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Eukaryotic Transcription Process

Transcription in eukaryotes involves initiation by RNA polymerase II at a promoter site, elongation of RNA synthesis from 5' to 3' using DNA as a template, and termination at varying distances downstream from the gene. The primary transcript or hnRNA undergoes processing including cleavage, splicing, and capping to produce mature mRNA that moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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178 views1 page

Eukaryotic Transcription Process

Transcription in eukaryotes involves initiation by RNA polymerase II at a promoter site, elongation of RNA synthesis from 5' to 3' using DNA as a template, and termination at varying distances downstream from the gene. The primary transcript or hnRNA undergoes processing including cleavage, splicing, and capping to produce mature mRNA that moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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Q. What is transcription? Explain the process of transcription in a eukaryote.

(10
marks, 150 words, IAS 2019)

Transcription is the making (synthesis) of RNA using DNA as a template.


Transcription in eukaryotes occurs within the nucleus and mRNA moves out of the nucleus into
the cytoplasm for translation.

PROCESS OF TRANSCRIPTION

 INITIATION : The RNA polymerase II transcribes the antisense strand of the DNA
template. It is directed by a promoter site on the 5’ side of the transcriptional start site.
Transcription factor TFIID and TATA box have important roles in initiation.

 ELONGATION : RNA synthesis occurs in the 5’ → 3’ direction with the RNA polymerase
catalysing a nucleophilic attack by the 3-OH of the growing RNA chain on the alpha-
phosphorus atom on an incoming ribonucleoside 5-triphosphate.

 TERMINATION : RNA polymerase II does not terminate transcription at a specific site.


Transcription can stop at varying distances downstream of the gene. The transcript is
cleaved at an internal site before RNA Polymerase II finishes transcribing. This cleavage
site is considered the “end” of the gene.

 MATURATION : Primary transcript called heteronuclear mRNA (hnRNA) is processed by


cleavage, splicing and capping. After post-transcriptional modifications, mature mRNA is
released.

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