. R-section
Ku=—Me__ -__10010" 9579
fe! bd? 0.920% 600% (400)?
@=0.06 => py, =0.003
he o3< oasr{ <0) 051
oe
4 600+ 400
As, =0.85x22.x (600-300)x120=1530 mm?
400
Peay = 0.75 [2 (oorts+ 2] 0.012
600 300% 400
M4 300) ss
ce 7 Zao ne
= the max of
ia 5300) © goons
4 x 400\600) ~
Prin = 0.00175 < Py = 0.003 < Pane = 0.0129
As = 0.003 x 600 x 400 = 720 mm?
Check using analysis:
720x400
a <120 OK
0.85x 20% 600
2
Mn =0.9%720x 40 s00- 22) =100 kNm OK
102 Section (4) :
Mu > 6(0.85 fe! by na") 84.15KNm = 2. T- section
as, =0s( 20 2 G00. 200) 50=425 mm?
Mie = 425% wo.) = 46.75 kN
100
= 46,7.
ow = 4.36 KN.m
or)
(Ku), = 6436x108 0.1788
20% 200% (300)
070203 = p,=001 = As, =60937mm?
As=425 + 609.37 =1034.37 mm?
1034.37
400x300
Be 2017 < 0.85x{ 820) 20.51
a \ 600 +400
= 0.0086
soos = 0.75 53 (0. o216+0007H)|=001
Be
4004 400
5
20 ()- 0.0014
0.00175
Pao = themax of
4% 400,
Pain = 0.0017 < Pyq = 0.0086 < Ppy, = 0.011
400.
Check using analysis:
1034.37 400
(Ac).oinp, = ygscoy 77 2838 mm? > 50x400 =..T-section
85x
24338 - (400-200) 50 eae
200
n= 039% 0.85520 (40-200)<504{ 30042) «200.71 69x 300-22)
Mn=100 KNm OK Check cracking: (for sec. 4)
Try to use 2 $28
=.= 60 mm
A= (2 x 200 x 60) /2 = 12000 mm?
Z = 0.6 400x¥60%12000 = 21510 <25000
O.K for both exposures
Try t0 use 2 620 +3 616
(A8}oc = 1231 mm?
g, = £28%105+ 603% 60 _
1231
83mm.
60
x83
10x 314
1231
Z= 0.6 x 400 x 4/8468 x 60 =19151 Ninim
OK for both exposures
= 8468
Try t0 use 6 $16
(Asher = 1206 mm?
2.5 mm
282.5% 200
6
Z=0.6 x 400 x Y5500x 60 =16585 Nimm OK for both exposures
A
5500
Section (5) :
__ Mu 100108
© Ofe! bd? 0.920% 200x300)?
= 0.4058 => Pax = 0.0203 > Prnax
. compression steel is needed
As, = (0.016 x 200% 300)= 960 mm?
960x400
0.85% 20x 200
132.87 - 40.
fs‘ =600( 132.87-40
sao 132.87
Ku 3086
=112.94mm => C=132.87 mm
Java => use 400
Mi =960x 4oo{00 122) 93.52 Nm
Mg = 100.-93.52=17.6 kNm
~ 0.9
\__17.6x106
s} = 129.2 mm?
400 (300-40)
=169.2mm? => As=960+169.
Also from table (2) (Ku)max = 0.2629 < 0.3086 i.e. compression steel is required.
104 Check using analysis :
p= 0.01882, p'= 0.00282, Py = 0.021675
5
PLP 30,7382 < 0.75 = v.fo=fy
Po
S08) a 7
© \<0, 10 = .Bh=
(S [70667 < 1.0 = Bh =f
‘ .
and (SF fd}. OP 8, gg
600-fy Jl d Pp
fe,
ofefs)
§ Mn, = 0.9 x 960 x 400 x (300 - 84.16 kN
4 Mn; ~ 0.9 x 169.2 x 400 x (300-40)
Mn = 84,16 + 15.84 = 100 KNum
5.84 kN.m
Example (6) -
+ WORN TORN @OKN 6OKN
25 MPa sl | 1 f
0 MPa 3
stirrups 8 mm 4
Desiga the cantilever for shear. +,
Lom Wm Om LOM
Note: Neglect the cantilever Factored loads
OW
Solution :-
1300600 _ ys yy a
1000 j— 282.4 12
Vu _ Ve ~ Bs
For Zone: —* < wflom | ou Fo
I
No stirrups are required iva be
For Zone (I) : > < a < Ve
Use minimum Ay
Saw = ea 2 = 283 mm < controls
< a2 = 300
< 600
and for practical purpose use S = 250 mm
105 Mi
For Zone (II) : Ve < ae < 3Ve
Mio 2m kN, vse SE vestsat KN < 2Ve
Avfy d_ 101x280 600
Vs 132.4107
$4 =300 mm
(dma $4 600mm
| 283mm
S= =128 mm < controls
and for practical purpose use $= 125 mm
Vu.
For Zone (IV): 3Ve < fptistove
Te =4588 kN, Vso Even 3088 KN > 2Ve
sh Se cea mm < 75 mm
Vs 308.810
(d/4 =150mm
(S)may $4300mm
(283mm.
Try to use 4 legs, $= 110 mm, and for practical purpose use $= 100 mm
106 col
s[e19q JUaUIaDA0FUPDY ALOYS,
I I Il Al
u07 Quo0z ouoZ Qu0Z
WU QOL WU QOOT ww 000] Www 0001
a
a OSTME ca STIOL ¢ 0016 g¢
ESE geEEE ete zmE erg eeee eae PTaEEEEEE Eee EE
oo se
LTT Example (7)
In the fig. Shown, what is stirrups spacing is required
a) At section A
b) At section B
then indicate the region of the beam where stirrups are not required .
‘Use dst = 8 mm, fo’ = 16 MPa, fy = 350 MPa, bw = 200 mm and d = 480 mm. (Neglect
beam 0.W.)
Pu= 120 kN
Wu = 50 kN/m’
03m
6.0m
Solution :-
1 i
1 i
t 1
i
200 Nf 168.5 kN 1
1
t
120 kN!
Vo diagram
(We) diagram |
0.63 m
108 Atsection A:
Yi 198.2 kN
6
Vo~ 1 16x 200% 480 _ 6 ray
6 1000
7 KA =120mm +cotrols
o Gx350%100)/" 595 mm
(209) (350) (480) «195 sam
(198.2- 64) x 10%
+ Use 120mm max.allowed
Atsection B:
vi
(Y= 240mm Hcotrots
XB o3V0 = Spay S$ {600mm
6 [G=380<100y/ astra
72
(S) peg, = LOY. G50. 480) 918 mam
“Y (141.2-64)x 10°
© Use 200mm asa practical
Zone where stirrups are not required :
wa ve
4
Ve
(wa) 2) = 6
Ve _ 0.85 (64)
a fe = = 0.548
X= 3m @on 4m
X+(200/2)
emia
oven { i
oven
108 Example (8) :-
Select the stirrups spacing for the beam shown in the figure.
Loads shown on beam are service loads, Use 8 mm stirrups, fe’ = 25 MPa,
fy = 400 MPa . Show your results on a scaled sketch,
200 200 W, = 60 kNim’
bk 80 KN/m'
ee ]
; 68
2) a
\ 150
a
\ 1
800
Beam section
Solution | Y,
eavon val YZ ye,
ve=t. 25 x 400% 600 _ 500 kN { Wy
Wu = 60%1,7+1.4x80= 214 kN
* For (V/ @mas
_ Avfyd _ (200)(400) (600)
Use S=100 mm
150mm Ccottols >100mm OK
s~ 300mm
(3)(200) (400)
= 600mm
* For S = 150 mm
yg = (200)(400) (600) _ 55 pry
150x10?
SB Ver Vs=S20kN
no * For $= 200 mm:
vs = (200) 400) (609) _ 949 kn
200105
Saver Vo=4a0 kn <3Ve OK
Vu=374 KN X=
* For S = 300 mm:
sys = (2001400) (600) _
300x 10°
Ve+Vs=360KN < 3Ve OK
160 KN
Vv
Vu=306 KN 2X =143m
Zone of no stirrups
(bVe/2)=85KN > 2. X=04m
.
SSAQV@°8H
4
1
@100 | 4@ss0 |
4 1.95 < 2.065 |
Shear Reinforcement Details
ul Example (9) :-
For the cantilever shown in the fig,
(ie! = 20 MPa, fy = 400 MPa)
Determine the safe uniformly
distributed load W (dead + live)
that the beam may be permitted to soma
camry, if (D/L)
Solution :-
Flexure :
(400) 6g mn
0.85 x 20x 201
a 160
0.85 fe
$Mn=9 As fy (¢-=) =0.9(1357) (400) (500-122
Wa = 20592) «4s 6am
cheek = 0.01357
200% 500
Prax * 0.01625
Prin = 0.0035
Pmin vs Pu 403 kN
Check:
1809.6 _ y or34
Pact = 350x540
20, 60 ost OK
420” 600 +420
Pmax = 0-75 pp = 0.75 x 0.85
14 yo gee
ow gee
Shear:
30 x 250%
Ve= ‘ pe =100KN “Without effect of axial force *
_ Avdyd (cos a+ sia a) | a=, § 235
8 0520
100x300 x 540% (0.3420 + 0.9397)
250 x10?
PU s)ei
+8.05 }c0s20°, Nu=| —* + 8.05 |sin 20°
Vs
250 mm.
Vs =83,11KN
Pu
3 (0.5 Pu + 8.05) 0.342 x 10°
250 x 600
Ve including axial tension effect
Ve = 100 ~ (0.0344 x Pu)
Vn = 100 ~ (0.0344 x Pu) + 83.11 = 183.11 ~ (0.0344 x Pu)
©. 6 Vn-= 153.64 ~ (0.02924 x Pu)
( +8, 0s] cos 20° 155,64 ~ (0.02924 x Pu)
13.421 « 107 Pu— 5.5 x 107) x 100
0.5311 x Pu= 15 > Pu=296.7 KN
> + Pema =296.7 KN
Check :-
ve < 4 <3ve
°
d " .
$-270mm = Contwols > 250mm OK
Sinqq © 4600mm
3x100x 300 =360mm
250
1s Example (11)
Determine the required stirrups spacing at sections A and B of the beam shown below.
Use fo! = 20 MPa, fy = 300 MPa and Wa = 50 kN/m’
Solution :-
At critical section (A-A) ; Heese
h= 500+ (200 +4)/10 | — ae
=400+20+0. = 466.7 [4 a
d=400+20+0.1d cg d= 466.7 mm z) aaa c
Ve= "2 x 200% 466.7 = 69.64N | | |
Vu = 50 x (4.0 ~ 0.6667) = 166.7 KN Soe Hera]
tb
Section B-B
~ dsc
, |.
At section (B-B) “ directional changes of internal forces g
Mu __50x8? H “Fr
BAN 2 ORS 2555.6 KN ct
09d 8x09%08
C sin @ =2 x 555.6 x sin (5.71%) = 110.6 kN tan = 40/400 0
7330
F__ 06x10?
Ave eee
O9fy 0.9300
F
Av = 409.7 mm? eo
2. use 5 U stirrups @ 8 mm to resist
the resulting force (F)
Note:
Atthis section Vu = Zero, and no stirrups are required for shear.
KO (ie
6 : Example (12) :-
Compute the shear capacity for the cross sections shown below.
Given : fc’ = 20 MPa, fy = 300 MPa.
—|
eo
5
Section (1) Section (2)
Solution :-
Section (1) :
For each web in inclined direction
0.8520 /
oVe= «250% (0304, 60°)
0.85 x 100% 300 (93
oVs= a
vn = 7341186
Sin 60° /
ve
Vertical components See ae
2x( 283.) sin 60° =531.8kN
(Sin 60 oo \| Aor
Section (2):
ov = 885020 599 600=104 kN
6 2
5 s | al
gy = 0:85%100%300 x 547 x Sin 78 “ sesceee
200 x10°
Vn = 68.2 +104 =172.2KN
on
Note: ==G “
In section (1), the external shear force Vu resisted by 39-fe-s4 =? of -ssssirnas
inclined webs, and the stirrups are in the direction of
ee = taneattt78 ©
the web (direction of the shear). bdehsobcecnicet Example (13) =
Check the shear capacity of the given column and if
necessary adjust the tie spacing.
Given : fe! = 20 MPa, fy = 400 MPa.
Solution :-
d = distance from extreme compression face to centroid
of long tension bars.
¥ M @ extreme compression face
dw SADEI20-+2 Ay x 640
TAy
= 840mm
3
aay :600%84 = 643.9KN
:
4
14% 1000 x 600 |
assumed strain
diagram
Section A-A
Determine area of shear reinforcement (Av)
o™
~ytue2000 AN
e600 RN
a
Jeo s
a tw-2000 KN.
type
types
eeeceeeeees
‘Type
We have three
the type B are
types of tes, the ype A es and
il depth while the type C are
only partial depth, Assume. that effectiveness of ties as shear reinforcement is
proportional to their depth, hence :
Ss
Av = (2x 78.5)+ (1x78. 3)+{Baax78s) a
840, fa e
eee | crack 45
2 a
288x 400x840 “+ 1
nm = 17 TM I |
643. 9 tenn
Hence use § 10 mm at 100 mm —
=
Note:
‘© Number of stirrups within the erack for full depth stirrups = d/ S
© Number of stizrups within the crack for partial depth stirrups ~ d,/$
118 Example (14) :-
‘Two simply supported parallel box beams are rigidly connected at midspan by
across beam carrying a concentrated live load of 225 kN as shown. A stiffness
analysis determined that each of the two beams carries a concentrated 112.5
KN live load and 13.5 KN dead load at midspan, plus a factored torsional
moment of 27 KN.m in addition to its own dead weight. Design the beam for
flexure, shear, and torsion. Given fe’ = 28 MPa; fy = 420 MPa.
ae
on 2
Solution :-
Beam wt. = (0.6 x 0.4 - 0.2 x 0.4) x 24 = 3.84 KN/m’
Design for flexure :
3,849.0? | 13.5x9.0 112.5%9,
= SEERA EE 7x]
Mu=14x}=—3 - |: | ;
f bp .
0.854! by hy |d-—F)<527 .T-section
28 ote
As, = 0854( 55 x (400 — 200) 100=1133.3 mm’
a=35+10+B=575
Mop = 1133.3 x 420% (s#25 - 20)
Maw = 222 234 =352 KN.m
19 813 mm?, => 48529463 mm?
29463
p= 29463 _ _ 09136
h
(240000)?
10.79 KN
2000
Ty > Tmin => torsion needs to be considered
4 Trin = 43.16 > Ty=27kNm
a reduction due to cracking is inappropriate
Aon = 320 x 520 = 166400 mm? ol
Ao= 141440 mm?
P,=2 x (320 +520) = 1680 mm
Aes _ 166400
a =99 < 100
P, 1680
T.P, _ 126.310? 27x10° x1680 far
eh a ng SEO 22.13 < OF Ve! 3.7 OK
L7AX 200%542.5 1.7% 166400? i
tz 27x10° 7
st eo 5 0287
Toiy,A, 2x 085x 420% 141440 ~ 0767 mar’ / mm
Vz _ 52.9% 10°
fy,d 4205425
= 0232 mm” /mm
120 ‘Try to use closed stirrup of diamets
157
Soa = 330267 + 0.232
=10mm
Use $= 200mm
162° = 210mm © controls
Smac 300mm
(= =148.6.<3x 95, "|
200 x 200
Seuteoy
3% 420
(Adi = 0.267 x 1680 = 448.6 mm?
< 04N28
£20
Use 6 bars = each bar area = 760.9/6 = 126.8 mm? (@ 14 mm)
=317 OK
x 240000~448.6 = 7609 mm? <= controls
2914
Check
100 _ 0.5x166400
Hae 1680 ee
10200 A
At mid spa ’ |
(assume secondary beam size 400x600) | (ay) +2(126.8) = 3200 mm?
vy 3). 95.63 kN fete
95.63
V, ={ > ]-95.7 =16.8kN
: ( 0.85) }
3
& Pe 0074 mm? mm, 267mm? fram
a x10, ais (ABP hoes
(hans “G:gscan9 7315 eee
157mm? 2315 +[0.074+2(0.267)] S ne E eo} —100
B |
where: n= number of hanger stirrups 7
Tryn=4 > $=125mm Hy |
spent +0.074 +2 (0.267) (125) =
430 |
=154.8mm? <157 O.K
wa Example (15) :-
Design @ spandrel beam for combined shear and torsion, Roof members are
simply supported on spandrel ledge.
Given: 7
L.L.= 15 kN/m?
3.2 kNim®
35 MPa
20 MPa
<4 ao [o> Spandrel
}
( (
\ Beanie)
“Fy Fi
| Eee ae 400 |
! 20m
feo cnc
Plan
400 CL
|
|
800
z
g
g
z
a
|-—
400_ | 150
9.0m
Section A-A
122 Solution :-
Wo = 3.2 x (18/2) + (0.4 x 0.8 + 0.15 x 0.2) x 24= 37.2 kN/m
Wr = 1.5 x (18/2) = 13.5 kNim
Wy= 14 x 37.2 +17 x 13.5=75 kNin’
torsional factored load = 1.4 x 28,8 + 1.7 x 13.5 = 63.27 kN/m
eccentricity = (400/2) + (1350/2) =275 mm
torsional moment = 63.27 x 0.275 = 17.4 Km
critical section for shear and torsion at (d) from face of support
Assume d= 740 mm
critical section is at (740 + 200) =940 mm from column C. L.
Atcritical section :
Vu = 75 x (4.5 - 0.94) =267 KN
Ty= 17.4 x (4.5 - 0.94) = 61.94 KNm
The spandrel beam must be designed for the full factored torsional moment
since it is required to maintain equilibrium,
50000 mm?
2700 mm
800 x 400 + 150 x 200 =
x (800 + 400) +2 x 150
ae
Tg = 2S AES 350000" 1g
12x 2700
< 61.94 kNm
Aon = 325 x 725 + 150 x 125 = 254375 mm?
Pa= 2 x (325 +725) + 2 x 150 = 2400 mm
Ao™ 216218 mm?
(zzz! (sossasot 2400
fone 10x 2400
\ 400% 740, 1.7% 254375"
MPa < 0.7V35=414 OK
x 400 740 = 292 kN
2 kN
Ay 61.94 x 106 7
Eee eet i
2e0B5x 420% 216218 O41 MEM
x10?
420x740
Ss
Ay
Ss
= 0.071 mm /mm n= number of hanger stisrups per meter = 1000
Ru- factored reaction from roof at beam ledge per meter = 63.27 kN/im
(Ad) hanger n= Ru > 6ADnanges (102) Ru
(AD anger Ru 63.27 «10°
Sa 5 0.177 mm? mm
S fy (1000) 0.85% 4201000
Use § 10 mm closed stirrups
157
a = 3 1495
‘0 “3040+ 0.0714 0177 mm
Sonax
w
am
Check:
400 x 180
Ay+2 Ap= 157 >
3x
2
Ay), = 0401x2400 = 962.4 mm
rea
04v35
420
x 35000-9624 =1010mm? <= controls
Use 10 bars => each bar area=1010/10= 101 mm? ( 12 mm)
2612 ——
i + 4 ois
2612 ——pp
i beam ledge
2912 Y
Threw Example (16)
Given : LLL. = 3.0 kNim?
flooring = 2.0 KN/m?
Slabs : use min. hs, fy = 420 MPa, fe
tbars in main direction of 10 mm and 8 mm for secondary »
Beams : use bw = 300 mm, h= 400 mm, cover to stirrups = 35 mm,
main bars of 20 mm diam., fy = 280 MPa, fo’ = 20 MPa
‘All columns are 300 x 300 "*
Reg. : Design the slabs and Beam BI
For slab : use by multiple of 10 mm and S multiple of 5.0 mm .
irrup of 8 mm,
Solution :-
Design of slabs :
one end cont. bh,
bs (coeff)
24
L,, = 3000 - 300 = 2700 mm, factor= 10
1125 mm — use 120 mm
W,=14 (ay (24) + 20 |+17 Bok 1193 Nim?
1000 4
Conditions
1. Two spans OK
2, Equal spans ok
3. Uniform load OK
4, Ratio L/D = G / 4.88) <3 OK
5. T constant OK
125 w.B 2
LA 0193) 2? 9.66 naw
LA, _ (01.93) 2.
14
Section @ | @
Ku 0.0595 0103823 r
© 0.0617 0.0391 0.02258
p p.00254 0.00253" | 0.00253"
‘Asim 219.2 0
327.25,
* (9) conirolled by Pm
_ Le vi=236Ku
us
AYfynobs
Secondary Reinf. :
0.002 (1000) (120)= 240 mm? /m
ee
Yn
50.27) (1000)
neq DE ) 209.4 mm
450 mm
600 mm
00 mm < {
126
(Sea. 2813
use 280 0 20 el woe or TN
a ! y
+ 7 7 1
| ae
5 vs20_/ /
3 ; sta 9 8/200 i
' '
as ae 1
t
— +
Design of beam BI — eee
é |
ZY,
Load on beam B1 03
W, = (30) (1193) <115* + (030.28 10% 24) (14) = 4398. Nim
280 ay :
Deflection h = oo 0 OK <400 mm
Effect of unequal end moments
Conditions :
1, Two spans OK /
2. Ratio (5.1 / 4.7) = 1.085 <1.2 OK (
3. Uniform load OK \
4.Ratio L/D <3.0 OK \
5, constant OK Q
02 8) (51)?
14
= (43.98) (51)?
=481.7 KNm
“71.5 kNm
= (3.989 47)?
7 =-60.7 KNm
Shear at critical sections :~
= 400-8 -10-35 =347 mm
V, = (235 ') (43.98) = 88.1 KN
2.70 - 0.347) (43.98) = 103.5 kN
pee eit KN
0.347) (43.98) = 96.9 KN
16 hy + by = 2220 mm
Effective width for section 4 > | span/4=1175 mm_ “controls”
C.L. to C. L. = 3000 mm
16 hy + by = 2220 mm
Effective flange width for section 2 > [ span/4= 1275 mm “controls”
@ C.L.to C. L. = 3000 mm
Section ‘@) Q) 3) |) (3)
width b 300) 1275 300 | 1175 300
Ku_ 0.1804 0.0296 0.1100 0.0! [©0934
° 0.2053 0.0301 0.1183 0.0277 0.0992
P o.01a7 0.0021 0.0084 Go01ss_ | 0.0071
(Asreq. 15263 931.2 879.0 8068 37.3
use 520 3.920 3920 3920 | 3920
fel < (14x 4)? = 31.36 MPa
*. Pmin controlled by :
3 = 0.005 forb=by sections (1), (3) and (5)
0.0013 for b= by sections (2) and (4)
iy by : se
for section (2) a= 12.3 <120 OK >
for section (4) a=113<120 OK Rose Design for shear :
ve t 20 (300) (347) = 77.6 KN
for Weinexn, — ¥e< 22 <3¥,
° ¢
df =1735 mm > “controls”
& Sax $ | 600 mm
@).(000) 280) _ 956 mam
L300
use $= 150 mm.
(200) (280) G47) - 647 ay
150 x 103
co @ (Vz + Vy) = 085 (647 + 77.6) = 120.96 KN > 113.6 KN OK
for S=150mm Vy
255
129 wos”
ode
os st
Fe
[ere
/
oe
e =
Lf wreo xp
ote oes 0
MO wu Oz = 0s - BOE AIAU}
ww ot <
“pg< Wut poz = (£60 xL'0) (E18) = "PT
££6°0 = S76 / OGL = SSPONT
LO =s017y E um gs = J9A00
ZAI sumag 905. 99 < 19A0.
OEP oy
wu epg = payee) =
(9-298
spucy “muossip 19 syoor fo aBvuoysu 4904 Example (17) :-
Determine the required depth and reinf, for one-way joist system shown below. The
Joists are 100 mm wide and are spaced 500 mm O. C. The slab is 60 mm thick.
Given :
fe'=20 MPa, fy = 300 MPa, Yy=5 kN/av?
Service L.L. = 2.0 kN/m?
Superimposed dead = 1.5 KN/m?
All columns = 300 x 430 mm?
15.0 m
Section A-A.
131 Solutis
Assume d= 185 mm
L-(
linia 2 7g5(04 + 395
> Atexterior col. C +
30 + 185 = 615 mm> $00 mm
> At interior col. C + 2d = 430 +2 185 = 800 mm
4230 mm
fy)
[so0x60 +100 0
2.2KN/ m!
[400 +100
10°
000
4x2.241.7x10=4.78KN/m!
Conditions :
3 Spans > 2.0
# Ratio adjacent spans = (4.25/4,20) = 1.01 < 1.20
® Uniform load
© LALID.L, = 1.0/2.2 < 3.0
® Prismatic members
Design of ribs for Flexure
700) = 485 \
]e20=1.0 KN nt
~ 60)x 400 ar
108
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ACI Code coefficient for moments may be used.
5.0
Seetion | Mu (kNam) P% | Adecaired|AS)proviaea
(a) 4. en 124 0.470* 87.0 2610
Tsh7
Q) Ce M4 0.135 125 | 2610
@ 4 egestas 1014 | 1876 | 3610
(4) a oe ae 16 O15 106.6 | 2610
Cover = 30 mm, bars diameter= 10 mm, ds = 35 mm, d= 185 mm
"Prin = a = 0.0047
*Pnin= 142% = 0.0009 for flanged section
fy b; .
‘Temp. and Shrinkage reinf, / m = 0.002 x 1000 x 60 = 120 mm? /m
Use mesh $66 /m? Design of ribs for Shear
20
6
Ve =0.85 x 1.1 ==" x100%185=12.9 KN
v {1.154 4.78 44.25
~ 4.78 x 0.185=10.8KN
Vu < oo => No stirrups ai
required
Fil
‘al design for supporting beam along interior c
lumn line
Beam O, W. = 0.80 x 0.22 x 24=4.23 kNim’
wp 22"[22% 25x1.15**+420))
*) Number of ribs per meter
+1,5% 0,80 = 25.42 KN/ im’
of unequal end moments
}]-2x08-10.09 KN im
33.76 KN/m*
w a o
ieee eee
Section ‘Mu (kN.m) [ku | @ | p% [Asdreqires|(As)orovitet
| i
()__| -3.7654.7°)/ 16 = -74.22 | 0.170 |0.192)1.28) 1782 |
1 ]
|
(2y_|_63.76x4.77) /14 = 84.83 | 0.195 |0.224)1.49| 2081_| 119 16
(3)_| (53,764.79) 10 = -118,76} 0.272 |0.341|2.27|3163_| 16.916
(9-_|63.76«4,7)/16= 74.22 | 0.170 [0.192[1.28] _1782__ | 9916
cover=30 mm, main bars diameter= 16 mm, _ stirrups = 8 mm
4=46mm, d=174mm
Pro = 0.024
® Neglect the effect of flanges
Shear design for supporting beam :-
$V =0.85x “2 x 800 174=88.2 KN
15% 53.76x4.7
(Wu estat ceo
0.85 100x300 174
«107
~ 53.76 x 0.174 =136 KN
=92.8 mm Y= 87mm "controls"
Smae < | 600 mm
(3) (100) (300) _
300 112.5 mm
use ¢ 8 @ 80 mm
No stirrups are need for Vu < 6 Ve
10.85 [ba Lo |
— I _s610 hoo OGL
AtT is
som
00 so
Reinforcement ca ]
details for ribs 4 | ae
Ae 100,
Section A-A
157 1st
0.94
4 16616_| CL.
a“ k——| “et | ks
S86 ; 816
Be |
067 is@s0 | | | 14@80 |
Lists i CL.
9@80 L_stirups
\ob16.
6.
|
HLA Listings
Reinforcement details 11916.
for supporting beam
134 Example (18)
Design a continuous two-way slab of the floor shown below.
It is subjected to live load of 4 KNim? and flooring of | kN/m?,
Consider fe!
All beams
10 MPa, fy = 280 MPa, bars of 12 mm dia. .
eS
£@ 6.8m
Geometry of slab beam system
Solution :-
1, = 6000 ~ 300 = 5700mm.
J, = 6800 - 300 = 6500 mm
hy 2 ae .. = 159mm use 160mm
O88
Chek; Bs OK
60
Wap = 14 [016 (24) + 1.0] = 68 kN/m?
Wy = 17 [4.0] = 68 kNim?
Wy = 68 + 68 = 13.6 KN/m?
135 CL.
Ce
$3 4 S4
Sl 4 82
1
‘cl
Moments - coefficients :
[Si | ee | a (Cada | (Cada | Coda | (C)ea] Cua]
| SI 4 0.040 | 0.025 | 0.063 | 0.037
| S82 8 0.037 | 0.023 | 0.046 | 0.049
| $3 9 0,037 | 0.021 | 0.070 0.023
$4 | 2 0.035 | 0.021 | 0.057 | 0,034
18 16 4
IT 23
B (ZZ, = 19
Z
33 s x
4 g 3 Z 0
| 4
| g
7 LEZIELEEZIZEIEL a
1 7
Z
2 SI 8
| ;
3 9
6 4 12 10
136 MI3
Mi4
MIS
M16 =-13.22
MS = 13.22 M17 = 10.06
M6=-441 MI2=-28.16 |] M18 = -3.35
My = 0.063 (13.6) (57
27.84 KN.m/m
M) = [0.034 (68) + (0.04) (6.8)] (5.7)? = 1635 kN.mv/m
My = #833 = 545 kNumim
My = 0.037 (136) (65)? = 21.26 KN.m/m
Ms = [0.021 (6.8) + (0.025) (68)] (6.5)? = 13.22 KN.mv/m
M, = 0046 (13.6) (5.7)? = 2033 kN.m/m
Mg =[(0.027+0.037) (68)] (5.7)? = 1414 kD
My= ae = 471 KN.wim
nim
Mio = 0.049 (13.6) (6.5)* = 2816 KN.nvm
Mj, = {(0.018+0.023) (6.8)] (6.5)? = 11.78 kKN.m/m
My = 2816 kN.m/m
M3 = Mjs = 007 (136) (5.7) = 30.93 KN.mv/m
M4, = (0.027 + 0.037) (6.8) 67? = 1414 kKNun/m
Myo = (0.023) (13.6) (65) = 1322 KN.m/m
Myq = (0014 + 0021) (68) (65)? = 10.06 KN.m/m
Myg =-3.35KNan/m
Myy = May = 0.057 (136) (5.7)? = 2519 kN.nvm
May = (0.023 + 0.035) (68) (5.7)? = 12.81 kN.m/m
Mop =Mag = (0.034) (136) (65)
Mos = (0.013 + 0.021) (68) (65)? = LLLLLALLLLLA L MULL Ly,
3/7 [417 i
TA on
sas
139) i158
+1006
3/7 [ald
ahie +178
you
Bg) 1378 y
pivtar7 y
= T 7
[ Direction | section : pe 7 8 ]
mm mm
L ToR 1S | 0.00745 [117
| 2 0.004
= 4 129 | 0.00384
” 3 0.00248" |
a 13 0.0079 110
| £ 7 OR 2i 153
Z 8 3 261
| a 20 129 | 0.00363 241
9 0.00248" | 320
| 19 0.00644 | 136
j TOR 12 0.0075 128
| 3 0.00365 264
S i 117 | 0.00427 226
. o.00274* | 320
a 0.00875 | 110 _| (0.1228#
oe 0.00495 | 195 0.069
3 0.00274* 320 | 0.0347
4 117 | 0.0036 268 0.05
0.00274" | 320 | 0.0347
0.0061 159_| 0.085
Note :-For S$; =210 mm, $: = 350 mm, fs = 0.4 x 280 = 112 MPa
de =31 mm, Ky = 1.15, and Kz = 1.0, Oma = 0.39) | o 12/320 aan o— \
| 1} |
~ i i f ; |
| |
i
T
I bbe \
\ rT
| 7 | 8 |
| 11
Bottom Reinf. details
5 }
|
> 7 HH Ht
20 #13795 ae bt $28) |
Pgengee—t1]eeeteae ant \
| ]
|| ferme /
4139)
\4
Top Reinf. details
139 orl
a OFF
guys go jus
ut 091
uuveq jo yutas dor“ eis go juror dor
ur og’ wos
— tu 21 PLT 7 ——— wuz 61g ———
/
wu 21 9S ww zi $e
AS
tire eso
Y-V uopaag
uaa 909 Example (19) :-
For the floor system shown below, design the exterior spandrel beam A,B) for
combined torsion and shear.
Given :
ice L.L, = 2.4 kNim?
Slab thickness = 120 mm
All beam 350 mm x 730 mm
Exterior columns = 350 mm x 351
fe’ = 28 MPa, fy = 400 MPa
Solution :-
Loads on beam C:-C3 :
Wo = (0.12 x 24 ) (3.75) + (0.63 x 0.35 x 24) = 16.1 KNim’
Wh = 2.43.75 =9 kNim'
Vy = (14 x 16.1) + (1.7 x 9) = 37.84 kN/m
(350 x 750) + (120 x 480) = 320,100 mm?
x (350 + 750) + 2 x 480) = 3160: mm
X= 350-2 x (35 + (10/2)) = 270
Y= 750 ~2 x (35 + (10/2) = 670 zg
Aon = 270 x 670 = 180,900 mm?
A= 153,765 mm
Py = 2 x (270 + 670) = 1880 mm
141 Example (22) :-
Investigate negative moment region at B to determine the max. percent
moment adjustment.
Given:
Wyn = 20.4 KNim cee eee é
(Wy)iot, = 53.55 KN/m \ | I ni
78 py = 0.0278 A BL
0.0174 | eee EEE] Hey
Pras
Past
Solution :-
0.5 Pp = 0.5 x (0.0279/0.75) = 0.0185 > 0.0174
, moment redistribution is permissible at B
percent adjustment permitted = 20-24] 2 10.6%
k 2x 0,0185
Case (a)
Loading for +ve moment in span AB
KAAS
# + 7 7
Iw al ae
for Lremens | '
x | i
lee 4
Increase the -ve moment by 10.6% tozeduce the max. tve
100 +10.6
Adjusted M4 =109.3 { 20.9 KN.m
90.1 KN
5:
190.1x3.55
2
max, reduced +ve moment for span AB -( )- 120.9 = 216.5 KNm
144 Case (b)
Loading for mac. -ve moment at support B
D+L
Increase Ma by 10.6% ~. My= 104.5 KN.m
100 - 10.6
Decrease My by 10.6% - Mgy = 336x{ 120-108
ip by lat 700
& Mga = 289.7 kN.m
Increase Me by 10.6% ©. Mc=228.5 kN.m
300.4 kN.m
P|
= |+
= 104.5 =210.7 kKN.m
max. adjusted +ve moment for span AB (See)
Case (o)
Loading for max, +ve moment in span BC
Increase the -ve moment by 10.6% to-reduce the max. +ve
Adjusted Mgy = 198.5 x 1.106 = 219.5 kN.m
Adjusted Mgr = 233.6 x 1.106 = 258.4 kNam
4s S467 m
20.4
Notes :
* The increased -ve moments for case (a) are still less than the negative moment
occurring under case (b) (loading condition for -ve moments).
« The increased +ve moment for span AB in case (b) is still less than the adjusted
+ve moment occurring under case (a).
« The increased +ve moment for span BC for case (b) is still less than the adjusted
+ve moment occurring under case
Example (23) :
For the structure shown below, and the loading indicated, draw the B.M.D. and the
SED. and torsional moment diagram.
Given : B= 2.5 x 10" kNim’, G = 1.0 x 107 kN/m*
Vpn ISKN
146 Solution :-
(on = (My) of
(hoa = (Moa
Duetosymmeny >
Also
0.3x0.57
= 0.003125 m*
12
EI = 0.7813 x10° KN.m?
c
203? x05 (| _ 0.6303
eS 05
GC =0.28« 10% KN?
Rotation of part OB due to bending: (+
Pp? oWwi ML
eel EL
4 104 Ma
2H «OElOET
226.67_4xM
fer eI
(2.902 x 10°) ~ (5.12 M x 10°)
8
Rotation of part OA due to torsion
ae
°c
8) = 1.429 M x 10%
From (1) & (2):
1.941 M x 10% = 2.902 x 107
147
8x10 m4
>
aM
40m M495 kN
Bending Moment Diagrai
oun
E 3
c= KS
Shear Force Diagram
N95 4X
44
Torsion Moment Diagram
Example (24) :-
For the beam shown below, determine the values of maximum moment and maximum
shear due to indicated moving loads.
20kN 30 KN 40 KN
nvinginss |
148 Solution :.
Maximum Moment :
Case (I) : ifall loads are on the beam
R= Resultant of the loads = 90 KN
90
X) =2.8-2.0 = 0.80m
Place R and 30 KN at equidistant from beam C.L.,
ZIM@B=0
R= 20428 3940
6
(Max) arc = (39 x 2.6) — (20 x 2)
2: (Mas) ato = 61.4 KN.
Case (1) : if the 20 kN load moves off the span
R=30+40=70KN
00x28) 16m
X) =2.8-16=120m
149 Place R and 40 KN at equidistant from beam C.L.,
EIM@A=0: i aa {
70x24 R
Ry =28kN 30KN 1 | aon
'
(Minax) a0 = (28 x 2.4) ei) -EeE EEE eed ee) eee eee
J+ (Mas) at = 67.2 kN. wn (eee "K
i
ee
“4 t
osm 6m
Hence, the maximum moment is 67.2 kN.m
Maximum Shear :
For maximum shear place the 40 KN load just to the left of right reaction,
204N 30kN 40 KN
0KN
Note generally for maximum moment:-
The centerline of the beam should be at midway between the resultant of the loads (R)
and the critical load. The critical wheel load is normally the heavier of the two wheel
loads that adjacent the resultant.
However, in the continuous girders, such simple rules for positioning the live load are
generally not possible. It is usually necessary to analyze the structure and determine
the moment diagram along the girder for several positions of the live load
150 Example (25) :-
Determine the equivalent uniform loads delivered
from the slabs to beams FC and AFE. Given total
uniform factored load on slab = 12 KN/m?
Solution :~
Beam Fi
* Loads from slab ABCF
=16 KN/m
on W, 2
3
6 kNém
v
(Wy rou 1-15 14.625 +16] = 35.21875KN/m
35.21875 x 4?
8
M = 70.4375 kN.
‘sing the actual loads
Ry = 278R2
Mat =716x2-(26*2)(2) 68 kN.m
= 27.6 kN
LIS 124.5207 Nin
2 3
Ry = OTALS , 2TH1 os ers (ism jlom) 1m
2 2 f R
20.7 x 0,57
Mao =2sensx2-(222818 (95203) [207295"| 33.6375
(My Jig, = 70-4375 KN.m exactly as above.
151 Beam AFE 2*12=24 Nin
Using the actual loads
Assuming EI constant
15112 = 18 Nim
508 Lao 66
SWL? _5(24)(4)"
64 64
Using the equivalent uniform distributed load
For span AF
A kW oF 16eNim E
a (UIT TTTT)
3 f 7s 7
730m 7 ttm
For span FE
224 16 KN/m
3
2 2 -
(FEM),, = YE MBO" 2413.53
WL? _(16)(4)? __.
(FEM)pp = Fog 2 em
Dif = 7% ee ceerereeee eee
152 Example (26) :-
The bottom reinf. is stressed to its yield point directly under the concentrated
Joad at B where the moment is max. ,is sufficient embedment length available to
anchor the bars safely ?
Py Tea
1.65 m 3.0m | |
g10/185
4y stirrups = 280 MPa
Solution :- =
1g 209 Be ka Hs) ;
Vie xk, 4
Hetio iii sio at ao
Cy =40410+14 +2 10~14)=70 mm
Cy =40+10+14 = 64mm
250-(2x 70) _
Smm ,
_ Aw fy _ (157)(280)
= DES) 7.92 mm
05n 10x185%3
7 2754792 _ 1965
28 . ie
20922028 171mm a
120 x 1.265
Available length = 1650 - 50 = 1600 mm < 1871 (om good
If the width of the beam increase to 300 mm the C- value will increase to 40 mm
Cky (4047.92 19)
=1384:mm < 1600 Ok
Note:
Rule No. 6 should be check also.
153 Example (27
Determine if the transverse reinf. ( 16 / 200 ) shown in fig. satisfies the code req. for
anchorage
fe’ = 20 MPa TT
fy = 420 MPa
(AS Devo
400 mm,
Es) 350 mm
8 — 6 16/200 75
325mm Not good
Example (28)
An area of bottom flexural steel equal to 575 mm? is required to carry the negative
moment at support B in addition to 1548.5 mm in the top. If3 bers @ 16 mm are used
as bottom reinf. is sufficient length available for anchorage ?
fe =25 MPa
fy = 400 MPa 50.
8/200
504
w——————» sof 3616
1.55 mm Aug
=320 mm > 0.044 x 400 x 16 = 282
Ly =320%093=304 mm
Solution :-
PB, = 1.4 (40)+1.7(20)=90 kN
M y= (90)(1.5)= 135. kN.m
Case I
Flexure
500-35 - 8-10 = 447 mm
My 135 10°
gfe! 0.9 x 20x 300 x (
i= 0125x256
118
= 00068, => As=912mm* , use 3920
147)
0.136
°
ASproy = 942.5 mm?
, Or = 0.007
45400
Sx 085" x20%05 _ gnrgns
400
Prnin < Past < Pro Ok.
158 Check bar spacing :
y= (300420) -(6x8445) _
ee
Check cracking .
4, =, =354+8+10=53
x53
A=
10600
06 x 4004/53 x 10600 =19800 OX.
Shear:
90 kN
20x 300 447
0OkN
50 kN
100 x 400 x 447
~ (406 = 10010
19
‘max S 2 < controls ’.use 200 mm
(3x100%400)/_ agg
: Moo aa
Development length
33
Part ab :
kp=13
ky =10
212 «0967
9425
= 100% 400 _ gy 300
10% 200%3
ae BESET 261 = use 25
1, = 29% 800%20%13 0967 _ 559 san 3 300
25 ¥20
Available length = 1450>810 OK
156 Part bec:
Available length be = 400 mm 4) 3920
< Req. (810) ie
© Try to use standard hook
20x 400 50]
=4472 mm
420 - Jo
30 +| «a «
Side cover =35+8+(2x8-10)+75 = 124 mm eae
Tail cover = 50mm Peer a
Factor 0.7 may be used. “7150
Since there are no special stirrups,
factor 0.8 can not be used.
Excess reinf, = 0.967
Lgy = 4472 x 0.7 x 0.967 = 303 mm
<400 OK.
Since it is a continuous end
No special stirrups are required.
Case II
Flexure
0.
p=001238, = As=989mm?, use 2626
ASpo, = 10618 mm?
Check crack width :
= 35 +8413 =56
4
2x
2x180%56 _ j9980
2 =06 x 400 ¥56x 10080 = 19830
Bar spacing :
180 should be > 2x35 + 2x8 + 2x26 + 26 + 2x(2x8-13)=170 > OK Shea
20x 180x444
=59.6kN
Vy,
—1 =106 > Me
2
eu = MOO 400 4 383 mm
(106 ~ 59.6)10
[cram
Spa $ {222mm © controls -.use 200 mm
ibs 100% 400) 656
Development length
6 1602mm > 1450. Not good
Try to use standard hook :
1, 26400 og
peace
Side cover = 35 + 8 + (2x8 - 13) = 46 mm < 60
Tail cover = 50 mm
Factor 0.7 can not be used .
Ly, = 581.4 «0.93 = 541 < 1430 OK
Since the hook is located at discoritinuous end with both side cover and top cover less
than 60 mm, special stirrups at S <3dy, should be provided along
Lay (S=3x26=78 , use 75mm)
158 Part b-c:
Ly = 581.4 mm 2426
Side cover = 46+ 82-180 4g { I TI
Tail = 50
Factor 0.7 may be used
Excess reinf, factor = 0.93
Lay = 581.4 «0.70.93 = 379 mm < 400
No special stirrups are required
Example (30) =
For the cantilever show bel
is sufficient anchorage leng
wv, 4 16 mm bars terminated with a standard 90 “hook
ch available in the column ?
A column
2416 7
£ x
x
{ > fe so
=375.7 mm 60 ae
ELEVATION
Concrete cover
side cover = 60
tail cover = 60 > 50 7)
factor 0.7 may be used
gs jreeenassassssseenenanassaset
Excess reinf, iiuk | FesansStannsSnGnainsaninessaiy Lo
360 _ 490 ae a
402 60. PLAN
Ly =375.7 x 0.70 x 0.90 =237 mm
Since 237 < available = 400-60 = 340
*. The anchorage is satisfactory
159 Example (31) :-
Is the 616 mm bar shown in figure safely anchored by standard 90° hook? Stress at the
critical section = 0.9 fy, top and side cover equals 55'mm. Repeat if top and side cover
increase to 65 mm,
fo! = 25 MPa ot6
fy = 420 MPa
Solution +- sono] Ae
Ly = LORY 336mm
4V25
—
Case T 300
side cover < 60 then the factor 0.7 does
not apply,
Loy = (336)(0.9) = 302.4 mm > 8x16
> 150mm
available anchorage length = 250 <302.4 Not good
Case It
side cover 65 > 60
‘over = 50
factor 0.7 may be used
Lan = (336)(0.79(0.9
mm<250 OK
Example (32) :-
The § 34 mm diameter bar show in figure which terminates with a standard hook,
has 50 mm of top and side cover. If the max. steel stress develops at the support, what is
in, length of the overhang required to anchor the 6 34?
fe’ = 25 MPa
fy=350 MPa
Solution :-
1, = GAG50)
6S
since side cover < 60 then the factor 0.7
does not apply
side cover and top < 60 mm
hooked bars shall be enclosed within tes or stirrups spaced < 3d)
and for this case 0.8 shall not apply
34 OK.
95 mm > 8x34
> 150
L in = 595 +50 = 645 mm
= 595mm
160 Example (33) :-
‘The following figure shows a cantilever beam containing reinf. which is anchored in the
column by standard 90° hooks, fe’ = 20 MPa, fy = 420 MPa, Assuming the steel is
stressed to yield at the column face, determine the largest size bar which
* Can be anchored by hooks into the column. The tail cover 45 mm. The joint is
enclosed by stirrups at 150 mm.
* Can be developed in the beam the bar ends 50 mm from the end of the beam.
3 37
;
202 |
450 | #8180 A B8"s0 ELEVATION
|
y Mt
450 1200
Solution :-
* Side cover > 60, tailcover <50 , then the factor 0.7 shall not apply.
Ly = Se
ave
S for stirrups = 150> 3d
:. Factor 0.8 also shall not apply
3y 2 Available length = 405 mm
ate
(4051020) 795mm (use 16 mm)
dere 420
,=10
100% 420 _
10%150x2
ty k,=25
161 Available length /,=1150mm
: 7 n
300 dl een
A
——— —*
400 400
SEC. A-A
Solution :-
Try to use straight embedment :
ky =top bars factor = 13
= 4005200 1005 =50
162 25,
= 1308mm > 350
Since a straight embedment is inadequate, anchorage with standard 90” hook is required
(400)(25)
Lyy = SOS)
we 420
= 559mm
Side cover 87.5 > 60 , and tail cover = 50
«factor 0.7 may be used
Lay = (559}(0.7) = 391.3 mm > 350 Not good
*, hooks should be enclosed within ties spaced < 3d,
=75 mm
to use the factor 0.8
Lan = (559)(0.7)(0.8) = 313 mm <350 OK
wo]
4
* t+
6 @ 75 = 450> 4
50)
163 Example (35) :=
Design the tension lap splices for the grade beam shown below.
Cover =75 mm
Stirrups §12/ 350 (entire span)
@ section (a) (As)eq, = 656 mm?
@ section (b) (As)req = 1944 mim?
Note :
Preferably, splices should be located away from zones of high tension. For a typical
grade beam, top bars should be spliced under the columns, and bottom bars about
midspan between columns. Even though, in this example, the splice at (a) is not
a preferred location, the moment at (a) is relatively small. Assume for illustration that
the splices must be located as shown.
Solution :-
‘Assume all bars spliced at the same location.
Clear spacing between bars =
400-2 75—2%12—4 x 28-2(2x12
2.C)= center to center spacing of bars = 31.3
()=75+12+14= 101 mm
9.65 mm
geo es
For section b-b : ‘ Ht 612
k= 225220. 67g
10% 350%4 |
i
c= 29654678 13 2 25 | |
28 He TS
1, = 09X20 28x11) 1559 nm ~—4_
E 13x28
(As
(As)poitt 2463 97 29
(As)eq 1944
+. Class B splice should be used .
L,= 1.3 x 1539 = 2000 mm
164 It is better practice to stagger alternate lap splices a lap length. As a result, the clear
spacing between spliced bars will be increased with a potential reduction of
development length.
Alternate lap splice stagger arrangement
2 C3 = center to center of bars being developed = $9.3 186mm, €
p= 75+ 12+14= 101 mm, =. C=593 mm
Reon naUt i396
10% 350%
39341356 36> 25 3 1. Ky=25
28
0x28 x1 x 1x1
Ly ee = 800 mm
7 2.5028
3x800=1040 mm, ratio =
For section a-a:
If alternate lap splices are staggered ( As spliced = 30% )
©. Class A splice may be used ......... LOLg
Fortop bars = Ki=13
2. Lg = 800 x 1
= 1040 mm
L,=Ly= 1040 mm
165 Example (36) :- i
Design a compression lap splice for the tied column
shown below. Assume all bars in compression.
Given:
fe = 28 MPa S
fy = 420 MPa \~ @ 10-400
Solution :.
0.0015 h $= 0.0015 x 400 x 400 = 240 mm? > 157 mm?
factor 0.83 can not be used
L, = 0.073 fy d, = 0.073 x 420 x 28 = 859 mm > 300 mm
Example (37) :-
Design the lap splice for the tied column
detail shown,
Given:
fe! =30 MPa
400 mm.
As=4 625 (above and below floor level)
cover =35 mm
Py = 1620 kN
Solution :-
Gravity loads :
=0.70
:. From interaction diagram, for p= 1.23% fs <0
166 :. All bars in compression and compression lap splice
could be used. (e/n = 12.92/40 = 0.03)
0.0015 h $= 0.0015 x 400 x 400 = 240 mm? > 157 mm?
factor 0,83 can not be used
L, = 0.073 fy dp = 0.073 x 400 x 25 = 730 mm > 300 mm
Gravity + Wind load :
0 < fs < OS
bout all bars spliced at the same location
use class B tension
Cy = C2 = 35 +104+252=575 a, @
za
ca
9x 400 x25 x1x1x1
25x 30
1.3 x 658 = 855 mm
= 658 mm
couse 855 mm.
167 Example (38) :
For the cantilever shown, determine the distance (x ) from the support to the point
where 2 $ 25 may be cut-off.
fe'=20 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
(AS)ceq, at section (1)
y sen
316 mm? on
\ ron
y TTT 700
SAUTE
p iaii4o
Solutio
Moment capacity of remaining bars (3 $ 32)
2412.7 420
~ 085% 20x00 ~ 4
aes 149,
Mn = 09241227 «420 (700 - “S°)= $704 kN
Point (O) is the theoretical cut-off point of 2 25
(260) (x)
+: S704 = Rule 1 110 130
é=700mm + controls t
as
12d = 300 mm H
2x=03+07-10m L
0.40 10.70) 1.30,
os
Rule 2 f
\ 20
Bars must Extend La from point of eager erereeree
max. stress. 4
For bars 25 mm diam.
> . CG =65mm
- [157% 420
" |0x140%
3.44 use 2.5
i 21.0% 0977) -1100mm > 300mm
(2.5) (120)
X + We have to use Ld to satisfy Rude 2
For bars 32mm diam.
(As)rq at section a-a
via = 2202s en
p= 0.00776,
As= 2173.7 mm
Kr=1.3, R=10, Ks = 0.9, Ka=25
C3 = 65, C2 =40 + 10+ 16 = 66
Ky =| 1220s 7
10x140%3
654157
32
09 x 420 x 32(13 x 1.0 x10 x 09)
(25) (20)
K =252 = Use 25
Le
=1266mm_ < available length
2.0 - 0.04 = 196 m OK.
Rule 3
‘Vu at cut-off point = 260x 1.30 = 338 KN
y.n157% 420% 700 3994 4
= 140
169 20 x 400 x 700
61000
Vu=338 > 2 085(20874329.7) = 3051 KN
3
208.7 kN
Condition I Not satisfied
Condition II
260 x 130°
(MU) getrea a eut-of point = =~ = 219.7 KN.
Mi
py = 010623
ote! ba
@ = 0.065
(As)geq, = 863 mm?
(As)proy, 23. 32 = 2412.7 mm?
(AS)prov. > 2 (A8)Reg
38 < 085% =(20874529.1) = 343.2 KN OK
Note:
‘The condition Il is satisfied ,so there is no need to satisfy the condition IIT ,but for
more explanation we test it
Condition IIT
At cut-off point the required
Vs= 7 = Ve = 397.6 - 208.7 = 188.9 KN
(Avpeg = WES 188.910? x140
Rea Bg 420% 700
(AV)provides = 2 6 10 = 157 mm?
= 89.95 mm”
(AV)exess = 157 - 89.95 = 67.05 mm? > cease = 5334 mm?
700
= —_— =-303 wl
S140 < —agrgg 2908 mm
3394.49
pO) © Condition III satisfied. OK
10 m
170 Example (39) :-
The beam of the accompanying
Fig. is to carry two concentrated
loads shown (neglect beam Wt).
Determine the lengths of bars if
two bars in both the positive and
negative moment regions are to be
terminated as soon as practical.
The remaining bars are to be
extended as required by the Code,
Given :
b= 200 mm,
d=16mm, d.=8mm ioe
Conerete cove:
‘Column size
Solution :- R
wn for flexure : 2om yy tS tsa 30m
Assume d= 400 mm
120%10°
# 0.9 20% 200% 401
© = 0.2432, p= 0.0128
Ag= 1024 mm? > Use $616 mm
Check : for the assumed depth
3x 514292
4, = = 67.4 mm
Actual d= 475 67.4 = 407.6 mm
= 0.2325
. > (As)eeg. = 997.7 mam?
Use 59 16mm > (As)noy. = 1005 mm?
n for shear
BOKN, 80KN
120, 200« 407.6 |
6 1000
V, = 60.76 kN
Ve< Neeoaa <3Ve d/2 = 203.8 mm € controls
Soma S 600 mm,
3x 100380
200
=570mm
Srey = 100% 380% 4076 = 64. 003.8 mm
(04.1 = 60.76)x10° _—
2 Use $ = 200 mm
Check eracking +
2x 67.4 x
Aw 2X674% 200
3
Z= 0.6 x 380 x Y51x 5392
= 14,826 < 25,000 O.K for both exposures
5392
Cut-off points :
Az=negative moment reinforcement :
120
80
atl
Bars (2) ~ (2)
Capacity of remaining bars (3 6 16)
475-51 = 424 mm
a= 674mm
$M, = 0.9 x 603 x 380 x (424 ~ (67.4/2)) = 80 KN.m
Rule 1
=424
Xi (i | > Use X= 500mm
im Rule 2
Ki=13 K,=08 Ks = 997.7/1005 = 0.99
Cys35+848=51
C2 =92 i
C3 = (200 — (2 x 51))/2= 49 Pereeeeeeeeeree
1 C=49 mm ae 3 |
100 x 380 =95 a |
10x 2002 | |
K, = 225 3.66 Users ‘i [se fe
0.9 16 380 x 1.3 x 0.8 0.99
2.5xV20
From column face to end 2= (500 + S00-150)>504 0. K
From column face to end 2' = (670 + 500 — 150) > S04 0.
=504 mm
Rule 3:
At cut-off point (2) ¢
d= 424 mm
= 80.56kN,
0.85 x (63.2 + 80.56) = 81.46 > 800.K
At cut-off point (2)! :
81.46 >60 O.K
Bars (1) - (1):
Rule 4 :
d=424 = Controls
Xp2 124, =192 2. Use Xp= $00 mm
La _ 5700 _ 355
16 16
Rule 2:
Kiz13 9 K2=08 — K3=10
35 +8 48+ (2x 8-(16/2)) =59
C2=35+8+8=51
200-2%35 ax8-3116-2«(208-4
Clear spacing bet. Bars = 7
C3 = (25 + 16)/2=20.5 mm
- C=205mm
1B es 100 x 380 =633
10x 200«3
+20,
16
_ 0.9% 16x 380x 1.30.8
< 1.68 x 20
5+0.5-0.5>0.758 O.K
0 - 0.67 - 0.05 > 0.758 OK
1.68
Ky
758 mm
x:
Xe
B= positive moment reinforcement :
Lim 30m 1
Bars (3) ~ (3)'
X)=0.5m
Xs=10+05= 150m
Xe=0.5+05=1.0m
La = 509/ 1.3 =392 mm
Rule 2
Xs>La
Xe>La
Rule 3
At cut-off point (3) :
2 (Vet Vs) = 81.46 > 800.K
At cut-off point (3) :
2 # (e+ Va) =8L46> 40 0, K
174 Bars (4) ~(4)
Rule 5
For end 4 (simple support) 36 16> (Asho /3
Forend 4" (cont. support) 3.6 16> (Ashu. /4
Rule 6
At cutoff point 4
: 5 583. < 13x 8220 49-2889 mm
) 40.0
d At cut-off point 4
M, =88.9 KNan
g Vu= 80.0 KN 3}
L,= 1500 > the larger of 424 & 192
2 Ly 424 mm ee
A 583 {13x 889410" 5 4oqni868 mm O.K
fo ¢ A 00
cpate ttn
vote See
TCT
sale / 2416 /
uy
175 Example (40) :-
The beam shown carries Wu = 57 KN/m’ including beam dead weight. Based on the
moment at midspan, the midspan section is reinforced as shown in section A-A..
The 2625 are to be run into the supports 200 mm, but the 2 4 22 bars are to be
terminated when they are no longer required. Determine the minimum distance they
must extend from the beam «/
fy = 420 MPa
Stirrups shown in SEC. A-A are used throughout of beam,
© Column size 300 x 300,
“ef
Solution :-
At mid span , factored moment
57x66" _ 9 Z 0
Mu=2"°—=3104 kN.m en
Mu.
$f! bd?
o= 0.189
SFD -
(A8) eq, = 1579.5 mm? X Vin
(AS)proy, =1742 mm? -
0.168
Capacity of 26 25
a= S8LTS 420 59.85 min
0.85 x 20x 300
595 80.85
Mn =0.9x 981.75 x 420 (585-57 )= 202.1 kN
Point O is the theoretical cut-off point of 2 6 22, the change in moment from
wx?
midspan to Point © = 108.3 = ~~~ area of shear.
2 X= V38 =1949m
176 Rule 1
d=585mm_ < controls
12do= 12 (22) = 264 mm
Rule 2 (2922):
KG = (1579.5 1742) = 0.91
—*)=27.5 mm
2
a = 980 mm > 300 mm
L) = 1.949 + 0.585 = 2.534 > 0.980 OK
et CL. (beam)
6 m instead of 2.534 m VS
Rule 2 (2$25) >
Ki= 10, K2=10, K3s=10
Ch. 1401
C= 248+ (2)- 625mm t f :
2 H ; 020
4 168mm 3 C3=84mm | ! T
. ! '
Ky
0.9 x 420 x 25(1.0 x LO x 10)
25) (/20)
Le = 845 mm
<140l mm OK
7 «57 =148.2 KN
V20 x 300 x 585=130.8 kN
22.85 KN
Condition I
Zo¢ve+Vs)=143 74 KN <148.2 KN Not OK
At cut-off point (Mu)racores= 117.7 KN.m
— MY 20.064
bie’ bd
= 0.066
(AS) peg, = 554 mm?
(AS) provided = 225+ 981.75 mm?
(AS) provided <2 (AS) Rea,
Condition! Nor OK
Condition IIT
At cut-off point the required
ys- St ve = 482 i308 = 4355 kN
$ 085
VS)naS
(Ape = Wns 35.45 mm?
fyd
(AN)eses: 7100 -35.45 = 64.55 mm?
(AV) eeu = 64.55> ose =57.14 mm? OK
g=200 > 4. = 585 _-167.55 mm Not OK
Bd g, 764
“1742
Reduce spacing of stirrups 262
along 0.75d from cut-off point HL
to 160 mm < 167.55 mm or
extend all bars into support.
2625
e——I
| 3x 160>0,75d
—* 480 > 439
178 Rule 5
2. 25 are to be run into supports > As/3 OK
And extended into support 200 mm > 150 mm O.K
Rule 6
At simple support
L213 8 at :
a S13 UE + Le
Vu= 188.1 kN
Mn = 202.1 /0.9= 224.6 KN.m
La=50 mm
PiU aesetrteeepsaes 5
TH 0 = 1602 mm OK
845 < 13x
+50
3u.
179 Example (41) :-
Determine lengths of top and bottom bars for the exterior span shown below.
Given:
Solution :
~~
~ 362.8
shear & moment for max. -ve
moments after redistribution
Wu = 90 KN/m!
a
~ 3058
shear & moment for max. +ve
moments after redistribution
Design for flexure
Section | Mu @ 2% | Ad)re (Asdprvied |
| I 316.4 | 0.1245 0.1350 0.966 1875 46 25 = 1963 ron”
eee 360.4 | 0.1419 0.1563 1116 2166
3 506.3 | 0.1993 0.231 | 1.648 3197
* Pina = 0.
180 Design for shear :
V, at d from fact
= 362.8 -90 x 0.485 = 319.2 BN
oVe 985210 p93 485-1505 KN
for $= 200 319.2 KN
use 6 12 @ 200 mm (entire span)
o%s
195.6 KN
Bar lengths for bottom reinforcement :
Rule 5
(Asia) of #ve reinf. must extended at least
150 mm into supports, nr a
«Extend 2 6 25 and cutoff 2 6 28 within ¢ } sy
the span, ns \
3004
Capacity of 2.25:
ne 2817820 _ 40.4 mm
0.85% 30% 400
{ 40.4)
OM, =0.9x 981 7 420%| 485 24) eins KN.m
Theoretical cut-off points (e, f) for 2 4 28
God
90
x (366-X)90
4 5.66 m
f
Length ed = £
172.5= 7
ef = 5.66 -2 (0.785) = 4.09 m
Rule 1
4=485 > controls
12 dy = 12 x 28 = 336
“= actual cut-off points at e & f°
= X= 0785 m
ost, 109.0488
Rule 2
for cut-off bars 2 28 : Ki= 10
K2= 10
Ky = 2166/2213 = 0.98
Clear spacing
1st Rule 2
Rule 3
(La),s=— 25x ¥30
Distance en = 4.03 - (2.53 - 0.485) = 1.985 m > 0.69m OK
ca fice,
HOS
226%420 _
10x 200x2—
42.85 + 23.73
28
0.9. 420 x 28x 11x 0.98
23.73
=238 < 25
796 mm
9 x 420 x 25
= 690 mm
2.53 - 0.485) =1.725m > 0.69m OK
349.2190 = 3.88, 325,890 = 3.62
0.15 +388 = 4.03 0.15 43.62=3.7
At cut-off point (e')
Vi, at cut-off point (e
Vi," 346.1 KN
2,53 x 90 = 227.7 KN
Condition (1):
(2/3) Vy = 230.7 KN > 227.7KN OK
For illustrative purpose, determine if the other two conditions are also satisfied:
Condition (2)
At cut-off point (¢)) the factored moment M, ==——-—" = 72.36 KN.m
90 x 0.3 x 5.36
2
182 OR 360.4— .36 KN
Ky=0,028, @= 0.029, p=0.0021 E
(As)req. = 402. mm’, (AS)provides (2625) = 981.7 mm?
(AS) proves > 2 (AS)g
(3/4) 346.1 > 227.7 KN (this condition is also satisfied)
Condition (3);
2x 615.95
Ba = 3 yg1575+2% 49087
ad 485
3p, 7 3x056 7)”
S > 109 Not OK (this condition is not satisfied)
Rule (6)
Bar lengths for top reinforcement :
3164 —-
distance from column face to point (*) = (7.5 - 3.88) - 2.5.
Vu = 325.8 -90 x 1.09=227.7 KN O.K as above
For.2625 (past PLL):
72.5
M <= =191.7 KNm
5,66/2) x 90 = 254.7 kN
12d, = 300
d = 485 — controls
1917108
3x + 485 = 146. OK
690 < 13x Fafa +485 = 1463 mm
Y (312.2-90X1)
@) Exterior column : YW t
[szas(ua-omu)), : o“€ a
SI '
L 2
X= 1.234
controls
Extend all bars beyond P.I. (a) for a distance 485 mm_
Rule (2)
C= 61.5
Clear spacing between bars
183 _ 400-237-2412 — 4x25 = 2024-12.
3
=59.7 mm
2; =59.7+25= 84.7 mm
235mm = +. C=4235 mm
a a
Ky = Sh Shee 1875 9.96
(S)provises 1963
1, 3 226# 120 L197
10x 200%4
K, = 23SH1L87 217 < 25
5
0.9 420 «25x11 0.9613
(tg = DEOL IOS 995 mm
217 x V30
Length Ga > Ly OK
‘Anchorage of bars into exterior column
Ly = 420%23 = 479.3 mm
4x30
side cover >> 60 (transerve bearns)
tail cover=50 => «. factor 0.7 can be used
Since there are no special stirrups => factor 0.8 can not be used
Lin= 0.7 x 479.3 x 0.96 = 322 m <350 mm OX
w
b) Interior column
Rule (4)
Extended all bars beyond PI. (b) for b b L
adistance 483 mm. 2 ele
s53- [SBS PON), =0 5 738 328
Rule (2):
Cy= 37 +12 432/2 = 65
Clear spacing between bars=50.33 mm
0.33 +32 = 82.33 mm
210, Ky=1.66
Le stiaped 12,@ 200-—*)
eel tl
1.66 x ¥30
=1730 mm
" Selected bar lengths "
Length Lb'> 1730 mm.
1st Example (42) :-
Calculate and plot the Pa - Mn interaction capacity
diagram for the given column about Y-axis,
As: = As; = 3900 mm”
As = 1950 mm?
fe! = 21 MPa
fy =280 MPa
Solution :-
Point 1 Pureaxialcomp. Pn» ( e=0)
Ac = S00 x 600 - (2x 3900 + 1950) = 290,250 mm?
Pn =0.85x 21 x 290,250 + 9750x 280= 7911 kN
Point 2 Balance (e=ey)
Cy = ( 600 / (600 + 280 }) x
24 = 304mm,
5=358 mm
Cheek
(Es: / 167) = (0.003 /358) => Est = 1.4 x 105 = 8)
Exactly
f3; = 280 MPa (tension )
(82/38) =( 0.003 /358) = Es =4.86 x10"
f= 97.2 MPa (comp. )
(83 /0.003 )=( 283/358) =
f83 = 280 MPa( comp. ).
Fs; = 3900 x 280 = 1092 KN (tension ).
1950 x (97.2 - 0.85 x 21) = 154.7 KN (comp.)
3900 x (280 - 0.85 x 21) = 1022.4 KN ( comp.)
85 x21 x 500 x 304=2713.2 kN (comp,
2713.2 + 1022.4 + 154.7 -1092 =2798 KN
Mn = (1092 +1022.4) x 225 + 2713.2 x 148 = 877 KN.m
Point 3. Pure moment Mn (e=%)
Try C =115mm, a =97.75 mm
f5 = 600 x ((115-75)/115) = 209 MPa ( comp.)
(Es2/ 185) =(0.003/ 115) => &s2 = 4.80 x 10? => fs)=280 MPa (tension )
185 80 MPa (tension )
3900 x 280 = 1092 kN
Fsz = 1950 x 280 = 546 kN
Fs3 = 3900 x (209 - 0.85 x 21) = 745 kN
Ne= 0.85 x21 x 500x 97.75 = 872 KN
Check
LForce 872 +745 -$46 - 1092 = -21 #Zero
Try C =116mm, a =98.6mm
fi,
fs
Fs,
sp
Fs;
12 MPa
fs; = 280 MPa
1092 KN
546 KN
3900 x (212- 0.85 x 21)= 757 KN
Ne=0.85 x21 x 500 x 98.6= 880 KN
LF = 880 +757 -$46 -1092 = Zero
Mn = ( 1092 + 757)( 225) + (880)( 250.7 )= 637 KN.m
Point 4 Pointincomp.zone (e¢ Es: = 3.53 x 107% !
f= 70.6 MPa ( comp.)
(£52 / 295) = ( 0,003 (595) => 52 = 1.487 x 107
f= 280 MPa(comp.).
cae te Bae
fs; = 280 MPa (comp.). t }
ais
Fs, = 3900 x 70.6 = 275.3 KN pia -
Fsz = 1950 x (280 - 0.85 x21 )=511.2 KN eae aee
Fs; = 1022.4 KN
Ne=0.85 «21 500 x $05 = 4507.1 KN
Pa = 4507.1 + 1022.4 + 511.2 + 275.3 = 6316 kN
Mn = ( 1022.4 -275.3 ) x 225 + 4507.1 x 47.5 = 382 kN.m
186 Point 5 Point in tension zone (¢>es)
C =235 mm, a =200 mm 7 }
(51/290 ) = (0.003 /235) => Est > by Ieee
f= 280 MPa (tension) >t
(52/65) =( 0.003 /235)=5 &s2 =8.30x 10-4 ee mid
#)= 166 MPa (tension ). Le Ieee
(Ess (160) =( 0.003 /235) > Ess> by eet
3 = 280 MPa (comp. ). Net
Fue
092 kN 200
1950 x 166 = 323.7 kN rae
= 1022.4 KN jm_j_ ms
.85 x21 x $00 x 200 = 1785 kN
1785 + 1022.4 - 1092 - 323.7 = 1392 kN
Ma = (1092 +1022.4 ) x 225 + 1785 = 200= 833 KN.m
Point 6 Pure axial tension (e=0)
T= (2x 3900 +1950 )x 280 = 2730 KN
Pa kN *
compression
z
-1500
-3000
Po ~ Mn Interaction diagram about Y-Y
187 Example (43) :-
Use the general method of strian compatibility and equilibrium to design the
given column , fe’ =20 MPa, fy =400 MPa
Py =1000KN , Pp =395KN Service loads
Mp=100KN.m =, Mp=45kN.m Service loads
Solution :- v3as ce Me
\ weast | usast WAST
Pu =14 x 1000 + 1.7 x 395 = 2071 KN ST
Mu=14 10041745 =216.5kN.n . | 3 | | 300
sel. 3
Pn =Pu/§=2071 / 0.7 = 2958.6 kN 60 or 60
Mn =Mu/6=216.5/0.7 = 309.3 KNm noo
wey 8 Sy
et & r 0
Try C= 525 mm get fom
By
i,
3; = (15 x 600/525) c
f2 = (145 x 600/525)
f= GOS x 600/ ATEEEEES
(465 x 600 / 625
Bi Fa
1 Ast yo Ale
4.79 Ast
55.26 Ast 160 30189 160
4
127.67 Ast rsarsot
2275.88 kN Ie
IM= plastic centroid
309.3 x 10 © = 2275.88 x 103 ( 76.875 } + ( 127.67 + 5.71) x 240 Ast
+ (55.26 -24.79 ) x 80ASt
:Ast=3900mm? 2
.C should be reduced use c= 518 mm
Try C=518mm
fs) = (22x 600/ 518) A8 MPa
fs) = (138 x 600 / 518) = 159.85 MPa
£53 = (298 x 600 / 518) = 345.17 MPa
fq = (458 x 600 /518)=400 MPa
27.67 Ast
Ne = 2245.53 KN
188 2958.6
As
2245.53 + ( 127.67 + 54.7 + 23.81 - 8.49 )Ast / 1000
607 mm > 1
¥M= plastic centroid
309.3 x 10 © = 2245.53 x 10?( 79.85 } + ( 127.67 + 8.49 ) x 240 Ast
54.7 - 23.81 ) x 8OAst
Ast=3698 mm > 2
© should also be reduced
Ty C= 516mm
fai = (24x 600/516) =27.91 MPa
2 = (136 x 600 / 516) = 158.14 MPa.
fs3 = (296 x 600 / 516) = 344.19 MPa
fs, = 400 MPa
Ast
Ast
Ast
136.86 KN
2958.6 = 2236.86 + ( 127.67 + 23.52 + 54.53 - 9.3 Ast / 1000
3675 mm? 1
LM = plastic centroid
309.3 10° = 2236.86x 10°( 80.7) + ( 127.67 + 9.3 ) x 240 Ast
+ (54.53 -23.52 x 80Ast
Ast=3643mm? > 2
since Ast from eq.2 < Ast from eq.1
s.¢ should be increased
Try C=516.3 mm
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ast
2 = 23.59 Ast
Fs; = 54.57 Ast
Fey = 127.67 Ast
Ne =2239.03 KN
‘Ast from eq.1 = 3658 mm?, & Ast from eq.2 = 3656 mm?
“Ast Reg.=3658mm? => use 12620, __ Ast 3770. mm*
189 Example (44) :-
Use the general method of strain compatibility and equilibrium to determine the
nominal load ( Pn ) for the given section -
fo’ =20 MPa, fy
Solution :-
Try C= 294mm, a= 250mm
f5 = 146 x 600 / 294 = 298 tens.
10 x 600 /294 = 184 tens.
4 x 600 / 294
78 x 600 / 294
= 300 comp.
314x298 = 93.62 KN
628% 184 = 115.61 KN
628x (90-17) = 45.84 KN
628 ( 300-17)
Fs5=314 x (300-17)
Ne =0.85% 20x mx 2507/2 = 1668.97 KN
Xc=4R /3x= 4% 250/37 = 106.1 mm
& forces
Pn = 1668.97 + 88.9 + 177.72 + 45.84 - 115.61 - 93.62 = 1772.2 KN
¥ Mn about Pc
Prix 75 = 1668.97 106.1 + ( 93.62 + 88.9 )x 190 + (115.61 + 177.72 )x 134
Pn=3348KN # 1772.2 kN
Try C=440mm, a= 374mm
fs, = zero
fir =56x 600/440
f53= 190 x 600/440 = 259.1 MPa
fsq= 324 x 600 /440 00 MPa ;
fs =300 MPa
| rT #31
q 14 a
g
op.
190 cos! (124/250) = 60.26 ° > a =120.52°
5R?(a-Sina)
—[(2R Sin (a/2) 12 Ao]
2507/2) x (2.104 - 0.861) = 38,844 mm *
7 x 38,844 = 661
(A deomp. = %X 250? — 38,844 = 157,506 mm?
Ne =17x 157,506 = 2677.6 kN
X =250-(300 sin 60.26?) / (12 x 38,844 )=
© forces
Pr = 2677.6 + 177.81 + 88.91 + 152.12 + 47.98 =3144.5 KN
¥ Mn about Pc
Pax 75 = 660.3 x (250 - 74.45 ) + (88.91) x 190 + (177.81 - 47.98) 134
Pn=2002.8 KN = 3144.5 KN
314.5 mm.
MPa
2.7 MPa
94.6 MPa
300 MPa
00 MPa
4x 600/370
20 x 600 / 370
4.26 KN
111.6 kN
177.81 kN
Fs5= 88.91 kN,
a/2= cos" ( 64.5 /250)= 75.05 °
a =150.1°
‘A, = (2507/2 )x (2.62 - 0.498 ) = 66312.5 mm?*
N, =11273KN
(A Jeomp = nx 230? - 66312.5 = 130.037 mm*
Ne =2210.6 KN
X =250-(500 sin 73.05°)'/ (12 x 66312.5) = 108.33 mm _,
© forces
> — Pn =2539 kN
& Mn about P.c
> = Pn=2788 KN
11 Try C= 384mm
fe; = 56x 600/384
= 134x 600/384 =
268 x 600/384
27.49 kN
zero
Fs = 120.88 KN
Fsy= 177.81 kN
Fss = 88.91 KN Se
26.4
a/2=cos*(76.4/250)=72.2°
l4aas
(2502/2 )x (2.52 - 0.582) = 60,559 mm?
N, = 1029.5 kN
(AJcomp = nx 250? - 60,559 = 135,790 mm?
N, = 1029.35 kN
Ne =2308.4kN
K=250-( 500 sin 72.2 °) 3/ (12 x 60559 ) = 101.53 mm
& forces
Pn = 2308.4 + 88.91 + 177.81 +120.88 - 27.49 = 2668.5 kN
Mn about P.c
Pax 75 = 1029.5 x (250 - 101.53) + (27.49 + 88.91 ) x 190 + 177.81 x 134
Pn = 2651 kN
*.Pn = 2660 KN
Diff. = 0.66 % very small
Example (45) :-
Solve example (43) using design charts
Solution :-
Pu =2701KN& = Mu=216.5KNm
Pu/ Ag = 2071 x 10° / (300% 600 )= 11,50
Mu/ Agx h= 216.5% 10°/(300x 6007
y = (600 - 60 - 60 ) / 600 = 0.8
2.00
Use chart (fe'=20, fy=400, 7=0.8) with the values Pu/Ag = 11.50 & MWA
You get p=2% D — Ast=2x300x600/ 100 = 3600 mm? with diff of 1.6 %
192 Example (46) :-
Design a short square tied column to carry the following service loads :-
Pp =1600KN , P, = 400 kN
Mp = 45 KN.m , Mi= 66 KN.m
fe =20 MPa, fy =400MPa G
using design charts i Pee:
Solution iL.
Pu = 14x 1600 + 1.7% 400 = 2920 kN te
Mus 14x 4541.7x66 = 175.2kN.m
(300 -2x 75) / $00
from chart we get py= 1.4%
Ast = 14 5002/100= 3500 mm?
use 8 6 24
Ast=3619 mm?
Check using strain compatibility
C= 466.3 mm
1.3 600 / 466.3
16.3 x 600/ 4663
1x (3 Ast/8)= 19.91 Ast jp
(278.3 = 17) x (Ast/4) = 65.33 Ast .
(400 - 17) x (3 Ast/8)= 143.63 Ast
7x (396.36 x 500 )= 3369
19.91+
Beata
= 3360 (28 33 +193.63) ay
100 J
Ast = 3506 mm? >
36), (143.63-
50-396. oy aes 19.91 (0.175) Ast
2)" 1000
Ast=3496.7mm? > (2)
Ast = 3500 mm?
193 Example (47) :-
For the shown column determine the maximum
unsupported length (L) permitted by the ACI Code,
Given : fe! = 20 MPa: fy = 400 MPa; By = 0.7
Solution
¥ ax
Bendi
Sse
(€1)=(4700% 130 «P52? «6.57108 Nam?
0.4% 6.57% 10
1+0.7
«155x108 _ 15
=1,55x10" Namm?
kN Where L in(m)
a Section A-A
> fom chat >
300 x 500
500-10
300
Section capacity Mg = 1.6 x (500)* x (300) = 120 kKN.m
Factored moment M, = 1500%60 . 99 a.m
1000
min = 15 + (0.03 x 500) = 30 mm < 60 mm
5,=70.133, 0642
30 30
_ > 2 P= 3636 kN
st
075P, 0.75P,
152.940 _ 3636 > 48m
L
194 Bending @ X-X axi
3
(£1)=(4700x 20) 20 =500 2.3610" Nim?
236x104 2
(Et)eg, = ARSE 5.56 x10! Nam?
1407
> «5.5610
> fromchart >
Section capacity M. = 1.6 x (300)? x (500) = 67.5 KNam
_ 15403300
1500 = 36 kN.m
1000
>
L=3.58m
‘The maximum permitted length is 3.58 m
Example (48) :-
v,
For the column shown below, determine the minimum (El,/L”) >
value such that the column can be considered as braced. Then
check the adequacy of the stability index value proposed by
the code under gravity loads Q < 0.6 . (assume B= 0.0)
Solutio:
wok
For braced columns : Q < 0.05
|
a, =k ae
3B ra
Aree E
Vv, 3EI a
1100 mm
mm
195 Remarks :
1. The column can be considered as braced if
7
oan
Jory
S O11 Py,
2. The column can be considered as unstable under gravity loads alone if
EL, 2
>| 1.26 (2 ox
LE lier
2 1.26 P,, Which is not logic !
And this is due to the effective column stiffness (0.41,) that proposed by the Code for Per
computations which is less than (0.71,) that proposed for computing A, .
196 Example (49) :-
For the column shown, use structural analysis to
determine 2" order moments due to indicated loads,
then check the accuracy of the indirect (approximate)
P-A method proposed by the Code, use fe! = 20 MPa
Solution :-
|
| lg
3504 :
= 278350" «0.875410? mm |3
12
E, = 4700/20 = 2.1% 10* MPa | | |
(E.1) = 1.84104 KN.m? covet
HE __10x4.07 =
4 7 = 0.01159, 4 eee
SEL 3x1.84«10" A B babossm
ft
1 order moment IG
M,=10x4=40kNm
2" order analysis :
A= I* order deflection
\dditional deflection due to P-A moments
-¥@L~y)Pa
re
AL Sucute ATT
J / series a |
// A
Vy |
//
spa |/ wf
2 EI Pa
200%.4° M‘- Diagram
a — A = 0.0725.
12 1.84x 10° (second order moments)
1* cycle of 2" order analysis : —
A) = 0.0725 x 11.59 = 0.84 mm A.
= 0.84+ 11,59 = 12.43 mm
2° cycle of 2" order analysis :
Ab = 0.0725 x 12.43 = 0.901 mm
tor. = 0.901 + =124!
Sv, 0.901 + 11.59 = 12.491 mm a
3° cycle of 2™ order analysis :
AY, = 0.0725 x 12.491 = 0.906 mm
Awe 0.906 + 11.59 = 12.496 mm
M, - Diagram
197 4° cycle of 2" order analysis
AY, = 0.0725 x 12.496 = 0.906 mm € — sameas A
Sq, = 0.906 + 11,59 = 12.496 mm
(ue)
Example (50) :-
For the column shown, compute the required area of
longitudinal bars.
Given ; fo! = 20 MPa, fy = 400 MPa, E.= 2.1x10*
Solution :-
H, «1000x3000
a ~ = 0.05, mm
2x10° x 300
3 4
=Heke , 0:7 400" 1 493%10? mm!
BEI, 12
3
H, 1000x3000 =0287H, mm
32.1% 104 x 1.493 x10?
Where H, & H, in(kNy
d.=4, = 0.0SH, =0.287H,
H+ H=75
0.05 (75H. ) = 0.287 H.
0.337 He=3.75
LI3KN & —-Hy= 63.87 KN
Check :
198 Design columns C; & C2 in the second story of the 12-story office building
shown below. Assume that the lateral load effect on the building are caused by
wind in N-S direction,
Given :
fe =30 MPa, fy = 400 MPa
ext, col. = 500x500, int. col. = 600x600, all beams = 600500
22 PF?
OF — —
a
J
O-# = N
A | |
Ouse —
5
®
second
5 sory
204 Floor Load
level | Combinations lznam 4a (ram) | Vu RN) | fe (rmm) | Q= EP ods / Vale
[0.75(14D+1.7L+1.7W)| 169884 | 6.8 1736 | 3500 0.190
| |
[99D +13W 113256 | 4.6 1736 | 3500 0.085
Jfactored load combinations
1.4D+ 1.7L
0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)
09D +13W
fay Ps x My (kN. :
IColumn|Combinations} (kN) Moo (Madea
ns [_s [total | ns] s | total
T 77 77.0 | 385 | 38.5
GQ 2 4738.5] 58 | 22 [800 [290 | 212 | aH
3 3249 [37 | 224 | 594] 185 | 216 [2345
7 10503 | 135 | | 133 | 0.70 |__| 0.70
2 7873 [1.20 | 395 | 60.7 | 0.70 | a6
3 5094 61.0 | 62.0 | 0.40 [453.6] 454
Solution :-
Column C;:
<
(1,), = 222 = 0.520% 10mm? = 0.364%10"" mm*
Seca:
-
(5) =2>{ SPAE2" 1.25.10 = 1, =0.437«10" mm*
30 =257x10* MPa
Case (a) : gravity loads (braced system)
205 K=0.7 + 0.05 (3.69 + 3.69) = 1.0
K = 0.85 + 0.05 (3.69) =10 a te
Kl, _ 1.0300
=a = 20
vr 03x 500
os limit = 34 - 12 (-38.5/77) = 40.0
(Kh/t) < limit =>
slenderess effect need not to be considered
~ Design values ;
Py = 5971.5 KN
M;#= 179 KN.m
Case (b) : gravity + lateral loads (0.7S(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.71)
Q=0.19 > 0.05 = the system is unbraced
Miop =Mys +5,M, =58-+ 1.24% 22=85.3 KN
Moot, =Mgs + 55M, =29 41.24% 212=291.9 KNm
Design values :
Case (c) : gravity + lateral load (0.9D + 1.31)
8.=1/ (1 = 0.085 )= 1.09
top = Mas + 5M, =37+1.09% 22.4 =61.40 KNam
Moo: = Mi
+8,M, $18.5 +1,09x 216 = 253.90 KNm
Design values: P,
249 kN
M,= 253.9 kKN.m
Check :
pea.
|4738.5 x 10°
30x 5007
OK
Column Cz:
206 ‘
(1), = S-=1.08 10mm lg 6x10 mm*
500?
(4), =2[ 22S) = 25210" = 1,70437%10" mm"
57x10" MPa
2-(%
Case (a) : gravity loads (braced system)
K = 0.7 + 0.05 (3.80 + 3.80) = 1.0
K=0.85 +0.05 (3.80) = 10
Kl, _ 10%3000 _ a
Tr 03x600
limit = 34 = 12 (0.70/1.35) = 40.0
(Kle/1) < limit =~. slendemess effect need not to be considered
Pade
Min + 10503 «(15 903% 690) 546.6 km
: U 1000
0503 KN
= 346.6 kKNm
«. Design values
Case (b) : gravity + lateral loads (0.75(L4D + 1.7L + 1.70)
Q=0.19 > 6.05 => the system is unbraced
124
1
1-Q” 1-019
2+1.24x59.5= 74.98 kNm
70 + 1.24x 445.3 = 552.9 KN
Muop =Mas +8sMs
Moor. = Mys +5,Ms
Design values: Pa=7875 KN
M.= 552.9 KN.m K = 0.70 + 0.05 x (@+0)> 1.0
+ 0.05 x (0) = 0.85
r 03x 400
limit: 34-12 x)=
©. Short column,
Design values :
M.= 1113 x3
Pu=2000 kN
e=16.7 mm;
2. Use emia
My _ 54x 10%
Agh 400°
Pu _ 2000
Ag 400°
y=07
As=2000mm? => — Use 12.6 167"
Ifthere is no tie :
HD 75x 108 x3000° i
Meee eee eae ual
BEI 3x2.1x10"«1.493x10
Qa Ped. 2000x215 oior > 005 + Unbraced
Val ~ 75x30
ps
1-Q
7, >6%
199 Example (51) :-
‘Compute the design values (Py & M,) for columns As and Cs in the first story of
the 10-story office building shown below. fe! = 35 MPa, ext. col. = 500x300,
int. col, = 600x600,all beams = 500x600,
85 85 85 85 85
"TEL
SEE eo |
85,
¢
85.8!
=35.10m
9@39
69m
first story (
Frame (3) in N-S direction
200 Factored gravity loads (1.4D * 1.7L):
Pu (KN My (AN.m) +
Col
nt | Poe Pun Wi)op Oia
A3 2959 1973 156.9 0.0
G 3441 3627 16.5 84
Factored (gravity + lateral) loads 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W):
Py (KN) My (Nm) :
fevered [ee gprr J EEPar [CCP Makep Wii
As 2219 1480 81 210 0.0
Gy 4081 2720 89 130 109
For first story due to 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.70)
Floor level] $ Py (EN) | Au (mm) [_Va(EN) | Gam) [Q= SPA.) Va
]
2 180170 | 0.290 | 1860 | 6900 0.004
Solution :-
Column C3:
=> 1, =0.630x10" mm*
Gry = 8
axl ==
Gooi, = 0.0
K=0.7 + 0.05 (1.0 +2.2)=0.86
K=0.85 +005 (10) =090 7
Case (a) : gravity loads (braced)
2s = 0.86
Kl _ 086 x 66
r ” 03x06
315
201 Since the column is bent in double curvature
©. limit = 34 - 12 (-8.4/16.5) = 40.0
(Kl./1) < limit = —«. slendemess effect need not to be considered
(15 +0.03
Morin = 9068 x 15+ 0.03 2600) =299 kNm
(1000
* Design values: Py = 9068 kN
M.= 299 kN.m
Case (b) : gravity + lateral loads
Q=0.004 < 0.05 = braced
limit = 34 - 12 (-109/130) = 40.0
(Kis) < limit = +. slendemess effect need not to be considered
Main = 6890% ese 27.4 KNm
1000
+. Design values
520x10 mm => 1, = 036410! mm?
0364 0.364
795
Goo, 2 or may be used = 10
K=0.7 + 0.05 (10 + 2.09) = 1.0
K=0,85 +0.05 (2.09) = 0.95
uJ
Case (a) : gravity loads (braced)
S Case (c) : gravity + lateral load (0.9D + 1.31)
Mop =Myg + 85M, =1.0 + 1.09% 61.0=67.49 KNm
Moot, = Mas + 85M, =0.4 + 1.09 453.6 = 494.82 kN
s: Design values: P,
094 kN
M, = 494.82 KN.m
Check :
1, 3000
te =167 <
r 0.3%600 7875 x10°
V 30% 6007 |
oxK
Check for sidesway instability of the structure :
x14D
DAD +17)
+. dividing all of moment of inertia by (1 + By) is equivalent to increasing the
deflections, and consequently Q, by (1 + fy). Thus at first floor level,
Assuming By = 0.90 = for all columns in the floor
Q=(1,90 x 0.19} 0.75 = 0.48 < 0.6
Therefore, the structure is stable at this level.
208 Example (53) :-
The elevated tank shown is supported on four om 42m
columns, which are fixed at their foundations.
The tank is subjected to a wind force of 1.0 kN/m*
Determine the required column reinforcement,
Given : fe = 20 MPa, fy = 400 MPa.
=>
a>
2>
2
a>
22
as
ao
>
Lee,
Solution =
Wt. of slabs = (0.5 + 0.2) x (Sx 5) x 24 = 420 KN
We. of walls = 2x(3 + 4.2) x (0.4 x 6) x 24 = 1060 KN
‘Wr. of columns = 0.4? x (9 x 4) x 24 = 138 KN,
Wr. of water = 4.2? x 5.7 x 10 = 1006 KN
Total load = 420 + 1060 + 138 + 1006 = 2624 KN
2624 x14
918 kN i
q
Factored load per column =
a 9000
r 03x 400 4.60 m
Assume all columns are totally fixed at top ends.
K
00 for unbraced +
= 75 < 100 OK
i of ote on mae | Me
1
Case (1) : Gravity loads (braced) : =
oe
K=0.7 + (0.05 x 2.0) = 0.80 &
Mise _ 1 9 (& =n
Mons
Ba
T Hist
factored sustained _ | 4
total factored load ~
E = 4700 V20 =2.1«10* Nanm?
400° 48 x 10° N.mm?
> £El,
1, == 2.1310? mm*
12
?(EDere 12 x(0.4%448%10") soggy
(BKK @)x(0.8x 9000)"
209 Case (Il) : Gravity + Lateral
Case (0.75)(LAD+1.7L+1.70):
Satan v
V 12EL
75x 918xL
Lx 12x El
2 Q= 0.164
M= > ineach column
6.7 5x LOX 17x 0.7;
4
V (ineach column )= 0.68 KN
Mo,
0.68 x (9/2) = 48.06 KN.m
6.7«5.0%1.0x(9 +6
2x46
688.5 +) 0.75x1.7«
746 10°
20x 400
jas (Mans + 8; Mas)
3.34 x (0+ 1.20 x 48.06) = 204 KN.mm
=319 @
66 & y=0.74 =
Agh
Case 0.9D + 13W:
48.06 kN.
.9 x ((2642 - 1006) / 4) = 368 KN
A 368xL) _ 368L?
L
0
QF anes = = 0.088 > =1l
LV Lxi2xEl 12Er 10.088
Wr=75 <
Me= Ll x 48.06 = 52.9 KNmm
pp < 2.5%
‘Stability under gravity loads only :
3
fi=10, > = 2X918xE" 9.439 < 06 OK
Lx12xEI
210 Example (54) :-
|
For the column section shown, determine the axial adz0 g
load capacity Pu if the load is applied at eccentricities z
e=e)= 415mm © ©
© Using strain compatibility
ing Bresler equation
fe = 20 MPa
fy = 400 MPa
Solution :-
Try C=300mm, a=255 mm
Noy = 0.85 x 20x 300? = 1530 kN
Nez = -0.85 x 20x 169.2? = - 486.7 kN
00 - 0.85 x 20) x 314.16 = 120.3
Ns = (175.8 - 0.85 x 20) x 2« 314.16
‘Ts = 121.2 314.16 =- 38.1 KN
Pn = 1530 - 486.7 + 120.3 + 99,8 - 38.1
kN
Pnx 58.69 = 486.7 x (212.1- (2x 169.2 /3)) + (120.3 + 38.1 )( 212.1 - 63.6)
Pn= 1224.3 kN
“P KN biaxial nominal load
Using Bresler equation pues oeseeeae
Try C=277mm, a=235.45mm 8
No = 0.85 x 20x 235.45 x 300 = 1200.8 KN,
400 - 0.85% 20) x 2x 314.16 = 240.6 kN 6
47.65% 2 314.16 = 29.9 kN nity
Pay = 1471 | iT
Py x 41.5 = 1200.8 x 32.275 + (240.6 - 29.9 )x 105 2
Pay=1467 Diff. 0.3%
“Py = 1469 KN uniaxial with ¢ = 41.5 mm
Po = 0.85 x 20x ( 300? - 1256.6 )+ 1256.6x 400=2011 kN
Biaxial capacity
ped oy paaiis7EN biaxial nominal load
Pa 1469 1469 2011
Ratio 1225/1157=1.059 Diff, 5.9%
2. Pu= 1225 0.7= 857.5 kN Example (55) :-
Design the given column for
the factored loads shown.
Using cover 40 mm, ties 10 mm
fe’ =20 MPa, fy = 400 MPa,
and main bars 20 mm diameter.
Note:
axial load 1700 KN is acting
on point O
Solution :-
__ 400% 60
aoa
600x 400°
2
column cross
section
Ay = 3000" 0,191 Hmm Hin KN
3x 0.7%3.2x10" x2.1x108
Qy = HORRO ASE 0.108 > 0.05 unbraced
1 li
= 0.108
Deflection of X - axis
= F510? 3000* 05 Ht mm tin KN
3x 0.7% 7,210? x2.1«104
Q, = 1200%0.085 H
* 3000 H
Ga=0 usel.0 & Gg=co use 10.0 = K=0.90
(Kiye) = 15
limit=34 => +. Shortcolumn => & = 10
= 0.048 < 0.05 braced
Mux = 61.94 x 3=1858
& 8, My, = 1858
1858
=o]
&y = 7799 = 1093 mm Preliminary design
400
(M Je = 14582 + 08x —— x 1858 = 244.9 kN.n
(™,) 500 4 m
9x108
255
= 7.08 =19%
400 600 ea ae
-2 +
400 -2(40 +10 +10) =07
400
> Mato + Pay
Ag
P82 10.0 Pu, =2400KN
Ag
Puy» x == 0
Sree ee eerte nee eee eee ee kN
i 1 1 1
= + —_ - ——_ “Pu =1817kN 10
Pu 2640 * 2400 4078 a : te
Solution using strain compatibility
Try 12420 , Ast=3770 mm? , p, = 1.57%
Pur, &x=0
Try C=500mm, a=425 mm
Nor = 0.85% 20x 425 x 400 =2890 KN
Nsi = (400 - 0.85 x 20)x 1256.6 = 481.3 KN
Ns = (336 - 0.85 x 20) x 628 kN
Ns3 = (144 - 0.85 x 20) 628.3=79.8 KN
Nsy=- 48x 1256.6 = - 60.3 kN
Pn = 3591.2 kN
213, a foe e/ fT
f [|
10 : al
+ |¢ es
ta
EM about P.c
Pn x 109.3 = 2890 x 87.5 + (481.3 + 60.3) x 240 + (200.4 - 79.8) x 80
Pn= 3591.1 KN
Pa= 3591.1 & Pyx=0.7x 3591.1 = 2514 kN
Puy » ey=0
Try C=300mm, a=255mm
Ney = 0.85 x 20x 600x 255 = 2601
Nsi =( 400 - 0.85.x 20) 1
Isp = ( 293.32 - 0.85 x 20) x 628.3,
(106.64 - 0.85 x 20) x 628.3
- 80x 1256.6 =- 100.5
aa
285
EM about p.c
Pnx 85.77 = 2601 x 72.5 + ( 481.3 + 100.5 ) x 140 + (173.6 - 56.3 )x (93.34/2)
212 KN
ie average of two = 3211.85 & Py = 22:
Puo » @x= ey =O
Pup = 0.7 x (( 0.85 x 20 x 600 x 400 x 0.9843) + 3770 x 400 ) = 3866 KN
Using Bresler equation
eee
Pu
Pu=1713KN > 1700 OK
cause 126 20mm
24 Ol
Example (56) :-
Design a short column to carry the following
factored loads.
P,=200 kN comp, My= 84.80 kN.
fc’=20 MPa, fy=400 MPa.
Solutio
Ag fe! = 0.1% 20 x 250 x 400 = 200 kN
Pu= 0.1 Ag fe’ > small axial load
20010?
p=09 200210? 9
Try to design the section for My = 84.84 and 6 = 0.7
84.80 108
0.7 x 20x 250 x
Ky
1978
286 > Pain
< Pas
As = 1000 mm” 0
Check using analysis
C= 0.6 10 > y= 178.5 oe
: 7 |
Ne = 0.85 x 20 x 178.5 x 250 = 758.6 kN \
T= 1000 x 400 = 400 KN g
Py = 758.6 ~ 400 = 358.625
$P,=251>0.1 fel Ag > control
Flexural strength in the presence of axial load :
TryC=190 > a=1615
Ne = 866.4 KN, T= 400 kN
Pn = 286.4 KN, @ Pn =200 kN
Mn = (686.4 x 119.25) + 400 x 150 = 141.85 KN.m.
6M, = 99.3 kKN.m > 84.8 KN.m
Flexural strength in the absence of axial load :
__ 1000x400
— = 94 mm.
0.85 20% 250
=100 (400) {350 *) 212KN.m, D> $M, =0.7(121.2)=84.8 KN.m
Note:
Forp=09 > 0.9 x 121.2 = 109.1 KN.m> 99.3 KN.m
215 58
fy, op 600270, B F,, = 70.73 x 226.
=16kN
£6 =fo7 = fyg =fyq =350 Bys = Fyy = Fig = Fey = 79.7 EN
Fug = Fart = Faiz = Fats = (350) (942.48) = 329.87 KN
Dens. = (329.87 x 4) + (79.17 x 4) +16 = 1652.15 kN
N,, = 3016.71 ~ 1652.15 =1364.56 kN comp
ON, =Ny =0.733 x 1364.56 = 1000 KN
EM@PC:
Ty = 329.87 x 4= 1319.48 KN
Fis=16KN
Fig= 79.17 KN
N, = 309,84 x 4 = 1239.36 KN
M, = 1319.48 x 1075 + (79.17 - 16) (650) + 1777.35 x 990,9 + 1239.36 x 1075
= 1418.44 + 41.06 + 1761.18 + 1332.31 = 4553 KNan
$M, =M, =3337 KNm > 3300KN OK
225 Veomp. = Vu = 32.15 KN
1, = 1200100 Sato mot @ 12200280 a 25.308 mt
SSL Wu=32.15 x 4
x 02). 10.0kN.m
2)
nn the compression chord for
(M, = £ 15.62 KN.m Plus axial force (C)
And to design the tension chord for :
(M, = = 10.0 kN.m Plus axial fore (T) = 268.6 KN (tens,) )
168.6 kN (comp.) )
Design for shear :-
Compression chord
d, =100-20-6- 4 67
a 3)
(26
Voy = 020 | 4 268-610"). 1000 67 = 69.5 KN
peoee on OLie
6 (14% 1200%100 }
=-iN > OK
(Shallow beam)
Tension chord
é, =300~35-8-14 - 250
: 2
3x 268,6x1
200% 250 =
200%300
wvevalie Zero
56% 400%250 _ 914 sam, §
22.3x10° A
0.85
2 Use 66/125 mm
Note:
Anchor stirrups around longitudinal bars using a 180° bend at each end.
222 ‘ Nu=1000 kN
a= 1000 KN
Example (63) :-
Design the shear reinforcement required at the base of the
simple cantilever wall for the loading shown,
Given: fe’ = 25 MPa, fy = 350 MPa }
i
Solution :- |
|
Critical section at (Ly/2)= 1.2m i
TTT.
‘Vu= 1000 kN & Nu = 1000 kN = 240m A!
Mu at critical section of shear = 1000x(3.3-1.2) = 2100 kN.m ‘asus CLL
85 x 0.8 x V25 x 200 x (0.8x 2400)
6KN > 1000KN OK
(Vena
(VU) moxatfoned
ved
Mu __ 2100x106
VuLly 1000? x 2400
Nu____ 100010" 4
Ly hve’ 2400x200 v2:
0.875 |
> fromtable (9) B = Ky = 0.375
Ve=0,375 x ¥25 x oe x i 8 x 2400)=720 kN
(
1000 a9),
_ A085
350 x 0.8% 2400 x 200
Bs =0.0025 +0.5x(2 5
= 0.0034
ee
)s (0.0034 ~ 0.0025) = 0.003
v
Use §, = 300 mm
Ay = 200343002200 169 mm?
2
vinta ccccty
Use 6 12/300 mm ]
Use Sy = 325 mm i]
2,003 5325200 _ 975mm? ae ars0—l CL 42s
2
Use $ 12/325 mm Design for flexure :
My= 1000 x 3.3 = 3300 KN.m
1000 x 10°
=
2400 x 200 x
350
= (0.003) =="
o=109{
083
pC eed OBS OOS
ww 2(0.042) + (0.085)?
2.4000: 1000) _
~ 25x 200% 2400
= 0.155
0.733
(1-01.15:
OM, =05(0.733)1810) 850) 2400) 5
=1214KNm < 3300 kN.m Not good
Try to add 12 6 20 at each face as shown below
Using trail and error procedure you get:
C= 492 mm and
f, x 600= 350 F,, = (042.48) (350 - 0.85 x 25) = 309.84 KN
418.2 mm
8492
322 600 =350 F,, = 309.84 kN
492 2
F,, =309.84KN
f, = 222 5. 600=350 F,, = 309.84 KN
ft ago tee ne
No = .085 x 25 x 200 x 418.2 = 1777.35 KN
Lcomp.= 3016.71 kN
224
