1 .
- ............................................................................................
............................................................................ 0000001
..................................................................................... 27 2560
.......................................................................................... 09.00 12.00 .
1. 25 ( ) 130
2. 2B
3. 4
.= a = A = I = 1
.= b = B = ii = 2
.= c = C = iii = 3
.= d = D = iv = 4
4. 2B
1
5.
6. .
7.
1
1. lipid bilayer
. nucleolus . vacuole
. lysosome . nucleus
2.
. ribosome . gap junction
. endoplasmic reticulum . plasmodesmata
3.
. nucleosome 1 34
. flagellum microtubule 9+2
. peptidoglycan
. gap junction
4. (meiosis)
A B C D
.A B C D .A B D C
.C B A D .C D B A
5. 320 megaspore mother cell
. 40 . 80 . 160 . 320
6. electron
electrontransport system
. NAD+ . NADP+ . NADH . NADPH
2
7. ATP
ATP ATP
mitochondria chloroplast
A ATP hexose H2O
B matrix thylakoid lumen
C ATP synthase ATP synthase
D
.B .C . B, C . A, D
8.
. glycolysis . Krebs cycle . electron transport system . fermentation
9. oxidative decarboxylation acetyl CoA
. matrix mitochondria
. FADH2 CO2
. pyruvate dehydrogenase
. pyruvate acetyl CoA
10.
. 2
.
. acetyl-CoA
.
3
11. cellulose chitin
Cellulose Chitin
1.
2.
3.
.1 .2 . 1, 2 . 1, 2 3
12. Oligosaccharide Glu – Glu – Gal – Glu –Gal – Gal
. C36H70O30 . C36H62O31 . C36H72O36 . C41H82O41
13. estrogen testosterone
. .
. .
14. pectin cell plate
. pinocytosis . diffusion . exocytosis . active transport
4
15.
15
1. hypotonic
2. turgor pressure
3.
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
16.
H (hen-feathering)
h (cock-feathering)
A B
HH
Hh A
hh B
. .
. .
5
17. 40
10 10 40 T
R
A.
B. TtRr
C. crossing over
meiosis
.A .B .C . A, B C
18. “
( ) ”
. autosomal dominance . autosomal recessive
. X-linked dominance . X-linked recessive
19. polygenes
A.
B.
C.
. A, B . A, C . B, C . A, B C
20. hemophilia
heterozygous heterozygous hemophilia
hemophilia
. 1/16 . 3/16 . 4/16 . 9/16
6
21.
1.
2.
3.
.1 .2 . 1, 2 . 2, 3
22. (intracellular digestion)
.
. neutrophil
. cytotoxic T cell
. enterokinase
23.
. arteriole artery
. arteriole artery
. vein venule
. vein venule
24. respiratory pigment
. . . .
25.
1. Interstitial fluid 2. Erythrocyte 3. Leucocyte
4. Platelet 5. Hemoglobin 6. Plasma
. 1, 2, 5, 6 . 1, 3, 4, 5 . 2, 3, 5, 6 . 1, 2, 3, 4
26. bicuspid
. diastolic pressure . diastolic pressure
. systolic pressure . systolic pressure
7
27. 50 .
. 2.2 . 2.75 . 4.0 . 5.5
28. fibrinogen fibrin
. prothrombin . platelet . thrombin . vitamin K
29.
.
.
.
.
30.
. .
.
31.
.
.
.
.
32.
. IAA
. ethylene
. gibberellin
. zeatin phloem
8
33.
. sunken stoma
.
. K+
.
34.
. cytokinin
. auxin
. abscisic acid
. gibberellin
35.
. meiosis
. mitosis
. gametophyte gamete
.
36.
.
. sclerenchyma
. cork cambium
.
37.
. secondary growth
. xylem
. bundle sheath
. secondary growth
9
38.
1. embryo, megaspore mother cell, pollen grain 2n, 2n, 2n
2. perfect flower 4
3. embryo sac 3 antipodal cells, 2 polar nuclei, 2 synergid cells 1 egg cell
.2 .3 . 1, 3 . 2, 3
39. ovary ........... ovule ………..
. nucellus, seed coat . nucellus, integument
. pericarp, seed coat . pericarp, integument
40.
.
.
.
. endosperm
41. action potential membrane channels
+
. K channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
. K+ channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
. K+ channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
. K+ channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
42.
. repolarization . depolarization
. hyperpolarization .
43. hindbrain
. medulla oblongata . cerebrum . hypothalamus . thalamus
10
44.
.
.
.
.
45.
. cerebellum . cerebrum . midbrain . pons
46.
.
.
.
.
47.
.
. eustachian
. cochlea
. semicircular canal
48.
. : : cochlea
. : : lateral line
. : : tympanic membrane
. : : epidermis
11
49. cornea
. sclera
. retina
. fovea
. choroid
50.
. incus . stapes
. semicircular canal . cochlea
51.
. Jurassic . Triassic
. Devonian . Silurian
52.
1. 2.
3. 4.
.1 2 .2 3 .3 4 .1 4
53. /
. mitochondria–70S, –80S . cyanobacteria–80S, chloroplast–70S
. –70S, mitochondria–70S . –70S, chloroplast–70S
54. sexual reproduction
. sporulation . budding
. conjugation . binary fission
12
55.
. chytrid
. fruiting body ascus
. basidiospore basidium
. Mucor zygospore
56. Division Lycophyta
A. 1
B.
C.
D.
.A B . A, C D
. A, B D . A, B, C D
57.
. .
. .
58.
. . . .
59. “ ”
. .
. . parental care
13
60.
. Ape .
. .
61.
1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. excretion
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
62.
. .
. .
63. -
1. 2. 3.
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
64.
1. thyroxine 2. epinephrine 3. norepinephrine
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
65.
1.
2.
3.
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
14
66.
. nucleotide
.
. phosphodiester bond
.
67.
. ligase
. DNA polymerase
. DNA leading strand
. 1
68. 2
(DNA template)
. TACCGA . ATGGCT . UACCGA . AUGGCU
69.
. tRNA
. mRNA
. mRNA
.
15
70. (recombinant DNA molecule)
.
. cytoplasm
. chromosomal DNA
. 1
71.
. cambium . lateral meristem
. secondary meristem . apical root meristem
72. safranin
. vessel member . fiber
. tracheid . collenchyma cell
73.
. vessel member . fiber
. parenchyma cell . collenchyma cell
74. cortex
. . . .
75. (phloem)
. sieve tube member . parenchyma cell
. vessel member . companion cell
76. (light reaction)
. O2, , RuBP . H2O, O2
. H2O, ATP, . ATP, NADPH, O2
16
77.
. .
. .
78.
.
. (visible light)
.
.
79.
. stroma
. Calvin cycle
. chloroplast
. 5
80.
(640 mol m-2s-1) ( 25 mol m-2s-1)
.
.
.
.
81.
. phloem
. phloem
. phloem companion cell
. phloem
17
82.
.
.
. 96%
.
83.
.
.
.
.
84.
0.1%
0.1%
. isotonic solution
. hypotonic solution
. hypertonic solution
. isotonic solution hypotonic solution
85. 2
.
.
.
.
18
86 87
86. 5
.1 2 . 1, 3 4
.3 4 . 2, 3 4
87. 5
.1 .2 .3 .4
88.
. spermatid
. spermatogonia
. primary spermatocyte
. secondary spermatocyte
19
89.
. spermatocyte, Graafian follicle . seminiferous tubule, ovary
. Leydig cell, Graafian follicle . spermatogonium, oocyte
90. Y
. spermatid, secondary spermatocyte
. spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte
. primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte
. Y
91.
. .
. .
92. embryo
.
.
.
.
93. embryonic germ layer
. .
. .
20
94. (placenta)
1.
2.
3.
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
95. (embryonic germ layer)
. zygote . morula . gastrula . blastula
96. Rhizobium sp.
. mutualism . commensalism
. parasitism . competition
97.
. .
. .
98. carrying capacity
. .
. .
99.
. condensation . evaporation
. precipitation . transpiration
100.
.
.
.
.
21
101. biome
. .
. .
102. (eutrophication)
. DO . BOD
. .
103.
. .
. .
104.
. .
. .
105.
. imprinting
.
. habituation
.
106.
.
.
.
. complete dominance, incomplete
dominance co-dominance
22
107.
. (pure line)
. (self pollination)
. 2
. 7
108.
. monohybrid cross = 1 . testcross = 1
. monohybrid cross = 2 . testcross = 2
109. 1
. ( ) ( )
F1 F2 3/16
. ( ) ( ) F1
F2 3:1
. ( ) ( )
F1
. ( ) ( ) F1
9/16
110. 2
. 2 2 1
. 2 2 2 2
. 4 2
. 2 2 2 2
111. genotype AABbCcDdEE (pollen) genotype
. 32 . 16 .8 .4
23
112.
.
.
.
.
113. Multiple allele
. allele
2
. allele
2
. 2
.
2
114. incomplete dominance
. dominant recessive allele
. heterozygous phenotype
. genotype homozygous
. heterozygous phenotype 3 1
115.
. = multiple allele
. ABO = multiple allele
. = incomplete dominance
. = incomplete dominance
116.
. CaCO3 . SiO2 . MnSO4 . Al2O3
24
117.
.
.
.
.
118.
.
.
.
.
119.
. Charles Darwin
.
.
.
120. R = 0.6 r = 0.4
. R = 0.6 r = 0.4 . R=1 r=0
. R = 0.4 r = 0.6 . R = 0.8 r = 0.2
121. neurotransmitter (T) neurohormone (H)
. T H
. T H
.T H
.T H
25
122.
. TSH . MSH . ACTH . FSH
123.
. . . .
124. Cushing's syndrome
. . epinephrine
. glucocorticoids . growth hormone
125.
. insulin . PTH . noradrenaline . thymosin
126. STH
. cretinism .
. . dwarfism
127.
. phosphate . sodium . calcium . potassium
128. dynein
. . . .
129.
. . . .
130. pheromone
. .
. .
