Brief Analysis of Waste Paper Pulp Processing

What is the waste paper pulp? The waste paper pulp means the used waste paper or
slitting deckle edge of printing house is treated by bleaching or deinking with the paper
pulper machines. The fiber strength and property of waste paper are decided by the types of
paper pulp. Due to the fiber is corroded again by the chemical liquor or damaged by the
mechanical force, so the fiber of waste paper pulp is worse than before. According to the
quality of waste paper pulp’s raw materials, the waste paper pulp can be applied to
manufacturing printing paper, writing paper, paperboard or cheap paper. The waste paper
pulp is a typical pattern of secondary fiber. It is friendly, ecological and sustainable.
Compared to other kinds of paper pulp, waste paper pulp saves amount of wood. In addition
to, waste paper pulp also has features of low cost, low energy consumption and low loadings
of pollutant.

Process of waste paper pulp

The process of waste paper pulping can be simply summed up into 7 steps, including
sorting, repulping, filtration, deslagging, fiber separation and knead, deinking, bleaching and
stickies.
A. Sorting of waste paper

As we all know, the quality reduction and the complex structure of waste
paper become a confusion of waste paper recycling. To ensure the quality of raw
materials, waste paper recycling requires more cost-effective way to collect, sort and
classify the waste paper.

B. Repulping

The repulping is used to defiber the fiber of recycled waste paper and
paper of separated waste paper pulp. Besides that, repulping also improve the
separation of printing ink, other polluting substance, and fibers. Repulping makes
printing ink separated into ideal size that is perfect to be removed in the next process.
At the moment, polluting substance should maintain the status quo, which is good to
be removed in the process of filtration and deslagging.
C. Filtration

The filtration is the second process of whole waste paper pulp

processing. The impurities of waste paper is everywhere if the size of impurity is
bigger than the width of nozzle or screen cut, it is easy to be filtrated. In the process of
waste paper pulp making, there are two kind of filtration like impurity filtration and
classifying screen.

D. Deslagging
High concentration slag separator means the end diameter of large-scale
slag separator is longer than 200mm. it is usually installed on the back of pulper, and
remove the heavy impurities like metals, gravel, glass and etc. low concentration slag
separator refers to the end diameter of small slag separator is less than 100mm. It can
both remove the heavy impurities and light impurities. In general, some impurities of
waste paper are easier to be removed, their density is bigger or less than water, such
as metal, glass, gravel, foam, plastic. Meanwhile, some sticks have same density like
water, which makes them harder to be removed by slag separator.

Fiber separation and knead

The fiber separation and knead of waste paper pulping has a lot of functions as below.
 o Diminish the impurity particles of waste paper.
o Improve the separation of printing ink and fibers.
o Makes waste paper pulp homogeneous.
o Apply for pulp bleaching. The dispersing equipment is used in the
hydrothermal
o pretreatment of pulp bleaching process or mix of chemicals and reactor
bleaching.
o Eliminate the pollution of microbe.
o Improve the properties of fabrics.
E. Deinking
Deinking is made up of a series of units. The purpose of deinking is separate
ink from fibers and separate the ink from the waste paper pulp. Deinking agent is the
necessary part of deinking process. Deinking agent consists of soda ash, caustic soda,
sulfonated oil, surfactant, detergent, dispersant and etc. Adding flotation into deinking
process is an important technological development of waste paper pulping.

F. Bleaching
Pulp bleaching is generally known as the necessary process like pulp cooking
and pulp washing. Simply, add bleaching agent into paper pulp, in the process of
chemical action, the fibers of pulp remove the lignin with colorful substances or
change chromophoric group of lignin. Finally, the bleached pulp must have certain
whiteness and physical and chemical specification. Common equipment of paper pulp
bleaching process includes disc filter, single screw press, twin roll press and etc.
 Waste Paper Pulp Making
How to make pulp from waste paper? The main step of the waste paper pulping
process is purification, remove the printing ink, padding, coating, chemicals, fine fibers and
other impurities from waste paper. Generally, the waste paper pulp production process
includes pulping, screening, deslagging, flotation, washing, dispersion, bleaching and etc.
According to different pulp processing, different paper pulping machinery are required in the
paper pulp plants. By the features and waste paper pulp uses, the waste paper pulping process
can be divided into two types, deinking pulp making process and non-deinking pulp making
process.

1. Deinking pulp: repulping, roughing, concentration, defibrination, deinking,

purification.
2. Non-deinking pulp: repulping, defibrination, roughing, washing, purification.

A. Repulping
Waste paper repulping is the core process of pulping process, including
deflaking and defibering. Deflaking dissociates interlaced fibers into single fiber and
keeps the virgin state and strength of fibers. Defibering is the continuous process of
deflaking, it is used to dissociate the fiber without any damage of fibers, and decrease
the fiber strength. Deflacking of waste paper is affected by a variety of factors,
including temperature, time, concentration, waste paper classification, and etc.

i. Deflaking temperature: temperature rise can expedite the softening of waste

paper, benefit to deflake pulp and deink, improve the fluid of pulp and reduce
the energy consumption.
ii. Deflaking concentration: increasement of pulp concentration can be achieved
by increasing the chemicals concentration and strength chemical reaction.
iii. Deflaking time: deflaking time is up to the model of paper pulper,
classification of waste paper and pulp quality.
iv. Waste paper classification: the water absorbing, swelling power and fiber
bonding of waste paper.
v. The rotor specification: the diameter size, numbers, length, width and shape of
blade and other factors will directly affect the waste paper repulping.
 vi. Linear speed of rotor: linear speed of rotor increasement can improve the
deflaking capacity, shorten the deflaking time, increase operation rate of paper
pulper.

The common paper pulper for waste paper pulping mainly includes
hydrapulper and cylindrical paper pulper. The hydrapulper is widely applied in the
waste paper pulping process home and aboard. There is vertical and horizontal type
according to the structure of paper pulper, continuous type, and batching type
according to operation method, LC type and HC type according to pulp concentration.

a. Vertical HC paper pulper

 working concentration: 10-15%
 apply for deinked pulp production process that requires chemicals
 Most of pulper is batched, and repulping period is about 30min.
 Consists of the rotor, cell body, dead knife and sieve plate.
b. Vertical LC paper pulper
Continuous hydra pulper is typical.
c. Drum pulper
 Include repulping part and screening part.
 Mechanical action is less than vertical hydra pulper, some kind of
impurities like plastic film is usually kept in original state, and easy to
remove in the screening process.
 Less energy consumption.
 It is large scale repulping equipment with wide application.
 Compared to LC waste paper repulping, HC type repulping has a lot of advantages
as follows:
 Reduce the deflaking of impurities and good for removing it;
 Decrease the energy consumption;
 Save chemicals;
 Fully remove printing ink.

Comparison of various types of paper pulper are :

B. Screening and cleaning

Waste paper pulp screening and cleaning are used to treat coarse material of
front end of line. To separate the large-size impurities from coarse pulp, the waste
paper pulp should be diluted into low concentration. Common equipment includes
pressure screen, pressure knotter, and etc.

C. Flotation
Floatation deinking is mainly applied to deinked pulp production. Due to most
of the printing ink is oil-based materials, Ink particles has hydrophobic property. Use
surfactants collect ink particles and uplift them above pulp. Flotation tank is the core
equipment of waste paper pulp deinking.
D. Washing and concentration
Pulp washing process uses water or diluent to dissolve nonfibrous and soluble
substance in the pulp cooking process, meanwhile, separate them from fibers, and
finally obtain the clean pulp. Generally, pulp washing process is also the process of
waste liquor extraction. Common washing equipment includes vacuum drum washer,
twin roll press, single screw press, disc filter, etc.

Concentration processes increase the pulp concentration and makes the pulp
easy to stock, stabilize the pulp concentration to meet the requirement of next
processing. It also saves the energy consumption in the pulp transportation. According
to the concentration and washing principal, the washing and concentration equipment
can be divided into LC type, HC type, medium consistency type, and displacement
washing type. Gravity disc thickener is very common in the pulp concentration
procedure.
Advantages of waste paper recycling :
 Save material and increase production; 1-ton recycled paper production
can save 2m³wood logs compared to 1-ton groundwood pulp
production.
 Reduce the pollution and protect the environment; waste paper pulping
process produces less wastewater and waste gas, reduce the water
consumption and deforestation, which is good for the ecological
balance.
 Save resource and reduce the energy consumption; 1 ton recycled
newspaper pulp production can save 75% energy compared to 1-ton
groundwood pulp production.
 Save investment and reduce the cost; The waste paper pulp plant just
require 25%-30% investment of virgin pulp, and the material cost,
energy consumption, and other costs of waste paper pulp production
are all less than virgin pulp production.
Factors on waste paper pulp property :
a) Chemical environment
The chemical environment can affect the dryness and swelling of
recycled pulp fiber. The rosin size and aluminum sulfate of waste
paper can damage the strength of waste paper pulp.
b) Pulp beating
Pulp beating can obviously reduce swelling of pulp, decrease the
length of fiber, and increase the content of fine fiber.
c) Wet pressing
Wet pressing can cause the loss of fiber swelling.
d) Pulp drying
The undried chemical pulp is easy to be keratinized, and the fiber
bonding strength will be reduced in the paper recycling. The dried
chemical pulp has low loss of fiber bonding strength in the paper
recycling.
e) Press polish
Press polish can cause the loss of water retention value, length and
strength.
f) Printing and processing
Printing has certain influence on the optical property; the adhesive for
making paper box will prevent the combination of fibers.
g) Consumer and collector
The waste paper collection usually mixes various kinds of waste paper,
some impurities affect the waste paper pulp quality.
 How To Select Equipment For Waste Paper Pulping
With a full deflaking process of Combining the working experience from
related paper pulp mills, more reasonable wastepaper pulp production line should
have several conditions:
1. wastepaper;

2. Separate the light and heavy impurities maximumlly;

3. With the better ability of washing;

4. Try to reduce the fiber lose as much as possible;

5. Save investment and energy.

Waste paper pulping machines are:

 Deflaking equipment of wastepaper pulping
At present, the deflaking of wastepaper widely adopts hydra pulper. The hydra
pulper can be divided into two types including the vertical type and horizontal type.
The impeller and sieve plate of vertical hydra pulper is at the bottom. The impeller
and sieve plate is installed at the side of horizontal hydra pulper. Because the
wastepaper contains many impurities, horizontal hydra pulper is more suitable for
reducing the damage of impeller and sieve.
The aperture of the sieve plate is generally 10-16mm, the concentration of
deflaking is 2.5-3.5%. The deflaking of book, newspaper choose the smaller aperture,
while the deflaking of the paper board should choose a large aperture.

 Impurity separator
a. Defibering machine
The defibering machine is proven purifying equipment for waste
paper pulping. As the name suggested, the defibering machine is used to
separate impurities of waste paper pulp, becomes the necessary equipment
based on the good effect. To ensure the normal operation, the defibering
machine is required to have certain pressure and volume of inflow pulp.
Generally, the sieve diameter of defibering machine is 3-4mm during
the treatment of book and newspaper. When the raw material is waste paper
board, the sieve diameter of the defibering machine should be 4-5mm. to avoid
and reduce the screening blinding, taper hole or step-shaped hole is more
proper.
 b. High-concentration cleaner
The high-concentration cleaner can effectively remove large sized
impurities from waste paper pulp, which protect defibering machine, reduce
damage. The inflow pulp concentration of the high-concentration cleaner is 3-
3.5%.
c. Centri-cleaner
The cerntri-cleaner is a common pulp cleaning equipment. According
to the volume of cleaner, the cerntri-cleaner is divided into 600, 606, 620, 640
and other types. The 600 type is the smallest and 640 is the largest. When the
certri-cleaner is used to remove large-size impurities before coarse pulp, the
large size of cleaner is selected; the small size of cleaner is used to purify the
screened pulp. The inflow pulp concentration is about 0.5-1.0%, pressure of
inflow pulp is 0.25-0.35kPa.
d. Screening equipment
The CX centrifugal screen and centri-sorter are used to screen
wastepaper pulp. Due to the CX type centrifugal sieve has dilution water and
washing water in the screening process, the water is used to adjust the pulp
concentration and the washed pulp. At the same time, it can play a role of
rinsing the sieve plate, therefore, the sieve plate is not easy to be blocked, and
it is suitable for screening waste paper pulp. In the production of white
paperboard, it is especially suitable for screening bottom core pulp. When the
waste paper pulp is screened, the diameter of the hole of the CX type
centrifugal sieve is generally 2-3 mm.
The common structural types of centri-sorter include single drum
outflow and single drum inflow. In order to avoid clogging of the screen hole,
it is recommended to use an in-flow rotor screen, and the screen hole should
be enlarged. When the screen is used for the topping and lining of white
paperboard, a sieve hole of 1.8-2.2 mm may be proper; for screening the
bottom core pulp of white paperboard, a sieve hole is 2.2 – 1.8 mm. In
addition, in the pulp production operation, the centri-sorter should use
continuous slag discharge, and the amount of tail pulp can be appropriately
increased to reduce clogging.
e. Pulp washing equipment
 The disc filter is considered as suitable equipment for wastepaper pulp
washing. The washing of the waste paper pulp should be washed by a side
pressure concentrator before being sieved, and then washed by a rotary screen
concentrator after sieving.
f. Dissolution and beating equipment
The waste paper pulp is usually dissected by a cone-shaped deflaker.
The beating can be performed with a z450 mm double disc mill or a 330 mm
small steel mill. The z450 mm double disc mill has high efficiency and saves
power, so it is more common. Depending on the type of paper, it can be
defibered by only a cone-shaped deflaker, or it can be beaten with the double-
disc mill or both. In this case, the cone-shaped deflaker and the double-disc
mill can be connected in series.
g. Pulp pump
The pulp conveying equipment is mainly a pulp pump. For the
selection of the pulp pump, a coarse pulp pump should be used in the flow
before the screening, and the impeller should be semi-open, so as to avoid
blockage of the pump. After the screening process, a fine pulp pump should be
used. When the pulp concentration is less than 1%, a centrifugal clean water
pump can be used.

Sumber :
http://www.paperpulpingmachine.com/applications/waste-paper-pulp-production-process/
Waktu Akses :
21 Oktober 2019 pukul 14.43