CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The greatest innovation that has taken place in the twentieth century is in the
realm of information Technology. This is currently made possible by the
introduction of the digital computers which has been observed in the field of
communication to be increasingly inseparable from communications. These
linkages often referred to as convergence is driven by technology and amplified by
business trends and schools. Faster growth in network systems that use
communication links to connect subsidiary system (nodes) which may send and
receives, direct and redirect information (Solomon .M. 2010).
However, looking at another aspect of information technology known as
data management, you will note that the data generated by schools/organizations
are usually created in files for use by different departments/units within the
organizations. If the data contained in these files are not carefully delineated it is
very likely that the same data will appear on several of these files. That is, these
files would contain redundant data e.g. the University registry file and college or
department file would contain the name and address of a student. This would mean
that a simple change of address has to be processed in two and probably three or
four places, depending on the number of other files on which these data appear Phil
S. (2000). As further noted by (Vecchioli .B. 1999) organizing and managing
student records into a cohesive and efficient system might seem like an impossible
task.
Consequently, the development of the concept of database is the answer to
student’s efficient record keeping where the amount of redundant data is reduced
and the possibility that data contained on a file might be inaccurate because they
were never updated. Various applications have been developed to address a
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number of these issues but the proprietary nature of user-oriented systems has not
made it possible to have a good survey of such systems. There is a wide array of
existing information and information needs, yet schools are often limited by
personnel and financial concerns ( Vecchioli .B. 1999).
Furthermore, the design and implementation of a comprehensive student
application form and user interface is to replace the current paper records (Zhibing,
.L. 2010). College Staff are able to directly access all aspects of a student’s
academic progress through a secure, interface embedded in the college’s web site.
The system utilizes user authentication, displaying only information necessary for
an individual’s duties (Oketunji S.F. 2002).
Additionally, each sub-system has authentication allowing authorized users
to create or update information in that subsystem. All data is thoroughly reviewed
and validated on the server before actual record alteration occurs. In addition to a
staff user interface, the system plans for student user interface, allowing users to
access information and submit requests online thus reducing processing time. All
data is stored securely on the school database managed by the college
administrator and ensures highest possible level of security. The system features a
complex logging system to track all users’ access and ensure conformity to data
access guidelines and is expected to increase the efficiency of the college’s record
management thereby decreasing the work hours needed to access and deliver
student records to users (Dall .M. 2004).
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Due to the manual means been used by the Federal College of Education
Yola, keeping information about student application, a lot of problems are
encountered which includes:
a. Delay in processing admission

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b. Staff work load is heavy and resources are not optimized well to find the best
students.
c. Lose of vital document as the filing system is manual.
d. Damage of document due to fire or rain incident.
e. Illegal removal of forms by fraudulent staff leading to insecurity.
f. Take a lot of time to retrieve a particular application form
g. cost of transport by students applying from various states. .
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to design an online students admission system in
Federal College of Education Yola. Its objectives are to have the following:
i. To develop online student admission system that will replace the manual
method.
ii. To develop, promote, and provide adequate and efficient information
management system.
iii. To maintain an efficient system of collecting, sorting and delivery of
students information.
iv. To eliminate the error involved with the manual method of checking
student’s information for admission.
v. To save the time wasted with manual method of checking student’s
information.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is hoped that the result of this study title, “design of online student admission
will serve as tools for helping students who wish to register for their NCE
programs, and will go a long way to help the staff and the school management.
This is easy to achieve since standard and tested computer programs handle all sort
of complex calculations, storage and retrieval of valuable information needed from
the school.
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 Also, important is the fact that records prepared with electronic machine can
be stored as long as needed in non-bulky and compact systems. And this will be of
important to students in following ways:
• it will save time: participant can sign up online when and where is most
convenient for them in just a few minutes without having to print,
manually out and send paper forms.
• Receive e-mail and notification: participant can get the ability to be
informed straight to their inbox.
• Improve student support: you will get all the necessary information to
answer immediately to any of the payment related questions a participant
might have.
For staffs it will be of important in following ways:
• it will save time : opening, entering and sorting out illegible or inaccurate
forms can be very time consuming, so just by eliminating this process off
your duties you are set to get at least 4 less administrative work hours per
week
• Centralized data management: collect participants data and payment ,
viewing number of remaining participant places, analyze participant and
payment reporting, e-mail the participant data and more.
• Secured payment process, active network payment, reduce data redundancy.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This project work is narrowed to Federal College of Education, Yola. It
deals with the development of students online admission system on a database that
will help in the storing of student’s information.
Owing to the scope of this project work as stated above, this project work is
limited to students online admission process. It is important to mention here that

4
time was a major constraint in the course of fact finding. It is also wise to mention
here that some information we need to work with was not collected because of the
unwillingness of the staff to review such information.
In the manual method of data collection, the student will buy the form, filled
it and submit it manually to the admission department and wait for the admission.
After the admission has been given to the student, the student will now come and
collect his/her admission form, and go to his/ he department for the clearance, and
to the bursary department for the payment of school fees. After the payment of the
school fees, then the student will now proceed for online course registration.
The new system is designed to solve problem affecting the manual system
in use. It is design to be used in a database format thereby relieving both student
and staff from much stress as experienced from the manual system.
The proposed system will also have some other features like; Accuracy in
handling of data, Fast rate of operation and excellent response time, Flexibility
(i.e.) it can be accessed at any time, Easy way of back up or duplicating data in
diskette in case of data loss, Better storage and faster retrieval system and
Accessibility from any part of the world.

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ACADEMIC
SETTING
The introduction of computer into information technology has massively
improved the information need of organization, the success of this machine is
dependent on the knowledge base. Therefore, one can be prompted to ask aloud
“what is a computer?” (Funk .M. 1980) define a computer as an electronic device
that can perform automatically at a high speed of a sequence of logical operations
according to instructions giving to it inform of pre-arranged program. (Anigbogu
G. 2000) define a computer as an electronic device capable of accepting data and
instruction, process the data base on the instruction to generate result or output in
such a manner that is yet to be equaled by any other known machine to mankind.
Also, (Chimezie .F. 1990) define computer by saying that computers are looked
upon as obedient servants who are ever ready to free man from tedious procedures
and produce result as compared with human computing time.
Consequently, world net describes an information system (I.S) as systems
consisting of all communication channels used within an organization and include
software and hardware. It may also be define as a system that collect and process
data (information) and provide it to manager of all levels that use it for decision
making, planning, program implementation and control (Hewlett .M. 1993).
However, the aim of information system to application, admission,
registration, result processing and clearance in higher institutions using computer
software based clearance system is to improve the quality and accuracy of
information provided to all involved as well as assisting higher institutions in
compiling and reporting information, making work lesser for the management.
Information technology has been an integral part of academic system since almost
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four decades. According to (Hewlett .M. 1993). The world is entering an era in
which technology will literally transform every aspect of business, every aspect of
life and every aspect of society (Hewlett .M. 1993).
Since the arrival of technology, school system has taken a new shape style
with a blend of convenience and satisfaction. (Tarlor .M. 1980). Says that
computer base education includes both computer-assisted instruction programs that
interact with students in a dialogue and a broader array of educational computer
applications such as simulations or instructions in computer programming.
Learning from a student bedroom, office or anywhere in the world has made its
way into higher institutions system with the advent of internet technology.
Information technology has always helped the higher institution system to educate
student in better way. To explain few examples; Student online clearance is a
method where the student obtains his/her clearance letter without carrying files
around. This is safe, fast and has no hazels. Filling out the documents using a
database application and comparing options and writing for approval is a time
consuming process. Through the internet, this process is made much easier and
sometimes the approval is made within minutes. This explains an efficient way of
obtaining clearance and saves time and money for students (Boreisha B. 2001)
2.2 DATA AND INFORMATION
The concept of data and information are very important in understanding
issues that go with development and implementation of online students admission
system. The term “data” and “information” are used interchangeably every day
conversation as meaning the same thing by too many managers and information
specialist (Boreisha B. 2002).
However, these terms have distinct meaning, according to (O’Leary N.
1996) data simply consist of raw unprocessed facts while information is a data that
have been processed by the computer. (Hordeski G. 1986) gives the following
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definition of Data is the basic element of information that is use to described
objects, ideas, conditions or situations.
Furthermore (Lucey I. 1991) defines data and information as data is fact
events, transactions and so on, which have been recorded. They are the raw
materials from which information is produced, while information is data that has
been produced in such a way as to be useful to the recipient. Data are fact obtained
by observation, counting, measuring, weighing etc, which are often records of day-
to-day transactions of the organization. For example, the date, amount, and other
details of an invoice or cheque, payroll details of payment, the number of a student
living in a particular hostel and so on.
Consequently, (Enwerem J.C. 1992) argue that concept of information in an
organization sense is more complex and difficult than the frequent use of this
common word would suggest. (Oketunji S.F. 2002) emphasized that information is
data that have been processed, transmitted by the recipient, interpreted and
understood by the recipient. Here it should be noted that the user, not just the
sender is involved in the transformation of data into information. There is a process
of though and understanding involved and it follows that a given message can have
different meaning to different people. Based on this, one can conclude that data
which has been analyzed summarized or processed in some other fashion to
produce a message or report which is conveniently deemed “management
information” only becomes information if it is understood by the recipient.
Therefore, it is the user who determines whether a report contains information or
just processed data (Obilikwu N. 1995).

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2.3 AN OVERVIEW OF DATABASES
In the early days of computerization, it was normal to maintain specific files
for individual application. This approach is wholly inefficient for most of today’s
data processing systems. Supporting this, (Vossen S. 1991) enumerated the
problems that result from organizing data using the file system as follows:
a. There exist a high redundancies between files which result from the fact that
the information is replicated in different places, and that these replications are
not controlled by a central monitor.
b. Inconsistencies might result from the possibilities that a program makes
changes on the files it uses without these changes being made (at the same
time) by all other programs that uses the files.
c. There exists flexibility against changes in the application: if new actions or
event arise in the cause of time, these can be realize at a substantial expense of
time.
d. The work of many programmers involved is characterized by low
productivity, hence program maintenance is expensive: if the structure of an
existing file has to be modify during it life time, then all application program
has to be modify correspondently.
e. Finally, there is the problem of adopting and maintaining standard (with
respect to coding data format etc), which is important for exchanging data or
for migration to new operating system released, or even to a new computer
system.
To overcome these problems, databases were developed. It is now common
for large organization to organize their operational data using the database
technology (Clifton E.B. 1983) briefly define database as a collection of data
supporting the operation of an organization. Quoting CIMA, (Lucey I. 1991)
provide a more detailed definition. A database is a file of data structured in such a
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way that it may serve a number of application without it structure being dictated by
any one of those application, the concept being that programs are written round the
data base rather than files being structure to meet the need of particular programs.
Furthermore, (Russel .M. 1987) dealt extensively on the need for the use of
computer on such database system like computerized students online admission. In
the words of (Dimorji .M. 2003), “at the center of any information system is a
database, which is any collection of related information grouped together as a
simple item. The term can also apply to the ways in which information is
catalogued, analyzed, stored and used manually”.
(Rossell .C. 2005) was also of the view that without computer, effective
handling of candidate records cannot be achieved effectively in a database, all the
data is defined together rather than each file being define separately. In fact, all the
literature consulted seems to support the fact that a database is a collection of
structured data with the structure of data being independent of any particular
application. Specifying the need for database, (O’leary W. 1996) listed the
following advantages of a database as follows:
a. Sharing: In an organization, information from one department can be
readily shared with others.
b. Security: Users are giving password or access only to the kind of
information they need to know. For instance the payroll department may
have access to employee’s payroll but they would not have access to editing
the data.
c. Fewer files: With several departments having access to one files, there are
fewer files, therefore, excess storage or what is called redundancy is
reduced.
d. Data Integrity: Older filing system many times did not have integrity, i.e. a
change made in the file in one department might not be made in the file in
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 another department. As one might expect, these can cause serious problems
and conflict when data is used for important decision affecting both
departments.
The advantages enumerated above, by (Vossen S. 1991);
a. Standard/access protocols can be enforced.
b. Currency of data can be maintained.
c. Data/program independent can be maintained.
d. Conflicting requirement can be balanced among users.
In these days of integrated networks, the database appeared as the most
logical method for organizing the operational data of large organizations. One may
as well say that these advantages give the database the attraction over the
traditional file processing method.
2. 4 TYPES OF DATABASE
• Hierarchical database
• Relational database
• Operational database
• Distributed database
• Analytical database
• Real-time database
Relational Database
A relational database is a collection of data items organized as a set of
formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many
different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. The relational was
invented by (Codd E.F. at IBM in 1990). A relational database is a powerful tool
which can help you store and manage large amount of information of various
kinds. Databases enable you to organize and reorganize information, quickly and

11
flexibly retrieve information, and print quite a variety of reports. The beauty of a
relational database system is that you can store related data in separate tables. Then
through defining relationships between the tables you can retrieve the information
in the tables to use for making queries and writing reports. The four main elements
of a relational database include
• tables: for storing data
• forms: for entering and viewing data on the screen
• queries: for extracting specific information from the data (asking questions)
• reports: for printing query results
2.5 Advantages of database
(1) Reduces the amount of data duplication which occurs using conventional file
structures.
(2) Provides fast and flexible access to information.
(3) Improves consistency of data stored.
(4) Provides both data and program independence.
(5) Encourages integration of functional areas in an organization.
(6) Avoids duplicating input data to update multiple functionally independent files
holding the same data.
(7) Reduces processing for retrospective changes

2.6 Disadvantages of database

(1) Takes a long time to design and implement.
(2) Cost more than conventional systems.
(3)Require high caliber, experienced and specialized personnel.
(4) Require expense hardware and software.
(5) Recovery is more difficult in case of damage.

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2.6.1 Database Recovery Process
Reconstructing the contents of all or part of a database from a backup
typically involves two phases (Popoola S.O. 2000). The rollback and recovery
method. Data is recovered by using the rollback method of data recovery. To
restore a data file or control file from backup is to retrieve the file onto disk from a
backup location on tape, disk or other media, and make it available to the database
server. To recover a whole database is to perform recovery on each of its data files,
this is also known as a rollback process.

2.6.2 Database administrator

Database administrator is responsible for the performance, integrity, and security
of a database. They will also be involved in the planning and development of the
database as well as troubleshooting any issues on behalf the user. A database
administrator makes sure that the database has the following qualities:
• Data remains consistent across the database
• Data is clearly defined
• User accessed data concurrently in a form that suit their needs
• There is provision for data security and recovery control
2.6.3 Responsibilities of database administrator
• Establishing the needs of users and monitoring user access and security
• Monitoring performance and managing parameters to provide fast responses
to front end users.
• Mapping out the conceptual design for a planned database.
• Considering both back end organization of data and front end accessibility
for end users.

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 • Refining the logical design so that it can be translated into specific data
model.
• Further refining the physical design to meet system storage requirements.
• Installing and testing new versions of the DBMS.
• Capacity planning.
• Controlling access permissions and privileges.
Managing a database
• Managing a data base primarily involves the following six tasks
• 1. Add new data to the database
• 2. Sort the database into some meaningful order
• 3. Search the database for types of information
• 4. Print data from our database onto formatted reports
• 5. Edit data on the database
• 6. Delete data from the database.
2.6.4 Database Management Systems
DBMS is the computer program designed to manage a database, a large set
of structured data and run operation on the data requested by numerous users.
Typical examples of DBMS include accounting, human resources and customer’s
support system. Originally found only in large companies with the computer
hardware needed to support large data sets, database management systems have
more recently emerge as a fairly standard part of any company. Databases are
collections of interrelated data of such a nature that the collections can be
represented as a number of files but not a single file. Depending on the Database
Management System (DBMS) used, these files may be integrated permanently into
a single connected structure or integrated temporarily for each interrogation,
known as a query (Garcia M. 2008).

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 However, Computers permit the collection and aggregation of statistical
information which would be time consuming, if not impossible to assemble from
manual systems. Database management system is a set of software that is used to
define, store, manipulate and control the data in the database. A database provides
integrated and structured collection of stored operational data which can be used or
shared by application systems. The advanced database technology along with
internet has proved faster communication and worldwide connectivity (White I.
2004).
2.6.5 Components of a Database Management System
(Clifton E.B. 1983) explains that DBMS engine accepts logical request from
the various other DBMS subsystems, and it converts them into physical equivalent,
and actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage
device. He further stated that the Data Definition Subsystem helps user to create
and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database.
Data Manipulation Subsystem helps users to add, change, and delete information in
a database and query it for valuable information (Solomon M. 2010). Software
tools within the data manipulation subsystem are most often the primary
interface between user and the information contained in a database. It allows user
to specify its logical information requirements. Application Generation Subsystem
contains facilities to help users to develop transactions-intensive applications
(Nwankwo J.I. 1982). It usually requires that user perform a detailed series of tasks
to process a transaction. It facilities easy-to-use data entry screens, programming
languages, and interfaces. Data Administration Subsystem helps users to manage
the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery,
security management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change
management.

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16
 CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents methodology describing how the study was conducted.
It includes; general analysis of existing system, method of data collection, problem
of the current system, justification for the new system.
3.2 General Analysis of Existing System
When a student is about to graduate, he/she will take his/her degree exam
after which he obtain clearance letter from various departments and unions that he
is a student of such department and union. The registrar office carefully reviews
each degree candidate academic records and certificate to faculty that the candidate
has completed his requirement for the degree. Also the bursary has to certify that
the student records are in the school and is involved in all application processes of
the school.
The current application system of the university is a manual one. These
make the system tedious and time consuming. Here, student has to full a form for
them to sign, once this forms are sign, it prove that the student has successfully
applied, the process take some months to be completed and processes a lot of stress
to both staffs and the student involved. In the manual system, the application forms
are documented in a file cabinet. Each time the form is needed, a search operation
is conducted on the file cabinet to locate a particular student application form.
3.3 Method of Data Collection
During this project research work, data needed for the project was gathered
from the various sources. In gathering and collecting necessary data and
information needed from the system analyses, two major fact-finding techniques
were used in this work and there are:

17
a. Primary Source:
This refers to the source of collecting original data in which the researcher
made use of empirical approach such as personal interview and questionnaires
b. Secondary Source:
The secondary data were obtained by the researcher from magazine, journal,
newspaper, library source and internet downloads. The data collected from this
means have been covered in literature review in the chapter two.
3.3.1 Oral interview
This was done between the researchers and the staff of the Federal College
of Education, Yola. Also various departmental heads were interviewed reliable
facts were got based on the questions posed to the staffs by the researchers.

3.3.2 Study of Manual.

Manuals and report based on admission system were studied and a lot of
information concerning the system in question was obtained. The admission
system was gathered and information relating to students admission system and
other requirement were also obtained.
3.3.3 Evaluation of Forum.
Some forums that are necessary and available were accessed. These included
application form, fee receipt, registration forms etc. this forms help in the design of
the new system.
3.4 Problem of the Current System
Due to the manual means been used by the university, keeping information
about student application, a lot problems are encountered which includes:
a. Delay in processing admission

18
b. Unavailability of some key staffs while processing application form, which leads
student repeatedly visiting a particular office in other to collect his/her application
form, before filling it and proceeding for signing.
c. Lose of vital document as the filing system is manual.
d. Damage of document due to fire or rain incident.
e. Illegal removal of forms by fraudulent staff leading to insecurity.
f. Take a lot of time to retrieve a particular application form.
3.5 Justification for the New System
The new system is designed to solve problem affecting the manual system in
use. It is design to be used in a database format thereby relieving both student and
staff from much stress as experienced from the manual system.
This will do the analyzing and storing of information either automatically or
interactively. The proposed system will also have some other features like;
Accuracy in handling of data, Fast rate of operation and excellent response time,
Flexibility (i.e.) it can be accessed at any time, Easy way of back up or duplicating
data in diskette in case of data loss, Better storage and faster retrieval system and
Accessibility from any part of the world.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Design Standards
The major factor taken into consideration in the design of the new system is
the issue of storing and ordering for data/information in an electronically format.
This new system is structured to work with the standard software development
procedure. In order to achieve effective student’sadmission system, Structured
System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) were used. This is because
SSADM is an internationally accepted software engineering model mainly used in
most result oriented analysis and design.
4.2 Output Specification and Design
The sequence of the report is one of the important features that should be
concluded. This is emphasized because it forms the basis of the school effective
well document up-to-date and formatted output to help as a tool in planning and
decision making/based on the student application form.
There method of generating reports in the new package.
Hardcopy- This is a process of printing from the printer to paper, and
Softcopy- It is the process of displaying an output on the computer screen

4.3 Input Specification and Design

It is also necessary to denote that data inputted in the computer for
processing determines what the output will be. Screen designs are generally or
basically made for data entry or capture. Since data are captured from a hardcopy
form, the sequence of data capture should be identical to the hardcopy form made
for data collection.

20
 The new system is composing mainly of two forms of input form, is Student
Application Form
4.4 File Design
The file used in the design is stored in a database file. The database is
created using Microsoft Access database. The database structure is as follows.
4.4.1 Student Application Database Structure
Field Name Data Type Field Size
Registration No VARCHAR 30
Full Name VARCHAR 50
Nationality VARCHAR 30
State of Origin VARCHAR 20
Marital Status VARCHAR 20
LGA VARCHAR 20
Date of Birth Integer 8
Gender VARCHAR 10
Department VARCHAR 20
Duration of course Integer 2
Contact Address VARCHAR 50
Telephone Integer 11
Health status VARCHAR 20
Sponsors name VARCHAR 20
Parents name VARCHAR 20
Expected year if graduation Integer 20
Table 4.1 student registration database structure

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Application Page

4.5 System Requirement

The requirement needed to implement this system is as follows:
4.5.1 Hardware Requirement
For the effective operation of the newly designed system, the following
minimum hardware specifications are recommended.
a. The computer system in use should be IBM compatible since they are
considered clone system.
b. The Random Access Memory (RAM) should be at least 128KB.

22
c. The system should have a hard disk of at least 50GB and at least a diskette drive
of high density of 1.44MB (3.5 inches)
d. The system should be equipped with an E.G.A/V.G.A, a colored monitor
e. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units.
These listed configurations are the minimum requirement but if the
configurations are higher the report derived will definitely be better and the
program will run much faster.
4.5.2 Software Requirement
The software specification required on the computer system are; window XP
or higher version for faster processing and working Microsoft Office Access
installed and ready.
4.5.3 Operational Requirement
For the new system to be operational, Microsoft Access is needed in the
computer.
4.5.4 Personnel Requirement: A computer system with access on it.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
The use of computer based admission system forms the basis of the school
management decision. It aims at providing the management with adequate,
effective, well documented up-to-date and formatted output. To help as a tool in
planning and decision making/based on the students admission system.
The lack of learner outcome variation of the system signals the
establishment of concurrency between the two measures even though they are
measures of same construct. This investigation supports the use the system
delivery structure to broaden the instruction audience in technology education
program.
The use of students admission system in technology education at higher
institutions remain at the minimal level as suggested by the 80 percent of the
student participant, predominantly technology education measures who report that
they have not done computer base system application previously. Also 75 percent
of student participant report that they have not used computer software base
application system previously. Having come to completion of this project work a
lot of achievement was made and they include;
1. The replacement of error prone manual system with new automated student
application system.
2. Data can now be processed with great speed and efficiency.
3. Ability to update record in various files automatically thereby relieving the
college staff the stress from working from file to file.
4. The security of data is ensured.
5. The use of database was implemented.

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5.2 Conclusion
Research and development are continuous processes; this is same in
computer and software development. However the effectiveness and efficiency of
this new system provide room for further improvement. As early mentioned some
of the objectives of this project were not actualized due to some limitation. So this
objectives could be improved upon, the outline admission system developed will
offer greater opportunity in school management. All records with regards to
student’s application can be carried out on the computer.
5.3 Recommendation
The research work carried out is limited to students admission system only.
It would be better if a full portal is developed for effective and wholesome of
information management technology in our higher institutions. When this is done
the following modules are recommended to include in the portal.
1. Developing an online student’s admission system to enable full tracking of
student records.
2. Automation of student academic record to enable the management to have
access to student academic performance.
3. Maintaining a central database for accessing information relating to student.

25
 REFERENCES

Anigbogu G. (2000). Systematic planning for educational change. California:

Mayfield publishing company.

Chimezie F. (2000). “Use of local area network in school. ERIC Digest” Syracus,
NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on information resources.

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