Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

*5631211079*

CHEMISTRY 9701/52
Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation February/March 2018
 1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

IB18 03_9701_52/3RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 When a solute is added to a solvent the freezing point of the solution is lower than that of the pure
solvent.

The lowering of freezing point is very small. A chemist called Beckmann invented a thermometer
capable of measuring these small temperature changes accurately. The Beckmann thermometer
must be calibrated at the start of the experiment.

An incomplete diagram of the Beckmann apparatus is shown containing pure liquid cyclohexane,
an organic solvent with a freezing point of about 6.5 °C. The diagram does not show how the
cyclohexane could be frozen.

Beckmann
thermometer stirring wire
stopper
boiling tube
pure liquid cyclohexane

(a) Complete the diagram to show how the pure liquid cyclohexane could be frozen using simple
laboratory apparatus. [1]

(b) The method for determining the lowering of freezing point is as follows.

step 1 Add 20.00 g of pure liquid cyclohexane to a clean dry boiling tube.

step 2 Place the stopper containing the Beckmann thermometer and stirring wire into
the boiling tube.

step 3 
Cool the pure cyclohexane. When it starts to freeze, set the Beckmann
thermometer to 0.00 to calibrate it.

step 4 Allow the pure cyclohexane to melt. Remove the stopper from the boiling tube.
Add 0.250 g of an organic solid X to the pure cyclohexane and replace the
stopper. Stir the solution to dissolve X and refreeze the solution. Record the
new freezing point.

step 5 Allow the solution to melt. Remove the stopper from the boiling tube. Add a
further known mass of X to the solution and replace the stopper. Stir the solution
to dissolve X and refreeze the solution. Record the new freezing point.

step 6 Repeat step 5 until sufficient readings are obtained.

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18

 3

(i) In step 1, the cyclohexane can be measured using an electronic balance, a beaker and a
clean dry boiling tube as shown.

boiling tube

beaker to support
the boiling tube

electronic balance

Describe a suitable method to add precisely 20.00 g of cyclohexane to the boiling tube.
Assume that the balance is accurate to two decimal places and that common laboratory
apparatus is available.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Alternatively in step 1, the volume of cyclohexane with a mass of exactly 20.00 g can be
measured and added to the boiling tube.

Calculate the volume of cyclohexane with a mass of precisely 20.00 g.

The density of cyclohexane is 0.78 g cm–3.
Give your answer to two decimal places.

volume of cyclohexane .............................. cm3

Explain whether a burette is suitable for measuring this volume.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18 [Turn over

 4

(iii) In step 4 the mass of X is measured on an electronic balance accurate to three decimal
places before adding it to the cyclohexane.

A student suggests the following technique.

● An empty container is placed on the electronic balance.

● The mass of the empty container is recorded to three decimal places.
● 0.250 g of X is added to the container.
● X is tipped from the container into the cyclohexane.

Explain why this technique would not be accurate for adding 0.250 g of X to the cyclohexane.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18

 5

Question 1 continues on the next page.

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18 [Turn over

 6

(c) The freezing points of the solutions are lower than the freezing point of pure cyclohexane.

ΔTfp = (freezing point of pure cyclohexane) – (freezing point of the solution)

For the experiment described in (b) the values of ΔTfp are recorded in the table.

(i) A ratio, B, is calculated as follows.

mass of X (g)
B=
mass of solvent (g)
Complete the table by calculating B for each reading. Give your answers to three significant
figures.

total mass of X
reading
added to 20.00 g B ΔTfp / °C
number
of cyclohexane / g

1 0.250 1.35

2 0.400 2.20

3 0.500 2.75

4 0.800 4.40

5 0.950 5.30

6 1.150 6.40

7 1.300 7.25

8 1.400 8.50
[2]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18

 7

(ii) Plot a graph on the grid to show the relationship between B and ΔTfp. Draw the line of best
fit.

10.00

8.00

6.00

ΔTfp / °C

4.00

2.00

0.00
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

B
[2]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18 [Turn over

 8

(iii) Identify, by the reading number, the single most anomalous point. Suggest what error in
the experiment could have caused this anomaly.

reading number ...................................................................................................................

reason ..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iv) In another experiment, a student added an unknown mass of X to 20.00 g of cyclohexane
and measured ΔTfp as 5.00 °C.

Use your graph to determine the mass of X used in this experiment.

 mass of X = .............................. g [2]

(v) Determine the gradient of your line of best fit. State the coordinates of the two points you
used for your calculation.

coordinates 1 .............................................. coordinates 2 ...............................................

 gradient = .............................. °C [2]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18

 9

(d) 
ΔTfp is related to the Mr of X by the following expression

K B
ΔTfp =
Mr

where
mass of X (g)
B=
mass of solvent (g)
K = a constant

The Mr of X can be found using the gradient of your line of best fit.

K
Mr =
gradient

The numerical value of K is 20 020.

Use this value for K and the gradient you determined in (c)(v) to calculate the Mr of X. Give
your answer to the nearest whole number.

If you were unable to calculate the gradient in (c)(v), assume that the gradient is 103 °C. This
is not the correct value.

 Mr = .............................. [1]

(e) A student used the Beckmann apparatus and repeated the experiment described in (b) with an
unknown solid Y. The student found the Mr of Y to be 136.

Y is an aromatic carboxylic acid.



Suggest the structure of Y.

[Ar: C, 12.0; O, 16.0; H, 1.0]

[1]

 [Total: 16]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18 [Turn over

 10

2 ‘Lawn sand’ is spread over the grass in gardens to reduce the growth of moss. Lawn sand is a
mixture of sand and iron(II) sulfate crystals, FeSO4.7H2O.

Lawn sand usually contains 6 –10% FeSO4.7H2O by mass.

To determine the exact percentage by mass of FeSO4.7H2O present in a sample of lawn sand, a
student devises the following experiment.

step 1 Use a known mass of lawn sand to prepare 250.0 cm3 of solution A containing Fe2+(aq)
ions. Solution A must have dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq), added to it before it is
made up to 250 cm3.

step 2 To determine the concentration of Fe2+(aq) in solution A, titrate a 25.00 cm3 sample of
solution A against 0.0200 mol dm–3 aqueous potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4(aq).

The reaction which takes place during the titration is shown.

MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 5Fe3+(aq)

(a) (i) The end-point of the titration is 25.00 cm3 of 0.0200 mol dm–3 KMnO4(aq).

Determine the concentration of Fe2+(aq) that was present in the 25.00 cm3 sample of
solution A at the start of the titration.

 concentration of Fe2+(aq) = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18

 11

If you were unable to calculate the concentration in (i), assume for (ii) and (iii) that the
concentration of Fe2+(aq) is 0.300 mol dm–3. This is not the correct answer.

(ii) Determine the mass of lawn sand needed to prepare the 250.0 cm3 of solution A at the
concentration calculated in (i).

Assume that lawn sand contains 8% FeSO4.7H2O by mass.

[Ar: Fe, 55.8; S, 32.1; O, 16.0; H, 1.0]

 mass of lawn sand = .............................. g [3]

(iii) Solution A must contain enough H+(aq) ions for the reaction to take place during the
titration.

MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 5Fe3+(aq)

Use the concentration of Fe2+(aq) from (i) to determine the minimum volume of 2.00 mol dm–3
H2SO4(aq) which must be added to prepare the 250.0 cm3 of solution A.

 volume = .............................. cm3 [2]

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18 [Turn over

 12

(b) Describe a method to prepare 250.0 cm3 of solution A starting with a glass beaker which
contains the known mass of lawn sand determined in (a)(ii) as shown.

glass beaker

known mass
of lawn sand

Assume that common laboratory apparatus is available.

You may find it helpful to write your answer as a series of smaller steps.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [5]

(c) State the colour change in the conical flask at the end-point of the titration.

from ................................................................... to ������������������������������������������������������������������

[1]

(d) Aqueous potassium manganate(VII) is a powerful oxidising agent.

Suggest the effect, if any, on the end-point volume if the student acidified the mixture with dilute
hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), instead of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq). Explain your answer.

effect, if any, on the end-point volume ........................................................................................

explanation .................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

 [Total : 14]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 9701/52/F/M/18