Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology GENERAL OBJECTIVES

Cabanatuan City The objectives of this report:

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 1. To show the readers with a more integrated approach of
analyzing about the evolution of urban design in different
periods.
2. To see the importance and the significance of urban
design in different way of strategic plans in different
periods.
3. To recognize the urban planning in prehistorical times
that is change and the development of planning with its
Evolution of different own tools and concepts.
4. To offer a mental toolkit that provides readers with a new
mindset in evolution of urban design to stimulate readers
Urban Design own ideas.

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

Over the last few centuries urban planning has evolved

radically. The building of cities and towns has a complex and
multifaceted history. Although urban planning has only been
recognized as a distinct profession for less than a century, cities
SUBMITTED TO:
worldwide reflect the different elements of conscious design in
AR. GREGORIO VILLAVIZA JR.
everything from their layout to their functionality. In early times,
cities provided a safe from outside forces and have been always
been the center of government. Settlement design has existed
since prehistorical times has changed is needs of the epoch,
consciousness in approach, development of settlement design
SUBMITTED BY: as a professional discipline with its own tools and concepts.
JERICO T SAPIANDANTE

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In this report it examines the different periods of urban design,
where the urban design starts until in the present time. The Development - the process of developing or being developed.
evolution of planning an urban city its significance the
importance of different strategic planning in every period. Pre-Industrial (Unconscious)
(Period prior to the 19th Century)
Most of the urban
DEFINITION OF TERMS development consequences
Evolution - the process by which different kinds of living were not considered in detail
organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from Cities were structured in a
earlier forms during the history of the earth. comprehensible and legible
manner, reflecting the cultures
Urban Planning - is a technical and political process concerned that created them.
with the development and design of land use and the built Layout of cities was mainly
environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing based on ritual and
into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, cosmological symbols ordered
communications, and distribution networks. around ceremonial procession
routes, or military, religious,
Cities - generally have extensive systems for housing, and civic landmarks.
transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, and communication. Inhabitants adapted to wider
Their density facilitates interaction between people, government social, physical, and spiritual
organizations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different order. Communication was
parties in the process. face-to-face, public life took
place in public places.
Prehistoric - relating to or denoting the period before written
records Cities as centers of civilization were always complex and
dynamic, of larger cultural dimensions and housing grand public
Epoch - a period of time in history or a person's life, typically one ceremonies. Most towns did not follow predetermined plans but
marked by notable events or particular characteristics. intuitively responded to ecological choice, land ownership
structures and evolution of road and urban infrastructure.
Concepts - an abstract idea a general notion.

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 DESIGN FEATURES OF DIFFERENT PRE-INDUSTRIAL DESIGN FEATURES OF THE RENAISSANCE
CIVILIZATIONS
• Regular geometric spaces (entire cities or parts of)
• Prehistorical (6000 BC): • The primary streets
the concept of the centre, the cardinal orientation, scale, the • The public places / squares/piazzas with sculptures and
axis, and the wall fountains
• Classical (3500 BC): • Sequence and perspective.
scale, proportion, lines of movement, focal points, and visual
linkage. Industrial-Modern (Conscious) Age
• Islamic (400 AD): (1900 AD)
clusters, cul-de-sacs, building heights, visual linkage, privacy,
Industrial Age was characterized by capitalism and rapid
labyrinth street form (including the cul-de-sac), and focal points
urbanization that broke down pre-industrial order with
(nodes)
introduction of machinery and factory system, the great mass of
• Medieval (900 AD): Hierarchy of buildings, visual link,
workforce was separated from the land, nature, and social life.
perimeter wall design
As a living environment, the 19th century city was
conspicuous in its omissions, its gross under-provision of public
Renaissance Civilization
open space, educational facilities, community buildings, and all
(1500 AD)
those aspects that did not attract economic profit, but which
Cosmic forces were displaced by scientific theories and were central to good citizen life.
observations, urban design ceased to be a natural expression of
However, the dark side of industrial cities was enough to
community life and became a much more conscious artistic self-
trigger a whole system of reforms based on public responsibility
expression.
and enterprises. Minimal standards of all kinds (roads, housing,
Renaissance urban design was mainly on aesthetics as gardens, building heights, etc.) were slowly evolved leading to
perceived by the user of public places. Thus, it has been argued improved living standards. These were attempts (of planners
that mainstream urban design was born in the renaissance age. and engineers, architects, and social reformers) to come to grips
with the problems created by rapid industrialization and
urbanization of the late 19th century. Its existence became more

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relevant in the 1960s to fill the gap between town planning and time. Thus, it can be said that “mainstream urban design was
architecture. resurrected in the modern age”
Design features of modern age urban
DESIGN FEATURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE Some of the prominent works included:
• The city beautiful movement (Camillo Sitte)
Some of the concepts tested included:
• Suburban decentralization (William Morris); • New Communities Movement (Clarence stein, Lewis
• Garden city (Ebenezer Howard), Mumford)
• Neighbourhood (Henrietta Barnett & Raymond Unwin), • City of 3 million and plan voisin for rebuilding Paris (Le
• Conservation & the park movement (Fredrick Law Corbusier)
Olmsted),
• Broad acre city (frank Lloyd Wright)
• Artistic City Planning (Camillo sitte)
• Linear city (Soria Y Matta), • Circulation models (Louis Khan’s Philadelphia & Kenzo
• Ideal industrial city (Tony Garnier) Tange’s Tokyo).

Modern Age Urban Design

Modernist (“second generation”) ideals began to take Post-Modernism/Neomodernism
shape in the 1950s after the World War II. These built on the Neomodernists propounded an influential view of the late-
pre-war experiments such as Howard’s Garden City. They twentieth century city as requiring a response that recognises
expressed a romantic fusion of machine-age modernism with both its dynamic and indeterminate character in the face of
the picturesque aesthetics of traditional, high-density pre- global market forces and the continuing need to impose
industrial towns. As being part of the wider structure of minimum ordering principles. It makes use of a series of
comprehensive planning, urban design alluded to the process of unconventional formal techniques to create urban interventions
“Survey-Analysis-Plan” which was the forerunner to the rational that express the essential fragmentation or spatial and temporal
decision model articulated by the founding fathers such as complexity of our age. A common theme in Neomodernist work
Patrick Geddes (1914, 1949). is the attempt to “deconstruct” modernist architectural forms.
Modern designers attempted to assimilate the massive Postmodernism departs from modernism in its emphasis on
technological and societal changes that so affected life at that complex, ambiguous and discordant urban forms as well as

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dynamic and anti-functional approaches to design. The neo-
modernist themes of technology, flexibility, and indeterminacy
derive from the urban concepts of a previous generation of
architectural visionaries.
Examples of Neomodernist work
• Parc de la Villette (Bernard Tschumi)
• Cardiff opera house (Zaha Hadid)
• Office for Metropolitan Architecture (Rem Koolhaas)
• Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao (Frank Gherry)

SUMMARY
Evolution of urban design focus on how the urban design
improves in different periods, starts from the old, it shows how
urban design evolves in different ways of designing an urban, it
derives from the urban concept in previous generation of
architectural visionaries to a present. Urban planning has
changed a lot over the centuries. Early city layouts revolved
around key elements such as prominent buildings and
fortification. As cities grew larger, they also became more
unpleasant. Here are some key ideas from architects and
planners who sought tame the unruly urban beast.

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