SYNOPSIS PROFORMA
Multan College of Physiotherapy
A project of:
Multan Medical and Dental College
SYNOPSIS PROFORMA
Title of Research Project:
Synopsis submitted for: Discipline:
DPT
Name of the Applicant: Date of Birth.
Nationality: NIC #:
UHS Registration Number:
Phone #: Email:
Address:
Name of Academic Supervisor Signature: Date:
Name of Principal/Dean Signature: Date:
Convener, Ethical Review Committee Signature: Date:
(Note. Please enclose details of ethical considerations and a
certificate that all the ethical obligations have been duly
addressed.)
Signature: Date:
Approved Not
Approved
DR. SAJID RASHID
Project Summary: (maximum 500 words):
Should have short statement of problem
Indicate research hypothesis/question
Describe “Aims & Objectives”
Give rationale for proposed study
Describe research design
Methodology of data analysis
Anticipated results and their significance
Limitation of the proposed study
Introduction/Literature Review: (Not to exceed 3-4 pages, should
consist of three sections;
the first section should include the scientific hypothesis; 2 nd
section should
introduce the precise nature of the project; the last section
should describe
quantifiable goals/objectives in the light of first two sections.
References should be
given in Vancouver style preferably from last five years. A few
older references
can be given only for historical purpose)
Introduction should establish the basis of the research, in
three parts.
1. Presentation of problem. State the research problems. First
discuss
general issues and then outline more specific problems.
2. Give short summary of current state of knowledge, gaps or
controversy in existing knowledge or if there is inconclusive
evidence. Investigator may have his own
observations/reasons to question the existing knowledge that
need to be verified.
3. Clearly indicate reason for conducting the study, ending up
with actually what has to be done (Objectives).
Material & Methods:
Patients/Experimental Animals Selection (Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria;
attach all
proformas used for data
collection at the end)
Study Design: Survey, Descriptive Study, Quasi
Experimental or Experimental.
Setting: Place, where study will be carried out.
Duration:
Sample Size:
Sampling Technique:
Sample Selection: Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Methodology: (Data Collection Procedure)
What variables (Dependent or outcome and independent or
predictors and
confounding will be studied)
Data Collection Tools/Instruments to be used in the study
Statistical Analysis:
Data recording, storage, assessment. How data will be analyzed? Software
to be used. What parametric or non parametric tests will be used for
different variables i.e. level of significance? How the conclusion will be
drawn?
Outcome & Utilization: (Describe in which way the expected results of
your study can be useful in designing and delivery of health care system)
Limitation of the proposed study: (Briefly describe study limitations
anticipated at the outset, especially constraints relating to sample size,
sample selection, methodology, procedure, and other practical or financial
constraints, keeping in view the similar studies conducted earlier.)
References: (Not to exceed two pages. All references should be cited in
the text in numerical
order)
Vancouver style should be used. (Appendix – 1)
Plan of work:
Schedule/Phasing (In order to achieve the desired objectives of the study,
divide your work plan
into different phases in a tabular form)
Appendix – 1
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Uniform
Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals:
Sample References
Articles in Journals
1. Standard journal article
List the first six authors followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.)
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul
25;347(4):284-7.
As an option, if a journal carries continuous pagination throughout a volume (as many medical journals do) the
month and issue number may be omitted.
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med.
2002;347:284-7.
Optional addition of a database's unique identifier for the citation:
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul
25;347(4):284-7. Cited in PubMed; PMID 12140307.
More than six authors:
Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial
excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.
2. Organization as author
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with
impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.
3. Both personal authors and an organization as author (This example does not
conform to NISO standards.)
Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274
European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257-61.
4. No author given
21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.
5. Article not in English
(Note: NLM translates the title into English, encloses the translation in square brackets, and adds an abbreviated
language designator.)
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen.
2002;122(8):785-7.
6. Volume with supplement
Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short- and long-term use for
treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.
7. Issue with supplement
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology. 2002;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.
8. Volume with part
Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological viewpoint. Int J Psychoanal.
2002;83(Pt 2):491-5.
9. Issue with part
Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a large animal model for
lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9 Pt 1):923-8.
10. Issue with no volume
Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint arthroplasty.
Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8.
11. No volume or issue
Outreach: bringing HIV-positive individuals into care. HRSA Careaction. 2002 Jun:1-6.
12. Pagination in roman numerals
Chadwick R, Schuklenk U. The politics of ethical consensus finding. Bioethics. 2002;16(2):iii-v.
13. Type of article indicated as needed
Tor M, Turker H. International approaches to the prescription of long-term oxygen therapy [letter]. Eur Respir J.
2002;20(1):242.
Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE. Characteristics of older methadone
maintenance (MM) patients [abstract]. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002;66 Suppl 1:S105.
14. Article containing retraction
Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for
risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. Retraction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry.
2000;61(12):909-11.
15. Article retracted
Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for
risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11. Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin
Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169.
16. Article republished with corrections
Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. The reproductive importance of P-type ATPases. Mol Cell Endocrinol.
2002;188(1-2):22-5. Corrected and republished from: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;183(1-2):123-6.
17. Article with published erratum
Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. Clin
Ther. 2000;22(10):1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in: Clin Ther 2001;23(2):309.
18. Article published electronically ahead of the print version
Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002
Nov 15;100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul 5.
Books and Other Monographs
19. Personal author(s)
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.
20. Editor(s), compiler(s) as author
Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-
Hill; 2002.
21. Author(s) and editor(s)
Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek RR, editor. White Plains (NY):
March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.
22. Organization(s) as author
Royal Adelaide Hospital; University of Adelaide, Department of Clinical Nursing. Compendium of nursing
research and practice development, 1999-2000. Adelaide (Australia): Adelaide University; 2001.
23. Chapter in a book
Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler
KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.
24. Conference proceedings
Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour
Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.
25. Conference paper
Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for genetic programming. In:
Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002:
Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin:
Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.
26. Scientific or technical report
Issued by funding/sponsoring agency:
Yen GG (Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stillwater, OK). Health
monitoring on vibration signatures. Final report. Arlington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US),
Air Force Research Laboratory; 2002 Feb. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123. Contract No.: F496209810049.
Issued by performing agency:
Russell ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring the size distribution of airborne
Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies
Division; 2002 Jan. Report No.: LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored by the
Department of Energy.
27. Dissertation
Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic Americans [dissertation]. Mount
Pleasant (MI): Central Michigan University; 2002.
28. Patent
Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting device and
positioning tool assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.
Other Published Material
29. Newspaper article
Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in assault rate. The Washington Post.
2002 Aug 12;Sect. A:2 (col. 4).
30. Audiovisual material
Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism [videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for
Continuing Medical Education; 2002.
31. Legal Material
Public law:
Veterans Hearing Loss Compensation Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-9, 115 Stat. 11 (May 24, 2001).
Unenacted bill:
Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (2001).
Code of Federal Regulations:
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction Control, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 870.4430 (2002).
Hearing:
Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Update on the Science, Benefits and Cost: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on
Environment, Technology and Standards of the House Comm. on Science, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (Oct. 4, 2001).
32. Map
Pratt B, Flick P, Vynne C, cartographers. Biodiversity hotspots [map]. Washington: Conservation International;
2000.
33. Dictionary and similar references
Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000. Filamin; p. 675.
Unpublished Material
34. In press
(Note: NLM prefers "forthcoming" because not all items will be printed.)
Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. In press 2002.
Electronic Material
35. CD-ROM
Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson's electronic atlas of hematology [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
36. Journal article on the Internet
Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [serial
on the Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12];102(6):[about 3 p.]. Available from:
http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm
37. Monograph on the Internet
Foley KM, Gelband H, editors. Improving palliative care for cancer [monograph on the Internet]. Washington:
National Academy Press; 2001 [cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from:
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074029/html/.
38. Homepage/Web site
Cancer-Pain.org [homepage on the Internet]. New York: Association of Cancer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-
01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/.
39. Part of a homepage/Web site
American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet]. Chicago: The Association; c1995-2002 [updated
2001 Aug 23; cited 2002 Aug 12]. AMA Office of Group Practice Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from:
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html
40. Database on the Internet
Open database:
Who's Certified [database on the Internet]. Evanston (IL): The American Board of Medical Specialists. c2000 -
[cited 2001 Mar 8]. Available from: http://www.abms.org/newsearch.asp
Closed database:
Jablonski S. Online Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes [database on the
Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). c1999 [updated 2001 Nov 20; cited 2002 Aug
12]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndrome_title.html
41. Part of a database on the Internet
MeSH Browser [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2002 - [cited
2003 Jun 10]. Meta-analysis; unique ID: D015201; [about 3 p.]. Available from:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html
