After arriving in Washington D.C.
, Rita's aunt asks her some questions about the flight from
Mexico. Fill in the gaps to complete the conversation.
Rita's aunt: How was your flight?
Rita: Oh you know, it's my first time so I was .
Rita's aunt: Was immigration OK?
Rita: Well I checked I had everything: my , my ticket, and
the form. The immigration officer was very patient and repeated the
questions .
Rita's aunt: I'm happy to hear it went well. Let me take your suitcase.
Rita's Trip Abroad
"Ladies and gentlemen, our flight is arriving shortly in Washington, D.C." Rita was
looking out the window. Around her people were talking excitedly. Rita was
nervous. It was not only her first time abroad, but it was also her first time outside
her small village in Mexico. She was visiting her aunt and uncle for the
summer. She couldn't wait to go sightseeing. But she was a
little worried about her English. She knew some English from school, and she hoped
it was good enough.
"Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the capital of the United States."
Rita checked to make sure she had everything: her passport, the
immigration form, and her round-trip ticket. She followed the people out of the
plane. She waited with the other foreigners while the immigration officials asked
each person many questions. Rita was nervous, but the immigration officer
patiently repeated each question slowly and clearly.
Rita found her suitcase, and started walking toward the exit. Many people were
waiting outside. She was looking around, when she suddenly heard someone
shout her name.
"Rita! Rita!" It was her aunt and uncle!
"We're so happy you're here!"
Rita smiled. She knew that she was going to have a good time that summer in
America.
See Explanation
ADVERBS: FORMATION
Most adverbs are formed by adding "-ly" to the end of an adjective:
clear/clearly,
wonderful/wonderfully,
clever/cleverly,
stupid/stupidly,
interesting/interestingly,
close/closely,
dangerous/dangerously,
bad/badly.
If an adjective already ends in "-ly" (e.g. FRIENDLY, LONELY) it cannot be
made into an adverb. In this case, we have to make an adverbial phrase.
EXAMPLES:
"She spoke to me in a friendly way."
"He sat there looking lonely."
In a few cases, the adverb is exactly the same as its corresponding adjective:
EARLY, LATE, FAST, HARD, LEFT, RIGHT, WRONG, HIGH, LONG.
EXAMPLES:
"I'm afraid the train will leave late."
"He runs very fast."
"Why do you work so hard?"
"Turn right at the next corner!"
The adverb form of the adjective GOOD is WELL.
"Michael is a very good cook. He makes cakes particularly well."
See Explanation
FUTURE: WILL and GOING TOWILL
USE:
WILL is used to express a subjective opinion, or to express a decision, a
promise, a belief, or a threat, etc. about the future. This is why WILL often
follows expressions like "I hope...", "Do you think...", etc.
EXAMPLE:
"Do you think she will like these flowers?"
FORM:
Affirmative: [SUBJECT + WILL + VERB...]
NOTE: We often shorten WILL to "-'ll" and pronounce it together with the
subject.
EXAMPLE:
"I think he will (he'll) fix the car tomorrow."
Negative: [SUBJECT + WILL + NOT + VERB...]
NOTE: We often shorten WILL NOT to "WON'T".
EXAMPLE:
"I'm afraid we won't finish the job today."
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
YES/NO QUESTIONS
USE:
In the interrogative form, WILL often introduces a request.
FORM:
[Q: WILL + SUBJECT + VERB...?]
[A: Yes, + SUBJECT + WILL
No, + SUBJECT + WILL NOT(WON'T).]
EXAMPLES:
"Will you open the window, please?"
"Yes, of course I will."
"Will you buy me an ice cream, please?"
"No, I won't!"
WH-QUESTIONS
FORM:
Questions about the subject of the sentence:
[Q: WHO/WHAT + WILL + VERB...?]
EXAMPLE:
"Who'll be there tonight?"
"Liz will go for sure. And maybe Tom will be there too."
Questions about the rest of the sentence:
[Q: Wh-word + WILL + SUBJECT + VERB...?]
EXAMPLE:
"When will we get home tonight?"
"I think we'll get home at around 10."
GOING TO
USE:
GOING TO is used to talk about definite, objective facts and plans in the future.
EXAMPLE:
"Look at those clouds! It's going to rain!"
FORM:
AFFIRMATIVE
[SUBJECT + BE + GOING TO + VERB...]
EXAMPLES:
"I'm going to study Chinese History next semester."
"Look out! That car's going to hit us!"
NEGATIVE
[SUBJECT + BE + NOT + GOING TO + VERB...]
EXAMPLES:
"We aren't going to make a profit this year."
"I know I'm not going to pass this exam!"
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
YES/NO QUESTIONS
[Q: BE + SUBJECT + GOING TO + VERB...?]
[A: Yes, + SUBJECT (pronoun) + BE.]
or:
[No, + SUBJECT (pronoun) + BE + NOT.]
EXAMPLE:
"Is this train going to arrive on time?"
"No, it isn't. It's going to be late."
WH-QUESTIONS
Questions about the subject of the sentence:
[Q: WHO/WHAT + BE + GOING TO + VERB...]
EXAMPLE:
"Who's going to finish this?"
"I am."
Questions about the rest of the sentence:
[Q: WH-WORD + BE + SUBJECT + GOING TO + VERB...?]
[A: Affirmative sentence with GOING TO.]
EXAMPLE:
"Who are you going to vote for?"
"I'm going to vote for Tom Baxter."
NOTE: We often find both WILL and GOING TO in the same conversation.In the
following dialogue, the patient wants a definite answer to his question,but the
nurse replies with only a promise:
"Is this injection going to hurt?"
"Don't worry, it will only hurt a little and it won't take long!"
See Explanation
FUTURE: SIMPLE PRESENT
USE:
We sometimes use the Simple Present to talk about 'definite' future actions and
events that are already fixed or arranged on an official timetable.
EXAMPLES:
"The President leaves for Japan on Monday."
"When does the next bus arrive?"
Narrator: Here we are with another episode of "Hospital Adventures." You'll
remember that last time, Chad was in an accident. He was walking
home from work. He wasn't looking where he was going, and he fell
down and hit his head. Now, he's in the hospital and doesn't
remember who he is.
Friend: Oh, Morgan, I came as soon as I heard! How is he?
Morgan: He's still sleeping. The nurse just took his temperature. He has a
fever.
Friend: Look! He's getting up!
Chad: What a headache! Where am I? Who am I? Who are you?
Morgan: Chad, it's me, Morgan, your wife. Don't you remember?
Friend: Here comes the doctor.
Morgan: Doctor, I'm so worried. What are we going to do?
Doctor: You must relax. It is important to stay calm. It seems that we'll have
to operate.
Morgan: Oh, no!
Friend: Oh, no!
Chad: Oh, no!
Narrator: Will Chad get well? Will he get back his memory? Does he have
health insurance? Tune in tomorrow for the next episode of "Hospital
Adventures.
