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Selection of A Suitable Type 1+2' SPD - Example Using Building On A Plain

This document discusses selecting a suitable Type 1+2 surge protection device (SPD) for a building located on flat land. It recommends a Schneider PRD1 25r 3P SPD with a 25kA impulse current rating and 40kA maximum discharge current. For external short circuit protection, it recommends substituting a Schneider NSX100N moulded case circuit breaker with a TM80D trip unit for the recommended NG125N 80A circuit breaker due to availability in New Zealand. Additional surge protection is recommended for loads more than 20m from the main switchboard using a Type 2/3 SPD.

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93 views4 pages

Selection of A Suitable Type 1+2' SPD - Example Using Building On A Plain

This document discusses selecting a suitable Type 1+2 surge protection device (SPD) for a building located on flat land. It recommends a Schneider PRD1 25r 3P SPD with a 25kA impulse current rating and 40kA maximum discharge current. For external short circuit protection, it recommends substituting a Schneider NSX100N moulded case circuit breaker with a TM80D trip unit for the recommended NG125N 80A circuit breaker due to availability in New Zealand. Additional surge protection is recommended for loads more than 20m from the main switchboard using a Type 2/3 SPD.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Schneider Electric (NZ) Ltd

Selection of a Suitable ‘Type 1+2’ SPD – Example using Building on a


Plain
As outlined in FAQ “What is surge protection”, any Type 1+2 SPD needs to have an impulse
current rating (IIMP) of at least 12.5kA and a maximum discharge current (IMAX) of 40kA. A
Schneider PRD1 25r 3P SPD has an impulse current rating (IIMP) of 25kA (10/350µs wave) and
a maximum discharge current (IMAX) of 40kA (8/20µs wave).

The voltage protection level (Up) of this device is 1.5kV. This is the maximum voltage across
the terminals of the SPD when it is active and this value is reached when the current flowing
in the SPD is equal to the nominal discharge value (In). The In value of this SPD is 25kA. The
relationship between Up and In are shown below.

A remote indicator is provided (for connection to remote indicator lamp or PLC input). The
surge arrestor cartridge is withdrawable and can be replaced. This model of SPD coupled
with appropriate upstream protection will be suitable for use at any main switchboard
located on a plain. A block diagram of this type of SPD, suitable for a three phase supply, is
shown below.

As the surge protection device would be located near the MEN link, there is no need for
surge protection between neutral and earth conductors.

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Schneider Electric (NZ) Ltd

Please note that the configuration of this particular device has an encapsulated spark gap
and varistor in parallel and thus offers Type 1 and Type 2 protection.

Selection of External Short Circuit Protection Device for ‘Type 1+2’ SPD

The external Short Circuit Protection Device should be coordinated with the SPD. It is
designed to meet the following conditions
- Lightning current withstand. The lightning current withstand is an essential
characteristic of the SPD’s external protection device. The device must not trip upon
15 successive impulse currents at the nominal discharge current rating of SPD. (Note:
Nominal discharge current rating (In) is the peak value of a current of 8/20µs
waveform that the SPD is capable of discharging fifteen times)
- Breaking Capacity. The protection device must have a breaking capacity greater than
or equal to the prospective short-circuit current (Isc) at the installation point.
A recommended protection device for a Schneider PRD1 25r is a Schneider NG125N 80A. As
this model of circuit breaker is not commercialised in New Zealand, it is recommended to
substitute this circuit breaker with a Schneider NSX100N moulded case circuit breaker with a
TM80D trip unit. The trip curves of both circuit breakers are similar (as shown below).

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Schneider Electric (NZ) Ltd

NG125H C 80A NSX100F TM-D 80A


(recommended) (substitute)

The breaking capacity of the NSX100N MCCB is 50kA. This combination of components is
suitable for Type 1+2 surge protection of all main switchboards supplied by transformers up
to 2.5MVA capacity.

Any Further Surge Protection Required?

Electrical networks are low frequency and as a result, propagation of the voltage wave is
instantaneous (i.e. at any point of a conductor, the instantaneous voltage is the same).
However, lightning waves and other transients are generally high frequency phenomenon.
As these transient waves are propagated along a conductor at a speed relative to the
frequency of the phenomenon, the voltage does not have the same value at all points of the
conductor. Tests in a laboratory have shown that a load powered by 30M of cable protected
upstream by a SPD of voltage value Up can sustain, due to reflection phenomena, a
maximum voltage of 2 X Up.

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Schneider Electric (NZ) Ltd

Of the three factors (difference of impedance, frequency and distance) the only one that can
be really controlled is the length of cable between the SPD and the load to be protected. The
greater this length, the greater the reflection. When considering overvoltage, reflection
phenomena are significant from 10m and can double the voltage from 30m. For this reason,
it is recommended to install a second SPD if the cable length between the main switchboard
and the apparatus to be protected exceeds 20m. In this scenario, installation of a
Type2/Type 3 SPD in a downstream distribution board is recommended.

Remaining with our example of a building on a plain, a maximum discharge current of 40kA
is recommended for stage 2 SPD’s installed downstream of main switchboards. Where type
2 protection is advised, installation of an iPRD40r 3P+N surge arrestor coupled with a
Schneider NSX100N moulded case circuit breaker with a TM40D trip unit is recommended.

A block diagram of this type of SPD is shown below. As the surge protection device would be
located away from the MEN link, surge protection between neutral and earth conductor is
recommended.

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