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Complete Notes for Class-XII According to New Syllabus - 2018
Strong Roots -APJ Abdul Kalam

Short Answer Type (Mark 1)

12. What is the name of the space Centre established
01. What is the full name of APJ Abdul Kalam? by Kalam?
Ans: The full name of Abdul Kalam is Avul Pakir Ans: Abdul Kalam established the Vikram Sarbhai Space
Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. Centre when he was working with ISRO.
2. Why was Rameswaram famous to pilgrims? 13. What is ‘Strong Roots’ all about?
Ans: Rameswaram was famous to pilgrims for the Shiva Ans: The extract ‘Strong Roots’ is all about the beginning
temple. of Abdul Kalam’s life.
3. What was Kalam’s own world concerned with? 14. What type of family Kalam was born into?
Ans: Kalam’s own world was concerned with science and Ans: Abdul Kalam was born into a middle-class Tamil
technology. family.
4. One of the forebears of Kalam’s mother was awarded 15. How was Kalam’s father?
by the British the title of ____ Ans: Kalam’s father was neither much educated nor
Ans: Bahadur. much wealthy but he had great innate wisdom and a true
5. What type of text is ‘Strong Roots’? generosity of spirit.
Ans: Dr. Kalam’s ‘Strong roots’ is an autobiography. 17. Who was ideal helpmate of Kalam’s father?
6. What is the source of ‘Strong Roots’? Ans: Ashiamma, Kalam’s mother was his father’s ideal
Or, What is the name of the book from which the helpmate.
extract ‘Strong Roots’ has been taken? 18. What were Abdul Kalam’s parents regarded as?
Ans: The extract ‘Strong Roots’ has been taken from Ans: Abdul Kalam’s parents were regarded as an ideal
Kalam’s autobiography ‘Wings of Fire’. couple.
7. Where was APJ Abdul Kalam born? 19. Who had a more distinguished lineage among his
Ans: APJ Abdul Kalam was born at island town parents?
Rameswaram in Tamilnadu. Ans: Kalam’s mother had a more distinguished lineage
8. Who were Kalam’s parents? among his parents.
Ans: Jainulabdeen was Kalam’s father and Ashiamma 20. Where was Kalam’s ancestral house located?
was his mother. Ans: Abdul Kalam’s ancestral house was located on the
9. Where did Kalam study Physics? mosque street in Rameswaram.
Ans: Kalam studied Physics at St. Joseph’s College, 21. What type of childhood did Abdul Kalam
Tiruchirappalli. experience?
10. Where did Dr. Kalam study aerospace engineering? Ans: Abdul Kalam experienced a materially and
Ans: Dr. Kalam studied aerospace engineering at Madras emotionally secure life.
Institute of technology. 22. What was the regular menu of Kalam’s meal?
11. Where did Kalam begin his career? Ans: The regular menu of Kalam’s meal was rice, sambar,
Ans: Kalam began his career at Hindustan Aeronautics pickle and coconut chutney.
limited. 23. Why did people of different religions wait for
Kalam’s father outside the old mosque?

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Ans: People of different religions waited for Kalam’s Descriptive Type (Marks 6)
father outside the old mosque to get the water touched
by him. They took the water to home for invalids. 1. “Why don’t you say this to the people who come to
24. Why people thanked Kalam’s’ father? you for help and advice?” - Who says this and to
Ans: People thanked Kalam’s father for being cured. whom? What is referred to by the word ‘this’? Why do
25. With whom did Kalam eat? the people come to the person spoken to? [HS 2015]
Ans: Normally Abdul Kalam ate with his mother. Ans: The writer of the extract ‘Strong Roots’, Dr. APJ
26. How was the locality where Kalam lived? Abdul Kalam asks this to his father, Jainulabdeen.
Ans: Abdul Kalam’s locality was Muslim dominated, Here the word ‘this’ referred to Kalam’s father’s
though a lot of Hindu families also lived there friendly. spiritual concept of man’s existence on earth. Kalam’s
27. Who was the high priest of Rameswaram temple? father told him that every human being is a specific
Ans: Pakshi Lakshamana Sastry was the high priest of element within the whole of the manifest divine Being.
Rameswaram temple. So we should not afraid of difficulties, sufferings and
28. What kind of matters did Kalam’s father and Pakshi problems. We should try to understand the relevance of
Lakshamana Sastry discuss? our sufferings.
Ans: Kalam’s father and Pakshi Lakshamana Sastry People come to Kalam’s father for help and
discussed spiritual matters. advice when they were in trouble. People who come to
29. What did Kalam’s father teach him? him in distress, he is the mediator in their effort to
Ans: Kalam’s father taught him the fundamental Truths propitiate demonic forces with prayers and offerings.
and values of life. 2. Give a brief account of Kalam’s childhood as
30. How would Kalam’s father start his day? presented in ‘Strong Roots’.
Ans: Kalam’s father would start his day at $ am by Or, Why does Abdul Kalam feel that he had a secure
reading namaz. childhood.
31. What was Kalam’s childhood belief about prayers? Ans: APJ Abdul Kalam was born and brought up in a
Ans: In childhood Kalam believed that the prayers middle class Tamil family. His father was neither much
reached God. educated nor much rich. But he had a great wisdom by
32. What type of life did Kalam’s father lead? birth and true generosity of spirits. Kalam’s mother
Ans: Kalam’s father lived a very simple life avoiding all Ashiamma was a true helpmate to his father. His parents
types of comforts and luxuries. were regarded as an ideal couple. He was a short boy
33. Where did Kalam’s father go for evening prayers? with undistinguished look but his parents were tall and
Ans: Kalam’s father went to the old mosque in their handsome. Kalam was given everything he needed. All
locality for evening prayers. necessities in terms of food, medicine and clothing were
34. How was the house of APJ Abdul Kalam? provided for Kalam in his childhood. He was brought up
Ans: Abdul Kalam’s house was a large pucca house, made in happiness. He had no material or emotional want. So
of limestone and brick. Kalam claims that he had a secure childhood.
35. “I was born into a middle-class Tamil family…” – 3. “Our locality was predominantly Muslim” – Who is
Who is the speaker here? the speaker. How does the speaker describe the
Ans: APJ Abdul Kalam is the speaker here. locality? What picture of communal harmony do you
36. What power, according to Abdul Kalam, shapes our find in this description? [HS 2017]
life? Ans: The writer of the extract ‘Strong roots’, APJ Abdul
Ans: According to Abdul Kalam, there exists a divine Kalam is the speaker.
power that shapes our life. Abdul Kalam has given a description of his
37. What was the dissimilarity between Kalam and his locality. He was born in the island town, Rameswaram. It
Parents? was then a part of Madras State under the British rule.
Ans: Abdul Kalam was a short boy with undistinguished He lived in his ancestral house in Mosque Street.
look while his parents were tall and handsome. Rameswaram was very famous to pilgrim for the Shiva
38. “Then he answered in a low, deep voice…” – What temple which was near his house. In the locality there
was the impact of the answer upon the writer? was an old mosque where Kalam’s father took him for
Ans: The answer given by his father filled the writer, APJ prayers. The locality was predominantly Muslim but a lot
Abdul Kalam with a strange energy and enthusiasm. of Hindu families lived there too.
Abdul Kalam has presented a picture of
communal harmony in his locality. The locality was
dominated by Muslims but there were a great number
of Hindu families. People of both the religions lived there
with harmony and peace. There was a famous Shiva
temple and a Mosque too. The high priest of Shiva

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*What does Kalam say about his emulation of his

Temple, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry was a great friend of father? [HS 2016]
Kalam’s father. People of different religions came to Ans: In his autographical writing ‘Strong Roots’, Dr.
Kalam’s father for help and advice. Kalam has expressed his great admiration for his father,
4. What did Kalam’s father tell him about the relevance Jainulabdeen. He has described his father’s daily life. He
of prayers? recollects that his father would start his day at 4 am by
Or, What was Kalam’s father’s response to his son’s reading namaz before dawn. Thereafter he would go to
query about prayers and spirituality? their small grove of coconut trees by walking about four
Ans: When Kalam was a child, he had seen the people miles. He would return with a dozen of coconuts tied
chanting prayers at the old mosque. He could not make together and thrown over his shoulder. He would then
out the meaning of the prayers in Arabic language, but have his breakfast. Kalam’s father was so disciplined that
he was convinced that those prayers reached God. When he maintained this routine even in his late sixties.
he was old enough to asked questions, he asked his * Dr. Kalam says that he has, throughout his life,
father about the relevance of the prayers. Kalam’s father tried to emulate his father in his own world of science
told him that there was nothing mysterious about the and technology. He has tried his best to understand the
prayers. He told him that the prayers made possible a fundamental truths revealed to him by his father. He
communion of spirits between people. He also said that feels convinced that there exists a divine power that can
when a man prays, he goes beyond his body and guide a person to his true place.
becomes a part of the cosmos. The cosmos knows no 8. How did Dr. Kalam’s father’s spirituality influence
division of age, wealth, cast or creed. him?
5. “I was born into a middle-class Tamil family…..” – Ans: Dr. Kalam has mentioned in his autobiographical
Who is referred to here as ‘I’? When and where was he essay ‘Strong Roots’ that his father was a spiritual
born? Describe what he recollects about his ancestral person. His father revealed to his certain fundamental
home and childhood? truths of life, the relevance of prayers, existence of
Ans: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is referred to here as ‘I’. divine Being and man’s position in the universe. Kalam
Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 in a middle class was much impressed by the spiritualism of his father.
Tamil family in the town of Rameswaram. Kalam has tried to emulate his father in his own world of
Abdul Kalam lived in his ancestral house which science and technology. He believes that there exists a
was made in the middle of 19th century. It was a large supreme power that can lift a man up from confusion,
pucca house made of limestone and bricks, on the misery, melancholy and failure.
Mosque Street in Rameswaram. His father avoided all 9. What was Kalam’s father’s attitude towards
unnecessary comforts and luxuries. His mother was an adversity? How did it influence young Kalam?
ideal helpmate of his father. His parents were regarded Ans: Dr. Kalam’s father expressed his attitude toward
as the most ideal couple. Kalam normally ate with his adversity to his young son. He conveyed complex
mother in the kitchen. He feels that his childhood was spiritual matters in simple Tamil language. He told Kalam
secure emotionally and materially. that every human being is a specific element of manifest
6. What were the fundamental truths that Abdul Kalam divine Being. So a man should not afraid of difficulties,
learnt from his father’s preaching? sufferings and problems. When trouble comes in life a
Ans: Abdul Kalam’s father revealed many fundamental man should try to understand the relevance of his
truths regarding the relevance of prayers and sufferings. When adversity comes in life, it gives an
spirituality. He told him that prayers made possible a opportunity for self-analysis.
communion of spirits between people. Prayers enables Abdul Kalam was very much impressed by the
a man to transcend his body and become a part of the preaching of his father. His always tried to emulate his
cosmos. Kalam’s father also told him that very human father. He believed in the existence of divine Being. Even
being is a specific part of the manifest divine Being. in his own world of science and technology he believed
Abdul Kalam was much convinced by his father’s that there existed a supreme power.
preaching. He believed that there existed a divine power 10. How does Abdul Kalam remember his mother in
that could lift a man up from confusion, misery, ‘Strong Roots’?
melancholy and failure. If a man avoids his physical and Ans: In ‘Strong Roots’, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam has
emotional bond, he would be on the path of freedom, expressed his great admiration for his parents. His
happiness and peace of mind. mother Ashiamma was a perfect helpmate of his father.
7. How does Dr. Kalam recount his father’s daily His mother belonged to a distinguished family. One of
routine? Or, What had remained the routine for Abdul her ancestors had been given the title of ‘Bahadur’ by
Kalam’s father even when he was in his late sixties? the British. She was very kind and affectionate by nature.
Everyday she would feed many outsiders. In his

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childhood, Kalam had a strong attachment with his

mother. He used to eat with his mother, sitting on the
floor of the kitchen. Dr. Kalam has very nice memories of
his mother.
11. How, according to Kalam’s father, do human being
react to trouble and impasse?
Ans: In ‘Strong Roots’, Dr. Kalam has mentioned that his
father was a close observer of human life and situations.
He observed that whenever human beings are in
trouble, they look someone to help them. Whenever
they reach an impasse, they look to someone to show
them the way out. Every recurrent anguish, longing and
desire finds its own special helper. Everyone wants to
lead a happy and comfortable life. But in life, troubles
come and destroy the happiness. In such situations, only
a guide can help them out to overcome the troubles.

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