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Tutorial 1

This document contains 8 problems related to differential equations and fluid mechanics. The problems cover topics such as determining velocity and acceleration components, incompressible flow fields, flow between parallel plates, flow down an inclined plane, flow past a rotating cylinder, flow between concentric cylinders, and shear stress in pipe flow. Solutions to the problems require applying concepts like the Navier-Stokes equations, laminar flow, and viscosity.

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83 views2 pages

Tutorial 1

This document contains 8 problems related to differential equations and fluid mechanics. The problems cover topics such as determining velocity and acceleration components, incompressible flow fields, flow between parallel plates, flow down an inclined plane, flow past a rotating cylinder, flow between concentric cylinders, and shear stress in pipe flow. Solutions to the problems require applying concepts like the Navier-Stokes equations, laminar flow, and viscosity.

Uploaded by

Rashdan Z1P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA


40450 SHAH ALAM
SELANGOR.

TUTORIAL 1
MEC 442
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

1. The velocity in a certain flow field is given by the equation 𝑉̅ = 𝑦𝑧𝑖̂ + 𝑥 2 𝑧𝑗̂ +
𝑥𝑘̂. Determine the three expressions for the three rectangular components of
acceleration.

2. For incompressible fluids the volumetric dilation rate must be zero; that is,
∇ ∙ 𝑉̅ = 0. For what combination of constants 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 can the velocity
components
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦
𝑣 = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑒𝑦
𝑤=0
be used to describe an incompressible flow field?

3. In a two-dimensional, incompressible flow field, the x component of velocity


is given by the equation 𝑢 = 2𝑥. (a) Determine the corresponding equation
for the 𝑣 component if 𝑣 = 0 along the axis (b) For this flow field what is the
magnitude of the average velocity of the fluid crossing the surface OA of Fig.
1? Assume that the velocities are in m/s when 𝑥 and 𝑦 are in meters.

Figure 1

4. A layer of viscous liquid of constant thickness (no velocity perpendicular to


plate) flows steadily down an infinite, inclined plane (Fig. 2). Determine, by
means of the Navier-Stokes equations, the relationship between the thickness
of the layer and discharge per unit width. The flow is laminar, and assumes
air resistance is negligible so that the shearing stress at the free surface is
zero.

Figure 2
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
40450 SHAH ALAM
SELANGOR.

5. An incompressible, viscous fluid is placed between horizontal, infinite,


parallel plates is shown in Fig. 3. The two plates move in opposite directions
with constant velocities, 𝑈1 and 𝑈2 , as shown. The pressure gradient in the 𝑥
direction is zero and the only body force is due to the fluid weight. Use the
Navier-Stokes equations to derive an expression for the velocity distribution
between the plates. Assume laminar flow.

Figure 3

6. An infinitely long, solid, vertical cylinder of radius 𝑅 is located in an infinite


mass of an incompressible fluid. Start with the Navier-Stokes equation in the
𝜃 direction and derive an expression for the velocity distribution for the
steady flow case in which the cylinder is rotating about a fixed axis with a
constant angular velocity 𝜔. You need not consider body forces. Assume that
the flow is axisymmetric and the fluid is at rest at infinity.

7. An incompressible Newtonian fluid flows steadily between two infinitely


long, concentric cylinder as shown in Fig. 5. The outer cylinder is fixed, but
the inner cylinder moves with a long velocity 𝑉𝑂 as shown. The pressure
gradient in the axial directions is −∆𝑝⁄𝑙. For what value of 𝑉𝑂 will the drag on
the inner cylinder be zero? Assume that the flow is laminar, axisymmetric,
and fully developed.

Figure 5

8. (a) Show that for Poiseuille flow in a tube of radius R the magnitude of the
wall shearing stress, (𝜏𝑟𝑧 )𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 can be obtained from the relationship

4𝜇𝑄
(𝜏𝑟𝑧 )𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝜋𝑅 3
for a Newtonian fluid of viscosity 𝜇. The volume flow rate of flow is 𝑄. (b)
Determine the magnitude of the wall shearing stress for a fluid having a viscosity
of 0.004 N·s/m2 flowing with average velocity of 130 mm/s in a 2 mm diameter tube.

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