International Journal Of Applied Research In Science And Engineering

Volume 1, Issue 6, October-2016 ISSN: 2456-124X

INNOVATIVE CONGESTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR

AMBULANCE USING ZIGBEE
Kondu Varun Kumar1, Kishore Babu2
1
M.Tech, Department of ES, Aurobindo Institute of Engineering and Technology
2
Associate Professor, Department of ES, Aurobindo Institute of Engineering and Technology

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this project is to develop added to the basic software in a second process, after which
an embedded system which detects the ambulance entry it is not possible to make further changes. The applications
near the traffic junctions using ZIGBEE. This project is software on such processors is sometimes referred to as
implemented on 8051 based AT89S52 developed board firmware. The simplest devices consist of a single
interfaced with traffic indication LED’s, ZIGBEE wireless microprocessor (often called a chip), which may itself be
transceivers. The main objective of this project is to develop packaged with other chips in a hybrid system or Application
an embedded system which detects the ambulance entry Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Its input comes from a
near the traffic junctions using ZIGBEE. The system detector or sensor and its output goes to a switch or activator
comprises of two boards one act as the transmitter board which (for example) may start or stop the operation of a
and other as the receiver board. The transmitter board is machine or, by operating a valve, may control the flow of
arranged in the ambulance through ZIGBEE. The receiver fuel to an engine. As the embedded system is the
board is interfaced with ZIGBEE and a buzzer along with combination of both software and hardware. Software deals
the traffic lights at the junction. Whenever transmitter with the languages like ALP, C, and VB etc., and Hardware
comes near the receiver it automatically gives buzzer and a deals with Processors, Peripherals, and Memory.
direct pass through signal for the ambulance. The system ZIGBEE Technology
uses a compact circuitry built around Flash version of Zig-bee
AT89S52 microcontroller with a non-volatile memory
capable of retaining the password data for over ten years.
Programs are developed in embedded C. ISP is used to
dump the code into the microcontroller. This project uses
regulated 5V, 750mA power supply. 7805 three terminal
voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type
full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of
secondary of 230/18V step down transformer

INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is a system which does a predefined Zig-bee is a specification for a suite of high level
specified task and is even defined as combination of both communication protocols using small, low-power digital
software and hardware. A general-purpose definition of radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4,2006 standard for
embedded systems is that they are devices used to control, wireless personal area networks (WPANs),
monitor or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via
plant. "Embedded" reflects the fact that they are an integral short-range radio. The technology defined by the Zig-bee
part of the system. At the other extreme a general-purpose specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive
computer may be used to control the operation of a large than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. Zig-bee is targeted at
complex processing plant, and its presence will be obvious. radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data
All embedded systems are including computers or rate, long battery life, and secure networking.
microprocessors. Some of these computers are however very Zig-bee is a low data rate, two-way standard for home
simple systems as compared with a personal computer. The automation and data networks. The standard specification for
very simplest embedded systems are capable of performing up to 254 nodes including one master, managed from a
only a single function or set of functions to meet a single single remote control. Real usage examples of Zig-bee
predetermined purpose. In more complex systems an includes home automation tasks such as turning lights on,
application program that enables the embedded system to be setting the home security system, or starting the VCR. With
used for a particular purpose in a specific application Zig-bee all these tasks can be done from anywhere in the
determines the functioning of the embedded system. The home at the touch of a button. Zig-bee also allows for dial-in
ability to have programs means that the same embedded access via the Internet for automation control.
system can be used for a variety of different purposes. In Zig-bee protocol is optimized for very long battery life
some cases a microprocessor may be designed in such a way measured in months to years from inexpensive, off-the-shelf
that application software for a particular purpose can be non-rechargeable batteries, and can control lighting, air

Copyright 2016.All rights reserved. 308

International Journal Of Applied Research In Science And Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 6, October-2016 ISSN: 2456-124X

conditioning and heating, smoke and fire alarms, and other Bluetooth’s protocol is more complex since it is geared
security devices. The standard supports 2.4 GHz towards handling voice, images and file transfers in ad hoc
(worldwide), 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (Americas) networks. Bluetooth devices can support scatter nets of
unlicensed radio bands with range up to 100 meters. multiple smaller non-synchronized networks (piconets). It
IEEE 802.15.4 only allows up to 8 slave nodes in a basic master-slave
IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the physical piconet set-up.
layer and medium access control for low-rate wireless When ZigBee node is powered down, it can wake up and get
personal area networks (LR-WPAN's).This standard was a packet in around 15 msec whereas Bluetooth device would
chartered to investigate a low data rate solution with multi- take around 3sec to wake up and respond.
month to multi-year battery life and very low complexity. It PHYSICAL LAYER
is operating in an unlicensed, international frequency band. The physical layer was designed to accommodate the need
Potential applications are sensors, interactive toys, smart for a low cost yet allowing for high levels of integration.
badges, remote controls, and home automation. The use of direct sequence allows the analog circuitry to be
802.15.4 Is part of the 802.15 wireless personal-area network very simple and
efforts at the IEEE? It is a simple packet-based radio protocol The PHY provides two services: the PHY data service and
aimed at very low-cost, battery-operated widgets and sensors PHY management service interfacing to the physical layer
(whose batteries last years, not hours) that can management entity (PLME). The PHY data service enables
intercommunicate and send low-bandwidth data to a the transmission and reception of PHY protocol data units
centralized device. (PPDU) across the physical radio channel. The features of
As of 2007, the current version of the standard is the 2006 the PHY are activation and deactivation of the radio
revision. It is maintained by the IEEE 802.15 working group. transceiver, energy detection(ED), link quality indication
It is the basis for the Zig-bee specification, which further (LQI), channel selection, clear channel assessment (CCA)
attempts to offer a complete networking solution by and transmitting as well as receiving packets across the
developing the upper layers which are not covered by the physical medium. The standard offers two PHY options
standard. based on the frequency band. Both are based on direct
ZIGBEE PROTOCOL STACK sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). The data rate is 250kbps
at 2.4GHz, 40kbps at 915MHz and 20kbps at 868MHz. The
higher data rate at 2.4GHz is attributed to a higher-order
modulation scheme. Lower frequency provide longer range
due to lower propagation losses. Low rate can be translated
into better sensitivity and larger coverage area. Higher rate
means higher throughput, Lower latency or lower duty cycle.
There is a single channel between 868 and 868.6MHz, 10
channels between 902.0 and 928.0MHz, and 16 channels
between 2.4 and 2.4835GHz.

MAC LAYER
The media access control (MAC) layer was designed to
allow multiple topologies without complexity. The power
management operation doesn’t require multiple modes of
operation. The MAC allows a reduced functionality device
(RFD) that needn’t have flash nor large amounts of ROM or
RAM. The MAC was designed to handle large numbers of
devices without requiring them to be “parked”.
ZigBee Stack System
Zigbee vs. Bluetooth CONCLUSION
Zigbee looks rather like Bluetooth but is simpler, has a lower Our project “Innovative congestion control system” can be
data rate and spends most of its time snoozing. This extended by adding sensors to detect emergency vehicles and
characteristic means that a node on a Zigbee network should automatically turn on the green light in his way.This project
be able to run for six months to two years on just two AA can be extended by using GPRS and 4G technologies.
batteries. The operational range of Zigbee is 10-75m Through GPRS, we can monitor the area or road which has
compared to 10m for Bluetooth (without a power amplifier). heavy traffic and letting him allow to less traffic junction.
ZigBee sits below Bluetooth in terms of data rate. The data
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International Journal Of Applied Research In Science And Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 6, October-2016 ISSN: 2456-124X

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