Unit 4 – Earth and Space Science

Key Term Definition Link

How water evaporates from the surface of
the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools
and condenses into rain or snow in clouds,
and falls again to the surface as
precipitation.

Water cycle/hydrologic
cycle. Say what it is and https://pmm.nasa.gov
give a simple diagram.

https://www.freepik.com/

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https://dictionary.cambridg
e.org/dictionary/english/tra
nspiration?q=Transpiration
Transpiration
The process of losing water through
the surface or skin of a body or a plant.
2
Is a vital component of how water moves
through Earth’s water cycle, connecting the https://pmm.nasa.gov/educ
precipitation ation/water-cycle
ocean, land, and atmosphere.
3
Is water, from rain, snowmelt, or other
sources, that flows over the land surface,
Surface run off and is a major component of the water www.sciencedaily.com
cycle.
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The process by which water vapor in the air /www.usgs.gov
Condensation is changed into liquid water.
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When water is released from clouds in the
form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or
hail. It is the primary connection in
precipitation
the water cycle that provides for the
delivery of atmospheric water to the Earth. /www.usgs.gov
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Rainfall seeps underground through a
process called percolation,
where water travels downwards through the
percolate tiny spaces between rocks and soil particles.
The water eventually saturates the
underlying rock much like water fills /www.usgs.gov
7 the tiny holes of a sponge.
 Is a part of the water cycle. Some part of
https://water.usgs.gov
Ground water the precipitation that lands on the ground
surface infiltrates into the subsurface.
8

Are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by www.collinsdictionary.co

Tides the combined effects of the gravitational m
forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun
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The global ecological system integrating all
living beings and their relationships,
including their interaction with the elements
Biosphere of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere,
and atmosphere. /www.vocabulary.com

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The scientific name for the solid parts of a www.vocabulary.com

Geosphere
planet.
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Atmosphere The mixture of gases around the earth www.vocabulary.com

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www.nationalgeographic
The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of .org
Lithosphere
the Earth
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hydrosphere Part of a planet that's made of water. /www.vocabulary.com

Examples: oceans, rivers, lakes..
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www.noaa.gov
The frozen water part of the Earth system
15 Cryosphere
It is a layer of solid rock that has so much
pressure and heat the rocks can flow like a https://socratic.org
liquid
16 Aesthenosphere

/www.vocabulary.com
A concreted mass of stony material
17 Rock
The fact of soil, stone, etc.
being gradually damaged and removed by https://dictionary.cambrid
Erosion the waves, rain, or wind. ge.org

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changes to the colour or form of something
over a period of time because of
the effects of sun, wind, or https://dictionary.cambrid
other weather conditions. ge.org
19 Weathering
 A type of rock formed through the cooling https://dictionary.cambrid
Igneous rock and solidification of magma or lava. ge.org
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A type of rock that has formed through the
deposition and solidification of sediment,
Sedimentary rock especially sediment transported by water https://dictionary.cambrid
(rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice and wind. ge.org
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A type of rock that was once one form of
rock but has changed to another under the
influence of heat, pressure, or some other
Metamorphic rock agent without passing through
a liquid phase. https://dictionary.cambrid
ge.org
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/www.nationalgeographic
Mantle .org
The mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior.
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Is the hot liquid rock that pours from an /www.vocabulary.com

Lava
erupting volcano.
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Sedimentary Relating to rocks formed when sediment is //www.dictionary.com

deposited and becomes tightly compacted.
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The process by which rocks of one kind www.dictionary.com

Rock cycle
change into rocks of another kind.
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www.collinsdictionary.co
Mineral A substance such as tin, salt, or sulphur that m
is formed naturally in rocks and in the earth
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A sudden violent movement of the https://dictionary.cambridg
Earthquake earth's surface, e.org/
28 sometimes causing great damage.
The shape of a bone, a shell, or
a plant or animal that has
fossil been preserved in rock for a https://dictionary.cambrid
very long period. ge.org/
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Hot liquid rock found just below https://dictionary.cambrid
Magma the surface of the earth. ge.org/
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https://www.nationalgeogra
Earth’s core Earth’s core is the very hot, very dense phic.org/
31 center of our planet.
Is the Earth's hard outer layer.
Earth’s crust
32 www.forbes.com
 The sun and the group of planets that move https://dictionary.cambridg
around it. e.org/
Solar system
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 Mercury
 Venus
 Earth
 Mars
Name the planets in
 Jupiter
the solar system
 Saturn
 Uranus https://m.phys.org
 Nerptune
34  Pluto
 Sun
 Mercury
 Venus
List the planets in the  Earth
solar system starting  Mars
from the sun  Jupiter
 Saturn https://m.phys.org
 Uranus
35  Nerptune
 New Moon
 Waxing Crescent
 First Quarter
 Waxing Gibbous
 Full
Phases of the moon  Waning Gibbous
 Third Quarter
 Waning Crescent
 Dark Moon https://www.ducksters.com
/
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Draw a picture of all

the phases of the
moon and name each
www.ducksters.com
phase.

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The long-term rise in the average
Global warming
38 temperature of the Earth's climate system. www.britannica.com
 A part of the Earth's atmosphere that has the www.collinsdictionary.co
Ozone Layer most ozone in it. The ozone layer protects m
living things.
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Warming of Earth's surface and the air climatekids.nasa.gov

Greenhouse Gas above it. It is caused by gases in the air that
trap energy from the Sun.
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