing challenges from urbanisation, loss of cultural identity, rural to urban
migration and local tourist policies that over-exploit rich cultural resources. Public
spaces of the cases are categorised by degrees of publicness with regard to the social
power structure. The transformation of these spaces is then interpreted according to
the shift of power structure over time. The paper argues that public space is a relative
concept and always produced by the social relations of a particular society and
culture.

Keywords
Publicness, public space, Chinese rural settlements, social power structure
2018, Siberian Federal University 149
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

An investigation on influence of river on morphological aspects of a

historical city
Ali Reza Arsiya1, Mehrdad Mazloomi2
1
Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Iran
2
Islamic Azad University Qazvin Branch, Iran
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Nature has a profound impact on urban form of historical cities. This study
investigates the influence of river running through the historical part of Rasht city in
Iran. As the main objective, we attempt to find the relationships between the
morphological parameters of the fabric next by the river. Integrated with a quantified
statistic, a sampling approach for both sides of the river is carried out. The results
show that certain attributes rule the morphological aspects of sampled blocks where
paths are ruling wizards between them. Orienting North-South paths, blocks are
linear with small size grain. In East-West orientation, one can find a homogenous
distribution of urban grain in blocks. In addition, it is revealed that geometry of
parcels correlates with urban blocks and nearby path.

Keywords
Urban morphology, river, block, path

150 2018, Siberian Federal University

URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A New Comparative Analysis of Local Urban Morphology Based on

Local Climate Zones : A Study Using Mobile surveys in Chengdu
Testbed
Chen Fangli, Huang Yuan
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The local climate zones(LCZ) classification was introduced by Stewart and Oke
(2012) to standardize climatic observations and aim at link different land cover types
to corresponding thermal properties directly from the perspective of urban
geography. Yet the classification needs further development when it is applied into
local studies especially to analysis the urban morphology. The World Urban
Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) aims to produce a global shared
database capturing information on urban form and function for climate applications.
Chengdu was chosen as a trestbed for WUDAPT level 1 and level 2 development.
During the rapid urbanization of the past, new open built-up regions with high-rise
and high-intensity have been formed on the periphery of the traditional compact city
center with multi-storeies and medium- high density in Chengdu. This study aims to
improve the local development and validate the applicability of the LCZ
classification in Chengdu in hot-summer and cold-winter area in China based on the
urban morphological methods in Architecture and urban design. The traditional
central urban area and the southern new urban area were selected to map the local
climate zones (Level 0). A number of typical urban blocks of 6 LCZ types were
chosen to make the observation route. A local urban morphological analysis
template was developed, including morphotype, block layout, morphological
indicators etc. Meanwhile, the mobile measurement is an amicable and potential
method to research the thermal difference of diverse urban forms. Field investigation
on urban morphology and mobile surveys on air temperature have been launched
since the summer of 2017 to gather the air temperature by vehicle and walk. The
result was in general accord with the LCZ theory. Moreover, it presented some
interesting differences under the impact of local urban morphology. The template of
local morphological analysis based on the meteorological metadata development
showed important value to make more effective analysis.

Acknowledgement: the study is supported by Nature Science Foundation of China

(51508496)

Keywords
Local urban morphological analysis template, local climate zones (LCZ), World
Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT), mobile surveys

2018, Siberian Federal University 153

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Measuring the link between morphology and accessibility in two

peripheral neighborhoods
Erten S.1, Ozbil A.2, Ozer O.3, Gurleyen T.4, Yesiltepe D.2, Kurtulus I.4,
Bakovic M.4
1
8Arti Architecture and Urban Design, Turkey, 2Department of Architecture and
Built Environment, Northumbria University, UK, 3 Department of Architecture,
Okan University, Turkey; 4Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
Research on urban form and pedestrian accessibility suggests that on average smaller urban
blocks (Jacobs, 1961; Dill, 2003) with more grid-like subdivisions (Greenwald and
Boarnet, 2001; Boarnet and Crane, 2001) are better for pedestrians. However, the empirical
evidence so far has been generally limited to the western context and to neighbourhoods
within city centres (Siksna 1997; Sevtsuk et al., 2016). There is limited research that tests
applied methodologies in cities of the developing world (Bayat, 2010) as well as in
peripheral districts (Southworth and Owens 1993). As such, two neighborhoods in the
periphery of Istanbul metropolitan city were considered as a critical case in the context of
developing countries due to the challenges of rapid urban growth, struggle for transit-
oriented development, and socio-economical transformations.
The purpose of the study is to analyse the effect of different urban morphologies within
400-meter buffers of an urban square located in these neighbourhoods –dominated by
organic vs. grid-like street patterns and varied vs. uniform block sizes– on pedestrian
accessibility. The study first highlights the physical evolution of these neighbourhoods by
examining the changes that have occurred in block forms, street layout patterns, and land
parcelling. Then it explores how urban morphology affects pedestrian accessibility within
these areas. Urban morphology is measured by 10 key indices: intersection and block
density, spatial integration of street network configuration, level of land-use mix,
permeability as defined by Marshall (2005), buildings heights and footprints, grain size as
measured by Peimani (2016), ground space index and open space ratio as explained by
Berghauser Pont and Haupt (2005). Pedestrian accessibility is measured by the distribution
of flows (as measured by pedestrian counts) around the squares and the patterns of route
choices of users to reach the squares (as defined by questionnaires) within these areas.
Findings of this study can contribute significantly to the design and planning of public open
spaces located at the periphery specifically in rapidly growing metropolitan areas.

Keywords
Urban morphology, pedestrian accessibility, periphery, Istanbul, historical
evolution

154 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Urban morphological regions: development of an idea

Kai Gu
School of Architecture and Planning, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The questions of how to articulate and represent the structure of the urban landscape
have long been central to geographical urban morphology. Between the late 1950s
and the late 1980s, MRG Cozen made a major contribution to the development of
morphological regionalisation - the process of identifying and mapping urban
landscape units or morphological regions that are fundamental to the understanding
of the structure and growth of British towns and cities. In the past 2 to 3 decades, the
scope of research on morphological regionalisation has widened both
geographically, to include studies from diverse cultural regions, including the Far
East, and professionally, to demonstrate its significance for planning and urban
design. After a review of the origins and development of morphological
regionalisation, this Chapter focuses on the research contributions by JWR
Whitehand and his associates to the recent advancement of this morphological idea.
They include its new utilization in a number of variants, its application and
adaptation in different types of urban areas and different parts of the world, and its
potential and issues in the use in conservation planning. The new exploration of
morphological regionalisation is expected to contribute to the development of a body
of integrated and accessible knowledge of urban morphology across cultures and
disciplines.

Keywords
Urban landscapes, urban morphology, urban morphological regions, urban
landscape management

2018, Siberian Federal University 155

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Slope, Layers, and Walkability: Estimating the Link Between

Pedestrian Accessibility and Land Values in the Morphology of High
Density Cities
Higgins, Christopher D.1,2, Nel, Darren3, Bruyns, Gerhard3
1
Dept. of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, 2Dept. of Building and Real Estate,
3
School of Design Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected],

Abstract
Traditional urban economic models of the city postulate that the price and
development intensity of land is a function of its accessibility (Alonso, 1964; Mills,
1972; Muth, 1969). In the field of economic and transportation geography, the
concept of accessibility can be defined as the ease with which one can travel between
origins and destinations of value (Páez, Scott, & Morency, 2012). With finite
amounts of land, transportation infrastructure, and opportunities for interaction
within a city, locations that are more accessible should command higher economic
rent and greater development densities, all else being equal. More often than not,
such research has found a positive association between accessibility and land prices,
for example around rapid transit stations (Higgins & Kanaroglou, 2016). However,
in practice, this concept of accessibility and its link to urban form outcomes is often
operationalized in two dimensions, with existing approaches derived from, and most
suitable for analyzing low- to medium-density cities.
In contrast, higher-density “volumetric” cities require new methods and techniques
for estimating accessibility and its link to urban form. Per Shelton et al. (2011),
volumetric cities feature multiple modes of movement and stacked layers of
activities above and below ground with particular emphasis on pedestrian networks.
Moreover, topographical variation in these layers of activities and their relationship
with the ground presents additional complexity when considering pedestrian
connectivity and the ease of movement. Quite simply, existing approaches to
measuring access are not appropriate for capturing the dynamics of high-density,
volumetric, and topographically-varied cities. In response, using a case study of
Hong Kong Island, the present paper proposes a new approach to measuring
pedestrian accessibility in volumetric cities, and estimates its link to land prices.
Preliminary results suggest that topography and layered connections have a
significant impact on walkability and access. Furthermore, econometric models
suggest a link between connectivity and willingness to pay among households.

Keywords
Accessibility, walkability, land value, volumetric
156 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Morphological techniques for assessing urban form of Istanbul’s

Historical Peninsula
Aslı Koç, Ayşe Sema Kubat
Urban and Regional Planning Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],

Abstract
In this paper, the study of morphological transformation of historical peninsula in
Istanbul is investigated. Urban form of historical peninsula evolved under
predominant influence of religion and culture; besides it bears this symbolic imprint
in its urban form. For this study, particular relevance is given to Islamic social
complexes and its surrounding settlements. These areas have ground and
underground remains from different time periods; Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and
Republican as well as important role in dominating silhouette. To the best of authors’
knowledge, it is the first attempt to analyze those case study areas in terms of
examining urban morphology in more detailed.
Urban morphology is an approach to analyze physical form of the cities, which are
always transformed and developed by inhabitants. Morphological change of region
is related with social and economic context, which have direct impact on town plan
and building fabric. This paper aims to contribute understanding street pattern
development, plot pattern change and replacement process of building pattern in
urban morphology by adapting town plan analysis and syntactic measures.
The selected areas, are analyzed by adapting different methods of urban
morphology; Conzenian school of thought field surveys and large-scale plans, an
approach on block size and form proposed by Moudon subject to typology of house
forms and lots and space syntax theory based on natural roads, axial lines and
angular segment analyses recently introduced by space syntax community to
interpret changes, differences and similarities on urban form. Furthermore, historical
GIS is utilized as a tool in order to create a database. The aim of the study is to
investigate reflection of different civilizations on urban form and reveal the
interactions of spaces on morphological structure for dealing with change.
As a result, identification of unique characteristics of urban form, building pattern
and transformation of town-plan is evaluated with combination of the different
methods of Urban Morphology.

Keywords
Urban morphology, town-plan, building pattern, Istanbul, Space Syntax, Conzenian
Approach

2018, Siberian Federal University 157

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

A typo-morphology reading and re-interpreting on the historic

walled center of Xi’an, China
Xu Lu1,2, Shuyi Xie3
1
Department of Architecture, Built Environment, Construction Engineering,
Politecnico di Milano, Italy;
2
School of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, China;
3
Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This paper presents a typological and morphological study through identifying the
different urban fabric spheres within the historic walled center of Xi’an. As a famous
walled city with thousands years of history and a large amount of monumental relics,
the historic urban fabric has been largely damaged due to large-scale reconstruction
inside the Walled City since the 1990s. Plus, the conventional conservation plans
since this century are either superficial on the appearance of buildings or only focus
on isolated monuments regardless of the historic urban context. Worse still, the
existed conventional conservation plans and strategies have created some obstacles
on urban development for meeting contemporary living needs. Rather than
improving the real local livability, projects are aiming at pursuing touristic economy,
which drives considerable local inhabitants out of the walled city. Thus, the last
decades have witnessed the Walled City has been deteriorating into touristic
‘thematic park’, leading decrease of its original inhabitants and habitability
conditions. Inspired by experienced Italian typo-morphological approaches, this
paper not only indicates the typo-morphological evolution process with physical
urban fabric of Xi’an Walled City, but also discusses the various social context
resulted in the urban transformations in certain typical periods. Through the typo-
morphology reading, particularly regarding the social-culture context both from the
historic and contemporary layers, Xi’an Walled City is classified into seven featured
categories of urban fabrics with proposed corresponding rehabilitation strategies and
treatments. Through this way, the paper aims at setting a methodological framework
for the future rehabilitation process of the walled city of Xi’an and providing
technical supports on guiding various urban forms to be well integrated into the
contemporary city and to play a salient role for improving urban livability. The study
is expected to serve as a representative example to inspire following rehabilitation
research of historic centers in China.

Keywords
Walled city, historic center, typo-morphology, social-culture context, Xi’an, China

158 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Mapping the Relationship between Site Coding and Street Spatial

Configuration: Case Study in Nanjing, China
Yafei Ma, Lian Tang, Wowo Ding
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, China
e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] ,[email protected]

Abstract
Street spatial configuration regarded often as the urban design object is one of the
characteristics of urban form, which is shaped by the buildings along the street. As
is known to all, the positions of buildings are limited to its plot with site coding,
building type and security rules, so that it is important to know the correlation
between street spatial configuration and those urban regularities for urban designer.
Based upon numerous urban rules referring to the street, our research has tried to
study the relationship between site coding, building type, various city rules through
the years and street spatial configuration, while mapping all kinds of rules becomes
necessary process and method.
In order to do so, our research has built a 3D model for mapping consisting of all
species and all the positions of plots and reflecting all the impacts of urban spatial
regulations on plots and their buildings. Three groups of information are mapped on
model: (1) urban planning indicates including land use and traffic network; (2) the
plot size, shape, position and building types; (3) urban environment healthy and
security rules. According to the mapping results, we tried to generate street spatial
configuration model. The research shows clearly the importance of the urban
regulations to the street spatial configuration and the problems of those rules to build
urban form. Through statistical analysis, not only our study shows the limitation of
street design but also the potential of the urban design and urban codes. Finally this
paper makes a focus on discussing how the urban coding acts in morphologic
process, especially in spatial configuration.

Keywords
Street spatial configuration, urban regularity, site coding, building layout

2018, Siberian Federal University 159

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Microclimatic performance of urban form: an analytic method in

energy-sensitive urban design
Maiullari Daniela
Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology,
TUD
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Urbanised areas will remain the dominant consumers of energy in the coming
decades. During the course of transformation of these areas – urban extensions,
densification and requalification of existing urban areas - multiple opportunities
emerge to integrate new and innovative design measures that create synergies
between available energy resources, infrastructures and the spatial characteristics of
the urban environment, with the purpose of reducing the energy demand.
In this so-called Energy Sensitive Urban Design approach, urban form
characteristics can play an important role in the improvement of the energy
performance. According to some studies, the relationship between urban form and
building energy consumption accounts for one third of the total energy use.
However, these studies largely neglect the microclimatic effects that the composition
and configuration of the urban fabric creates, such as shading, alterations in wind
patterns, elevated air temperatures, etc.
Therefore, a method has been developed that aims to analyse the impact of
surrounding urban form on building microclimatic environment. It allows to
examine, within complex spatial contexts, the environmental performance of
morphological typologies based on quantitative variables.
In a first step, a set of morphological parameters describing openness to the sky,
built density and roughness, are identified and related to microclimatic factors that
affect energy use for heating and cooling at the building level. Secondly, the selected
morphological parameters are used to analyse a district development masterplan in
Zürich, Switzerland.
Thirdly, the case study area is modelled and simulated by using ENVI-met in order
to predict the outdoor microclimatic performance in the specific climatic context.
Lastly, the morphological parameters analysed in the first steps are correlated with
the simulated microclimate data and, through comparison, conclusions are drawn
regarding energy-sensitive urban form in the selected case study.

Keywords
Energy-sensitive urban design, urban microclimate, morphological parameters

160 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Urban Morphology of the proximity parks system in Valencia.

A typomorphological classification applicated to Camins al Grau
quarter
David Urios Mondéjar, Ana Portalés Mañanós, Juan Colomer Alcácer
Departamento de Urbanismo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Spain
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
At present, main processes of urban growth in European cities have abandoned the
extensive occupation of the territory that was years ago and have turned into the
requalification and regeneration of their inner zones, seeking opportunities in
obsolescent, underequipped and low urban quality areas. Public free space is the
element of the urban system that gives structure to these areas of opportunity.
However, the study of the urban form and the historical processes that have
generated it by urban morphologists has traditionally been developed in a richer
definition of the architectural form than the spatial. It is necessary, therefore, to
expand the knowledge of urban morphology by extending it to public space and its
typomorphological reading, determining a set of components that, once stated,
compared and weighted, allow different ways to intervent in urban regeneration
areas. In this context, neighborhood parks, traditionally underrated in the whole
public space system of the city, acquire a special relevance in terms of aggregate
surface, immediacy to housing and green-isolation potential; so they concentrate a
large part of the neighborhood socialization. Its study has a tridisciplinary basis:
morphological, social and environmental, so its recognition, characterization and
typification are very necessary to define urban regeneration strategies to improve the
quality of citizens' daily life. So this paper develops the morphological approach and
aims to publicize a classification system of these parks that is based on their
conditions of urban insertion, morphology, surface, volumetric enclosure, limits
configuration and composition plan, which explain the urban form and have an
impact on on psychological and environmental aspects of their users, conditioning
their comfort status and their acceptance degree of the urban space they are using.
For this, is proposed a methodology that translates these parameters to comparable
variables that can be weighted in order to improve the design of efficient urban
regeneration strategies. It is selected a case study for its application, focused at the
scale of the district size and tested in Camins al Grau quarter, located between the
historic center and the sea front and developed in the second half of the 20th century,
with a sufficiently heterogeneous urban morphology that, once demonstrated the
method’s validity, it could be extrapolated to the whole city as urban morphology
knowledge of the public space system.

Keywords
Public space network, neighbourhood parks, typomorfological classification
2018, Siberian Federal University 161
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The Integration of Archetype into the development of World Urban

Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT) level 1 & 2 Method in
Chengdu Testbed
Yuan Huang, Fangli Chen, Yanxiao Pan, Rui Huang
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Based on the landscape classification from the view of climatology, the Local
Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme developed by Stewart and Oke has provided the
worldwide researchers a standard description on urban heat island at local climate
scale with the friendly morpho-climatic language. World Urban Database and
Access Portal Tool(WUDAPT) is designed to collect and manage urban data on
urban form, material content and function for climate study issues and modeling
applications for major cities throughout the world. WUDAPT consists of a portal
system and a database, and the database structure is a hierarchy of different levels
of urban data.
In WUDAPT level 0 method, urban areas are classified preliminarily based on
available free online resources (Landsat imageries) and the expertise by local urban
experts, and the LCZs classification maps can be generated at regional and city scale.
However, the development of WUDAPT level 1&2 method is facing more
challenge, it focuses on capturing high spatial precision data of urban blocks and
building typologies worldwide. The methodology is based on a pragmatic approach
related to the investigation and diagnosis of urban form characteristics, functions
and buildings in a series of testbeds around the world, such as Chengdu. Therefore,
the classic Archetype method in urban form study has been introduced and integrated
into the WUDAPT level 1&2 development, from the view of local climate scale and
the environmental thermal performance studies. With the innovative protocol
supporting by crowdsourcing approaches, the representative urban blocks of each
built-up types have been selected in Chengdu testbed. Moreover, the local
morphological analysis template has been developed in form of the descriptors such
as urban layout, morphological indicators and building typology etc. With the insitu
morphological investigation and post-process, it sets up diverse but unique Urban
Canopy Parameters (UCPs) to each urban block case study. The numerical
simulation based on (Digital Surface Mode) DSM data with Urban Multi-scale
Environmental Predictor (UMEP) has been applied based on a set of critical UCPs
for each urban block. The environmental thermal performance of the representative
case studies are characterized and compared under the refinement of LCZ scheme.

Keywords
Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme, Archetype, World Urban Database and Access
Portal Tool (WUDAPT), Urban Canopy Parameters (UCPs), testbed
162 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

A comparative study on thermal environmental performance of the

urban form prototypes based on local climate zone (LCZ) Scheme
Huang Yuan1, Yanxiao Pan1, Jason Ching2
1
Southwest Jiaotong University, China;
2
Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina, USA
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The local climate zone (LCZ) classification was introduced by Stewart and Oke (2012) to
standardize climatic observations. It aims at link different land cover types to corresponding
thermal properties directly from the perspective of urban geography. Yet the classification needs
further development when it is applied into local urban morphology studies. The World Urban
Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) aims to produce a global shared database capturing
information on urban form and function for climate applications. Chengdu has been chosen as a
testbed for WUDAPT level 1 and level 2 development.
The local climate zones (LCZ) classification standard universe is composed of two major subset
“built types”1-10 and “land cover types” A-G. The standard set contains 10 sensitive thermal
environment indicators, which represent the characteristics of urban morphology, surface
coverage, building materials and human activities.
This paper tries to integrate “local climate zones (LCZ)”landscape classification system and
“architectural typology” of Italian school. It analyzes the urban morphology in detail from the
perspective of three-dimensional at district scale, which develops the analysis methods and
templates of urban morphology.
As a methodology of categories, typology can classify the forms with similar structural
characteristics. In architectural typology, the architectural mass (or interface) and its open space
are two basic elements of urban texture.
This paper takes Chengdu as an experimental field in hot-summer and cold-winter area. Firstly,
based on the survey of the actual urban morphology, this paper extracts and purifies the theoretical
prototype of LCZ1 ~ 6.
Secondly, from the perspective of architectural typology，this paper transforms and combines
various forms under the control of deep structure to explore different combinations types of
architectural mass (or interface) and its open space. According to the architectural plane layout,
underlaying surface property and greening morphotypes, the theoretical prototype of LCZ1 ~ 6
would be further subdivided to construct analysis frameworks and templates of morphological
theory cases and local morphology.
Moreover, this paper compares the morphological characteristics of these cases. Depending on the
urban local climate numerical model “ENVI-met”, comparative studies on the outdoor thermal
performance and the applicability validation of “local climate zones (LCZ)” are conducted on the
different LCZ theoretical Prototypes or the different subdivision Prototypes under the summer and
winter climate conditions.
Finally, this paper puts forward the guidance strategies of urban morphology control for the
mitigation of heat island effect.

Keywords
World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT), local climate zones
(LCZ), Architectural Typology, theoretical prototype, simulation and validation

2018, Siberian Federal University 163

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Connecting Morpho to urban vitality: the case of Moscow

Kotov Egor A., Goncharov Ruslan V.
Graduate School of Urbanism, National Research University Higher School of
Economics, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This article aims to contribute to the recent efforts of ISUF to bring closer and
ultimately integrate the academic research on urban morphology and urban planning
practice.
Methodological differences between schools of urban morphology are a barrier to
integration between research and practice. Qualitative schools focus on the historico-
geographical approach of MRG Conzen and the process typological approach based
on the work of Muratori (Oliveira, 2016)). Quantitative schools include Space
Syntax (Hillier, 1996) and various spatial analysis methods primarily popularised by
Michael Batty (2013). Each school brings its value to the urban morphology
research, but even the academics may not always be able to appropriately select the
methods according to particular problems they are trying to address (Oliveira and
Medeiros, 2016).
There is a need for a unified approach to the study of urban morphology. Oliveira
(2013) proposed such an approach (Morpho) on a street scale, later Oliveira and
Medeiros (2016) demonstrated its application at the city scale.
Building upon the Morpho methodology this paper assesses the urban form in
Moscow using seven morphological measures. It then explores the effects of
physical urban form in Moscow on urban vitality (where “vitality is what
distinguishes successful urban areas from the others” (Montgomery, 1998))
characterised by (a) intensity of use of urban space (through analysis of mobile
phone data and locations of businesses) and (b) land value (through residential rental
rates – Xiao (2017) explored links between housing market and urban morphology
extensively, but only in relation to a set of Space Syntax measures).

Keywords
Urban morphology, physical urban form, Morpho, planning practice, assessment
methodology, Moscow, intensity of use of urban space, land value

164 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Connectivity and accessibility as the key factors of the macro-space

Krasheninnikov Alexey
Moscow Architectural Institute (state academy), Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
People recognize the territory according to their "mental map" [8]. The mental maps
are individual, but the general and rational ideas about the urban environment are
universal and depend mostly on education and experience. The big cities tend to
grow according to the international cultural patterns and norms of Environmental
Behavior. Environmental Behavior is reflecting the physical abilities of man. We
suggest that the spatial structure of Macro-space can be analyzed through the two
key factors: the accessibility and connectivity of place. Accessibility can be
measured by the time one needs to reach the Macro-space and the Connectivity - by
the number of people that could be part of social life in the core area. . Thus,
Accessibility is an indicator of linear dimensions, physical boundaries and direction
of links, and Connectivity is a derivative of the number of people, the density and
the layout of settlement.
The Macro-space as a structural element of the urban. Macro space – is the common
name for a number of topological models of Built Environment. Three basic types
of Macro-space are: - "Enclave", -"Region", and "District" were first formulated in
the book Urban Blocks (1987) and since that time the concept had come through
several evaluations. The combination of basic models explains the social functions
and spatial parameters of such patters as an Urban block, Micro-region, Transit
Oriented Development (TOD), Walkable city, Centric, Liner, Network structures of
the urbanized areas and even the agglomerations. The presentation shows the effect
of ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY for the development of public spaces
of the town.

Keywords
Cognitive urbanism, built environment, morphogenesis, macro-space,
accessibility and connectivity

2018, Siberian Federal University 165

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The implosive approach and urban environment design

Rasuleva Iuliia V., Kudasheva Dilara R.
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The article considers the implosive approach features in research of urban territories and
the application of the implosive techniques to the traditional urban design algorithm, by
means of which, it can be widened by additional project steps, that supply adaptability of
taken project decisions.
The implosion phenomenon in general academic submission is formulated as an
«explosion, directed inside». The suggested approach develops an architectural version of
this phenomenon as a model of external and internal project contexts interaction. The
model displaces usual borders of the pre-project analysis stage of the design process and
directly brings in its elements into the stage of project developing.
During the pre-project analysis stage in external project context the initial situation is
synthesized as a «virtual simulacrum» of contextual links with environment, that are
conditionally built in horizontal and vertical planes. The vertical plane is linked with
history, genius loci and vernaculars, while the horizontal plane reflects actual urban
processes of local and global levels. The inner project context is defined by the work of an
architect’s individual creative laboratory, forming a new type of territory emotional
experience and the advantage of its resource potential, formalizing through the prism of
personal appropriation (Rasuleva, 2016). In the implosive approach the result of external
and internal contexts interaction becomes the creation of the initial situation model as a
scenography of processes, actives and potentials of the examined territory (Rasuleva,
2016). The model forms the urban strategy in accordance with the target specification and
creates the presuppositions of final forming adaptability to its changes of conditions from
all interested participants.
During the project developing stage the created model adaptability to real life is
technologically piloted in three basic regime-stages – «historical», «infrastructural» and
«anthropogenic». The «historical» regime of adaptation is concentrated on providing the
communication of the project with the historical and cultural potential of the territory
(Rasuleva, Mukhamadullina, 2015). The «infrastructural» regime of adaptation supposes
the examination of the initial territory in terms of stability and instability of its livelihood
(Rasuleva, Volchik, 2015), (Sitar, 2017). The «anthropogenic» regime forms the access to
the communication with the «users» of the territory, investors and the city administration
(Sanoff, 2000). The feature of suggested mechanism of adaptation is the advantage of
fixing every regime by the architectural form.

Keywords
The implosive design method, research of urban territories, the contextual
design

166 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The urban typology matrix (1867-1918)

Éva Lovra
Independent researcher
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The study is going to describe those new methods in the field of urban morphology,
which define the urban types in historic Hungary (1867-1918) via categorization of
their diverse urban tissues and basic urban types. The method has been developed
by the author because there were no suitable methods for the morphological research
of the towns in the former Austria-Hungary (1867-1918). The first part of the study
presents the limitations and opportunities that legitimize the need to develop the
method. The urban types can be determined by the urban morphology matrix and it
defines a higher degree of typology, the urban typology. 70 towns were studied and
16 basic urban types and 9 final urban types were distinguished in the territory of
historic Hungary.

Keywords
Urban typology, methodology, urban matrix

2018, Siberian Federal University 167

URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL THEORY
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Taking a long view: two centuries of urban morphology

Jeremy Whitehand
Urban Morphology Research Group, School of Geography, Earth and
Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Research in urban morphology over the past two centuries, especially since the First
World War and more particularly in recent decades, is reviewed. Attention is given
to the development of different approaches and schools of thought, and the benefits
for future research and practice to be derived from appreciating these. The example
of research on the fringe-belt concept and the valuable links to be made with other
disciplines and other aspects of urban form are discussed.

Keywords
Urban morphology
2018, Siberian Federal University 171
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urban Morphology’s New Territories

Giuseppe Strappa
Dipartimento Diap, “Sapienza” Università degli Studi di Roma,
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The tradition of UM studies is mainly based on the reading of historical fabrics from
which general methods have been derived (Conzen from Alnwick, Muratori from
Venice and Rome, Caniggia from Como).
The methods derived, particularly in the Italian school, have implicitly had the goal
of ensuring continuity in the transformation processes of buildings and fabrics
through the study of the formative laws and the phases of updating and changing.
The problem of how economic structures act on the form of the city has only
indirectly been taken into consideration, through the study of the specialization of
building structures and their relations with the fabric. Today, however, these
structures operate through global networks and the transformations underway derive
from logics largely distant from the city's own forming processes.
It is therefore necessary to read with new tools fabrics that have lost their congruence
with the traditional processes, originated by complex procedures that take place at
the edge of the city as result of economic operations on a planetary scale. These
great, anonymous metropolitan ganglia are, in fact, the profound expression and the
problematic center of the current city. Their polar function, even if evident, has little
to do with the poles of the consolidated fabrics collecting territorial routes and
linking them to the life of the cities. The form of huge large-scale retail structures
born between the city and the countryside, are perhaps the most immediate and
readable representation of this phenomenon (Strappa, 2018).
Large retail spaces form the terminal pole in which a multitude of productive chains
intersect, belonging more to worldwide systems than to the city.
And because of its character of architecture devoid of conscious aesthetic synthesis,
Chung, 2001) the contemporary retail space ends up producing typical
“spontaneous” serial forms where the notion of aggregation seems replaced by the
one, opposite and complementary, of subdivision (Longstreth, 2000).
The morphological-processual reading could, in these areas of study, demonstrate
its critical character prefiguring a future in which polarizations generated by
delocalized operations will reconstruct new connections with base building,
according to new processes of restructuring, transformation, knotting.

Keywords
City Transformation, Processual Reading, Contemporary Urban Design

172 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Morphology of the post-carbon city it the understanding of urban

theory
Kukina Irina V.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
In the theory of urban planning there are several established concepts of the modern
city. “Post-carbon” city for sample is the common definition describing wide list of
the newest attitudes to urban design in general. The most important understanding
is the idea about last technological revolution which should radically changes the
form of the modern cities. It indicates a new era of understanding the morphology
of the city due to the appearance of a series of the new interpretations of the zones
and parts of the city as well as processes driving those changes. Attitude towards
high quality of urban life is associated with understanding of dynamic synergetic
uncontrolled urban processes and growing interest in the ways in which cities are
changing their structures in this regard. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, in
the process of overcoming the problems of the industrial city, an active brainstorm
took place in professional circles in search of a logical and comfortable structure of
the modern city. In the twentieth century, first in the theory, then in the practice of
urban development, new morphological units which were characteristic to the urban
modernity, essentially changed the structure of cities. The “Modern city” of the
twentieth century has accumulated morphological changes that are subject to study.
Moreover, classical urban morphological concepts such as “market concretion”,
“landscape units”, “fringe belts”, other confirm the general laws of the development
of the city. Their action is manifested in the structure of a modern city.

Keywords
City morphology, urban theory, applied morphological concepts
2018, Siberian Federal University 173
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Including Christopher Alexander's pattern languages and centers in

the theoretical formulations of Urban Morphology
Howard Davis
School of Architecture & Environment, University of Oregon, USA
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Several formulations, including Conzenian ideas, the typo-morphology of the
"Italian school," and space syntax, together provide a robust understanding of urban
morphology. This paper will explore the relevance of Christopher Alexander's work
to this discourse, connecting it to these existing formulations.
The paper will use three seminal works of Alexander. "A city is not a tree" was a
critique of modernist planning based on an understanding of the functional
complexity of cities, arguing that the traditional city is a networked system with
multiple connections and choices. A Pattern Language put forward the idea of a
linked series of relationships in the urban environment, each of which represents a
spatial resolution to a possible functional conflict. And the formulation of centers at
different scales, described in The Nature of Order and implemented in the simulation
described in A New Theory of Urban Design, is an evolution of the pattern language
idea, putting emphasis on the perceivable entity ("center") in its relationship to
others.
These works are examined in the context of principal ideas of the well-known
formulations of urban morphology. For example, the integration cores at different
radii in space syntax will be described in relation to Alexander's centers. The plan
areas of Conzenian analysis will be compared to the neighbourhoods and subcultures
of Alexander's town-form patterns. The typological evolution described by the
"Italian school" will be examined in light of the piecemeal growth advocated by
Alexander.
In recent years writings in Urban Morphology have hypothesized the possibility of
a unified view of urban morphology, synthesizing its different schools of thought.
By analyzing several urban case studies, the paper will contribute to the discourse
by bringing Alexander into the picture, which will hopefully provide one additional
step toward such a unified theory.

Keywords
City morphology, urban theory

174 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Irkutsk downtown street network and quarters morphology: the

reconstruction strategy
Bolshakov Andrey G., Belomestnykh Sergey S.
Irkutsk national research technical university, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
A method for analyzing the morphogenesis of a street network has been developed, which
makes it possible to identify such properties of the network as connectivity, adaptation to
an external bounding contour, stability and variability. Intersections with their
configuration serve as "genes". The street network is assembled from intersections - nodes.
As a whole, the network design will be derived from the type of nodes and from their share
in the total number of nodes and types. Long arterial streets divide the territory into
districts; short - the internal private space. The proportion of node types is changing and,
accordingly, the architectural and planning structure of the city is changing. The centuries-
old evolution of Irkutsk shows the dynamics of changes in the street network.
The streets serve as the axes of the frameworks of the territory. The coastal - the axes of
the landscape-recreational framework. Arterial streets collect around themselves objects
attracted by commercial interest consequently functional-morphological framework was
formed. The historical heritage preservation depends upon both the attractiveness of the
streets for significant objects placing and the factors of natural disasters or political
cataclysms that lead the heritage destruction.
This concept was confirmed by the morphogenesis of quarters analysis. The key
characteristic of the quarters for us is their mass-empty space scheme. It reflects the share
of development and the share of open space, the connectivity of open spaces among
themselves, the closeness of the building perimeter, the height and the density of buildings.
By the middle of the 19th century the increase of open spaces share, their orthogonal
ordering and increase in the convexity index gradient was directed from the historical core
through the settlement to the foothill periphery, i.e. linearly. After the fire of 1879 the
gradient changed. The center of gravity was pulled to the place of the central market.
The landscape-recreational framework of the historical center receives the form of a ring.
The reason is that the downtown is surrounded by valuable natural landscapes. The density
building gradient increases radially to the central market. The main crossroads - the district
of the central market, is in the center of the ring.
The sanation or the missing elements completion for the quarters patterns are proposed.
The revealed regularities of the morphotypes belonging to the areas of urban frameworks
indicate the manifestation of urban motivations in the evolution of the territory: different
kinds of preservation; maintaining density and traffic, functional and commercial
framework; and preservation and exposure of the architectural monuments in the historical
and cultural zone. In general, this constitutes the scientific basis for the strategy of
reconstruction of the historical Irkutsk downtown in the aspects of the sustainable
development.

Keywords
The territory frameworks, street network, morphology, quarters patterns, layout
structure development, reconstruction strategy

2018, Siberian Federal University 175

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urban Planning Traditions and Today’s Demands

Igor Bondarenko
Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban
Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of
Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This paper discusses the historical and theoretical outlined in the second part of the conference
title: “from traditions to today’s demands”. Both concepts, presented in opposition to each other,
need to be clarified. Urban planning traditions have been diverse. Today’s demands also cannot
be defined in a univocal way. Our aim is to identify the most valuable traditions that are worthy
enough to be preserved and cultivated in future. We have to admit that in contemporary urban
planning, there are traditions that contradict earlier customs and rules that at a certain point in
history were recognized as outdated. They have to be revised. We should leave behind the tradition
to oppose set off city and village against each other, as well as the Soviet ambition erase differences
between them and to eliminate unpromising villages.
The growth of urban district territories, which are now identified with cities themselves, caused
by the recent reform of local governance in Russia, as well as active processes of agglomeration
require fundamentally new concepts of structure and character of the contemporary city
incorporating the diverse architectural and natural living environment. The task is to minimalize
the conflicts between incompatible types of planning and development and to guarantee that they
will not appear in the future. The paper formulates the author’s ideas on the actualization of some
ancient communal and corresponding urban-planning traditions and creation of friendly relations
between difference loci of residential territories that definitely should have certain autonomy, and
thus have wide enough spatial breaches, and by no means they should become monolithic
residential areas. The democratic social organization requires the formation of an adequate
morphology of contemporary settlements.
There is a defective tradition to unify residential development on the pretext that the democratic
formation supposedly demands it. In truth, it is a manifestation characteristic of totalitarian
regimes that force the right way to happiness upon their subjects. True democracy is inseparable
from the interests and abilities of individuals, naturally very different and ever changing. This
brings forth the necessity to individualize architectural decisions as well. Human beings can adapt
to any environment, however, it does not mean that they should always be satisfied by the poor
produce of today’s construction industry. And even in the assortment of architectural supply
becomes richer, it will not lead to the real success. Architecture on sale in not that same thing as
architecture on demand, for yourself, for your family, for your successors. Here we make the
conclusion that the mission of social and cultural development is to revive on a new level the
traditions of private, mostly one-family estates disregarding their status. It is clear that “garden
cities” of rural type are more preferable than today’s “concrete jungles” that will gradually fade
away as undermining human dignity heritage of the industrial era with its failed revolutionary
utopian social experiments.

Keywords
Architecture, art, urban planning, culture, environment, traditions and modernity,
the fate of the village, individualization, democracy

176 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Lhasa Urban Morphology Evolution and Construction Patterns

Analysis
Yuan Huang1, Pu Bian2, Wenyan Cai1, Yanxiao Pan1
1
Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2
Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
With the rapid development of urban modernization in Lhasa, urban morphology is
facing unprecedented challenges, and there is a great contradiction between the
protection of cityscape and the development of modernization. According to the
individuation of Lhasa city and the special factors of Tibetan culture, this paper
analyzes the collision between the urban traditional spatial form and modernized
spatial form through the comparison between the spontaneous growth pattern and
unitized layout pattern in Lhasa.
The spontaneous growth pattern is mainly represented by the areas formed by
Tibetan Buddhism culture gravitation ,such as the Jokhang Temple Area and the
Sera Monastery Area, and the communities formed by the citizens' independent
construction ,such as the Gamalgongsan Community and Cusongtang Community),
and the unitized layout pattern is the compulsory planning area mainly built by the
government ,such as Chengguan Garden, Tibet Convention and Exhibition Center,
Yu Tuo Road block. This paper analyzes and describes the urban texture, the street
spatial features, the architectural prototypes, the environmental landscape elements,
the architectural skin features and the living conditions of the citizens under the two
models, and quantitatively compares the spatial morphology indexes ,such as
building height, building density, floor area ratio, street aspect ratio, etc . This paper
attempts to explore the development features and evolution patterns of the urban
morphology in Lhasa so as to provide theoretical support and reference for the
research of individualized and localized urban forms in Lhasa and other Tibet cities
in the future.

Acknowledgement: the study is supported by Nature Science Foundation of China

(51508496)

Keywords
Spontaneous growth pattern, unitized layout, morphological types, Tibetan culture,
Lhasa city

2018, Siberian Federal University 177

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Teaching different approaches in urban morphology

Vítor Oliveira
CITTA Research Centre for Territory Transports and Environment, Portugal
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Why, what and how to teach urban morphology? How to make an effective use of
the different morphological approaches? These are two major questions of the debate
in urban morphology studies. The ‘Emerging Perspectives on Urban Morphology’ /
EPUM research project addresses these fundamental issues. Funded by the Erasmus
+ programme, the project brings together five partners from different countries in
South and Central Europe that have been promoting different morphological
approaches, from the historico-geographical approach to the process-typological
approach and to space syntax. Through a continuous learning process of meetings,
teaching activities and workshops, that gathers a diverse set of teachers and learners,
EPUM will: i) compare and improve the ways in which urban form and the agents
and processes that are responsible for its transformation over time, are taught; ii)
compare the theoretical, conceptual and methodological basis of the different
approaches, identifying their main strengths and weaknesses, and exploring the
possibilities to combine some of these different ways of describing, explaining and
prescribing the physical form of cities. This paper, in particular, will discuss the
theoretical framework, the process/methodology and the intended results of the
project.

Keywords
Teaching urban morphology, different approaches, historico-geographical
approach, process-typological approach, space syntax

178 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Typo-morphology and environmental perception of urban space

Todor Stojanovski1, Östen Axelsson2
1
Urban and Regional Studies, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
2
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Urban design can be understood as an art to arrange design elements such as streets,
lots, buildings, land uses, sidewalks, building façades, urban furniture, landscaping,
etc. in urban space. These design elements can derive from morphological research.
Typo-morphology is a branch of urban morphology that works with urban elements
or/and patterns. Urban morphologists intuitively understand and abstract structural
elements of cities. They organize them in a morphological structure and create
typologies of urban elements and patterns.
Understanding morphological structure in a context of perception and cognition of
urban space can be important for urban designers and morphologically informed
urban design. This paper discusses how morphological structure and its design
elements affects different perceptual modalities. Vision is the dominant sense in
humans, and the predominant focus in architecture and urban design. Visual
perception is enhanced when supported by related auditory cues and vice versa.
Sounds provide an important link to reality, are enriching and protective. We pay
more attention to sources we can hear but not see, for example a car approaching
from behind. Without sound, visual perception is less contrastful and less
informative.

Keywords
Typo-morphology, morphological structure, visual perception, auditory perception

2018, Siberian Federal University 179

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

A Review of The Relationship between Urban greening morphology

and urban climate
Yu Xi1, Jingyi Liu, Yuan Huang
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Green space in built environment has the regulation on climate which contains
reducing solar access, cooling, humidification , producing breeze in local area.
Therefore, it has a great improvement effect on urban local climate. The
investigation discovered that existing study on the relationship between morphology
and climate are mainly based on hard elements as buildings, pavements and so on
but few based on soft elements as green space or so.
This paper tries to bring together the former studies on the relationship between
green space and local climate by typology methods. First, focus on individual green
Space, dividing existing research according to their research scale. Analyzing how
the spatial characteristics of green space effect local climate based on these studies
and how to measure and describe the spatial characteristics of green space through
landscape language. Then, extending research to green spaces in built environment
on block scale, summarize the classification of green spaces and how they impact
local climate from former research.
Finally, summarizing the relationship between urban greening morphology and
urban climate.

Keywords
Urban greening morphology, Spatial characteristics, Local Climate, typology,
Landscape pattern

180 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The explanatory power of Space Syntax and Urban Morphology

van Nes Akkelies
Department of Civil Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences,
Noway; Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft, еhe
Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]

Abstract
Space Syntax, developed by Hillier and his colleagues, and Urban Morphology,
developed by Muratori, Whitehand, Conzen and the School of Versailles are
significant contributions for generating general understandings or theory building on
built environments. In this contribution Roy Bhaskar's critical realistic model of
science and Georg Henrik von Wright's account of explanation and understanding
are used to assess the explanatory power of Space Syntax and Urban Morphology
research.
In essence subsequent considerations will distinguish between a theory able to offer
an explanation of phenomena and a theory proposing an understanding thereof. As
concluded, Space Syntax can offer an explanation of changes in a built environment
in terms of cause and effect, while Urban Morphology aims at an understanding of
the meaning associated with the causes at issue. The first perspective concerns built
form and function, while the latter one concerns built form and meaning. Examples
from cases where both research methods are applied will be used and discussed
throughout the paper.

Keywords
Theory building, Space Syntax, urban morphology, modal logics, explanatory
power, urbanism

2018, Siberian Federal University 181

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Multi-layer analysis of morphology of the city of Krasnoyarsk based

on concept urban landscape units
Petrosyan Evgine
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian
Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The Conzenian concept of the urban landscape unit is one of the most diverse
approaches to the study of urban morphology: (Hiroyuki Yoshida 2004, Manabu
Omae 2004, Kai Gu 2013, J.R. Shi 2015, other).
Large cities around the world are growing that is why diversity of the urban
landscape units is forming within the city’s boundaries. That entails an inevitable
change of the urban form and the complication of the city morphology. In fast-
growing and changing world, the analysis of urban morphology is relevant.
Morphology of each city could be understood as the dynamic system of the
interlinked urban landscape units
This research introduced the study of urban morphology based on the concept of an
urban landscape unit, relying on the methods of big data. Understanding of the city
as the combination of the different in the "context" urban landscape units is
important for the strategic planning of the further development historically justified
morphological structure.
The uniqueness of the urban morphological structure is forming under the pressure
of the anthropogenic and natural factors in accordance with historical sequence.
The main purpose of the paper is to study the interrelation of the urban landscape
units forming and the morphological structure of the city of Krasnoyarsk. The study
identified the main morphotypes of city of Krasnoyarsk: historical block of the urban
core, microdistricts of the different periods of constraction (1950-60, 1970-80),
various forms of individual housing construction, modern block. The result of the
study is a multi-layer information model based on open data and geographic
information systems. The understanding of the morphological structure of the city
of Krasnoyarsk throuKugh the morphologic eleсtronic model will help urban
designer to evaluate qualities of the future development.

Keywords
Urban morphology, landscape units, Krasnoyarsk, micro district, big data, urban
landscape

182 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Urban blocks and Architectural Typology in the Milanese context

Carlo Andrea Biraghi, Michele Caja, Sotirios Zaroulas
Politecnico di Milano, ABC Department, Italia
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
The paper concerns the analysis of a large number of urban blocks in the central area
of Milan and in particular those situated on the north-east axis (corso Venezia, corso
Buenos Aires, via Padova). It is about an analysis, which has been developed during
the last semester (course of: Elements of Architectural typology, prof. Michele Caja,
coll: Carlo Biraghi and Sotirios Zaroulas). It started with the redrawing of the lots,
which form each block, and then proceeded to the typological and graphical
classification of the single houses.
The classification that Aldo Rossi reports in his book The architecture of the city
constitutes the basic reference to this analysis. Moreover, some recent experiences
are also considered, such as that one carried out by Steven Holl and published in the
Pamphlet Architecture 5 series, with the title The alphabetical city. So, in addition
to the four types of urban houses that Aldo Rossi suggests – a block of houses
surrounded by open space, a block of houses connected to each other and facing the
street, a deep block of houses, and the houses with closed courts – it is suggested
here some sub-categories of houses, such as the "L", the "H" house, the "T" house,
or the "open court" house, etc.
In addition to a greater knowledge of the city of Milan and its building types, this
operation has been able to contribute significantly to the construction of the
architectural design. In fact, the analysis offers the occasion for a greater familiarity
with the terms of typological-morphological analysis and with the concept of block,
which constitutes the minimum urban portion, and for this reason the basis for a
study on the relationship between the city and its architecture, between the shape of
the city and the building type. Moreover, through the analysis is made use of the
fundamental theoretical notions for an urban analytical study, such as the
relationship between the lot and the built-up area or between the irregular lot and the
building type.

Keywords
City of Milan, urban block, urban house, building classification

2018, Siberian Federal University 183

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Teaching urban morphology

Vítor Oliveira
CITTA Research Centre for Territory Transports and Environment, Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This presentation is based on the book ‘Teaching urban morphology’ recently
published by Springer. The book brings together contributions from some of the
foremost international experts in the field of urban morphology (with a sound
diversity in terms of morphological approach, geographical provenance, disciplinary
background and age / generation) and addresses major questions such as: What
exactly is urban morphology? Why teach it? What contents should be taught in an
urban morphology course? And how can it be taught most effectively? Over the past
few decades there has been a growing awareness of the importance of urban form in
connection with the many dimensions – social, economic, and environmental – of
our lives in cities. As a result, urban morphology – the science of urban form, and
now over a century old – has taken on a key role in the debate on the past, present
and future of cities. And yet it remains unclear how urban morphologists should
convey the main morphological theories, concepts and techniques to our students –
the potential researchers of, and practitioners in, the urban landscapes of tomorrow.
This presentation, as the book ‘Teaching urban morphology’, addresses that gap,
debating how to teach urban morphology.

Keywords
Teaching urban morphology, urban morphology, urban form, different approaches

184 2018, Siberian Federal University

 URBAN MORPHOLOGY,
REGENERATION AND NEWEST URBAN DESIGN
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Expressionist urban renewal interventions:

Avenida del Oeste in Valencia among other valuable cases
Mifsut García, César D.
Departamento de Urbanismo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The last, great urban renewal interventions in a Haussmannian way were developed
along the 20th century deeply related to modern avant-gardes’ architecture. The
success of those urban interventions is largely due to the construction of modern,
iconic buildings recognisable by the public in large. Rationalist expressionist
buildings became the optimal picture of modernity in cities refurbishment. Such
architecture is closely linked to the geometry of the lots generated by the urban new
lines opened on former urban patterns, where most of the parcels cover round corners
as can be found in a series of case studies. In addition, some cases show a sort of
gate to modernity by the construction of twin, modern buildings at both sides of a
new urban street, drawing on round expressionist architecture. That is the case of
Avenida del Oeste in Valencia -old town Westside avenue- from the 1930s, where a
pair of interesting mid-century skyscrapers open the southern end of the avenue to
the city; Similar interventions had been appeared in Spain, such as Gran Vía in
Madrid or Via Laietana in Barcelona. In all the cases, urban transformations
generated perfect corner parcels for expressionist architecture following the models
by Mendelsohn in Berlin (1925), Wroclaw and Stutgart (1928), or Chemnitz (1930).
Urban renewal and expressionist architecture connections can be found all over
Europe, such as in Skippergata extension in Oslo, Boulevard Pasteur in Tangier,
Bulevardul Magheru in Bucharest or –in a smaller scale- Asbóth utca street in
Budapest, among many others. The point is that Modernity architecture reached
town planning lines establishing a complete theoretical corpus in the history of urban
disciplines. Furthermore, as Avenida del Oeste was one of the latest examples to be
implemented, it is also one of the best examples on the matter.

Keywords
Urban morphology, urban renewal, historical center, urban pattern, regeneration,
comparative analysis, expressionist rationalist architecture.

2018, Siberian Federal University 187

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

A smart city – “The triad of development agents”

Akhmedova E. A.1, Vavilonskaya T. V.2
1
The Department of Urban Planning of Samara State Technical University, Russia
2
The Department of Reconstruction and Restoration of Historical and Architectural
Heritage of Samara State Technical University, Russia
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The largest urban agglomerations of the country are entering a period of active
structural and spatial transformations. Samara region is included as a pilot site in the
Federal program called “The Smart city. A successful region” and is actively
preparing proposals for the project financing factory.
The currently formed both theoretical and realizable models of" smart " cities,
integrating the directions of modern urbanization – Informatization,
democratization, clustering, gentrification, digitalization, etc., put forward several
fundamental models of urbanization in the XXI century. One of these models called
"The Triad of Development Agents” is currently being developed in the scientific
community of the Samara region.
The socio-spatial activity basis of the model is a smart university, smart park-plant
and a smart city. The territorial and spatial basis of urban development is CHPZ –
the central historical planning zone of the city of Samara.
Samara State Technical University, its scientific and design potential are looked at
as a" smart” University. The "Smart Park-Plant" is an industrial park of the
University and its partners in the territory of the former plant of valves. The "Smart
city" is administrative and public organizations of urban development, activists of
urban movements.
The structural elements of the three pilot projects in the CHPZ are a smart quarter,
smart street and a smart square, in the urban environment of which about 30
innovative urban "green" technologies are gradually introduced – from the spheres
of public utilities, resource saving, heritage restoration, media technologies,
transport and pedestrian infrastructure and fiscal system of taxation. The choice of
“smart” technologies is ultimately focused on the digital economy of the spheres of
activity in the territory.
The expected result of the pilot projects is a sustainable urban environment focused
on the digital economy, implementation experience with the potential to spread to
urban and regional areas and settlements in the Samara region and the Russian
Federation as a whole.

Keywords
The smart city, urban morphology

188 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Nikolaevskaya Sloboda – the future city-garden in Krasnoyarsk

Tsarev Vladimir I.
Institute of architecture and design Siberian Federal University, Russia
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
In the early XX century the search for new approaches to urban transformation has
led to a proliferation in Russia the idea of «city-garden» of the British futurologist
E. Howard. In 1910-1920 years of the projects of city-gardens were developed for
the practical development of the Siberian cities: Kuznetsk, Barnaul, Omsk, Tomsk,
Shcheglov (Kemerovo), Novo-Nikolaevsk (Novosibirsk). In the XX century and in
the beginning of this century the idea of cities-gardens proved acceptable for many
countries, the authorities which took the new movement in urban planning to
alleviate social contradictions, instilling in form of improvement of populated areas
to the masses of citizens.
In modern urban practice of Krasnoyarsk is a crucial time in the transformation of
the historically established environment, which requires you to pay close attention
to the idea of forming cities-gardens, which arose a hundred years ago. In a
residential area with the historical name Nikolaevskaya Sloboda in the near future
there will be a wide thoroughfare that would, as the experience of the formation
areas of the last decade, the desire of investors for placement in such areas high
density development high-rise buildings.
It is the idea of the city-garden propose to present the Nikolaevskaya Sloboda as a
territory, harmoniously combining modern and historic buildings, the use of which
allows to satisfy the cultural needs of the population of the city and to honor the
traditions of the past centuries, to preserve objects of historical and architectural
heritage. As a result teachers and students of the Department of «urban planning»
IAiD SFU field surveys, analysis of archival documents and relevant project
materials at this site, and study global theoretical and practical experience with a
unique farmstead buildings in the urban environment tasks were identified
renovation and found «adaptive» ways of their solution aimed at the development of
historical and cultural potential of the Nikolaevskaya Sloboda. The interaction of the
principles of the city-garden and the proposed approaches allows to achieve a
significant architectural diversity, maintain important for the history of Krasnoyarsk
cultural landscape, to a more high quality environment in general.

Keywords
Сity-garden, renovation areas, the historic city, the preservation of the cultural
heritage, the Siberian cites, Krasnoyarsk
2018, Siberian Federal University 189
XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Complexity and contradiction of open space by planned unit

development in Taiwan
Chih-Hung Chen, Ting-Jung Chen
Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Since the 1960s, planned unit development (PUD) has been strategical to improve
the zoning system with more flexibility and compatibility. Until the 1990s, PUD
even had widely applied in the cities in Taiwan to encourage the overall planning
for the privately owned public space (POPS) by giving the bulk reward, especially
in large building sites. However, the POPS plans are hence only to become the
“formula” with quantitative indicators of the open space in the complex
consideration of matching the reward criteria and pursuing the maximum
profitability. Shapes, directions or the so-called sense of surrounding and
directionality are ignored in such of cases. This phenomenon is analysed in this study
by observing the layout plan of each building site in Kaohsiung, the second largest
city in Taiwan. By mapping of open spaces in the building sites in the past two years,
the forms of open spaces are mostly correlated with the conditions of building sites,
more precisely the adjacent roads, and there are three types of arrangements. Firstly,
trail-type open space, buildings and free spaces in private or community territory are
arranged from the edge to centre on the single-adjacent-road sites. Secondly, on the
bilateral-adjacent-road sites, there is usually only trail-type open space on both sides
of site edge. Lastly, on the “peninsula-form” site, there are few square-type or free
spaces in private or community territory, and trail-type open spaces surround the
buildings. Moreover, after this formation process, trail-type open spaces are usually
planned in an overlarge size and configuring numerous plants to grab more bonus
bulk, making the spaces discontinuous and negative. The positive spaces, however,
are usually provided as owned territory, leading the result of POPS in contradiction
to its original purpose.

Keywords
Large building site, planned unit development, open space, complexities and
contradictions, urban design

190 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The pocket parks morphology. Case study in the consolidated

periphery of Valencia. (Spain)
Vicente Colomer Sendra, David Urios Mondejar, Juan Colomer Alcácer,
Ana Portalés Mañanós
Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Due to its shape (Philippe Panerai) and its use (Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl), urban pocket
parks are esential for the proper balance of the city. It is necessary to take them into
account in the proces of integral urban regeneration. Their spatial and material
quality, the internal efficiency and comfortability are relevant as well as the
relationship with the rest of the components of the urban structure.
The morpho-typological analysis (Giancarlo Cataldi) allows us to know about the
public spaces historical conformation, the plot system changes and the contruction
character of private soil.
Some operational systems, such as the "patterns of language" (Christopher
Alexander) and other perceptuals (Kevin Linch) allow us to establish a link between
the morpho-typological análisis and the urban project.
On the basis of these principles and their possible operational tools, we present a
methodology of analysis and its application to a sector of the city of Valencia and to
some of the pocket parks existing on it. As a mater of tools we have used the current
cadastral map, which we have superimposed the photogrammetric flights of 2008,
1992, 1973, 1950 and the topographic map of 1929-1944, since the mentioned sector
belongs to the Valencia,s urban expansion of the 20th century second half.

Keywords
Urban pocket parks, integral urban regeneration, morpho-tipological analisis,
urban project, methodology of analisis and application

2018, Siberian Federal University 191

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Research on landscape-oriented urban design: Take QIXIAN new

industry district design in Fengxian, Shanghai as example
Wang Haoyu, Li Zhenyu
College of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
In recent years, low carbon and ecology have gradually become one of the most
important topics in the field of architecture and urban design. Under the background
of new urbanization in China, the status of eco-city theory and landscape design
practice are gradually increasing in urban design. Therefore, as a new type of urban
design, the landscape-oriented urban design has a strong practical significance. This
method requires landscape going first in urban design and the layout of the buildings
around the landscape design comes afterward.
Fengxian District, part of Shanghai, is located in the southeast of the Yangtze River
Delta. Since 1980s, the industry in Fengxian District has been developing rapidly
with the main industry types of food, cardboard boxes, candy, printing, beauty and
so on. This article takes the urban design of QiXian industrial zone as an example,
introducing the application of landscape-oriented urban design method. In this
project, the venue is about 1.2 km long from east to west and 350 m wide from north
to south. The original land function is for industrial usage and it is to be transformed
into a new industrial park where leading health and beauty as the leading industry.
The design concept revolves around the "U-shaped" landscape corridors and creates
a continuous corridor suitable for walking. A multi-story layout of "architecture-
landscape-architecture" is adopted to construct the layout of the buildings around the
landscape design and adopts the form of courtyard.
The paper explores landscape-oriented urban morphology design and provides new
possibilities for landscape eco-city design. This paper is subsidized by NSFC project
which is named as <Research on Technical System of “Downtown Factory”
Community-oriented Regeneration in Yangtze River Delta Region>, NO.51678412.

Keywords
Urban design, landscape-oriented, Fengxian, industry district, Shanghai

192 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Redevelopment of the historically valuable territories of the

Krasnoyarsk City
Unagaeva Natalia A.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The report contains the results of the research of "adaptive" and "conflict-free"
redevelopment methods for the unique single family housing areas, based on a
differentiated assessment of the territory in order to identify potential reserves for
gradual functional transformation in accordance with the changed needs of society,
taking into account the urban morphology and preserving the individuality of the
artistic appearance of the cultural and historical environment.
In the General plan of Krasnoyarsk-2033 the unique single family housing areas -
Nikolaevskaya Sloboda and Pokrovskaya Sloboda (19-20 centuries) were identified
for the area of multi-storey high-density residential development. The mass
demolition of houses having cultural, historical and architectural value has begun.
Krasnoyarsk has lost not only a small-scale settings that emphasized and did not
violate the unique natural landscapes of Afontovo Mountain and Karaulnaya
Mountain, but also a unique historical and cultural environment, the spirit of that
places.
In addition, these territories are valuable city-forming objects of a certain period of
Krasnoyarsk City development, so space planning and composition, scale of
development, relationship between different urban spaces (free, built-up,
landscaped), and relationship between the natural and man-made environment, - all
of them represent a special value.
Of course, traditionally, the development of the surrounding area over time requires
a functional, landscape, social adaptation of historical objects to the new conditions
of their functioning: whether it is with regard to residential development or public
open spaces. Any settlement with the history of development faces these problems.
And the international experience in the historical territories reconstruction has
accumulated many examples of the "adaptive" and "conflict-free" redevelopment
method for the unique single family housing areas, based on the preservation of
valuable historical buildings, preservation of urban morphology and land use
structure. It allows achieving considerable architectural diversity, to maintain the
important cultural landscape for the city history, to get a higher environmental
quality in general.

Keywords
"Adaptive" and "conflict-free" redevelopment, historically valuable territories,
single family housing areas

2018, Siberian Federal University 193

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Urban morphology and spatial optimization strategy of industrial

small town in China under “new urbanization movement” — A case
study of Tangzha
Cheng Ma
Research Institute of architecture，Southeast University, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
China has experienced the largest and most rapid urbanization process for the past
20 years due to the large amount of rural population and booming economy.
Overcrowd mega-cites, polluted environment and "hollowed” villages are the
consequences. The Chinese government introduced a movement called “new
urbanization” to promote green, efficient and people-oriented urbanization strategy.
Small town plays an important role in urbanization as the lubricant and linkage
between cities and villages. Industrial small town is one of the key elements in the
city system. However, many Chinese industrial small towns lack of professional
planning to respond to the industrial and social restructuring. Characteristics in
urban form is the core value of industrial small towns but some of them lost their
characteristics by simply copying big cities. This article used scientific methods like
space syntax, GIS and regression model to analyze the spatial structure and urban
form of the first modern industrial small town in China-Tangzha, find the law of its
spatial development and its connection with other social factors including household
income, government policies and public service . Try to provide optimization
strategies to guide the development of industrial small town under “new
urbanization”.

Keywords
Industrial small town; space syntax; new urbanization; urban morphology
194 2018, Siberian Federal University
 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Urban Design, Connectivity and its Role in Building Spatial

Resilience
Nel Darren1, Bruyns Gerhard1, Higgins Christopher D.2,3
1
School of Design, 2Dept. of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, 3Dept. of
Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
Cities are increasingly being regarded as complex dynamic systems, coupled with
the growing uncertainties for urban areas brought about by factors like global climate
change, sociopolitical instability and limited resources. The necessity for cities to be
adaptive and responsive to these concerns, while chasing the goals of sustainability
has left many urban practitioners in a difficult position. Where they do not have the
tools or conceptual frameworks available which place the factors of change and time
as the central themes in how they plan cities. In response to this, resilience is
becoming a prevailing framework, as the notion of adaptive change across spatial
scales is a core characteristic of resilient urban systems. This has led many cities to
pursue the development of resilient city strategies. Yet, many of these strategies
often disregard the role that urban design plays in building resilience.
To compound matters, resilience is an emergent property of a system. As such, it
cannot be measured directly, it can only be indirectly inferred through a series of
proxies. Connectivity is one of the few proxies related to resilience that is also
commonly associated with urban design and urban regeneration.
As part of a larger study, this paper takes an initial look at connectivity – more
specifically street patterns - as one of the prerequisites for urban resilience. The role
of connectivity in building spatial resilience will be investigated. Additionally, some
of the existing measures of connectivity and how they can be used to gain insights
into the resilience of the urban environment will also be touched upon.
It is hoped that through this discussion that further steps towards linking resilience
with urban form is made, while identifying the specific aspects for improved
reintegration and overall spatial resilience.

Keywords
Urban resilience, proxies, connectivity, urban morphology, urban design

2018, Siberian Federal University 195

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Exploring Self-Generated Block Consolidation to Accommodate

Amenity-Based Functional Interventions
Eman Zied, Alice Vialard, Ruth Conroy Dalton
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
Self-generated informal settlements are the product of incremental, individual
decisions to build upon land which leads to a gradual aggregation of buildings that
form urban blocks (Sioufi, 1981). The resulting block shapes and sizes may be
suitable for meeting an individual’s needs for housing, but may not meet the
community’s needs for amenities that have a larger footprint or required area.
Based on measures tested and developed in the work of Colaninno et al in Barcelona
(Colaninno et al., 2011) and Song and Knaap in Portland (Song and Knaap, 2007);
this study firstly analyses self-generated urban blocks in terms of their shape and
size, and then explores how self-generated blocks can be further consolidated to
improve their resilience and allow for a wider range of community amenities such
as schools, hospitals, etc. This type of informed intervention will improve
community living standards and allow the settlement to develop into a holistic
functional neighbourhood that can easily be incorporated into the wider urban fabric.
The methodology of this study uses two urban morphology measures; square
compactness (Maceachren, 1985; Steadman et al., 2000), which measures the
block’s deviation from a square, and elongation (Angel et al., 2010; Schumm, 1956),
which uses the longest axis of the shape to measure its deviation from a circle. The
area and perimeter of the block will also be considered according to the proposed
intervention. The case studies selected are settlements that are self-generated, rather
than appropriated settlements or settlements that were originally formal.
It is expected that blocks can be consolidated to accept functions which require a
large area, but since the existing blocks often contain housing, a holistic intervention
plan (Levy, 1999) will be presented that consolidates blocks, proposes new
functions, moves housing to a suitable nearby area and reroutes streets to allow
access without disrupting existing functions.

Keywords
Urban morphology, block measures, elongation, square compactness, informal
settlements, Cairo, Egypt, amenities, interventions

196 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Villages renaissance through old church buildings

Anastasiia Sedova1, Balakina Aleftina2, Ciaramella Andrea1
1
Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy;
2
Moocow state (National research) university of civil engineering
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
World spread globalization is a continuously process which necessitate growing of
big cities with prospering metropolises and the process of emptiness small cities and
rural settlements. The problem of the extinction of the Russian countryside is one of
the acute social and economic problems of modern Russia. What is more, according
to The World Bank's data, the tendency of the decrease in the share of the rural
population is also relevant for countries of Europe and the USA. Nowadays, Large-
scale project “Comprehensive revival, reconstruction of small and medium-sized
historical cities” is drafting by the Ministry of Culture of Russia. For 8 years from
2002 to 2010 the number of abandoned villages rocketed from 13 to 19,5 thousand.
Hence, amount of abandoned rural churches also is increasing, currently there are
about 7900 in Russia. The church has always been the spiritual center of the
settlement, without it the traditional life cannot be preserved or revived. The
proposal anticipates that sustainability means modernized vernacular solutions
which corresponds with the need of modern society. Development is by all means
qualitative transformation: displacement obsolete with something else, more
complex, which incorporates all the successful from the former before as said
Glazychev, Russian scholar. Firstly, analyzing worldwide experience of churches
and villages revival, and in particular research from Lund University about rural-
urban interdependencies, the proposal studies traditional life and urban structure of
a village when a church was a focal point of a settlement. Secondly, the paper
answers on the questions: “Could orthodox church be a starting point of the process
of rural and small-cities revival? Which features of vernacular rural structure should
be preserved to provide its prosperity and sustainability?”. Moreover, discusses the
recommendations on a business-oriented approach in re-use of the rural sacred
heritage instead of obsolete budget oriented.

Keywords
Sacred architecture, focal points, villages’ revival, abandoned orthodox churches,
business-oriented approach

2018, Siberian Federal University 197

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Transformation of public spaces influenced by private, public and

government interests
Chui Iana V.
Institute of architecture and design, Siberian Federal University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Public spaces are formed depending on the formation of the processes of social life.
Today, public places of large cities are a special object of renovation, as that is
where private, public and government interests are confronted. The study the method
for interaction of these interests and its influence on the transformation processes of
the morphology of public spaces are of great importance. Comparative analysis the
historiography of the formation of main plaza in the case the Square Revolucia in
Krasnoyarsk (Russia) and Augustusplatz in Leipzig (Germany) shows that there is
a relationship between the morphology of public space and the method for
interaction of private, public and government interests to them. Private-partner and
government relations in the main plaza form the specific public space model. The
dominant government interest minimizes public space in terms of the potential for
social initiative and peoples' participation, resulting in loss of plaza as public space
and its substitution by a square. Private-partnership relations, on the other
hand, form the contemporary models of a universal public space and transform its
physical parameters. Identified types of these relationships can be used in the
reconstruction of public space with the aim of preventing them as important open
public spaces of the modern city.

Keywords
Open public spaces, transformation of public space, private-partnership relations
on public space, morphology of public space

198 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Transition to project financing in housing construction as a new

vector of urban development
Grigorieva Elena M. 1, Petrovskaya Mariya V.1,
Gabdrakhmanov Niyaz K.2
1
RUDN University; 2Kazan federal university, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Currently, most of the urban housing construction is financed by equity holders
through the conclusion of equity participation agreements. This scheme of
construction´s organization does not allow solving such important issues as market
transparency, home buyers risks reduction, and most importantly the quality of
development. Today, a new generation of housing consumers forms the demand for
housing individualization, environmental friendliness, ergonomics and comfort. A
new generation, the so-called Y generation, prefers a reliable "smart space" which
can be not large but isolated. The intersection of these two requests forms the
demand for integrated energy efficiency of modern urban housing. That is a
challenge to the existing system of housing construction and the construction
industry as a whole.
In this context, the organization of urban housing construction in form of project
financing will create proper conditions for the introduction of energy-efficient living
space.
The request for the green certification is now significant and tends to grow. Also,
projects on the housing and communal services digitalization and housing security
systems have been already being implemented. Intelligent housing management is
becoming an integral part of residential complexes.
However, for a large-scale smart systems introduction, for the formation of an
integrated energy-efficient approach in housing construction, a full-fledged
implementation mechanism is needed.
As a result of the study, the strengths and weaknesses of the project financing
mechanism´s implementation in the city housing construction will be revealed, the
potential risks for the project participants will be evaluated, and the quantitative and
qualitative changes in urban housing construction as a result of the transition from
equity participation agreements to project financing will be assessed.

Keywords
Development of urban areas, housing construction, energy efficiency, project
financing

2018, Siberian Federal University 199

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

The influence of urban mobility on morphology of residential areas

Kamalova Klavdiia
Institute of architecture and design SibFU, Russia
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Cities have historically been organized around their streets. Communication has
always been being the base of the city's body. The dynamics development of
technical, social, economic and political spheres led to warp of functional links on
urban territories. These processes are formed urban mobility has been becoming the
most important factor of cities functional. For this reason urban fabric of nowadays
consist of many gaps are destroying the human scale and links of environment.
Residential areas are being under a lot of pressure of urban mobility too.
Significant role in urban mobility have played automobilization of the population.
When the speed of movement in a city has increased living space expanded. Pressure
of communication promote to sprawl holistic of residential territory. For example,
the internal pedestrian organization of the Soviet microdistrict destroyed. Spatial
model of the microdistrict transformed into enlarged block with decreasing in area
for 75 percent. In addition, localization of districts broke down the social ties of the
residents. On the other hand, we can observe another side of urban mobility means
revival various forms of mass transit. The solution provides for ranking of transport
and pedestrian areas, as well as the consolidation of private and public property
zones. The direction is comfortable and livable city.
The article is devoted to analyze of residential areas for changes. Main target of this
scientific research based on comparison of European and Russian examples of
microdistricts to formulate future concept of the livable city. Transformations and
renovation principles are illustrated on living space of Krasnoyarsk.

Keywords
Urban mobility, residential areas, living space, livable city, microdistrict, urban
transformations

200 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The role of eco-city theory and historic fabric on shaped urban

spaces in Iran with emphasis on climatic features
Ayda Kianfar
Institute of Art and Architecture,University of Tarbiat modares, Tehran
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Most of the world’s population now lives in cities. So, eco-city is about re-building
cities based on ecological principles for the long term sustainability, cultural vitality.
It is a human settlement that enables its residents to live a good quality of life in
urban spaces while using minimal natural resources (Register,2006) and weds the
theory and practice of urban design, as a means of adaptation, with the insights of
ecology –the study of the relationships between living organisms and their
environment and the processes that shape both– and other environmental
disciplines, such as climatology, history, art and etc(Spirn,2012). it adds a new
dimension to the understanding and application of the concept of urban spaces
design, based on hypotheses about feedback between culture and climatic processes
that has the greatest impact on the nature of cities and city life because urban design
is the art of relating structures to one another and to their natural setting to serve
contemporary living(Lang,2005).The challenge is to encourage local urban design
within a context of sustainability. It has been widely discussed as to whether or how
they have helped transitioning of cities into more sustainable organisms in the urban
historical fabric through design processes. This paper initially focuses on the
evolution of the concept of the eco-city, and shows how it can be linked to issues
ranging from historic fabric and contemporary design. Therefore, it prepares to
summarize and systematize the insights that have been obtained from ‘eco-city’
based urban design implemented and revealed gaps in eco-city knowledge,
especially in Iran with particular emphasis given Niasar. Then, regarding to the
historic aspect is the most tangible aspect to review other dimensions such as
physical, cultural, functional gathered data through using observations. The findings
suggested that water and vegetation-the most important concepts in culture of
Iranian urban design - are city aspects that impact the specific urban spaces with
especially attention to eco-city and historic fabric theory through the creation of
dynamic organism in Niasar. While integreting both of them is complex in many
ways, but can and should be influenced or guided in more desirable directions
through design activities. Thus, recognizing and extracting the unique features of
the city setting and applying knowledge of urban design, it will be presented some
guidelines to improve the urban spaces and create better place.

Keywords
Eco-city, historic fabric, urban organism, urban design, urban space

2018, Siberian Federal University 201

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Reflexion of the past in the modern development: a Usolye case-

study
Bushmkova Yuliia V., Mezenina Ksenia O.
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected],

Abstract
The article tells about the study of a historic area of the town Usolye, its
transformations and development from the main salt production center in Urals in
the XVIII-XIX centuries to the decayed historic architectural complex at present.
The objectives of the research were to understand the transformations of the area:
factors influencing the development of the locality, the transition from past to
present, the elaboration of identify and classify methods for the architectural
complex.
Multiscale study of Usolye using census instrument adopted the following methods:
general territory study; census database creation; synthesis of the data in a form of
thematic maps; study of the certain layers: ruins study and buildings detailed study.
The methods are based by Guidance on Inventory and Documentation of the Cultural
Heritage and Guidance on Cultural Heritage, Technical Tools for Heritage
Conservation and Management. The obtained results include the census database of
71 buildings and structures, a remote sensing historic analysis map, a study of ruins,
several detailed studies of typologies and thematic maps of Usolye. The integrated
methodology of research, precise digital measurements and perceptive investigation
were used to access the state of the complex nowadays. Gained data is a base for the
further conceptions of the development and preservation of the historic sites of
Usolye and Upper Kama Region.
Census digital database defines the landscaping and environmental aspects, as well
as the diagnostic picture of each element within existing context and on the basis of
its intrinsic characteristics, discovers possible untraditional elements, and as a result,
finds the way to reestablish the correct structure of the place and to define the
conditions for management and future development of the locality. The
documentation and investigation of Usolye using various methods in the framework
of census research activity will help to create a cultural path that tries to reconnect
information from different references and data acquisition methods to rebuild the
image of Prikamye architecture and define the vision for Usolye.
The authors used the architectural methodology according to M. Bini, S. Bertocci
and R. Letellier as the guidelines for the study of Historic Architectural Complex in
Usolye. In addition to archival and cartographic documents, the study uses the work
of Vladimir Kostochkin.

Keywords
Usolye historic architectural complex, census, documentation, remote sensing
analysis, thematic maps, database

202 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

The Relationships Between Urban Morphology and Accessibility to

Waterfront Area: Case study of Ningbo three-river junction area
Qi Yuan1, Feihong Lin2
1
College of architecture and urban planning, Tongji University, China;
2
Ningbo Planning Bureau, China
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
As the birthplace of Hemudu culture, Ningbo was first built at the intersection of Yong
river, Yuyao river and Fenghua river in 821. The three rivers were mostly used as moat
and navigation. After 2000s, with rapidly transforming of transportation mode and
demanding of urban expansion, the defensive function disappeared, the shipping function
gradually weakened and transformed to urban public leisure space. However, in this
process, the waterfront has been lacking of vitality. The weak connections between the two
sides of the rivers have also led to huge vitality differences.
In order to explain what methods and how they were used in response to the transformation,
questions below should be asked: In the historical process of functional transformation, has
urban form of three-river junction area changed? What has changed? Does the original
space organization law play a role? And finally, How the urban form affects the
accessibility of waterfront area?
The purpose of the study is to shed light on the dynamics of the link between urban
morphology and accessibility through a detailed documentation and analysis of its spatial
manifestations reflected in the waterfront land-cover changes over a 30-year period. This
paper focuses on three inter-related areas to answer above questions:
Temporal-spatial evolution: This paper explores how factors such as river structure, street
structure, land use and property, block shape were changing in Ningbo three-river junction
area.
Syntacic analysis of the street network: Through the structural modeling of the street
network, the integration degree, selection degree and connection degree are calculated, and
the accessibility diagram of its obtained at each stage.
Activity data: 55 observation points of waterfront area were randomly selected. Pedestrians
were observed in these areas at six different times on 2 weekdays and Sunday, along with
land use. And an activity map was used to mark the activities in spatial distribution.
Variations in the accessibility of waterfront area exist not only between the different land
use categories but within the particular land uses themselves. Analysis of accessibility in
the context of the research has revealed that the impact of proximity to the commercial
land use on the distribution of walking activities is continuously weakening, while the
integration of streets is becoming more and more important. The results of the
morphological analysis of temporal-spatial evolution can be used for the prediction of their
future development.

Keywords:
Urban morphology, land use, accessibility, waterfront area, space syntax

2018, Siberian Federal University 203

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Ecological corridors morphology inside the urban structure in

forming of city environmental framework
Semina Anastasia E., Maximova Svetlana V.
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Ecological corridors are one of important parts of city’s ecological framework.
Usually, ecological corridor is the valley of small river or ravine that cross the city
and occupy substantial areas. Small rivers and ravines are inappropriate territories
for development; consequently growing city ignores these territories. As a result
ecological corridors became neglected and abandoned.
Historical analysis of city’s plans of Perm discovered that the interaction of the
valleys of small rivers with the surrounding urban areas has historically changed.
There are several periods of these changing: form the city on both banks of small
river, extensive use for gardening, degradation. The urban status of small river’s
valleys also is changing. For the beginning it was the territory on the city’s periphery
(1797), for the nowadays it is the ecological resources inside the city with the
preserved ecosystem which is exposed to strong anthropogenic impact (2017).
The understanding of identity and diversity of the territories adjoined to these
ecological corridors and different options for use could be the possibility for
transformation and changing the situation. In this paper the typology of the territories
forming the ecological corridors, typology of the surrounding and adjacent
buildings, and types of their interaction, are described. All of these are defined
through the natural survey and the urban codes and plans analysis. The
recommendations for each of morphotypes of river valley and ravines which are
located in different options in the urban structure are depending on the different
scales of design, urban situation, and greenery area typology.
The results of the morphological analysis of elementary residential planning units of
the modern city can be used for the prediction of their future development.
Keywords: ecological corridor, landscape morphotype, river valley, ecological
framework, areas interaction, urban structure.

Keywords:
Ecological corridor, landscape morphotype, river valley, ecological framework,
areas interaction, urban structure

204 2018, Siberian Federal University

 Urban Form and Social Context: from traditions to newest demands

Study on the Urban Morphology of the "10 de Agosto" Avenue

Corridor in Quito City – Ecuador
Gustavo Fierro O., Gonzalo Hoyos B.
Faculty of Architecture and Design, Universidad de Las Américas, Ecuador
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Since the 70s, the city of Quito has experienced a vertiginous growth of its urban
area. Currently, its urban area is around 43,000 hectares, five (5) times its size
registered for 1980 (7,800has.). This dizzying urban expansion has resulted in a
diffuse city. Its expansion and dispersion towards the peripheral valleys has left in
the city urban pieces with dominant activities, centralities and micro-centralities,
almost mono-functional spaces for commercial use and office uses that have
considerably diminished the vitality of the city and that resulted in urban
fragmentation as well as economic, social and cultural spatial segregation. This is a
generalized trend in the contemporary Latin American city.
In this context, the neighborhoods located to the east and west of the "10 de Agosto"
avenue -which were the result of the first expansion of Quito (1930-1980)- have
been experiencing an intense process of urban deterioration. It is estimated, as a
result of the construction of the Trolleybus system (1996) and the peripheral bypass
roads to the east and west of the city, that the urban functions of the avenue became
unclear.
The Architecture and Design Faculty of the University of the Americas-Quito, has
developed a recent research -with prospective and prescriptive purposes- that has
allowed to identify the morphological changes experienced in this corridor from its
origin to the present, based on the analysis of the historical information, land use and
buildings using GIS data and their comparison with current urban planning
instruments, such as ordinances and current urban plans.

Keywords
Urban morphology, avenue corridor, 10 de Agosto, morphological changes,
historical neighborhoods, urban sprawl, urban design, urban development, Quito
city

2018, Siberian Federal University 205

XXV ISUF KRASNOYARSK CONFERENCE

Edifice of architectural space developing in extreme conditions of

Mars
Helen Galkina, Natalya Grinkrug
Department Architectural Space Design at Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University,
Russia
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
The essay dwells upon the basic principles of the architectural space developing in
the stress conditions of the Mars. The architectural environment has always played
a significant role in social advancement.
Nowadays the research study of the environment space forming factors and
principles should be corresponded with the needs of a modern man and public at
large. In the meantime, the development of science and technology provides the
feasibility of the architectural environment reorganization in light of the necessary
requirement to human life and activities.
In the making architectural space, it is necessary to take into account the reasons
determined the natural circumstances. Based on these facts, let's take a closer look
at the architectural environment in the extreme habitat conditions. The worst
conditions for human life and activities of the Mars ecosystem have been chosen for
clarity. The architectural space constitution in extreme conditions will allow us to
synthesize and analyze information of the morphology, development and function
of artificial habitat. The classification model based on typological and hierarchical
methods is used.
The general principles are presented in the typological method such as: core
principle and all-pervading principles.
In the article discusses that the core principle is the constant improvement of the
architectural space in the extreme habitat conditions. The all-pervading principles
include: 1) the principle of consumer orientation; 2) the principle of making fair
decisions based on reliable facts; 3) the principle of finalization and monitoring
results. Hierarchical way is divided into external and internal factors. Under external
factors in the edifice creation are thought of as the influence of following aspects
ecology, economics and technology. Internal factors rely on the interaction of the
architectural space with a man and society at large.
The study of the edifice placemaking in the Mars extreme habitat conditions is based
on the strategy of improving architectural spaces not only outside the Earth, but also
on its surface. The authors are convinced that such a grotesque example allows to
study and develop the topic of extreme conditions and present the best results in the
follow-up research.

Keywords
Architectural environment, society, system, space, planet, Mars, principles, extreme
conditions

206 2018, Siberian Federal University

 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

25th ISUF International Conference

Krasnoyarsk 2018. 5-9 July

Urban Form and Social Context:

from traditions to newest demands

Scientific Editors:
Kukina Irina
Fedchenko Irina
Chui Iana

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