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ABSTRACT

The Screenless display is the upcoming technology. This technology is making a

human life more comfortable day by day. Thus the improvement can be effected by
upgrading the existing technology. Today’s touch screen technology which is adopted by
almost all electronic gadgets will become history tomorrow. Screenless display will replace
these touch screen display and will reduce the use of screens. Screenless display solved the
major problem faced by touch screen display technology which needs a lot of space. Screen
less computing systems is being divided mainly into 3 group’s i.e. Visual image, Retinal
display, Synaptic interface. This paper specifies the basic working principle of Screenless
technology, there types, applications, advantages and disadvantages about this technology. It
also introduces the future application of Screenless technology.

KEYWORDS: Visual image, Retinal display, Synaptic interface, Holograms.

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INTRODUCTION

Screen less, as the word suggests clearly means “no screen”. So, Screen less Displays
can be defined as a display which helps to display and even transmitting visual information
from a video source without the use of a screen. Several patents are still working on this new
emerging technology which can change the whole spectacular view of the screen less
displays. Screen less displays have become a new rage of development for the next GEN-
X.Screen less videos describe systems for transmitting visual information from a video
source without the use of the screen.

In this technology user is able to relate with a 3D images projected into the air. Using
this technology image can be display into the open space, directly onto the retina and in the
human brain. This technology can be used anywhere also in open source.

Fig: Screen less display

Screen less computing systems can be divided into three groups: Visual Image,
Retinal Direct, and Synaptic Interface.
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TYPES OF SCREEN LESS DISPLAY

Screenless computing systems can be divided into three groups:
1) Visual image
2) Retinal display or virtual retinal display
3) Synaptic Interface or direct neural interface.

Visual Image
The visual image is a type of screen less display, which recognizes any type of image
or thing with the help of the human eye. The working principle of this display states that the
light gets reflected by the intermediate object before reaching the retina or the eye. The
intermediate object can be a hologram, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)s or even windows.

The following are few examples of the visual image display:

 Holographic display
 Virtual reality goggles
 Heads up display etc

By using the components like Helium Neon Laser, an object, a Lens, a holographic
film and mirror, the Holographic Displays display the three-dimensional (3D) images. A 3D
image will be projected and appears to be floating in the air whenever the laser and object
beams overlaps with each other. This display can supply accurate depth cues and high-quality
images and videos that can be viewed by the human eyes without any need of special
observation devices. Based on the colors of the laser projector, images are formed in three
distinct planes. Holographic displays are commonly used as an alternative to screens.
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Fig: Holographic Display

Debatably, virtual reality goggles (which consist of two small screens but are
nonetheless sufficiently different from traditional computer screens to be considered screen
less).
Heads up display are also named as transparent displays. These displays are applied in
different applications such as aeroplanes, computer games and automobiles, etc. Many of the
users do not need to look away from their field of view because the device displays the
information on a windshield. An ordinary heads up display comprises of following
components: a projector unit, combiner and a computer. The projector unit projects the
image, and the combiner redirects the displayed image by that projected image and the field
of view are seen simultaneously. The screen less computer acts as an interface between the
projector and the combiner (data to be displayed).

Fig: Head up display

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Retinal display

Retinal Display systems are one of the types of screen less displays. In this images are
projected directly onto the retina without an intermediate object. This property of retinal
display makes it highly secure, safe and private. The example of retinal display is Google
Glass which is just like a classical glass.
Instead of using some intermediate object for light reflection to project the images,
this display directly projects the image onto the retina. The user will sense that the display is
moving freely in the space. Retinal display is commonly known as retinal scan display and
retinal projector. This display allows short light emission, coherent light and narrow band
Color. Let us know about this display with the help of the following block diagram.

Figure: Block diagram of Retinal Display

The block diagram of the virtual retinal display consists of following blocks: photon
generation, intensity modulation, beam scanning, optical projection and drive electronics.
Photon generation block generates the coherent beam of light; this photon source makes use
of the laser diodes as coherent source with retina display to give diffraction onto the retina of
the human eye. The light generated from photon source is intensity modulated. The intensity
of the light beam gets modulated to match the intensity of the image.
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Fig: Retinal display

The modulated beam gets scanned by the beam scanning. By using this scanning
block, the image is placed onto the retina. In this beam scanner, two types of scanning modes
take place: raster mode and vector mode. After the scanning process, optical projection takes
place for projecting a spot-like beam onto the retina of the eye. The spot focused on the eye is
sketched as an image. Drive electronics placed on the photon generator and intensity
modulator is used for synchronization of the scanner, modulator and coming video signal.
These displays are made available in the market by using MEMS technology.

Synaptic Interface

Synaptic display is a type of screen-less display that does not display an image in a
free media or onto the retina. In Synaptic interface the images of videos does not require light
at all. It displays images by transmitting the signals directly into the brain through the optic
nerve. As the light is not required it makes use of electrical impulses. This technology was
tested on horse shoe crabs. Through the nerves they passed the samples of video signals from
the horse shoe crab's eyes, and the other video signals were sampled from the electronic
cameras into the brains of the creatures. Synaptic interface allows interaction between human
brain and external device. It is also called as Brain Computer Interface.
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Fig: Synaptic interface

ADVANTAGES
Screenless – No fixed screen or display panel required, allowing content to be
displayed on virtually any surface.

Portable – No fixed installation required, enabling Screenless Display product to be

easily moved or taken on the go. In contrast, traditional big screen televisions are large
and not easily moved or transported.

Scalable – The display image size scales with distance from the display surface,
enabling images ranging from as small as few inches in diagonal to as large as 100 inches
or more in diagonal from the same portable device.

Quick Set Up – No fixed installation or mounting on the wall or placement on a

pedestal required allowing Screenless Display product to just power on and create
stunning display.

Improved Aesthetics – No fixed screen required, allowing display to be only visible

when required and invisible when turned off. Once the display is off, the room aesthetics
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are kept in its natural state without compromise – so there is no display panel to view “all
of the time”.

Small Size – No large display panel required, allowing Screenless Display product to
be small size can be designed to fit in your pocket or carry in your hand.

Smart – Built-in video streaming applications and Wi-Fi, enabling Screenless Display
product to provide all functionalities of a smart display.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Screenless Display is on the way of progress. Technological experts are taking great
efforts in researching the topic day by day, so we all can expect a great revolution in the
field of displays.
Companies are working out to bring more screenless mobiles, TV’s, cameras and
laptops for the coming generation.
Intelligent Glasses that can translate foreign text while reading is a current innovation
product brought out by Japan.
Google is developing a compact video camera which uses this new advancing
technology.

DISADVANTAGES

The principle disadvantage is that virtual retinal display (VRD) is not yet available in
the significant numbers.
The limitation of conventional 3D displays is that the observer has no freedom of
head movement or the freedom to increase information about the 3D objects being
projected.
Prototypes and special experimental models are now being built, but their cost per
unit is high.
They may harm to eyes as these displays required closer interaction.
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CONCLUSION
The paper has elaborately discussed Screenless Displays which is one of the most
emerging computer technologies and has become a new exciting rage for the upcoming
generations as a field of the futuristic technology. Screen less display replace the touch screen
display technology which overcomes the drawback of the touch screen display. Due to the
ability of having several advantages which are involved in the making, designing, coding of
the screenless, this needs plenty of knowledge and process for the development is still under
the improvement. In this paper we see the benefits of the screen less display like portability,
low power requirement and lightweight. A screenless display promises the cost effective
aspect and also brighter future in the computer technology.

REFERENCE
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24002.
3) Screenless Display Technology, Mr. Varun Berry, International Research Based
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4) Screenless Displays – The Emerging Computer Technology, K. Ranganath,
M.Sravanthy, P.Krupali/ International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
5) Screenless display, Snehal Thakur Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
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