Calculation Example of Extended Aeration
Calculation Example of Extended Aeration
Layout
Figure 4.2: Top view plan layout of sewage treatment plant
Approach velocity, v2 0.5 m/s
Parameters Values
= 7.011 m3
Provide wet well size = 5m x 2m
= 10m2
Required effective depth = 7.011m3
= 0.70 m ≈ 0.45 m (provided)
10.0 m2
Pipe sizing
Pump capacity at peak = 77.90 x 10-3 m3/s
flow = 77.9 L/s
Velocity in discharge pipe = ≤ 2.5m/s (MS 1228)
at maximum pump
discharge
Velocity in discharge pipe = 2m/s
Diameter, D =
10−3 m3
( 77.90 × (4)
s )
√
m3
(π) (2.0 )
s
= 9.917 m
Provide pipe diameter = 100mm = 0.1m
Actual mean velocity, 10−3 m3
(77.90 × (4)
V = s )
(π)(0.1 m)(0.1 m)
= 9.917m/s
Losses through the pipe hf hf 0.54
(Hazen-William V = (0.85)(C)(R0.63 ) [( ) ]
L
Formula),
Losses through the fitting He = (K)(V 2 )
He (Hazen-William (2)(g)
Formula
m
= 3.0074
unit of fitting
Total head = Static head + other losses
= 5m + 11.415
= 16.4m
Provide total head = 5.5m
Pump provided
No. of pump = 2 pumps (1 working, 1 standby)
Capacity of each pump = 7.0L/s at 5.5m total head
= 0.42 m3/s
Cu is undeflow
concentration
RAS pump rating hours/day 24
Recirculation ratio, QRAS/QINFLOW 0.5-1.0
MLSS recycle ratio 4-6 times of Qavg
Volumetric loading kg BOD5/m3.d 0.1-0.4
Minimum mixing requirement W/m 20
Tank dimension
Water depth M 3-5
Length:Width Ratio 3:1
Max width of joined tank m < 60
= (3000g/m3 )(1610m3 )
(165.6 kg/day + 36kg/day)
= 24 days >20 days (acceptable)
= kg sludge produced
0.164
BOD5 consumed
= 3 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑘𝑔 3𝑘𝑔
9 3− 3
𝑚 𝑚
= 0.5
= 34.63 kg/hours
49.468 kg/hours
= 0.7
Oxygen Transfer Efficiency is known to be 30% at 5m depth hence corrected oxygen
transfer efficiency will be,
AOR = (0.7)(30%)
( ) (30%)
SOR = 21.09%
Oxygen content in atmosphere is known to be 23.2%, 1.201 kg/m3 at 30°C
Volume of air Vair,required = 49.468 kg O2 /hours
required or need to (0.2109)(0.232)(1.201)
be provided = 14.03 m3 of air/min
No of diffuser required
Model = Uniflex U330
Type = Coarse bubble
Air flow rate = 0.275m3/min/unit
supplied
No. of diffuser = 14.03m3 /min
required 0.275m3 /min
= 50 units
No. of diffuser = 50/2
required for each = 25units/tank
tank
Mixing requirement
Minimum mixing MR = 20 W/m3 (SPAN)
requirement
MR = Blower Motor Rating/1610 m3
Blower motor rating = (1610 m3 )(20W/m3 )
= 32.2kW
Return sludge and waste sludge
QRAS = MLSS
[ ] [Qinflow ]
(Cu − MLSS)
= 3kg
[ ] [1800m3 /day]
9kg − 6kg
= 900 m3/day
Daily flow rate of QRAS+QWAS = 900 m3/day + 18.361 m3/day
Return Sludge (QRAS = 918.361 m3/day
) and Waste = 459.181 m3/day/tank
Activated Sludge = 0.0053 m3/s /tank
(QWAS)
Pipe sizing
Allowed Velocity = 1.50 m/s (SPAN)
Area of pipe cross A = 0.0053 m3 /s
section 1.5
= 0.00353m2
A = D 2
(Pi)(r 2 ) = (Pi) [( ) ]
2
= 2
(Pi)(D /4)
D =
(0.00353)(4)
√( )
Pi
= 0.067 m
= Hence, 100 mm diameter pipe is selected so
that velocity through it is less than 1.50 m/s
Actual Velocity V = Q/A
inside the pipe = 0.0053m3/s
calculated 0.1 2
(Pi) ( )
( 2 )
4
1.23 m/s
=
1.23 m/s < below required 1.50 m/s velocity
=
(acceptable)
Figure 5.15: The necessary fittings for the pipe which connects from aeration tank to
clarifier tank
Diameter Equivalent
Item Fittings KI Nos.
(mm) Length (m)
1.00 Tee (run) 16 100 0 0.00
2.00 Tee (Branch) 54 100 1 5.4
90 degree bend
Short radius 45 0 0.00
3.00 100
Medium radius 34 4 13.60
Long radius 18 0 0.00
4.00 45 degree bend 18 100 0 0.00
Gate valve
5.00 5 100 2 1.00
(open)
Swing check
6.00 45 100 0 0.00
valve (open)
Butterfly valve
7.00 16 100 0 0.00
(open)
Total 20.00
Table 5.16: Design calculation for pumping head and pump selection
Pipe length = 15 m
Pipe Equivalent = 20.00 m
Length
Head Loss through
pipe,
V (0.85 C)(R0.63 )(S0.54 )
S = Hydraulic slope, m/m of pipe
C = Coefficient, 130 for cast iron
R = Hydraulic radius D/4 (0.0625m)
Mean velocity V = Mean velocity, m/s (1.23 m/s)
S0.54 = V
(0.85)(C)(R0.63 )
S = 0.0061
Head loss Hf = (S)(equivalent length + pipe length)
= (0.0061)(15m+20m)
= 0.2 m
Total head required = Static Head + Head Loss, hf
Discharge level = 8m
Suction level = 0.85m
Static head = 7.15m
Head loss hf = 0.20m
Total head required = 7.15m + 0.20m
= 7.35 m
Pump selection
Daily Flow Rate of = 459.181 m3/day/tank
WAS & RAS = 19.133 L/min
= 20 m3/hour
Pump head required = 7.35m
5.6 Clarifier
Table 5.17: Design calculation for clarifier
No. of tanks = 2 (follow SPAN design criteria)
Tank configuration = Circular (SPAN)
Peak Flow Rate Qpeak = 280.43 m3
Peak Factor = 4
MLSS = 3kg (follow SPAN design criteria)
Hydraulic Retention = 2 hours (follow SPAN design criteria)
Time at Qpeak
Area calculation V = Mean velocity, m/s (1.23 m/s)
Adopt Surface = 30m3/d/m2
Overflow Rate at
Qpeak
Surface area = Qpeak/(surface overflow rate)
= 280.43m3 /hr
30m3 /d/m2
= 224.344 m2
Surface area of each r =
A
tank √( )
Pi
= 5.975m = 6m
New area of each A = (Pi)(r2 )
tank = (3.142)(62 )
= 113.097m2
Area of both tanks = (2)(113.097m2 )
= 226.195m
Design surface = Qpeak
overflow rate surface area of tank
= 280.43 m3 /hr
226.195m
= 29.755 m3/d/m2
= 29.755 m3/d/m2 < 30 (acceptable)
Solids loading rate = 7.15m
Solid loading rate at = (MLSS)(design surface overflow rate)
Q_peak = (3 kg/m3 )(29.755 m3/d/m2 )
= 89.264 kg/d/m2
= 89.264 kg/d/m2 < 150kg (acceptable)
Total head required = 7.15m + 0.20m
= 7.35 m
Solid loading rate at = SLR at Qpeak
Qavg Peak factor
= 89.264 kg/d/m2
4
= 22.316 kg/d/m^2
Weir loading rate
Length of weir = (Pi)(Weir diameter)
= (Pi)[6m-(0.3m)(2)]
0.3 m is the thickness of wall
= 16.964 m
Qpeak = 280.43
2
= 140.215 m3/hours
Volume of tank = Volume of cylindrical top + Volume of
truncated cone
= [(Pi)(r12 )(h)]+ [(1/3)(Pi)(r12 + r1 r2+r22 )(h2)]
= [(Pi)(62 )(3.5)] + [(1/3)(Pi)(62 + (6)(1.1) +
1.12)(2)]
= 481 m3
Hydraulic retention HRT = 481
time, 140.215
= 4.5>2 hours (acceptable)
5.7 Disinfection
Sludge handling unit is design based on the typical sludge generation rates that are
provided by SPAN as stated in Figure 5.12.
In this proposed project, sludge handling unit consists of three stages, they are:
i. Sludge holding/storage
ii. Sludge dewatering
iii. Utilization and disposal.
MS
V=
(ρW )(SSI )(PS )
adapted from Metcaff and Eddy
Where,
V = volume, m3
Ms = mass of dry solids, kg
pw = specific weight of water, 1000kg/m3
Ssl = specific gravity of sludge (1.015 from metcaff and eddy table 14-7)
Ps = percent solids expressed as decimal, (1.3 adapted from Metcaff and Eddy table 14-8)
165.6 kg
VS = = 12.55 m3
(1000kg/m3 )(1.015)(0.013)
Volume for waste sludge for 10 days = (12.55) (10) = 125.5 m3 (10 days holding because
volume of tank is large and require a lot of WWTP space).
Size of Tank
Volume = (length)(width)(depth)
Depth is fixed at 4m and Length to Width ratio is 3:1
125.5 m = (4m)(L)(W)
125.5
(L)(W) = = 31.375 m
4
L=3W hence,
31.375 m = (W)(3W) = 3W 2
31.375
W = √( ) = 3.233 m
3
Aeration of sludge holding tank for biological sludge reduction, odour control and
phosphorus uptake (Based on SPAN guidelines 0.02 m3/min.m3 of air must be supplied).
For Uniciti Alam Campus treatment plant, the diffuser type chosen is coarse bubble
diffuser. There are several advantages of using this diffuser, they are:
High DO efficiency
Low Energy required – Capital payback with energy savings generally within 12 -
18 months.
Adaptable to ponds and tank systems
Low maintenance – Annual high pressure clean of diffuser
Diffusers have ten year plus life span.
Stage 2: Sludge Dewatering
Type of dewatering used for the proposed plant is mechanical thickening using
centrifuge. Some advantages of mechanical dewatering compared to drying bed are:
Table 5.8 describes the justification for features of centrifugal dewatering that are
considered for proposed treatment plant.
After undergo dewatering process, the sludge will undergo volume reduction by at
least 20% hence the volume of sludge that need to be disposed is estimated to be.
MS
V=
(ρW )(SSI )(PS )
Where,
V = volume, m3
Ms = mass of dry solids, kg
pw = specific weight of water, 1000kg/m3
Ssl = specific gravity of sludge (1.015 from metcaff and eddy table 14-7)
Ps = percent solids expressed as decimal, (20%)
165.6 kg
VS = = 0.816m3
(1000kg/m3 )(1.015)(0.2)