GX22･31_cover 03.3.

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31ZM3613 DIC 157 BLACK

Owner’s Manual
GX22•GX31

31ZM3613
00X31-ZM3-6130 N2eY15000.2003.01
Printed in Japan o2003 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. -All Rights Reserved
01/04/03 12:06:07 31ZM3601_001

The engine exhaust from this product

contains chemicals known to the State
of California to cause cancer, birth
defects or other reproductive harm.

Keep this owner’s manual handy, so you can refer to it at any time.
This owner’s manual is considered a permanent part of the engine and
should remain with the engine if resold.

The information and specifications included in this publication were in

effect at the time of approval for printing. Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
reserves the right, however, to discontinue or change specifications or
design at any time without notice and without incurring any obligation
whatever. No part of this publication may be reproduced without
written permission.
01/04/03 12:06:16 31ZM3601_002

INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on your selection of a Honda engine. We are certain
you will be pleased with your purchase of one of the finest engines on
the market.

We want to help you get the best results from your new engine and to
operate it safely. This manual contains the information on how to do
that; please read it carefully.

As you read this manual, you will find information preceded by a

symbol. That information is intended to help you avoid
damage to your engine, other property, or the environment.

We suggest you read the warranty policy to fully understand its

coverage and your responsibilities of ownership. The warranty policy
is a separate document that should have been given to you by your
dealer.

When your engine needs scheduled maintenance, keep in mind that

your Honda servicing dealer is specially trained in servicing Honda
engines. Your Honda servicing dealer is dedicated to your satisfaction
and will be pleased to answer your questions and concerns.

These engines are emissions-certified for use in handheld equipment.

They can only be used to power products that are defined by the
California Air Resources Board and the U.S. EPA as handheld.

Best Wishes,
Honda Motor Co., Ltd.

1
01/04/03 12:06:29 31ZM3601_003

INTRODUCTION
A FEW WORDS ABOUT SAFETY

Your safety and the safety of others are very important. And using this
engine safely is an important responsibility.

To help you make informed decisions about safety, we have provided

operating procedures and other information on labels and in this
manual. This information alerts you to potential hazards that could
hurt you or others.

Of course, it is not practical or possible to warn you about all the

hazards associated with operating or maintaining an engine. You must
use your own good judgment.

You will find important safety information in a variety of forms,

including:

Safety Messages –– preceded by a safety alert symbol and one

of three signal words, DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION.

These signal words mean:

You WILL be KILLED or SERIOUSLY HURT if

you don’t follow instructions.

You CAN be KILLED or SERIOUSLY HURT if

you don’t follow instructions.

You CAN be HURT if you don’t follow

instructions.

Safety Headings –– such as IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION.

Safety Section –– such as ENGINE SAFETY.

Instructions –– how to use this engine correctly and safely.

This entire book is filled with important safety information –– please

read it carefully.

2
02/12/17 12:46:27 31ZM3601_004

CONTENTS
ENGINE SAFETY ........................................................................................ 5
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION ................................................. 5

CONTROLS & FEATURES ......................................................................... 7

COMPONENT & CONTROL LOCATIONS ............................................. 7
CONTROLS ............................................................................................. 8
Choke Lever ........................................................................................ 8
Throttle Lever ..................................................................................... 9
Recoil Starter Grip ............................................................................ 10
FEATURES ............................................................................................ 11
Centrifugal Clutch ............................................................................ 11

BEFORE OPERATION .............................................................................. 12

IS YOUR ENGINE READY TO GO? ...................................................... 12
Check the General Condition of the Engine ................................... 12
Check the Engine .............................................................................. 13
Check the Equipment Powered by This Engine ............................. 13

OPERATION ............................................................................................. 14
SAFE OPERATING PRECAUTIONS .................................................... 14
STARTING THE ENGINE ..................................................................... 14
Hot Restart ........................................................................................ 16
STOPPING THE ENGINE ..................................................................... 17
SETTING ENGINE SPEED .................................................................... 18

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE ...................................................... 19

THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE ............................................. 19
MAINTENANCE SAFETY ..................................................................... 20
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE ............................................................... 21
REFUELING ........................................................................................... 22
FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 23
ENGINE OIL LEVEL CHECK ................................................................. 24
ENGINE OIL CHANGE .......................................................................... 26
ENGINE OIL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................... 28
AIR FILTER INSPECTION ..................................................................... 29
AIR FILTER CLEANING ........................................................................ 30
SPARK PLUG SERVICE ........................................................................ 31
COOLING FIN INSPECTION ................................................................ 33
FUEL FILTER INSPECTION and FUEL TANK CLEANING .................. 34
SPARK ARRESTER SERVICE ............................................................... 36

3
01/04/03 12:06:37 31ZM3601_005

CONTENTS
HELPFUL TIPS & SUGGESTIONS ...........................................................40
STORING YOUR ENGINE .................................................................... 40
Storage Preparation ......................................................................... 40
Storage Precautions ......................................................................... 43
Removal From Storage .................................................................... 43
TRANSPORTING .................................................................................. 44

TAKING CARE OF UNEXPECTED PROBLEMS ...................................... 45

ENGINE WILL NOT START .................................................................. 45
ENGINE LACKS POWER ...................................................................... 45

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION ......................................... 46

TECHNICAL INFORMATION ................................................................ 46
Serial Number Location ................................................................... 46
Remote Control Linkage .................................................................. 47
Carburetor Modification for High Altitude Operation ................... 48
Oxygenated Fuels ............................................................................ 49
Emission Control System Information ........................................... 50
Air Index ............................................................................................ 52
Specifications ................................................................................... 53
Wiring Diagram ................................................................................ 54
CONSUMER INFORMATION ............................................................... 55
Honda Publications .......................................................................... 55
Warranty Service Information ......................................................... 56

QUICK REFERENCE INFORMATION ............................. Inside back cover

4
01/04/03 12:06:45 31ZM3601_006

ENGINE SAFETY
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Most accidents with engines can be prevented if you follow all

instructions in this manual and on the engine. Some of the most
common hazards are discussed below, along with the best way to
protect yourself and others.

Owner Responsibilities

Honda engines are designed to give safe and dependable service if

operated according to instructions. Read and understand this
owner’s manual before operating the engine. Failure to do so could
result in personal injury or equipment damage.

Know how to stop the engine quickly, and understand the operation
of all controls. Never permit anyone to operate the engine without
proper instructions.

Do not allow children to operate the engine. Keep children and pets
away from the area of operation.

Refuel With Care

Gasoline is extremely flammable, and gasoline vapor can explode.

Refuel outdoors, in a well-ventilated area, with the engine stopped.
Never smoke near gasoline, and keep other flames and sparks away.
Always store gasoline in an approved container. If any fuel is spilled,
make sure the area is dry before starting the engine.

5
02/12/17 12:46:34 31ZM3601_007

ENGINE SAFETY
Hot Exhaust

The muffler becomes very hot during operation and remains hot for a
while after stopping the engine. Be careful not to touch the muffler
while it is hot. Let the engine cool before storing it indoors.

Carbon Monoxide Hazard

Exhaust gas contains poisonous carbon monoxide. Avoid inhalation of

exhaust gas. Never run the engine in a closed garage or confined area.

Other Equipment

Review the instructions provided with the equipment powered by this

engine for any additional safety precautions that should be observed
in conjunction with engine startup, shutdown, operation, or protective
apparel that may be needed to operate the equipment.

6
01/04/03 12:06:58 31ZM3601_008

CONTROLS & FEATURES

COMPONENT & CONTROL LOCATIONS

Horizontal type:
SPARK PLUG
CHOKE LEVER
AIR CLEANER
MUFFLER
(inside the cover)

STARTER GRIP

PRIMING BULB

FUEL FILLER CAP

FUEL TANK RECOIL STARTER

OIL FILLER CAP
Vertical type:
RECOIL STARTER
SPARK ARRESTER
STARTER GRIP

MUFFLER FUEL FILLER CAP

(inside the cover)

SPARK PLUG

OIL FILLER CAP

FUEL TANK

PRIMING BULB
CHOKE LEVER
AIR CLEANER
7
01/04/03 12:07:05 31ZM3601_009

CONTROLS & FEATURES

CONTROLS

Choke Lever

The choke lever opens and closes the choke valve in the carburetor.

The CLOSED position enriches the fuel mixture for starting a cold
engine.

The OPEN position provides the correct fuel mixture for operation
after starting, and for restarting a warm engine.

CHOKE LEVER

CLOSED

OPEN

8
02/12/17 12:46:41 31ZM3601_010

CONTROLS & FEATURES

Throttle Lever

The throttle lever controls engine speed.

Moving the throttle lever in the directions shown makes the engine
run faster or slower.

The throttle lever shown here will be connected to a remote control on

the equipment powered by this engine. Refer to the instructions
provided with that equipment for remote control information.

THROTTLE LEVER

SLOW

FAST

9
01/04/03 12:07:19 31ZM3601_011

CONTROLS & FEATURES

Recoil Starter Grip

Pulling the starter grip operates the recoil starter to crank the engine.

Horizontal type:

STARTER GRIP (EQUIPMENT SIDE)

Vertical type:

(EQUIPMENT SIDE)

STARTER GRIP

10
01/04/03 12:07:24 31ZM3601_012

CONTROLS & FEATURES

FEATURES

Centrifugal Clutch

The centrifugal clutch automatically engages and transmits power

when engine speed is increased above approximately 4,000 rpm. At
idle speed, the clutch is disengaged.

Do not run the engine without mounting it on equipment that includes

the centrifugal clutch drum and housing, or centrifugal force will cause
the clutch shoes to contact and damage the engine case.

11
01/04/03 12:07:34 31ZM3601_013

BEFORE OPERATION
IS YOUR ENGINE READY TO GO?

For your safety, and to maximize the service life of your equipment, it
is very important to take a few moments before you operate the
engine to check its condition. Be sure to take care of any problem you
find, or have your servicing dealer correct it, before you operate the
engine.

Improperly maintaining this engine,

or failing to correct a problem
before operation, could cause a
malfunction in which you could be
seriously injured.

Always perform a preoperation

inspection before each operation,
and correct any problem.

Before beginning your preoperation checks, be sure the engine is level

and the ignition switch on the equipment is in the OFF position.

Check the General Condition of the Engine

Look around and underneath the engine for signs of oil or gasoline
leaks.

Remove any excessive dirt or debris, especially around the muffler

and recoil starter.

Look for signs of damage.

Check that all shields and covers are in place, and all nuts, bolts, and
screws are tightened.

12
01/04/03 12:07:41 31ZM3601_014

BEFORE OPERATION
Check the Engine

Check the engine oil level (see page 24 ). Running the engine with a
low oil level can cause engine damage.

Check the air filter (see page 29 ). A dirty air filter will restrict air flow
to the carburetor, reducing engine performance.

Check that all nuts, bolts, and screws are tightened.

Check the fuel level. Starting with a full tank will help to eliminate or
reduce operating interruptions for refueling.

Check the Equipment Powered by This Engine

Review the instructions provided with the equipment powered by this

engine for any precautions and procedures that should be followed
before engine startup.

13
01/04/03 12:07:49 31ZM3601_015

OPERATION
SAFE OPERATING PRECAUTIONS

Before operating the engine for the first time, please review the
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION on page 5 and the chapter titled
BEFORE OPERATION.

Carbon monoxide gas is toxic.

Breathing it can cause
unconsciousness and even kill you.

Avoid any areas or actions that

expose you to carbon monoxide.

Review the instructions provided with the equipment powered by this

engine for any safety precautions that should be observed in
conjunction with engine startup, shutdown, or operation.

STARTING THE ENGINE

1. To start a cold engine, move the choke lever to the CLOSED position.

To restart a warm engine, leave the choke lever in the OPEN position.

CLOSED CHOKE LEVER

OPEN

14
01/04/03 12:07:57 31ZM3601_016

OPERATION
2. Press the priming bulb repeatedly until fuel can be seen in the clear-
plastic fuel-return tube.

FUEL RETURN TUBE

(clear plastic tube)

PRIMING BULB

3. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.

4. Pull the starter grip lightly until you feel resistance, then pull briskly.
Return the starter grip gently.

Horizontal type: Vertical type:

(EQUIPMENT SIDE)

STARTER GRIP

STARTER GRIP (EQUIPMENT SIDE)

15
02/12/17 12:46:54 31ZM3601_017

OPERATION
5. If the choke lever was moved to the CLOSED position to start the
engine, gradually move it to the OPEN position as the engine warms
up.
CHOKE LEVER

OPEN

Hot Restart

If the engine is operated at higher ambient temperatures then turned

off and allowed to sit for a short time, if may not restart on the first pull.

If necessary, use the following procedure:

The ignition switch and the throttle lever are located on the equipment
not on the engine.

IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTION

Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position before performing the
following procedure. This will prevent the engine from starting and
running at maximum speed when the throttle is in the full throttle
position. If the engine starts, with the throttle in the full throttle
position, the equipment can move forward rapidly or the trimmer
attachment can spin at maximum speed. This may result in personal
injury.

1. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.

2. Move the choke lever to the OPEN position.

3. Hold the throttle lever in the full throttle position.

4. Pull the starter grip 3 to 5 times.

5. Follow the STARTING THE ENGINE procedure on page 14 and start

the engine with the choke lever in the OPEN position.
16
01/04/03 12:08:08 31ZM3601_018

OPERATION
STOPPING THE ENGINE

To stop the engine in an emergency, simply turn the ignition switch on

the equipment to the OFF position. Under normal conditions, use the
following procedure.

1. Move the throttle lever to the SLOW position.

The throttle lever shown here will be connected to a remote control

on the equipment powered by this engine. Refer to the instructions
provided with that equipment for remote control information.

THROTTLE LEVER

SLOW

2. Turn the ignition switch on the equipment to the OFF position.

17
01/04/03 12:08:15 31ZM3601_019

OPERATION
SETTING ENGINE SPEED

Position the throttle lever for the desired engine speed.

The throttle lever shown here will be connected to a remote control on

the equipment powered by this engine. Refer to the instructions
provided with that equipment for remote control information and for
engine speed recommendations.

For engine speed recommendations, refer to the instructions provided

with the equipment powered by this engine.

Be careful not to increase engine speed above 8,500 rpm for the
vertical type engine.
Be careful not to increase engine speed above 10,000 rpm for the
horizontal type engine.

THROTTLE LEVER

SLOW

FAST

18
01/04/03 12:08:23 31ZM3601_020

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE

Good maintenance is essential for safe, economical, and trouble-free

operation. It will also help reduce air pollution.

Improperly maintaining this engine,

or failure to correct a problem
before operation, can cause a
malfunction in which you can be
seriously hurt or killed.

Always follow the inspection and

maintenance recommendations and
schedules in this owner’s manual.

To help you properly care for your engine, the following pages include
a maintenance schedule, routine inspection procedures, and simple
maintenance procedures using basic hand tools. Other service tasks
that are more difficult, or require special tools, are best handled by
professionals and are normally performed by a Honda technician or
other qualified mechanic.

The maintenance schedule applies to normal operating conditions. If

you operate your engine under unusual conditions, such as sustained
high-load or high-temperature operation, or use in unusually wet or
dusty conditions, consult your servicing dealer for recommendations
applicable to your individual needs and use.

Maintenance, replacement or repair of emission control devices and

systems may be done by any engine repair establishment or
individual, using parts that are ‘‘certified’’ to EPA standards.

19
01/04/03 12:08:35 31ZM3601_021

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

MAINTENANCE SAFETY

Some of the most important safety precautions follow. However, we

cannot warn you of every conceivable hazard that can arise in
performing maintenance. Only you can decide whether or not you
should perform a given task.

Failure to properly follow

maintenance instructions and
precautions can cause you to be
seriously hurt or killed.

Always follow the procedures and

precautions in the owner’s manual.

Safety Precautions

Make sure the engine is off before you begin any maintenance or
repairs. This will eliminate several potential hazards:
−Carbon monoxide poisoning from engine exhaust.
Be sure there is adequate ventilation whenever you operate the
engine.
−Burns from hot parts.
Let the engine and exhaust system cool before touching.
−Injury from moving parts.
Do not run the engine unless instructed to do so.

Read the instructions before you begin, and make sure you have the
tools and skills required.
To reduce the possibility of fire or explosion, be careful when
working around gasoline. Use only a nonflammable solvent, not
gasoline, to clean parts. Keep cigarettes, sparks and flames away
from all fuel-related parts.

Remember that your servicing dealer knows your engine best and is
fully equipped to maintain and repair it.

To ensure the best quality and reliability, use only new, genuine
Honda parts or their equivalents for repair and replacement.
20
01/04/03 12:08:47 31ZM3601_022

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
REGULAR SERVICE PERIOD (3)
First Every Every Every Every
ITEM Refer
Each month 3 months 6 months year 2 years
Perform at every indicated to
use or or or or or
month or operating hour page
10 hrs. 25 hrs. 50 hrs. 100 hrs. 300 hrs.
interval, whichever comes first.

Engine oil Check level ○ 24

Change ○ ○ 26
Air filter Check ○ 29
Clean ○ (1) 30
Nuts, bolts, fasteners Check ○ −
(Retighten if necessary)
Spark plug Check-adjust ○ 31
Replace ○
Engine cooling fins Check ○ 33
Spark arrester Clean ○ 36
Fuel tank Clean ○ 34
Fuel filter Check ○ 34
Clutch shoes Check ○ (2) −
Idle speed Check-adjust ○ (2) −
Valve clearance Check-adjust ○ (2) −
Combustion Clean After every 300 hrs (2) −
chamber
Fuel tubes Check Every 2 years (Replace if necessary) (2) −

Emission-related items.
(1) Service more frequently when used in dusty areas.

(2) These items should be serviced by your servicing dealer,

unless you have the proper tools and are mechanically
proficient. Refer to Honda shop manual for service
procedures.
(3) For commercial use, log hours of operation to determine
proper maintenance intervals.

21
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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

REFUELING

Fuel tank capacities

GX22: 0.119 US gal (0.45 , 0.099 Imp gal) for horizontal types
0.159 US gal (0.60 , 0.132 Imp gal) for vertical types
GX31: 0.172 US gal (0.65 , 0.143 Imp gal) for horizontal types
0.159 US gal (0.60 , 0.132 Imp gal) for vertical types

Check the fuel level by looking through the translucent fuel tank.

If the fuel level is low, refuel in a well-ventilated area with the engine
stopped. If the engine has been running, allow it to cool.

To refuel, rest the engine on the ground with the fuel tank cap facing
up, as shown. Remove the fuel tank cap, and fill the tank with gasoline
to the bottom of the filler neck. Refuel carefully to avoid spilling fuel.
Do not overfill. There should be no fuel in the filler neck. After
refueling, tighten the fuel tank cap securely.

Gasoline is highly flammable and

explosive.

You can be burned or seriously

injured when handling fuel.

Stop the engine and keep heat,

sparks, and flame away.
Handle fuel only outdoors.
Wipe up spills immediately.

Horizontal type: Vertical type:

FUEL TANK CAP

MAXIMUM FUEL LEVEL

22
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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

Never refuel the engine inside a building where gasoline fumes may
reach flames or sparks. Keep gasoline away from appliance pilot lights,
barbecues, electric appliances, power tools, etc.

Spilled fuel is not only a fire hazard, it causes environmental damage.

Wipe up spills immediately.

Fuel can damage paint and plastic. Be careful not to spill fuel when
filling your fuel tank. Damage caused by spilled fuel is not covered
under warranty.

FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS

Use unleaded gasoline with a pump octane rating of 86 or higher.

These engines are certified to operate on unleaded gasoline. Unleaded

gasoline produces fewer engine and spark plug deposits and extends
exhaust system life.

Never use stale or contaminated gasoline or an oil/gasoline mixture.

Avoid getting dirt or water in the fuel tank.

Occasionally you may hear a light ‘‘spark knock’’ or ‘‘pinging’’

(metallic rapping noise) while operating under heavy loads. This is no
cause for concern.

If spark knock or pinging occurs at a steady engine speed, under

normal load, change brands of gasoline. If spark knock or pinging
persists, see an authorized Honda servicing dealer.

Running the engine with persistent spark knock or pinging can cause
engine damage.

Running the engine with persistent spark knock or pinging is misuse,

and the Distributor’s Limited Warranty does not cover parts damaged
by misuse.

23
01/04/03 12:09:22 31ZM3601_025

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

ENGINE OIL LEVEL CHECK

Check the engine oil level before each use, or every 10 hours if
operated continuously.

Check the engine oil level with the engine stopped and in a level
position.

For the vertical type engine, turn it 90 degrees with the fuel tank
downward before performing engine oil level check.

1. Remove the oil filler cap/dipstick and wipe it clean.

2. Insert and remove the dipstick without screwing it into the filler neck.
Check the oil level shown on the dipstick.

3. If the oil level is low, fill to the edge of the oil filler hole with the
recommended oil (see page 28). To avoid overfilling or underfilling,
be sure the engine is in a level position, as shown, while adding oil.

Horizontal type: Vertical type:

OIL FILLER CAP/DIPSTICK

UPPER LIMIT

FUEL TANK

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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

4. Reinstall the oil filler cap/dipstick securely.

Running the engine with a low or excessive oil level can cause engine
damage.

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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

ENGINE OIL CHANGE

Drain the used oil while the engine is warm. Warm oil drains quickly
and completely.

For the vertical type engine, turn it 90 degrees with the fuel tank
downward before performing engine oil change.

1. Check that the fuel tank cap is tightened securely.

2. Place a suitable container next to the engine to catch the used oil.

3. Remove the oil filler cap/dipstick and drain the oil into the container
by tipping the engine toward the oil filler neck.

Please dispose of used motor oil in a manner that is compatible with

the environment. We suggest you take used oil in a sealed container
to your local recycling center or service station for reclamation. Do
not throw it in the trash, pour it on the ground, or down a drain.

OIL FILLER NECK

FUEL TANK CAP

26
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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

4. With the engine in a level position, fill to the edge of the oil filler hole
with the recommended oil (see page 28).

Add the engine oil slowly to avoid overflowing, as the engine oil
tank capacity is small.

Engine oil capacity: 0.11 US qt (0.10 , 0.09 Imp qt)

Running the engine with a low or excessive oil level can cause
engine damage.

5. Reinstall the oil filler cap/dipstick securely.

Horizontal type: Vertical type:

OIL FILLER CAP/DIPSTICK

UPPER LIMIT

27
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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

ENGINE OIL RECOMMENDATIONS

Oil is a major factor affecting performance and service life. Use

4-stroke automotive detergent oil.

SAE 10W-30 is recommended for general use. Other viscosities shown

in the chart may be used when the average temperature in your area is
within the recommended range.

SAE Viscosity Grades

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

The SAE oil viscosity and service classification are in the API label on
the oil container. Honda recommends that you use API SERVICE
category SJ oil.

The recommended operating range of this engine is 23°F to 104°F

(−5°C to 40°C).

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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

AIR FILTER INSPECTION

Press the latch tab on the top of the air cleaner cover, and remove the
cover. Check the filter to be sure it is clean and in good condition.

If the filter is dirty, clean it as described on page 30. Replace the filter if
it is damaged.

Reinstall the filter and air cleaner cover.

Operating the engine without an air filter, or with a damaged air filter,
will allow dirt to enter the engine, causing rapid engine wear. This type
of damage is not covered by the Distributor’s Limited Warranty.

Vertical type:

FILTER
UPPER
TAB
AIR CLEANER
COVER
Horizontal type:

FILTER CHOKE LEVER

AIR CLEANER BODY

AIR CLEANER COVER

UPPER TAB LOWER TABS AIR CLEANER BODY

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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

AIR FILTER CLEANING

A dirty air filter will restrict air flow to the carburetor, reducing engine
performance. If you operate the engine in very dusty areas, clean the
air filter more than specified in the MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE.

1. Clean the air filter in warm soapy water, rinse, and allow to dry
thoroughly. Or clean in nonflammable solvent and allow to dry.

2. Dip the air filter in clean engine oil, then squeeze out all excess oil.
The engine will smoke when started if too much oil is left in the
foam.

3. Wipe dirt from the air cleaner body and cover, using a moist rag. Be
careful to prevent dirt from entering the carburetor.

Vertical type:

FILTER
Horizontal type:

FILTER

30
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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

SPARK PLUG SERVICE

Recommended spark plug: CR5HSB (NGK)

U16FSR-UB (DENSO)

An incorrect spark plug can cause engine damage.

1. Disconnect the spark plug cap, and remove any dirt from around the
spark plug area.

2. Remove the spark plug with a 5/8-inch spark plug wrench.

SPARK PLUG

SPARK PLUG CAP

3. Inspect the spark plug. Replace it if

the electrodes are worn, or if the
insulator is cracked or chipped. 0.024−0.028 in
Clean the spark plug with a wire (0.60−0.70 mm)
brush if you are going to reuse it.

4. Measure the spark plug electrode

gap with a suitable gauge. The gap
should be 0.024 − 0.028 in (0.60 −
0.70 mm). Correct the gap, if
necessary, by carefully bending the
side electrode.

5. Install the spark plug carefully, by

hand, to avoid cross-threading.

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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

6. After the spark plug seats, tighten with a 5/8-inch spark plug wrench
to compress the washer.

If reinstalling the used spark plug, tighten 1/8−1/4 turn after the
spark plug seats.

If installing a new spark plug, tighten 1/2 turn after the spark plug
seats.

A loose spark plug can overheat and damage the engine.

Overtightening the spark plug can damage the threads in the
cylinder head.

7. Attach the spark plug cap.

32
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SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

COOLING FIN INSPECTION

Inspect the engine cooling fins, and clean out debris if they are
clogged.

If it is necessary to remove the top cover for better access to the

cooling fins, refer to the disassembly instructions on pages 37 and 38 .

COOLING FINS
(inside the cover)

33
01/04/03 12:10:38 31ZM3601_035

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

FUEL FILTER INSPECTION and FUEL TANK CLEANING

1. Check that the engine oil filler cap is tightened securely.

2. Remove the fuel tank cap, and drain the fuel into an approved
gasoline container by tipping the engine toward the fuel filler neck.

Gasoline is highly flammable and

explosive.

You can be burned or seriously

injured when handling fuel.

Keep heat, sparks and flame away.

Handle fuel only outdoors.
Wipe up spills immediately.

FUEL FILLER NECK

ENGINE OIL FILLER CAP

34
01/04/03 12:10:46 31ZM3601_036

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

3. Pull the fuel filter out through the fuel filler neck by hooking the
black fuel tube with a piece of wire, such as a partly straightened
paper clip.

4. Inspect the fuel filter. If the fuel filter is dirty, wash it gently with
nonflammable or high flashpoint solvent. If the fuel filter is
excessively dirty, replace it.

Horizontal type: Vertical type:

FUEL FILTER

5. Rinse sediment from the fuel tank, using nonflammable or high

flashpoint solvent.

6. Insert the fuel filler into the fuel tank and tighten the fuel filter cap
securely.

35
01/04/03 12:10:57 31ZM3601_037

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

SPARK ARRESTER SERVICE

The spark arrester must be serviced every 100 hours to keep it

functioning as designed.

If the engine has been running, the muffler will be very hot. Allow the
muffler to cool before servicing the spark arrester.

Use a brush to remove carbon deposits from the spark arrester

screen. Be careful to avoid damaging the screen.

The spark arrester must be free of breaks and holes. Replace the
spark arrester if it is damaged.

SPARK ARRESTER SCREEN

To reach the spark arrester screen on vertical-shaft engines, remove

the deflector guard from the engine top cover and the deflector from
the spark arrester by removing the 4 mm screws as shown below for
reaching the spark arrester screen.

DEFLECTOR GUARD

TOP COVER

4 mm SCREWS

DEFLECTOR
SPARK ARRESTER

36
01/04/03 12:11:08 31ZM3601_038

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

Remove and clean the spark arrester in the following manner, or have
it serviced by your Honda dealer, if it becomes fouled excessively.

1. Remove the air cleaner cover (see page 29).

2. Remove the spark plug cap, and then remove the spark plug wire
and the ignition switch wire from their retainers on the engine top
cover.

RETAINERS

IGNITION SWITCH WIRE SPARK PLUG WIRE

3. Remove the four 5 mm bolts from the recoil starter, and remove the
recoil starter.

RECOIL STARTER

5 × 18 mm BOLTS

37
01/04/03 12:11:17 31ZM3601_039

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

4. Remove the two 5 mm bolts from the top cover, and remove the top
cover.

TOP COVER
5 × 22 mm BOLTS

5. Remove the three 5 mm screws from the muffler cover, and remove
the muffler cover.

6. Remove the 4 mm screw from the spark arrester, and remove the
spark arrester from the muffler.

MUFFLER

5 × 16 mm SCREW

MUFFLER COVER

SPARK ARRESTER

5 × 10 mm SCREW

4 mm SCREW 5 × 8 mm SCREW

38
01/04/03 12:11:25 31ZM3601_040

SERVICING YOUR HONDA ENGINE

7. Use a brush to remove carbon deposits from the spark arrester
screen. Be careful to avoid damaging the screen.

The spark arrester must be free of breaks and holes. Replace the
spark arrester if it is damaged.

SPARK ARRESTER SCREEN

8. Install the spark arrester, muffler cover, top cover, and recoil starter
in the reverse order of disassembly.

9. Secure the ignition switch wire and spark plug wire in the retainers
on the engine top cover.

RETAINERS

SPARK PLUG WIRE

IGNITION SWITCH WIRE

39
01/04/03 12:11:34 31ZM3601_041

HELPFUL TIPS & SUGGESTIONS

STORING YOUR ENGINE

Storage Preparation

Proper storage preparation is essential for keeping your engine

troublefree and looking good. The following steps will help to keep
rust and corrosion from impairing your engine’s function and
appearance, and will make the engine to start easier when you use it
again.

Cleaning

If the engine has been running, allow it to cool for at least half an hour
before cleaning. Clean all exterior surfaces, touch up any damaged
paint, and coat other areas that may rust with a light film of oil.

Using a garden hose or pressure washing equipment can force

water into the air cleaner or muffler opening. Water in the air cleaner
will soak the air filter, and water that passes through the air filter or
muffler can enter the cylinder, causing damage.

Water contacting a hot engine can cause damage. If the engine has
been running, allow it to cool for at least half an hour before
washing.

Fuel

Gasoline will oxidize and deteriorate in storage. Old gasoline will

cause hard starting, and it leaves gum deposits that clog the fuel
system. If the gasoline in your engine deteriorates during storage, you
may need to have the carburetor and other fuel system components
serviced or replaced.

The length of time that gasoline can be left in your fuel tank and
carburetor without causing functional problems will vary with such
factors as gasoline blend, your storage temperatures, and whether the
fuel tank is partially or completely filled. The air in a partially filled fuel
tank promotes fuel deterioration. Very warm storage/temperatures
accelerate fuel deterioration. Fuel deterioration problems may occur
within a few months, or even less if the gasoline was not fresh when
you filled the fuel tank.

40
02/12/17 12:47:00 31ZM3601_042

HELPFUL TIPS & SUGGESTIONS

The Distributor’s Limited Warranty does not cover fuel system
damage or engine performance problems resulting from neglected
storage preparation.

You can extend fuel storage life by adding a fuel stabilizer that is
formulated for that purpose, or you can avoid fuel deterioration
problems by draining the fuel tank and carburetor.

ADDING A FUEL STABILIZER TO EXTEND FUEL STORAGE LIFE

When adding a fuel stabilizer, fill the fuel tank with fresh gasoline. If
only partially filled, air in the tank will promote fuel deterioration
during storage. If you keep a container of gasoline for refueling, be
sure that it contains only fresh gasoline.

1. Add fuel stabilizer following the manufacture’s instructions.

2. After adding a fuel stabilizer, run the engine outdoors for 10 minutes
to be sure that treated gasoline has replaced the untreated gasoline
in the carburetor.

41
01/04/03 12:11:49 31ZM3601_043

HELPFUL TIPS & SUGGESTIONS

DRAINING THE FUEL TANK AND CARBURETOR

1. Remove the fuel tank cap and drain the fuel into an approved
gasoline container by tipping the engine toward the fuel filler neck.

2. Press the priming bulb several times until there is no more fuel in
the fuel return tube.

3. Tip the engine toward the fuel filler neck again to drain the fuel.

Gasoline is highly flammable and

explosive.

You can be burned or seriously

injured when handling fuel.

Keep heat, sparks and flame away.

Handle fuel only outdoors.
Wipe up spills immediately.

PRIMING BULB FUEL RETURN TUBE

FUEL FILLER NECK ENGINE OIL FILLER CAP

4. After all fuel has drained, reinstall the fuel tank cap securely.

42
01/04/03 12:12:00 31ZM3601_044

HELPFUL TIPS & SUGGESTIONS

Engine Oil

1. Change the engine oil (see page 26).

2. Remove the spark plug (see page 31).

3. Pour a teaspoon (1−3 cc) of clean engine oil into the cylinder.

4. Pull the starter rope several times to distribute the oil in the cylinder.

5. Reinstall the spark plug.

Storage Precautions

If your engine will be stored with gasoline in the fuel tank and
carburetor, it is important to reduce the hazard of gasoline vapor
ignition. Select a well-ventilated storage area away from any appliance
that operates with a flame, such as a furnace, water heater, or clothes
dryer. Also avoid any area with a spark-producing electric motor, or
where power tools are operated.

If possible, avoid storage areas with high humidity, because that

promotes rust and corrosion.

With the engine and exhaust system cool, cover the engine to keep out
dust. A hot engine and exhaust system can ignite or melt some
materials. Do not use sheet plastic as a dust cover. A nonporous cover
will trap moisture around the engine, promoting rust and corrosion.

Removal From Storage

Check your engine as described in the BEFORE OPERATION chapter of

this manual.

If the fuel was drained during storage preparation, fill the tank with
fresh gasoline. If you keep a container of gasoline for refueling, be
sure that it contains only fresh gasoline. Gasoline oxidizes and
deteriorates over time, causing hard starting.

If the cylinder was coated with oil during storage preparation, the
engine may smoke briefly at startup. This is normal.

43
01/04/03 12:12:04 31ZM3601_045

HELPFUL TIPS & SUGGESTIONS

TRANSPORTING

If the engine has been running, allow it to cool for at least 15 minutes
before loading the engine-powered equipment on the transport
vehicle. A hot engine and exhaust system can burn you and can ignite
some materials.

44
01/04/03 12:12:17 31ZM3601_046

TAKING CARE OF UNEXPECTED PROBLEMS

ENGINE WILL NOT Possible Cause Correction

START
1. Check control Choke open. Move the choke lever
positions. to CLOSED position
unless engine is warm.
Ignition switch OFF. Turn ignition switch to
(on the equipment) ON.
2. Check fuel. Out of fuel. Refuel.
Bad fuel; engine stored Drain fuel tank and
without treating or carburetor (p. 42).
draining gasoline, or Refuel with fresh
refueled with bad gasoline.
gasoline.
3. Remove and inspect Spark plug faulty, Clean, gap, or replace
spark plug. fouled, or improperly spark plug (p. 31).
gapped.
Spark plug wet with Dry and reinstall spark
fuel (flooded engine). plug. Start engine with
throttle lever in FAST
position, with choke
lever in OPEN position.
4. Take engine to an Fuel filter clogged, Replace or repair faulty
authorized Honda carburetor malfunction, components as
servicing dealer, or ignition malfunction, necessary.
refer to shop manual. valves stuck, etc.

ENGINE LACKS Possible Cause Correction

POWER
1. Check air filter. Filter element clogged. Clean or replace filter
element (p. 30).
2. Check fuel. Bad fuel; engine stored Drain fuel tank and
without treating or carburetor (p. 42).
draining gasoline, or Refuel with fresh
refueled with bad gasoline.
gasoline.
3. Take engine to an Fuel filter clogged, Replace or repair faulty
authorized Honda carburetor malfunction, components as
servicing dealer, or ignition malfunction, necessary.
refer to shop manual. valves stuck, etc.

45
01/04/03 12:12:23 31ZM3601_047

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Serial Number Location

SERIAL NUMBER

ENGINE TYPE

Record the engine serial number in the space below. You will need this
serial number when ordering parts, and when making technical or
warranty inquires (see page 56).

Engine serial number:

46
01/04/03 12:12:31 31ZM3601_048

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Remote Control Linkage

The throttle control lever is provided with a fitting for cable attachment.

Remove the air cleaner cover (see page 29 ) for access to the throttle
lever and cable fitting.

CABLE ATTACHMENT FITTING

THROTTLE CABLE

47
02/12/17 12:47:06 31ZM3601_049

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Carburetor Modification for High Altitude Operation

At high altitude, the standard carburetor air-fuel mixture will be too

rich. Performance will decrease, and fuel consumption will increase. A
very rich mixture will also foul the spark plug and cause hard starting.
Operation at an altitude that differs from that at which this engine was
certified, for extended periods of time, may increase emissions.

High altitude performance can be improved by specific modifications

to the carburetor. If you always operate your engine at altitudes above
5,000 feet (1,500 meters), have your servicing dealer perform this
carburetor modification. This engine, when operated at high altitude
with the carburetor modifications for high altitude use, will meet each
emission standard throughout its useful life.

Even with carburetor modification, engine horsepower will decrease

about 3.5% for each 1,000-foot (300-meter) increase in altitude. The
effect of altitude on horsepower will be greater than this if no
carburetor modification is made.

When the carburetor has been modified for high altitude operation,
the air-fuel mixture will be too lean for low altitude use. Operation at
altitudes below 5,000 feet (1,500 meters) with a modified carburetor
may cause the engine to overheat and result in serious engine damage.
For use at low altitudes, have your servicing dealer return the
carburetor to original factory specifications.

48
01/04/03 12:12:49 31ZM3601_050

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Oxygenated Fuels

Some conventional gasolines are being blended with alcohol or an

ether compound. These gasolines are collectively referred to as
oxygenated fuels.
To meet clean air standards, some areas of the United States and
Canada use oxygenated fuels to help reduce emissions.

If you use an oxygenated fuel, be sure it is unleaded and meets the

minimum octane rating requirement.

Before using an oxygenated fuel, try to confirm the fuel’s contents.

Some states/provinces require this information to be posted on the
pump.

The following are the EPA approved percentages of oxygenates:

ETHANOL ––––––––(ethyl or grain alcohol) 10% by volume

You may use gasoline containing up to 10%
ethanol by volume. Gasoline containing ethanol
may be marketed under the name ‘‘Gasohol’’.

MTBE ––––––––––––(methyl tertiary butyl ether) 15% by volume

You may use gasoline containing up to 15% MTBE
by volume.

METHANOL ––––––(methyl or wood alcohol) 5% by volume

You may use gasoline containing up to 5%
methanol by volume, as long as it also contains
cosolvents and corrosion inhibitors to protect the
fuel system. Gasoline containing more than 5%
methanol by volume may cause starting and/or
performance problems. It may also damage metal,
rubber, and plastic parts of your fuel system.

If you notice any undesirable operating symptoms, try another service

station, or switch to another brand of gasoline.

Fuel system damage or performance problems resulting from the use

of an oxygenated fuel containing more than the percentages of
oxygenates mentioned above are not covered under warranty.

49
01/04/03 12:12:59 31ZM3601_051

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Emission Control System Information

Source of Emissions

The combustion process produces carbon monoxide, oxides of

nitrogen, and hydrocarbons. Control of hydrocarbons and oxides of
nitrogen is very important because, under certain conditions, they
react to form photochemical smog when subjected to sunlight. Carbon
monoxide does not react in the same way, but it is toxic.

Honda utilizes lean carburetor settings and other systems to reduce

the emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and
hydrocarbons.

The U.S. and California Clean Air Acts

EPA and California regulations require all manufacturers to furnish

written instructions describing the operation and maintenance of
emission control systems.

The following instructions and procedures must be followed in order

to keep the emissions from your Honda engine within the emission
standards.

Tampering and Altering

Tampering with or altering the emission control system may increase

emissions beyond the legal limit. Among those acts that constitute
tampering are:

Removal or alteration of any part of the intake, fuel or exhaust

systems.

Altering or defeating the governor linkage or speed-adjusting

mechanism to cause the engine to operate outside its design
parameters.

50
02/12/17 11:49:00 31ZM3601_052

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Problems That May Affect Emissions

If you are aware of any of the following symptoms, have your engine
inspected and repaired by your servicing dealer.

Hard starting or stalling after starting.

Rough idle.

Misfiring or backfiring under load.

Afterburning (backfiring).

Black exhaust smoke or high fuel consumption.

Replacement Parts

The emission control systems on your Honda engine were designed,

built, and certified to conform with EPA and California emission
regulations. We recommend the use of genuine Honda parts
whenever you have maintenance done. These original-design
replacement parts are manufactured to the same standards as the
original parts, so you can be confident of their performance. The use
of replacement parts that are not of the original design and quality
may impair the effectiveness of your emission control system.

A manufacturer of an aftermarket part assumes the responsibility that

the part will not adversely affect emission performance. The
manufacturer or rebuilder of the part must certify that use of the part
will not result in a failure of the engine to comply with emission
regulations.

Maintenance

Follow the maintenance schedule on page 21 . Remember that this

schedule is based on the assumption that your machine will be used
for its designed purpose. Sustained high-load or high-temperature
operation, or use in unusually wet or dusty conditions, will require
more frequent service.

51
01/04/03 12:13:25 31ZM3601_053

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Air Index

An Air Index Information hang tag/label is applied to engines certified

to an emission durability time period in accordance with the
requirements of the California Air Resources Board.

The bar graph is intended to provide you, our customer, the ability to
compare the emissions performance of available engines. The lower
the Air Index, the less pollution.

The durability description is intended to provide you with information

relating to the engine’s emission durability period. The descriptive
term indicates the useful-life period for the engine’s emission control
system. See your Emission Control Warranty for additional
information.

Descriptive Term Applicable to Emissions Durability Period

Moderate 50 hours (0−65 cc)

125 hours (greater than 65 cc)

Intermediate 125 hours (0−65 cc)

250 hours (greater than 65 cc)

Extended 300 hours (0−65 cc)

500 hours (greater than 65 cc)

The Air Index Information hang tag must remain on the engine until it
is sold. Remove the hang tag before operating the engine.

52
01/04/03 12:13:43 31ZM3601_054

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Specifications

GX22
Type Horizontal (SA2) Vertical (TA2)
Length × Width × Height 8.3 × 9.9 × 9.8 in 8.3 × 9.1 × 9.8 in
(210 × 251 × 249 mm) (210 × 230 × 249 mm)
Dry weight 7.3 lbs (3.3 kg)
Engine type 4-stroke, overhead valve, single cylinder
Displacement 1.3 cu-in (22 cm )
[Bore × Stroke] [ 1.3 × 1.0 in (33 × 26 mm) ]
Max. output 1.0 bhp (0.74 kW, 1.0 PS) at 7,000 rpm
Max. torque 0.80 lbf·ft (1.09 N·m, 0.11 kgf·m) at 4,500 rpm
Max. rotation with no load 10,000 rpm 8,500 rpm
Fuel consumption 0.55 lb/hph (340 g/kWh, 250 g/PSh)
Cooling system Forced air
Ignition system Transistorized magneto
PTO shaft rotation Counterclockwise

GX31
Type Horizontal (SA2) Vertical (TA2)
Length × Width × Height 8.3 × 9.9 × 9.8 in 8.3 × 9.1 × 9.8 in
(210 × 251 × 250 mm) (210 × 230 × 250 mm)
Dry weight 7.5 lbs (3.4 kg)
Engine type 4-stroke, overhead valve, single cylinder
Displacement 1.9 cu-in (31 cm )
[Bore × Stroke] [ 1.5 × 1.0 in (39 × 26 mm) ]
Max. output 1.5 bhp (1.10 kW, 1.5 PS) at 7,000 rpm
Max. torque 1.21 lbf·ft (1.64 N·m, 0.17 kgf·m) at 4,500 rpm
Max. rotation with no load 10,000 rpm 8,500 rpm
Fuel consumption 0.55 lb/hph (340 g/kWh, 250 g/PSh)
Cooling system Forced air
Ignition system Transistorized magneto
PTO shaft rotation Counterclockwise

Tuneup
ITEM SPECIFICATION MAINTENANCE
Spark plug gap 0.024−0.028 in Refer to page: 31
(0.60−0.70 mm)
Valve clearance (cold) IN:0.12±0.02 mm See your authorized
EX:0.15±0.02 mm Honda dealer
Other specifications No other adjustments needed.

53
02/12/17 11:49:05 31ZM3601_055

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Wiring Diagram

Black

Ignition switch on the equipment

powered by the engine.

SPARK PLUG IGNITION COIL

54
01/04/03 12:13:55 31ZM3601_056

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

CONSUMER INFORMATION

Honda Publications

These publications will give you additional information for

maintaining and repairing your engine. You may order them from
your Honda engine dealer.

Shop Manual

This manual covers complete maintenance and overhaul procedures.

It is intended to be used by a skilled technician.

Parts Catalog

This manual provides complete, illustrated parts lists.

55
01/04/03 12:14:07 31ZM3601_057

TECHNICAL & CONSUMER INFORMATION

Warranty Service Information

Servicing dealership personnel are trained professionals. They should

be able to answer any question you may have. If you encounter a
problem that your dealer does not solve to your satisfaction, please
discuss it with the dealership’s management. The Service Manager or
General Manager can help. Almost all problems are solved in this way.

If you are dissatisfied with the decision made by the dealership’s

management, contact the Honda Power Equipment Customer
Relations Office. You can write to:

American Honda Motor Co., Inc.

Power Equipment Division
Customer Relations Office
4900 Marconi Drive
Alpharetta, Georgia 30005-8847

Or telephone: (770) 497-6400

When you write or call, please give us this information:

Model and serial number (see page 46 )

Name of dealer who sold the engine to you

Name and address of dealer who services your engine

Date of purchase

Your name, address and telephone number

A detailed description of the problem

56
01/04/03 12:14:16 31ZM3601_058

QUICK REFERENCE INFORMATION

Fuel Type Unleaded gasoline with a pump

octane rating of 86 or higher
(page 23)
Capacity GX22: 0.119 U S g a l
(0.45 , 0.099 Imp gal)
for horizontal types
0.159 U S g a l
(0.60 , 0.132 Imp gal)
for vertical types
GX31: 0.172 U S g a l
(0.65 , 0.143 Imp gal)
for horizontal types
0.159 U S g a l
(0.60 , 0.132 Imp gal)
for vertical types
Engine Oil Type SAE 10W-30, API SJ, for general
use (page 28)
Capacity 0.11 US qt (0.10 , 0.09 Imp qt)
Spark Plug Type NGK: CR5HSB
DENSO: U16FSR-UB
Gap 0.024−0.028 in (0.60−0.70 mm)
(page 31)
Carburetor Idle speed 3,100 ± 200 rpm
Maintenance Before Check engine oil level.
each use Check air filter.
Check all bolts and nuts.
First 10 Change engine oil.
hours
Subsequent Refer to the maintenance
schedule on page 21.
GX22･31_cover 03.3.5 11:36 ページ 1
31ZM3613 DIC 157 BLACK

Owner’s Manual
GX22•GX31

31ZM3613
00X31-ZM3-6130 N2eY15000.2003.01
Printed in Japan o2003 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. -All Rights Reserved