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HMT Tutorial 1

This document contains 8 questions regarding heat conduction problems under steady state conditions. The questions provide thermal properties, boundary conditions, and heat transfer rates to analyze the steady state temperature distributions and heat transfer rates through various objects like plane walls, spherical balls, house walls, iron plates

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235 views3 pages

HMT Tutorial 1

This document contains 8 questions regarding heat conduction problems under steady state conditions. The questions provide thermal properties, boundary conditions, and heat transfer rates to analyze the steady state temperature distributions and heat transfer rates through various objects like plane walls, spherical balls, house walls, iron plates

Uploaded by

mofo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Sheet-1

Steady State Heat Conduction


Q1. Consider a large plane wall of thickness L=0.2 m, thermal
conductivity k =1.2 W/m·K, and surface area A = 15 m2. The two
sides of the wall are maintained at constant temperatures of
T1 =120°C and T2 = 50°C, respectively, as shown in Fig. 2–40.
Determine (a) the variation of temperature within the wall and
the value of temperature at x = 0.1 m and (b) the rate of heat
conduction through the wall under steady conditions.

Q2. A spherical metal ball of radius ro is heated in an


oven to a temperature of 300°C throughout and is
then taken out of the oven and allowed to cool in
ambient air at T=27°C, as shown in Fig. 2–37. The
thermal conductivity of the ball material is k=14.4
W/mk, and the average convection heat transfer
coefficient on the outer surface of the ball is evaluated
to be h = 25W/m2K. The emissivity of the outer
surface of the ball is e = 0.6, and the average
temperature of the surrounding surfaces is Tsurr =
290K. Assuming the ball is cooled uniformly from the
entire outer surface, express the initial and boundary
conditions for the cooling process of the ball.
Q3. Consider the south wall of a house that is L = 0.2
m thick. The outer surface of the wall is exposed to
solar radiation and has an absorptivity of α= 0.5 for
solar energy. The interior of the house is maintained
at T = 20°C, while the ambient air temperature
outside remains at T = 5°C. The sky, the ground, and
the surfaces of the surrounding structures at this
location can be modeled as a surface at an effective
temperature of Tsky = 255 K for radiation exchange
on the outer surface. The radiation exchange
between the inner surface of the wall and the
surfaces of the walls, floor, and ceiling it faces is
negligible. The convection heat transfer coefficients
on the inner and the outer surfaces of the wall are
h1 = 6 W/m2·K and h2 = 25 W/m2·K, respectively.
The thermal conductivity of the wall material is k =
0.7 W/m·K, and the emissivity of the outer surface is
e2 = 0.9. Assuming the heat transfer through the wall
to be steady and one-dimensional, express the boundary conditions on the inner and the outer
surfaces of the wall.
Q4. Consider the base plate of a 1200-W household
iron that has a thickness of L = 0.5 cm, base area of A =
300 cm2, and thermal conductivity of k = 15 W/m·K.
The inner surface of the base plate is subjected to
uniform heat flux generated by the resistance heaters
inside, and the outer surface loses heat to the
surroundings at T = 20°C by convection, as shown in
Fig. 2–45. Taking the convection heat transfer
coefficient to be h= 80 W/m2·K and disregarding heat
loss by radiation, obtain an expression for the variation
of temperature in the base plate, and evaluate the
temperatures at the inner and the outer surfaces.

Q5. Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.06 m


and thermal conductivity k = 1.2 W/m·K in space. The
wall is covered with white porcelain tiles that have an
emissivity of e = 0.85 and a solar absorptivity of α=
0.26, as shown in Fig. 2–48. The inner surface of the
wall is maintained at T1 = 300 K at all times, while the
outer surface is exposed to solar radiation that is
incident at a rate of qsolar = 800 W/m2. The outer
surface is also losing heat by radiation to deep space at
0 K. Determine the temperature of the outer surface of
the wall and the rate of heat transfer through the wall
when steady operating conditions are reached. What
would your response be if no solar radiation was
incident on the surface?
Q6. Consider a steam pipe of length L = 20 m, inner
radius r1 = 6 cm, outer radius r2 = 8 cm, and thermal
conductivity k = 20 W/m·K, as shown in Fig. 2–50. The
inner and outer surfaces of the pipe are maintained at
average tempera- tures of T1 = 150°C and T2 = 60°C,
respectively. Obtain a general relation for the
temperature distribution inside the pipe under steady
conditions, and determine the rate of heat loss from
the steam through the pipe.

Q7. A long homogeneous resistance wire of radius ro = 0.2 in and thermal conductivity k = 7.8
Btu/h·ft·°F is being used to boil water at atmospheric pressure by the passage of electric
current, as shown in Fig. 2–59. Heat is generated in the wire
uniformly as a result of resistance heating at a rate of e·gen =
2400 Btu/h·in3. If the outer surface temperature of the wire
is measured to be Ts = 226°F, obtain a relation for the
temperature distribution, and determine the temperature at
the centerline of the wire when steady operating conditions
are reached.

Q8. Consider a long resistance wire of radius r1 =


0.2 cm and thermal conductivity kwire = 15 W/m·K
in which heat is generated uniformly as a result of
resistance heating at a constant rate of e·gen = 50
W/cm3 (Fig. 2–61). The wire is embedded in a 0.5-
cm-thick layer of ceramic whose thermal
conductivity is kceramic = 1.2 W/m·K. If the outer
surface temperature of the ceramic layer is
measured to be Ts = 45°C, determine the
temperatures at the center of the resistance wire
and the interface of the wire and the ceramic
layer under steady conditions.

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