GOVERNMENT NEW LAW COLLEGE

INDORE [M.P.]
2019-20

ENGLISH PROJECT
“TENSE AND VOICE”

SUBMITTED BY :-
VIKAS GUPTA
KARTIK TIWARI
ANANT GOURAV SINGH
 SYNOPSIS

 INTRODUCTION
 VOICE
 TENSE
 CONVERSION INTO PASSIVE VOICE
 TENSE
 MODAL VERBS
 IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
 CONCLUSION
 INTODUCTION
Voice (Grammar)
Voice is the term used to describe whether a verb is active or passive.

In other words, when the subject of the verb is doing the action of the verb
(e.g., "The dog bit the postman."), the verb is said to be in the active voice.
When the subject of the verb is being acted upon (e.g., "The postman was
bitten."), the verb is said to be in the passive voice. So, the voice of a verb
tells us whether the subject is acting or being acted upon.

What Is the Active Voice?

If the subject is performing the action, then the verb is said to be in the active
voice. Look at this:

What Is the Passive Voice?

If the subject is having the action done to it, then the verb is said to be in
the passive voice. Look at this:
 TENSE
Tense is the time described by a verb, shown by its grammatical form. There are three
main tenses in English:

1. Present tense: things that are true when the words are spoken or written.

o Example: She goes to school. In this sentence, goes shows that it is a

present tense. It suggests that she regularly goes to school.

o Example: She is going to school. This says she is now going to school.

2. Past tense: things that were true before the words were spoken or written.

o Example: She went to school. In this sentence, went shows that it is a past
tense.

3. Future tense: things that will be true after the words are spoken or written.

o Example: She will go to school. In this sentence, will shows that it is a future
tense.
Active and Passive Voice Rules for All Tenses

Here, we are listing out the Active and Passive Voice Rules for all tenses. You will come
to know how an auxiliary verb is used to change a sentence from Active to Passive voice.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Present Simple

Tense

Here in this table, we are elaborating Rules of Active and Passive Voice with
examples for Present Simple.

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb – is/am/are)

Subject + V1+s/es+ object Object+ is/am/are+ V3+ by + subject

Subject + Do/does+ not + V1 + Object Object + is/am/are+ not + V3+ by Subject

Does+ Subject+ V1+Object+? Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?

Active and Passive Voice Example with Answers of

Present Simple Tense

Active: He reads a novel.

Passive: A novel is read.

Active: He does not cook food.

Passive: Food is not cooked by him.

Active: Does he purchase books?

Passive: Are books purchased by him?

Active: They grow plants.

Passive: Plants are grown by them.

Active: She teaches me.

Passive: I am taught by her.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Present Continuous

Tense

Below we will explain the Rules of Active and Passive Voice with examples for Present Continuous tense.

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- is/am/are + being)

Subject + is/am/are+ v1+ ing + object Object+ is/am/are+ being+ V3+ by + subject

Object + is/am/are+ not + being+V3+ by

Subject + is/am/are+ not+ v1+ ing+ object
Subject

Is/am/are+ subject+v1+ing + object+? Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?

Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Present
Continuous Tense

Active: Esha is singing a song.

Passive: A song is being sung by Esha.

Active: Kritika is not chopping vegetables.

Passive: Vegetables are not being chopped by Kritika.

Active: Is Ritika buying a table?

Passive: Is a table being bought by Ritika?

Active: They are serving poor people.

Passive: Poor people are being served by them.

Active: She is disturbing Dinesh.

Passive: Dinesh is being disturbed by her.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Present Perfect

Tense

You can understand passive voice for present perfect tense from the list which are given below.
 Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- has/have +been)

Subject + has/have+ v3+ object Object+ has/have+ been+ V3+ by + subject

Object + has/have+ not + been+V3+ by

Subject + has/have+ not+ v3+ object
Subject

Has/Have + Object+ been+V3+ by subject

Has/have+ subject+ v3 + object+?
+?

Active and Passive Voice Example with Answers

of Present Perfect Tense

Active: Nitesh has challenged her.

Passive: She has been challenged by Nitesh.

Active: Radhika has not written an article.

Passive: An article has not been written by Radhika.

Active: Have they left the apartment?

Passive: Has apartment been left by them?

Active: She has created this masterpiece.

Passive: This masterpiece has been created by her.

Active: I have read the newspaper.

Passive: The newspaper has been read by me.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past Simple Tense

Here in the below table, you can check Active and Passive Voice Rules for past simple tense.

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- was/were)

Subject + V2+ object Object+ was/were V3+ by + subject

Subject +did+ not+v1+ object Object + was/were+ not +V3+ by Subject

Did+ subject+V1+ object+? Was/were + Object+ V3+ by subject +?

Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Past Simple Tense

Active: Reema cleaned the floor.

Passive: The floor was cleaned by Reema.

Active: Aisha bought a bicycle.

Passive: A bicycle was bought by Aisha.

Active: Naman called my friends.

Passive: My friends were called by Naman.

Active: I saved him.

Passive: He was saved by me.

Active: Miraya paid the bills.

Passive: The bills were paid by Miraya.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past Continuous

Tense

We can easily convert sentences from Active to Passive Voice according to given rules below.

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- was/were + being)

Subject + was/were + v1+ing+ object. Object+ was/were +being+V3+ by + subject

Object + was/were+ not +being+V3+ by

Subject +was/were+ not+v1+ing + object
Subject

Was/were + Object+ being+v3+ by+

Was/were+ Subject + V1+ing + object+?
subject+?

Active and Passive Voice Examples with Answers of

Past Continuous Tense

Active: Nitika was painting the wall.

Passive: The wall was being painted by Nitika.

Active: Manish was repairing the car.

Passive: The car was being repaired by Manish.

Active: Were you reciting the poem?

Passive: Was the poem being recited?

Active: She was baking the cake.

Passive: The cake was being baked by her.

Active: She was watching me.

Passive: I was being watched by her.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past Perfect Tense

There are certain Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past perfect tense, with these only you can convert any
sentence in Passive Voice.

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- had +been)

Subject + had + v3+ object. Object+ had+been +V3+ by + subject

Subject +had+ not+v3+ object Object + had+ not +been+V3+ by Subject

Had+ Subject + V3+ object+? Had + Object+ been+v3+ by+ subject+?

Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Past Perfect Tense

Active: Misha had cleaned the floor.

Passive: The floor had been cleaned by Misha.

Active: Vidhi had not received the parcel.

Passive: The parcel had not been received by Vidhi.

Active: Vishal had solved the doubt.

Passive: The doubt had been solved.

Active: Had they caught the thief?

Passive: Had the thief been caught by them?

Active: I had paid fifty thousand.

Passive: Fifty thousand had been paid by me.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Future Simple Tense

You can check Active Voice and Passive Voice Rules chart for future simple tense.

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- will+ be)

Subject + will+ v1+ object. Object+ will+ be +V3+ by + subject

Subject +will + not+ V1+object Object + will+ not +be+V3+ by Subject

Will+ Subject + V1+ object+? Will + Object+ be +v3+ by+ subject+?

We can better understand Rules of Active and Passive Voice with examples for future simple tense.

Active and Passive Voice Examples with Answers of

Future Simple Tense

Active: Kriya will sew the bag.

Passive: The bag will be sewed by Kriya.

Active: Disha will not arrange the things.

Passive: The things will not be arranged by Disha.

Active: Will you mop the floor?

Passive: Will the floor be mopped by you?

Active: They will post the letter.

Passive: The letter will be posted.

Active: Reena will save money.

Passive: Money will be saved by Reena.

Active and Passive Voice Rules for Future Perfect Tense

Here, we are sharing the Active Voice and Passive Voice Rules chart for future perfect tense.
Active Voice Passive Voice

Subject + will+ have +v3+ object. Object+ will+ have+ been +V3+ by + subject

Subject + will+ have +not+v3+ object. Object + will+ have +not+been+v3+ subject

Will+ Subject+have+v3+ object+? Will + object+have+been+v3+by +subject+?

Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Future Perfect

Tense

Active: They will have brought the toy.

Passive: The toy will have been brought by them.

Active: Nimesh will not have changed the table cover.

Passive: The table cover will not have been changed by Nimesh.

Active: Will she have written the notes.

Passive: Will the notes have been written by her?

Active: They will have won the match.

Passive: The match will have been won by them.

Active: Vijay will have washed a shirt.

Passive: A shirt will have been washed by Vijay.

There is no Passive Voice formation for these tenses-

1.) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2.) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3.) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4.) Future Continuous Tense

 MODAL VERBS
A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is:
likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, or
advice. Modal verbs always accompany the base (infinitive) form of
another verb having semantic content.

Forming Passives With Modals

Affirmative Form Object + may, must, can, could, ought to, should + be + verb3

Question Form Must, may, can, should, might + object + be + verb3 (past participle)

Something must / can / should... be done by someone at sometime.

Active : Our English teacher may give an exam today.

Passive: An exam may be given by our English teacher today.

Active : Thomas has written many books.

Passive: Many books have been written by Thomas.

Active : Do you have to pay the bill before leaving the restaurant?
Passive: the bill have to be paid before leaving the restaurant?

Active : Juan can give them some information about the job.
Passive: Some information can be given about the job by Juan.
Passive2: They can be given some information about the JOB by Juan.

Active : You must obey the traffic rules.

Passive: The traffic rules must be obeyed.
Changing an imperative sentence in the active voice
to passive
An imperative sentence in the passive voice has the following form: Let +
object + be + past participle.

 Active: Carry it home.

 Passive: Let it be carried home.
 Active: Do it at once.
 Passive: Let it be done at once.
 Active: Open the door.
 Passive: Let the door be opened.
 Active: Throw the ball.
 Passive: Let the ball be thrown.

When the active voice is in the negative, the passive voice takes the form: Let +
object + not + be + past participle.

 Active: Do not beat the dog.

 Passive: Let the dog not be beaten.

Note that do is not used in the passive form.

We can begin the passive sentence with you if we want to put emphasis on the
person addressed to.

Compare:

 Active: Help me.

 Passive: Let me be helped.
 Passive: You are requested to help me.

 Active: Learn the poem.

 Passive: Let the poem be learned.
 Passive: You are asked to learn the poem.

 Active: Don’t touch it.

 Passive: Let it not be touched.
 Passive: You are warned not to touch it.

Note that the passive form has to begin with you when the object of the active
verb is not mentioned.
  Active: Work hard.

Here the active verb does not have an object. Therefore the passive form should
begin with you.

 Passive: You are advised to work hard.

 Active: Get out.

 Passive: You are ordered to get out.
CONCLUSION

Voice is a very essential part of English grammar. Sentences

written in the active voice are easier to understand than
sentences written in the passive voice. Switching the passive
voice into the active voice is straightforward, but it requires a bit
of practice.Verbs are either active or passive in voice. In the active
voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject
is a do-er. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not a
do-er. It is shown with by + do-er or is not shown in the sentence.
Passive voice is used when the action is the focus, not the subject. It is
not important (or not known) who does the action.