DESIGN OF ELASTOMERIC BEARING
(FOR EFFECTIVE SPAN OF 20.95m)
DESIGN OF ELASTOMERIC BEARING
Basic features of superstructure
Span c/c of brg. = 20.950 m
Span c/c of exp. Joint = 22.650 m
Total deck width = 15.800 m
Depth of superstructure = 1.870 m
Nos. of brg per span = 12
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 12.0E-06 /o C
Temparature Variation (T) = 40 /o C
Material Specifications:
2
Shear modulus of elastomeric bearing, G = 0.9 N/mm
2
Bulk modulus of the elastomeric bearing, Eb = 2000 N/mm
Adhesion strength of elastomer to steel plate (min) = 7 kN/m
2
Yield stress of the laminate, fy = 250 N/mm
Dimensions of the bearing :
Dimension of the bearing in T-T dir (perpendicular to traffic), b = 480 mm
Dimension of the bearing in L-L dir (parallel to traffic), a = 370 mm
Side cover for laminates = 4 mm
Thickness of internal layers of elastomer = 12 mm
Thickness of external layer of elastomer = 6 mm
No. of rows of elastomer = 6
Thickness of reinforcing plate = 4 mm
Total thickness of bearing = 112 mm
Total thickness of elastomer = 84 mm
Summary of Checks:
Total design strain = 3.93 < 7 , OK
min. plate thickness required = 1.56 < 4 , OK
limiting rotation = OK
Buckling stability = OK
Non sliding condition = OK
Shear Rating = 1373.01 N/m
Calculation of Rotation
Grade of concrete for superstructure = M45
For simply supported span it may be computed as
ad = 400 Mmax. L x 10^-3
(E I)
Es = 2.0E+11 N/m2
Ec = 3.40E+10 N/m2 For transient load
E = Ec / 2 = 1.70E+10 N/m2 For permanent load
S. No. Load case Load factor Mmax. E I L ad
(Nm) (N/m2) ( m^4) (m)
1 DL 1.35 1676000 1.70E+10 0.215 20.950 0.0052
2 SIDL1 1.35 1560000 3.40E+10 0.475 20.950 0.0011
3 SIDL2 1.75 40000 3.40E+10 0.475 20.950 0.0000
4 F.P.L.L 1.5 400000 3.40E+10 0.475 20.950 0.0003
5 CWLL 1.5 200000 3.40E+10 0.475 20.950 0.0002
Total 0.0068
Design Rotation = 0.0068 = 0.0068 (say)
angular rotation in both direction = 0.0068
Seismic Coefficient Calculation :
Zone factor, Z = 0.1 (ZONE II)
Importance factor, I = 1.2
Response reduction factor, R = 1.0
Acceleration coefficient, Sa/g = 2.5
Hence, Ah = 0.15
CHARACTERISTIC LOADS from superstructure analysis
Bearing SIDL2-
DL SIDL1 FPLL LL(Max) LL(Min) Total(Max) Total(Min)
Number surfacing
1 358.00 350 5 80.0 65.0 12 858.00 805.00
2 380.00 75.0 55 15.0 415.0 45 940.00 570.00
3 380.00 -18.0 66 -4.0 357.0 65 781.00 489.00
4 380.00 -15.0 65 -2.0 120.0 43.00 548.00 471.00
5 380.00 140 61 -0.5 0.0 7.00 580.50 587.50
6 358.00 340 44 0.0 0.0 -8.00 742.00 734.00
Max working vertical load Fz max = 940.00 kN
Corresponding Min design vertical load Fz min = 570.00 kN
Load DL SIDL1 SIDL2 LL
Load factor 1.35 1.35 1.75 1.5
ULS LOAD
Bearing DL SIDL1 SIDL2 FPLL LL(Max) LL(Min) Total(Max) Total(Min)
1 483.30 472.50 8.75 120.00 97.50 18.00 1182.05 1102.55
2 513.00 101.25 96.25 22.50 622.50 90.00 1355.50 823.00
3 513.00 -24.30 115.50 -6.00 535.50 97.50 1133.70 695.70
4 513.00 -20.25 113.75 -3.00 180.00 64.50 783.50 668.00
5 513.00 189.00 106.75 -0.75 0.00 10.50 808.00 818.50
6 483.30 459.00 77.00 0.00 0.00 -12.00 1019.30 1007.30
Impact Factor = 1.17
Max design vertical load Fz,d max = 1355.50 kN
Corresponding Min design vertical load Fz,d min = 823.00 kN
HORIZONTAL LOAD:
Normal Case:
Total braking force = (0.2* 1000+0.05*500)*1.5 = 337.5 kN
No of bearings resisting = 12
Horizontal load in L-L direction per bearing = 28.125 kN
Seismic Case:
Vertical load support DL+SIDL1+SIDL2 = 733.00 kN
Max Live load on the structure LL/5 = 287.10 kN
L-L Direction
EQ force on the structure in L-L direction = 109.950 kN
EQ effect on LL in L-L direction = 0 kN
Force per bearing in L-L direction = 109.950 kN
T-T Direction
EQ force on the structure in T-T direction = 109.950 kN
EQ effect on LL in T-T direction = 7.178 kN
Force per bearing in T-T direction = 117.128 kN
Longitudinal Seismic Case:
Force per bearing in L-L dir = 109.950 kN
30% of force in T-T dir per bearing = 35.138 kN
Transverse Seismic Case: Maximum vertical load case
Force per bearing in T-T dir = 117.128 kN
30% of force in L-L dir per bearing = 32.985 kN
Transverse Seismic Case: Minimum vertical load case
Force per bearing in T-T dir = 109.590 kN
30% of force in L-L dir per bearing = 32.877 kN
Shape factor
Shape factor for laminated bearings, S =
Effective dimension of the bearing in T-T dir, b' = 472 mm
Effective dimension of the bearing in L-L dir, a' = 362 mm
2
Effective plan area of the bearing, A1 = 170864 mm
Force-free perimeter of the bearing, lp = 1668 mm
Effective thickness of individual layer of elastomer in compression = 12 mm
Shape factor, S = 8.54
Shape factor for the thickest layer, S1 = 8.54
Working Load :
Maximum vertical load on the bearing Fz max = 940.000 kN
Minimum vertical load on the bearing Fz min = 570.000 kN
Design Loads :
Maximum vertical load on the bearing Fz,d max = 1355.500 kN
Minimum vertical load on the bearing Fz,d min = 823.000 kN
Normal Transverse Seismic
Horiz. Load per Longitudinal Seismic Transverse Seismic Max
Case Min. reaction Case
bearing (kN) Case (kN) reaction Case (kN)
(kN) (kN)
L-L dir 28.125 109.950 32.985 32.877
T-T dir 0 35.138 117.128 109.590
Resultant 28.125 115.428 121.683 114.415
Check for Maximum design strain:
et,d = KL ( ec,d + eq,d + ea,d ) < eu,d
where,
et,d = total design strain in the bearing
ec,d = design strain due to compressive design loads
eq,d = design shear strain due to design translatory movements
ea,d = design strain due to design angular rotation
eu,d = eu,k / ym = ultimate design strain = 7/1.0 = 7
Calculation for strain due to compressive loads: Clause 5.2.3.2 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2015
ec,d = 1.5 Fz,d / ( G. Ar. S )
Fz,d = Vertical design force on the bearing, = 1355.500 kN
2
G = Shear modulus of elastomeric bearing = 0.9 N/mm
Ar = Reduced effective plan area of the bearing = A1 ( 1 - vx,d/a' - v y,d/b')
Calculation for v x,d:
Vxd = V1+V2+V3 where V1 is the displacement due to temperature load, V2 is due to horizontal force for
normal case and V3 is for seismic case.
Due to temparature load
V1 = α*L*T/2
α = 0.000012 /°c
L = 22.65 m
T = 40 °c
V1 = 5.436 mm
Due to Horizontal force For Normal Case
V2 = F*Tq/(G*a'*b')
F = Horizontal Force = 28.13 kN
Tq = Total thick. of elastomer including top and bottom cover = 84 mm
G = 0.9 N/mm2
a' = 472 mm
b' = 362 mm
V2 = 15.36 mm
Due to Horizontal force in Longitudinal Seismic Case
V3 = F*Tq/(G*a'*b')
F = 109.95 kN
V3 = 60.06 mm
Vxd = 80.86 mm
Calculation for v y,d:
Vyd = V1+V2+V3 where V1 is the displacement due to temperature load, V2 is due to horizontal force for
normal case and V3 is for seismic case.
Due to temparature load
V1 = α*B*T/2
α = 12.0E-06 /°c
B = 15.8 m
T = 40 °c
V1 = 3.792 mm
Due to Horizontal force For Normal Case
V2 = F*Tq/(G*a'*b')
F = 0.00 kN
Tq = 84 mm
G = 0.9 N/mm2
a' = 472 mm
b' = 362 mm
V2 = 0.00 mm
Due to Horizontal force in Transverse Seismic Case
V3 = F*Tq/(G*a'*b')
F = 117.13 kN
V3 = 63.98 mm
Vyd = 67.77 mm
Max. horizontal displacement of parts of = 80.86 mm
the bearing in L-L dir, Vxd
Max. horizontal displacement of parts of = 67.77 mm
the bearing in T-T dir, Vyd
Ar = 1.08E+05 mm2
ec,d = 2.45
Calculation for strain due to translatory movements: Clause 5.2.3.3 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2015
eq,d = vxy,d /Tq
vxy,d = Max resultant horizontal relative displacement of parts = 80.86 mm
Tq = Total thick. of elastomer including top and bottom cover = 84.00 mm
eq,d = 0.96 OK
Calculation for strain due to angular rotations: Clause 5.2.3.4 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2015
2 2 3
ea,d =( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d) ti / ( 2 S(ti ) )
αa,d = 0.0068 rad
αb,d = 0.0001 rad
ea,d = 0.52
Total design strain , et,d = 3.93 < 7 OK
Check for minimum reinforcing plate thickness: Clause 5.2.3.5 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2015
ts = Kp. Fz,d . ( t1 + t2).Kh. gm / (Ar. fy )
where,
Fz,d maximum vertical force = 1355.500 KN
Ar = 1.08E+05 mm2
2
fy = 250.00 N/mm
t1 & t2 - thickness of elastomer on either side of the plate = 12 mm
gm - factor for induced tensile stresses = 1.0
Kp - stress correction factor = 1.3
Kh = 1 without hole
ts = Minimum thickness of plate = 1.56 < 4 OK
LIMITING CONDITIONS: Clause 5.2.3.6 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2015
Rotational limitation condition:
Svz,d - ( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d)/Kr,d ≥ 0
where,
2
Svz,d = total vertical deflection = S ( Fzd. ti / A1) (1 / 5. G. S1 + 1/Eb)
vertical force Fzd = 1355.500 kN
summation of elastomer ti = 84 mm
2
effective plan area A1 = 170864 mm
shear modulus G = 0.9 N/mm2
shape factor S1 = 8.54
bulk density Eb = 2000 N/mm2
Svz,d = total vertical deflecton of bearing = 2.365 mm
a' = 362 mm
b' = 472 mm
αa,d = 0.0067837
αb,d = 6.784E-05
Rotation factor = Kr,d = 3
( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d) / Kr,d = 0.83 mm
Svz,d - ( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d)/Kr,d = 2.365 - 0.83 = 1.536 OK
Buckling Stability (ULS):
the pressure Fz,d/Ar shall satisfy the following expression
Fz,d/Ar < 2. a'. G. S1/3. Te
2
Fz,d/Ar = 12.53 N/mm
2
2. a'. G. S1/3. Te = 22.07 N/mm
expression 12.53 < 22.07 OK
Non sliding condition (ULS)
Fxy,d ≤ me. Fz,dmin
where,
Fxy,d = Resultant of all the horizontal forces = 114.42 kN
Fz,dmin = Minimum vertical design force = 823.00 kN
2
Ar = = 1.08E+05 mm
2
sm = Fz,dmin/Ar = 7.61 N/mm
Kf = 0.20
me = 0.1+1.5 Kf / sm = 0.14
me. Fz,dmin = 114.750 kN
114.42 < 114.75 kN OK
Shear Rating
Vr = G*A1/Tb = 1373.01 N/m
