IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

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Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE OF
LIQUIDS _ .. CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

( First Revision)

ICS 23 .020.01; 91.080.40

© BIS 2009

BUR E A U 0 FIN D' l AN · S TAN DAR D S

MANAK BHAVAN, "9, BNBADUI< SHAft ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

June 2009 Price Gi'oup 6

,~.ement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 2) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.
This standard was first published in 1965. The present revision has been taken up with a view to keeping abreast
with the rapid development in the field of construction technology and concrete design and also to bring further
modifications in the light of experience gained while applying the earlier version of this standard andthe amendment.
issued. .
The design and construction methods in reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures for the storage
of liquids are influenced by the prevailing construction practices, the physical properties of the materials and the
climatic condition. To lay down uniform requirements of structures for the storage of liquids giving due
consideration to the above mentioned factors, this standard has been published in four parts, the other parts in the
series are:
(Part 1) : 2009 General requirements
(Part 3) : 1967 Prestressed concrete structures
(Part 4) : 1967 Design tables
While the common methods of design and construction have been covered in this standard, for design of structures
of special forms or in unusual circumstances, specialliteratW"e may be referred to or in such cases special systems
of design and construction may be permitted on production of satisfactory evidence regarding their adequacy
and safety by analysis or test or by both.
In this standard it has been assumed that the design ofliquid retaining structures, whether of plain, reinforced or
prestressed concrete is entrusted to a qualified engineer and that the execution of the work is carried out under the
direction of a qualified and experienced supervisor.
All requirements of IS 456 : 2000 'Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth revision)' and
IS 1343: 1980 'Code of practice for prestressed concrete (first revision)" in so far as they apply, shall be deemed
to form part of this standard except where otherwise laid down in this standard. For a good design and construction
of structure, use of dense concrete, adequate concrete cover, good detailing practices, control of cracking, good
quality assur~nce measW"es in line with IS 456 and good construction practices particularly in relation to
construction joints should be ensured.
This revision incorporates a number of important modifications and changes, the most important of them being:
a) Scope has been clarified further by mentioning exclusion of dams, pipes, pipelines, lined structures and
damp-proofing of basements;
b) A new sub-clause on loads has been added under the clause on design;
c) Regarding method of design, it has been specified that one of the two alternative methods of design, that
is, limit state design and working stress design may be used; and .~

d) Provision for crack width calculations due to temperatW"e and moisture and crack width in mature
concrete have been incorporated as Annex A and Annex B, respectively.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex C.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the results of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number of significant places retainedin.the.,
rounded off value sho~J!d be the same as that of the specified! value in this standard.

CJ P ...: ~
 -.
IS 3370 (part 2) :.2009

Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE OF
LIQUIDS - CC)DE OF PRACTICE
PART 2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

r ( First Revision)
1 SCOPE 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 This standard (Part 2)lays down the requirements Design and construction of reinforced concrete liquid
applicable specifically to reinforced concrete structures retaining structures shall comply with the requirements
for the storage of liquids, mainly water. These of IS 3370 (Part 1) and IS 456 unless otherwise laid
requirements are in addition to the general requirements down in this standard.
laid down in IS 3370 (Part 1).
4 DESIGN
1.2 This standard does not cover the requirements for
reinforced and prestressed concrete structures for 4.1 General
storage of hot liquids and liquids of low viscosity and Provisions shall be made for conditions of stresses that
high penetrating power like petrol, diesel oil, etc. This may occur in accordance with principles of mechanics,
standard also does not cover dams, pipes, pipelines, recognized methods Ofdesign and sound engineering
lined structures and damp-proofing of basements. practice. In particular, adequate consideration shall be
Special problems of shrinkage arising in the storage given to the effects of monolithic construction in the
of non-aqueous liquid and the measures necessary assessment of axial force, bending moment and shear.
where chemical attack is possible are also not dealt
with. The recommendations, however, may generally 4.2 Loads
be applicable to the storage at normal temperatures of All structures required to retain liquids should be designed
aqueous liquids a'nd solutions which have no for both the full and empty conditions, and the
detrimental action on concrete and steel or when! assumptions regarding the arrangements ofloading should
sufficient precautions are taken to ensure protection be such as to cause the most critical effects. For load
of concrete and steel from damage due to action of combinations, water load shall be treated as 'dead load'.
such liquids as in the case of sewage.
Liquid loads should allow for the actual density of the
.
2 REFERENCES
.
contained liquid and possible transient conditions, for
example, suspended or deposited silt or grit where
The following standards contain provisions, which appropriate. For ultimate limit state conditions and
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of working stress design, liquid levels should be taken to
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions the maximum level the liquid can rise assuming that the
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to liquid outlets are blocked. For serviceability, limit state
revision and parties to agreements based on this conditions, the liquid level should be taken to the working
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility top liquid level or the overflow level as appropriate to
of applying the most recent editions of the staJ1dards working conditions. Allowance should be made for the
indicated below: effects of any adverse soil pressures on the walls,
IS No. Title according to the compaction andlor surcharge of the soil
and the condition of the structure during construction
456: 2000 Code of practice for plain and
and in service. No relief should be given for beneficial
. reinforced concrete (fourth revision)
soil pressure effects on the walls of containment
1786: 2008 Specification for high strength bars
structures in the full condition. Loading effects due to
and wires for concrete reinforcement
temperature occurs when thermal expansion of a roof
(fourth revision) forces the walls of an empty structure into the
3370 Concrete structures for the storage of surrounding backfill causing passive soil pressure. This
liquids - Code of practice: effect can be reduced by providing a sliding joint between
(Part 1) : 2009 General requirements (first revision) the top of the wall and under side of the roQf which may
(Part 4) : 1967 Design tables be either a temporary free sliding joint that is not cast
 IS 3370 (part 2) : 2009

into a fixed or pinned connection, or a pennanently that in mature concrete shall be calculated as given in
sliding joint of assessed limiting friction. Movement of Annex B.
a roof may occur also where there is substantial variation
4.4.3.1 Crack widths for reinforced concrete members in
in the temperature of the contained liquid. Where a roof
direct tension and flexural tension may be deemed to be
is rigidly connected to a wall this may lead to additional
satisfactory if steel stress under service conditions does
loading in the wall that should be cQnsideredin the
not exceed 115 N/mm 2 for plain bars and 130 N/mm 2
design. Earth covering on reservoir roof may be taken as
for high strength deformed bars.
dead load, but due account should be taken of
construction loads from plant and heaped earth which 4.5 Working Stress Design
may exceed the intended design load.
4.5.1 Basis of Design
The jurictions between various members (between wall
The design of members shali be based on adequate
and floor) intended to be constructed as rigid should
resistance to cracking and adequate strength.
be designed accordingly and effect of continuity should
Calculation of stresses shall be based on the following
be accounted in design and detailing of each member.
assumptions:
4.3 Methods of Design a) At any cross-section plane section remains
One of the two alternative methods of design given plane after bending.
in 4.4 and 4.5 for design of water retaining structures b) , Both steel and concrete are perfectly elastic and
shall be followed: the modular ratio has the value given'in IS 456.
c) In calculation of stresses, for both flexural and
Additional provisions for design of floors, walls and
direct tension (or combination of both)
roofs are given in 5; 6 and 7 respectively. Structural
relating to resistance to cracking, the whole
elements that are not exposed to the liquids or to
section of concrete including the cover
moist conditions shall be designed in accordance
together with the reinforcement can be taken
with IS 456.
into account provided the tensile stress in
4.4 Limit State Design concrete is limited to Table 1.
d) In strength calculations the concrete has no
4.4.1 Limit State Requirements tensile strength.
All relevant limit states shall be considered in the design 4.5.2 Permissible Stresses on Concrete
to ensure an adequate degree of safety and serviceability.
4.5.2.1 Resistance to cracking
4.4.1.1 Limit state of collapse
For calculations relating to the resistance to cracking,
The recommendations given in IS 456 shall be the permissible concrete stresses shall conform to the
followed. values specified in Table I. Although cracks may
4.4.1.2 Limit states of serviceability develop in practice, compliance with assumption given
in 4.5.1(c) ensures that these cracks are not excessive.
a) Deflection - The limits of deflection shall
be as per IS 456. Table 1 Permissible Concrete Stresses in
b) Cracking - The maximum calculated surface Calculations Relating to Resistance
width of cracks for direct tension and flexure to Cracking
or restrained temperature and moisture effects [Clauses 4.5.1(c), 4.5.2.1 and 6.3(b)]
shall not exceed 0.2 mm with specified cover.
SI Grade of Permissible Concrete Stresses,
4.4.1.3 Partial safety faCtors ' No. Concrete N/mm1

The re~ommendations given in IS 456 for partial safety r---------~,----~--~

Direct Tension Tension Due
fact~rs for serviceability shall be followed. to Bending
4.4.2 Basis of Design (I) (2) (3) (4)
i) M25 1.3 1.8
Design and detailing of reinforced concrete shall be as ii) M30 1.5 2.0
specified in Section ,5 of IS 456 except that 37.1.1 of iii) M35 1.6 2,2
IS 456 shall not apply. iv) M40 1.8 2.4
v) M45 2.0 2.6
4.4.3 Crack Widths vi) M50 2.1 2,8
NOTE - The maximum values 'o f shear stress in concrete
,Crack widths due to the temperature and moisture shall be as given in IS 456. '"
effects shall becaiCulated as given in Annex A and

2
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

4.5.2.2 Strength calculation steel shall be equal to the product of modular ratio of
steel and concrete, and the corresponding permissible
In strength calculations, the permissibleconcret(~
tensile stress in concrete.
stresses shall be in accordance with Table 2 and Table 3.
4.5.3.2 Strength calculations
Table 2 Permissible Stresses in Concrete
All values are in N/mm2 • For strength calculations, the permissible, stres,ses in
steel shall conform to the values specified in Table 4.
SI Grade of Permissible Stress in Permissible
No. Concrete Compression Stress in Bond
Table 4 Permissible Stresses in Steel
r r
A
'\
(Average) Cor
Plain Bars in Reinforcement for Strength
Bending Direct Tension " '.""" ,

acbc: aoe Tbd SI Type of Stress in Steel Permissible Stresses, N/mm2

r---------~---------
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) No. Reinforcement
Plain Round High Strength'
i) M25 8.5 6.0 0.9 Mild Steel Bars Defonned Bars
ii) M30 10.0 8.0 1.0
iii) M35 II.5 9.0 l.l (I) (2) .' (3) (4)
iv) M40 13.0 10.0 1.2 i) Tensile stress in members 115 130
v) M45 14.5 11.0 J.3 under direct tension,
vi) M50 16.0 12.0 1.4 bending and shear
NOTES ii) Compressive stress in 125 140
1 The values of pennissible shear stress in concrete are given in columns subjected to
Table 3. direct load
2 The bond stress given in col 5 shall be increased by 25
percent for bars,in compression.
3 In case of defonned bars confonning to IS 1786, the bond! 4.5.4 Stresses Due to Moisture or Temperature Changes
stresses given above may be increased by 60 percent.
No separate calculation is required for stresses due to
moisture or temperature change in the concrete
Table 3 Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete provided that:
(Clause 4.5.2.2, and Table 2)
a) The reinforcement provided is not less than
SI 100 A, Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete T"
Nlmml that specified in 8,
No. bd
Grade of Concrete b) The recommendations of the standard with
.A..
r regard to the provision of movement joints
M25 M30 M35 M40and
Above
"" and for a suitable sliding layer beneath the
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) tank given in IS 3370 (Part 1) are complied
i) ~0.15 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 with,
ii) 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 e) The tank is to be used only for the storage of
iii) 0.50 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
iv) .. 0.75 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 water or aqueous liquids at or near ambient
v) 1.00 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 temperature and the concrete never dries out,
vi) 1.25 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 and
vii) 1.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
viii) 1.75 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 d) Adequate precautions are taken to avoid
ix) 2.00 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
x) 2.25 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
cracking of the concrete during the
xi) 2.50 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 constrUction period and until the tank is put
xii) 2.75 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 into use.
xiii) 3.00 and 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.63
above 4.5.4.1 Shrinkage stresses may, however, be required
NOTE - A, is that area of longitudinal tension reinforcement to be calculated in special cases, when a shrinkage
which continues at least one effective depth beyond the section
being considered except at supports where the full area of
coefficient of 300 x 10-6 may be assumed.
tension reinforcement may be used provided the detailing
conforms to 26.2.2 and 26.2.3 ofiS 456. 4.5.4.2 Where reservoirs are protected with an
internal impermeable lining, consideration should
4.5.3 Permissible Stresses in Steel be given to the possibility of concrete eventually,
drying out. Unless it is established on the basis of
4~5.3.1 Resistance to cracking
tests or experience that the lining has adequate crack
The tensile stress in the steel wiII necessarily be limited bridging properties, allowance for the increased
by the requirement that the permissible tensile stress effect of drying shrinkage should be made in the
in the concrete is not exceeded; so the tensile stress illl design .

3
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

5 FLOORS concrete tanks, the following points should be taken

care of:
5.1 Provisions of Movement Joints
a) In plane walls, the liquid pressure is resisted
Movement joints shall be provided in accordance with by both vertical and horizontal bending
IS 3370 (Part 1). moments. An estimate" of the bending
moments in the vertical and horizontal planes
5.2 Floors of Tanks Resting on Ground
should be made. The horizontal tension
The floors of tanks resting on ground shall be in caused by the direct pull due to water pressure
accordance with IS 3370 (Part I). on end walls should be added to that resulting

5.3 Floors of Tanks Resting on Supports

If the tank is supported on walls or other similar
from horizontal bending moment.
b) On liquid retaining faces, the tensile stresses
due to the combination of direct horizontal
1
supports, the floor slab shall be designed for bending tension and bending action shall satisfy the
moments due to water load and self weight. The worst following condition:
conditions ofloading may not be those given in 22.4.1
of IS 456, since water level extends over all spans in
normal construction except in the case of mul.ti-cell
tanks, these will have to be determined by the designer where
in each particular case.
O"ct' =calculated direct tensile stress in
5.3.1 When the floor is rigidly connected to the walls concrete,
(as is generally the case) the bending moments at the O"ct = permissible direct tensile stress in
junction between the walls and floor ' shall be taken concrete (see Table 1),
into account in the design of floor together with any
direct forces transferred to the floor from the walls or O"cbl' =calculated tensile stress due to
from the floor to the wall due to the suspension of the bending in concrete, and
floor from the wall. (Jcbl = permissible tensile stress due to
bending in concrete (see Table 1).
6 WALLS c) At the vertical edges where the walls of a
6.1 Provision of Joints reservoir are rigidly joined, horizontal
reinforcement and haunch bars should be
6.1.1 Sliding Joints at the Base of the Wall provided to resist the horizontal bending
Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or moments, even if the walls are designed to
contract separately from the floor, Qr to prevent withstand the whole load as vertical beams
moments at the base of the wall owing to fixity to the or cantilever without lateral supports.
floor, sliding joints may be employed. In the case of rectangular or polygonal tanks, the side
6.1.1.1 Constructions affecting the spacing of vertical walls act as two way slabs, whereby the wall is
movement joints are discussed in IS 3370 (Part 1). continued or restrained in the horizontal direction, fixed
While the majority of these joints may be of the partial or hinged at the bottom and hinged or free at the top.
or complete contraction type, sufficient joints of the 1be walls thus act as thin plates subject to triangular
expansion type should be provided to satisfy the loading and with boundary conditions varying between
requirements of IS 3370 (Part I)., full restraint and free edge. The analysis of moment
and forces may be made on the basis of any recognized
6.2 Pressure on Walls method. However, moment coefficients, for boundary
.~
6.2.1 In liquid retaining structures with fixed or floating conditions of wall panels for some common cases are
,covers, the gas pressure developed above liquid surface given in IS 3370 (Part 4) for general guidance. [I
shall be added to the liquid pressure. .1
6.4 Walls of Cylindrical Tanks
6.2.2 When the wall ofliquid retaining structure is built
While designing walls of cylindrical tanks, the
in ground or has earth embanked against it, the effect
following points should be borne in mind:
of earth pressure shall be taken into account as
discussed in IS 3370 (Part 1). a) Walls of cylindrical tanks are either cast
monolithically with the base or are set in
6.3 Walls of Tanks Rectangular or Polygonal in Plan grooves and keyways (movement joints). In
While designing the walls of rectangular or polygonal either case deformation of the wall under the

I
1
 IS 3370 (Part 2) :2009

influence of liquid pressure is restricted at the the rest of the tank or by use of the covering of
base. waterproof membrane or by providing slopes to ensure
b) Unless the extent of fixity at the base is adequate drainage.
established by analysis with due consideration
8 DETAILING
to the dimensions of the base slab, the type of
joint between the wall and slab and the type 8.1 Minimum Reinforcement
of soil supporting the base slab, it is advisable
to assume wall to be fully fixed at the base. 8.1.1 The minimum reinforcement in walls, floors and
roofs in each ·of two directions at right angles, within
Coefficient for ring tension and vertical moments for each surface zone shall not be less than 0.35 percent
different conditions of the walls for some common of the surface zone, cross section as shown in Fig. I
cases are given 10 IS 3370 (Part 4) for general and Fig. 2 for high strength deformed bars and not
guidance. less than 0.64 percent for mild steel reinforcement bars.
The minimum reinforcement can be further reduced
7 ROOFS to 0.24 percent for deformed bars and 0.40 percent for
plain round bars for tanks having any dimension not
7.1 Provision of Movement Joints
more than 15 m. In wall slabs less than 200 mm in
To avoid the possibility of sympathetic cracking, it is thickness, the calculated amount of reinforcement may
important to ensure that movement joints in the roof all be placed in one face. For ground slabs less than
correspond with those in walls if roof and walls are 300 mm thick (see Fig. 2) the calculated reinforcement
monolithic . If, however, provision is made by means should be placed in one face as near as possible to the
of a sliding joint for movement between the roof and uppersurface consistent with the nominal cover. Bar
the wall, correspondence of joints is not important. spacing should g~nerally not exce.ed 300 mm or the
thickness of the section, whichever is less.
7.2 Water· Tightness
8.2 Size of Bars, Distance Between Bars, Laps and
In case of tanks intended for the storage of water for Bends - Size of bars, distance between bars, laps and
drinking purposes, the roof must be made water·tight. bends in bars, and fixing of bars shaH be in accordance
This may be achieved by limiting the stresses as for with IS 456.

o
I.

L_---->.!l
NOTE - For 0 < 500 mm, assume each reinforcement face controls 012 depth of concrete.

For 0 > 500 mm assume each reinforcament face controls 250 mm depth of concrete,
ignoring any central core beyond this surface depth.

FIG. 1 SURFACE ZONES: WAL LS AND SUSPENDED SLABS

5
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

UN-tR
300mm
~~~2
NO BOTTOM
I
_ _ ""'-_________ . . REINFORCEMENT

.- , ~
0/2
o
300mmTO -L
SOOmm
'L 100mm
I
-I
o
OVER
SOOmm

L~~....<.~
FIG . 2 SURFACE ZONES: GROUNDED SLABS

ANNEXA
(Foreword, and Clause 4.4.3)
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO TEMlPERATURE AND MOISTURE
A-I CALCULATION OF MINIMUM REIN- Grade of M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50
FORCEMENT CRACK SPACING AND CRACK concrete
WIDTHS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE Jet' N/mm2 1.15 1.3 1.45 1.6 1.7 1.8
AND MOISTURE EFFECTS IN THIN SECTION j~ = characteristic strength of the reinforcement.
A-I.t The design procedures given in A-I.2 to A-I.3 For ground slabs under 200 mm thick the minimum
are appropriate to long continuous wall or floor slabs reinforcement may be assessed on the basis of
of thin cross section. A-2 considers thick sections. thickness of 100 mm and placed wholly in the top
surface with cover not exceeding 50 mm . The top
A-t.2 Minimum Reinforcement surface zone for ground slab from 200 to 500 mm
To be effective in distributing cracking, the amount of thick may be assessed on half the thickness of the
reinforcement provided needs to be at least as great as
that given by the formula:
slab. For ground slabs over 500 mm thick, consider
them as 'thick' sections with the bottom surface zone
only 100 mm thick.
}.
let ... (1)
Peril =/.; A-1.3 Cracks can be controlled by choosing the
spacing of movement joint and the amount of
where reinforcement. The three main options are summarized
Peri. = critical steel ratio, that is, the minimum ratio, in Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part I).
of steel area to the gross area of the whole
concrete section, required to distribute the A-I.4 Crack Spacing
cracking; When sufficient reinforcement is provided to distribute
let = direct tensile strength of the immature cracking the likely maximum spacing of crack SMax
concrete, which is taken as given below: shall be given by the formula:

6
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

where
S = h, x~ ... (2)
Max fb 2p oc = coefficient of thermal expansion of mature
where concrete, and

h, = ratio of the tensile strength of the concrete

Tl = fall in temperature between the hydration
peak and ambient.
It lfc,) to the average bond strength between
b concrete and steel, The value of Tl depends on the temperature of
S'l = size of each reinforcing bar, and concreting, cement content, thickness of the member
p = steel ratio based on the gross concrete and material for shutters. As guideline, it is
section. recommended to Use Tl = 30°C for concreting in
summer and 20°C for concreting during winter, when
steel shutters are used. For o,ther conditions, the value
For immature concrete, the value of h, may be taken
' . f.. of Tl may be appropriately increased.
as unity for plain round bars and 2/3 for deformed bars ; In addition to the temperature fall T 1, there can be a
The above formula may be expressed for design further fall in temperature, T2 due to seasonal variations.
purposes as: The consequent thermal contractions occur in the mature
concrete for which the factors controlling cracking
h, 2bD behaviour are substantially modified. The ratio of the
nbS'l~ -x-- ... (3)
f.. nsMax
where
tensile strength of concrete to bond strength, ~, is
nb = number of bars in width of section, appreciably lower for mature concrete. In addition, the
b = width of section; restraint along the base of the member tends to be much
more uniform and less susceptible to stress raisers, since
D = overall depth of member, and
a considerable shear resistance can be developed along
SMa.= obtained from WMax ' the entire length of the construction joint.
The width of a fully developed crack due to drying Although precise data are not available for these effects
shrinkage and 'heat of hydration' contraction in lightly- a reasonable estimate may be assumed that the
reinforced restrained walls and slabs may be obtained combined effect of these factors is to reduce the
from: estimated contraction by half. Hence the value of wMax
when taking an additional seasonal temperature fall
... (4)
into account is given by: '
where
e = fees + tie - (100 x lQ-6)] ... (6)
WMax = estimated maximum crack width, When movement joints are provided at not more than
sMa~ = estimated likely maximum crack spacing, 15 m centres, the subsequent temperature fall, T2• need
ees estimated shrinkage strain, and not be considered.
~e = estimated total thermal contraction after A-2 THICK SECTIONS
peak temperature due to heat of hydration.
For 'thick' sections, major causes of cracking are the
For immature concrete the effective coefficient of differences which develop between the surface zones
thermal contraction may be taken as one half of th;e and the core of the section. The thickness of concrete
value for mature concrete (due to the high creep strain which can be considered to be within the 'surface zone'
in immature concrete). is somewhat arbitrary. However, site observations have
For walls exposed to normal climatic conditions thle indicated that the zone thicknesses for D > 500 mm in
shrinkage strain less the associated creep strain is Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are appropriate for thick sections,
generally .less than the ultimate concrete tensile 'strain and the procedure for calculating thermal crack control
of about 100 x 10-6 unless high shrinkage 'aggregates reinforcement in thick sections is same as that forthi'n
are used. Hence the value of WMax for cooling to sections.
ambient from the peak hydration temperature may be The maximum temperature rise due to heat of hydration
assumed to be: ' to be considered should be th~ average value for the entire
width of section. The temperature rise to be considered
. ... (5) for the core should be at least I O°C:; ~igher ~an the value
which would be assumed for the entire seCtion. '

7
IS 3370 (Part ~) : 2009

ANNEXB
(Foreword, and Clause 4.4.3)
. CRACK WIDTHS IN MATURE CONCRETE
B-1 ASSESSMENt OF CRACK WIDTHS IN
b, (D-x)(a'-x)
FLEXURE ... (8)
6
2
= 3E,A.(d-x)
Provided that the strain ih the tension reinforcement is
limited toO.8f/Es and the stress in the concrete. is For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm :
limited to 0.45 feu' the design surface crack width
should not exceed the appropriate value given in 4.4.1.2 1.5b, (D-x)(a'-:-x)
.. . (9)
and may be calculated from equation (7) : ~= 3E,A.(d-x)
where
... (7) strain at the level considered,
E, =
~ strain due to the stiffening effect of concrete
where between cracks,
b, width of section at the centroid of the tension
w = design surface crack width,
steel,
acr = distance from the point considered to the
surface of the nearest longitudinal bar, D = overall depth of the member,
6m = average strain at the level where the cracking x depth of the neutral axis,
is being considered ~ To be calculated in Es = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement,
accordance with B~2,
As = area of tension reinforcement,
CMin =minirrium cover to the tension steel,
d = effective depth, and
D = overall depth of the members, and
a' = distance from the compression face to the
x = depth of neutral axis. point at which the crack width is being
calculated.
B-2 AVERAGE STRAIN IN FLEXURE
The average strain at the level where cracking is being B-4 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN
considered, is assessed by calculating the apparent DIRECT TENSION
strain using characteristic loads and normal elastic Provided that the strai~ in the reinforcement is limited
theory . Where flexure is predominant but some tension to 0.8 f/Es' the design crack width should not exceed
exists at the section, the depth of the neutral axis should t!he appropriate value given in 8 of IS 3370 (Part I)
be adjusted. The calculated apparent strain, 61 is then and may be calculated from equation (10):
adjusted to lake into account the stiffening effect of
the concrete between cracks 62 , The value of the ... (10)
stiffening effect may be assessed from B-3, and where 6m is assessed in accordance with B-S.
6m=61-~
8-5 AVERAGE STRAIN IN DIRECT TENSION
where
The average strain is assessed by calculating the
6m = average strain at the level where cracking is
apparent strain using characteristic loads and normal
being considered,
elastic theory. The calculated apparent strain is then
61 = strain at the level considered, and adjusted to take into account the stiffening effect of
~ strain due to stiffening effect of concrete the concrete between cracks. The value of the stiffening
between cracks. effect may be assessed from B-6.

B-3 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN B~6STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN

FLEXURE DIRECT TENSION
The stiffening effect of the concrete may be assessed The stiffening effect of the concrete may be assessed
by deducting from the apparent strain a value obtained by deducting from the apparent strain a value obtained
from equations (8) or (9). from equation (11) or (12).
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm: For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm:

8
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

2b,D h, ;;; width of the section at the centroid of the

... (11)
~ ;;; 3E.A. tension steel,
D ;;; overall depth of the member,
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm: Es ;;; modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, and
As area of tension reinforcement.
b,D
... (12)
~;;; EsA. The stiffening effect factors should not be interpolated
or extrapolated and apply only for the crack widths
~ ;;; strain due to stiffening effect, stated. .

ANNEXC
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2

Organization Representative(s)
Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation SHRI JOSE KURIAN (Chairman)
Ltd, New Delhi
ACC Ltd, Mumbai SHRI NAVEEN CHADHA
SHRI P. SRINIVASAN (Alternate)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai DR PRABIR C. BASU
SHRI L. R. BISHNOI (Alternate)
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council, SHRI J. K. PRASAD
New Delhi SHRI C. N. JHA (Alternale)
Cement Corporation of India Limited, New Delhi SHRI R. R. DESHPANDE
SHRI M. K. AGARWAL (Alternate)
Cement Manufacturers' Association, Noida SHRI E. N. MURTHY
DR S. P. GHOSH (Allernate)
Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi MEMBER SECRETARY
DIRECfOR (CIVIL) (Alternate)
Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee DR B. K. RAO
DR S. K. AGARWAL (Alternate)
Central Put>lic Works Department, New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER (DESIGN)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (S&S) (Alternate)
Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi DR RAM KUMAR
SHRI SATANDER KUMAR (Alternate)
Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI MURARI RATNAM
SHRI N. CHANDRASEKHRAN (Alternate)
Central Water Commission, New Delhi DIRECTOR (CMDD) (N&W)
DEPUTY DIRECfOR (CMDD) (NW&S) (Allernate)
Conmat Technologies Pvt Ltd, Kolkata DR A. K. CHATTERJEE
Construction Industry Development Council, New Delhi SHRI P. R. SWARUP
SHRI RAVI JAIN (Aller:nate)
Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi SHRI A. P. SINGH
SHRI B. B. AIRY (Alternate)
Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI P. K. LAHIRI
SHRI A. K. M. KASHYAP (Aile mate)
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SHRI ARVIND KUMAR
SHRI A. K. MISHRA (Alternale)
Fly Ash Unit, Department of Science & Technology, DR VIMAL KUMAR
Ministry of Science & Technology, New Delhi SHRI MURESH MATHUR (Alternate)

9
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

Organizaiion Representafive(s)
Gammon India Limited, Mumbai SHRI S. A. REDDI
SHRI V. N. HEGGADE (Alternate)
Grasim Industrie3 Limited, Mumbai SHRI A. K. JAIN
SHRI M. C, AGRAWAL (Alfernate)
Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited, Ahmedabad SHRI C. M. DORDI
SHRI B. K. JAGl!TIA (Alternate)
Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited, CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR
New Delhi SHRI V. ARUL KUMAR (Alternate)
Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur SHRI S. S. DAs
SHRI MEllRUL HASAN (Alternate)
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai SHRI L. N. APTE
SHRI D. SRINiVASAN (Alternate)
Indian Institute of TechDology, .Rootkee PROF V . K . GUPTA
DR BHUPINDER SINGH (Alternale-)
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi SECRl!TARY GENERAL
DIRECIDR (Alternate)
Institute for Research, Development & Training of DR N. RAGHAVENDRA
Construction Trade, Bangalore
Institute for Solid Waste Research & Ecological Balance, DR N. Bf!ANUMATHIDAS
Visakhapatnam SHRI N. KALIDAS (Alternate)
Madras Cements Ltd, Chennai SHRI V. JAGANATHAN
SHRI BALAJI K. MOORTHY (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, SHRI J. B. SHARMA
Army Headquarters, New Delhi SHRI YOGESH SINGHAL (Alternate)
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi SHRI A. N. DHoDAPMR
SHRI S. K. PuRl (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, SHRI R. C. WASON
Ballabgarh DR M. M. ALI (Alternate)
Nationitl Test House, Kolk:ita SHRI B. R. MEENA
SHRIMATI S. A. KAUSHIL (Alternate)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd, Mumbai SHRI U. S. P. VERMA
SHRI ARVIND SHRIVATAVA (Alternate)
OCL India Limited, New Delhi DR S. C. AHLUWALIA

Public Works Department, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai REPRESENTATIVE

Public Wor. Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGN)
. EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (Alternate)
Research, Design & Standards Organization (Ministry of Railways), SHRI R. M. SHARMA
Lucknow SHRI V. K. Y ADAVA (Alternate)
Sanghi Industries Limited, Sanghi Nagar, Ranga Reddy District SHRI D. B. N. RAO
DR H. K. PATNAIK (Alternate)
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited, Dist Narmada CHIEF ENGINEER (NAVGAM DAM)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (Alternate)
Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI A. CHELLAPPAN
SHRI J. PRABHAKAR (Alternate)
The India Cements Limited, Chennai SHRI S. GOPINATH
SHRI R. ARUNACHALAM (Alternate)
The Indian Hume Pipe Company . Limited, Mumbai SHRI P. D. KELKAR
SHRI S. J. SHAH (Alternate)
The Institution of Engineers (India), Kolkata DR H. C. VISVESVAilAYA
SHRl BALBIR SINGH (Alternate)
Ultra Tech Cement Ltd, Mumbai SHRI SUBRATO CHOWDHURY
SHRI BISWAJIT DHAR (AltulIQ.te)

10

,
 lS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009
Organization Representative(s) .
Voluntary Organization in Interest of Consumer Education, SHR! HEMANT KUMAR
New Delhi
BIS Directorate General SHR! A. K. SA!N!,. Scientist 'F' & Head (Civ Engg)
[Representing Director General (ex-officio)]

Member Secretaries
SHR! SANJAY PANT
Scientist 'E' & Director (Civ Engg), BIS
SHR! S. ARUN KUMAR
Scie~tist 'B' (Civ Engg), BIS

Concrete Subcommittee, CED 2 : 2

Delhi Tourism & Transportation Development Corporation SHR! JOSE KUR!AN (Convener)
Ltd, New Delhi
ACC Ltd, Mumbai SHRI AN!L BANCHHOR
SHR! P. BANDOfADH'iAY (Altemate)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai DR PRAB!R C. BASU
SHRI L. R. B!sHNor (Altemate)
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council, SHR! J. K. PRASAD
New Delhi SHR! PANKAl GUPTA (Alternate)
Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee DR B. K. RAO
DR S. K. AGARWAL (Altemate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPER!NTENDING ENGINEER (DES!GN)
ExEClITlVE ENGINEER (DESIGN) (Alternate)
Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi DR RENU MATHUR
SHRI SATANDER KUMAR (Altemate)
Central Soil & Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI MIlRARI RATNAM
SHR! N. CHANDRASEKHARAN (Alternate)
Centra! Water Commission, New Delhi DIRECTOR (C&MDD)
DEPUTY DIRECfOR (C&MDD) (Alternate)
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SHRI ARVIND KUMAR
SHRt T. BALRA! (Altemate)
Fly Ash Unit, Department of Science and Tcchnology, DR VIMAL KUMAR
Ministry of Science & Technology, New Delhi SHRI MUKESH MATHUR (Altemate)
Gammoll India Limited, Mumbai SHRi S. A. REDD!
DR N. K: NAYAK (Alternate)
Grasim Industries Ltd, Mumbai SHR! A. K. JAIN
SHRI M. C. AGRAwAL (Alternate)
Gujarat Ambuja Cement Limited, Ahmedabad SHR! C. M. DoRDI
SHR! B. K. JAGETIA (Alternate)
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai PROF M. S. SHETTY
SHRI L. N. APTE (Alternate) ·
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DR B. BHATTACHARJEE

Indian Institute of Technology. Kanpur DR SUDHIR MISHRA

Indian Institute of Technology. Roorkee DR ASHOK KUMAR JAIN

Larsen and Toubro Limited, Chennai DR B. SIVARAMA SARMA

SHRI KINGSLEYJ,·.D. ERNESr (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services. Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch. BRIG R. K. GUPTA
Army Headquarters. New Delhi COL V. K: BADOLA (Alternate)

, :-:'

11
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

Organization Representative(s)
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi SHRI T. B. BANERJEE
SHRI ICAMLESH KUMAR (Alternate)
National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited, SHRI L. P. SINGH
New Delhi
SHRI DARSHAN SINGH (Alternate)
National Council for Cement & Building Materials, SHRI R. C. WASON
Ballabgarh
SHRI H. K. JULKA (Alternate)
National Institute of Technology, Warangal DR C. B. ICAMESWARA RAO
DR D. RAMA SESHU (Alternate)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai SHRI U. S; P. VERMA
SHRI ARVIND SHRIVATAVA (Alternate)
PidiIite Industries Limited, Mumbai SHRI P. L. PATRY
SHRI K. PADMAKAR (Alternate)
Ready Mixed Concrete Manufacturers' Association, Bangalore SHRI VUAYKUMAR R. KULKARNI
Research, Design & Standards Organization (Ministry of Railways), JOINT DIRECfOR STANDARDS (B&S)/CB-I
Lucknow
JOINT DIRECfOR STANDARDS (B&S)/CB-II (Alternate)
Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI T. S. KRISHNAMOORTHY
SHRI K. BALASUBRAMANIAN (Alternate)
Tandon Consultants Private Limited, New Delhi SHRI MAHESH TANDON
SHRI VINAY GUPTA (Alternate)
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai SHRI J. P. HARAN
SHRI S. M. PALEKAR (Alternate)
Torsteel Research Foundation in India, New Delhi DR P. C. CHOWDHURY
DR C. S. VISHWANIITHA (Alternate)
In personal capacity (35, Park Avenue, Annamma, DR C. RAJKUI.fIlR
Naicker Street, Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore)
In personal capacity (36, Old Sneh Nagar; Wardha Road, SHRI LALIT KUMAR JAIN
Nagpur)

Panel for Revision of IS 3370 (Parts land 2), CED 2 : 2IPl

National Council for Cement and Building Material, DR ANIL KUMAR (Convener before 18 October 2006)
Ballabgarh
In personal capacity (36, Old Sneh Nagar; Wardha Road, SHRI LALIT KUMAR JAIN (Convener since 18 October 2006)
Nagpur)
Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi · DIRECfOR
• SHRI SATANDER KUMAR (Alternate)
Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation SHRI JOSE KURIAN
Ltd, New Delhi
Gammon India Ltd, Mumbai SHRI S. A. REDDI
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DR S. N. SINHA

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee DR ASHOK K. JAIN

Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, SHRI J. B. SHARMA

Army Headquarters, New Delhi SHRI YOGESH K. SINGHAL (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Material, SHRI H. K. JULKA
Ballabgarh
SHRI R. C. WASON (Alternate)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi DR V. THIRUVENGADAM

Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI T. S. KRISHNAMOORTHY

SHRI K. BALASUBRAMANIAN (Alternate)
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai SHRI S. M. PALEKAR
SHRI S. KRISHNA (Alternate)
In personal capacity (K-U2, Kavi Nagar; Ghaziabad) DR A. K. MITTAL

12
GMGIPN-140 B'S/ND/~300