11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Psychology 201 - Chapter 6

STUDY

Flashcards

Learn

Write

Spell

Test

PLAY

Match

Created by

Anajah_1

Terms in this set (66)

When given a list of items primacy effect

to remember, people
tend to do better at
recalling the first items
on the list than the
middle of the list. This is
known as the _________.

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 1/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Shaquin finished his term retrieval

paper and handed it in.
As he walked out of the
classroom, he realized
that there were a few
more things he should
have included in the
paper. Shaquin's problem
is the _________ component
of memory.

A mnemonist is a person TRUE

with exceptional memory
ability.

The fact that it is easier to serial position effect

recall items at the
beginning and end of a
list of unrelated items is
known as the ______.

People with Alzheimer's anterograde amnesia

disease typically have a
memory problem known
as ________.

When old information FALSE; it is PROACTIVE interference

interferes with the
retrieval of newer
information, this is called
retroactive interference.

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 2/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Information gets from selective attention

sensory memory to
short-term memory
through the process of
_________.

____________ is defined as an memory

active system that
receives information
from the senses,
organizes and alters
information as it stores it
away, and then retrieves
the information from
storage.

_________ is the tendency for _Proactive interference

older or previously
learned material to
interfere with the
retrieval of newer, more
recently learned
material.

_______
Want is the
toretention of
learn this set storage
memory for some period
quickly?
of time.
Use Quizlet’s activities and
games to make studying easy, FLASH CAR DS LEARN MATCH

effective and fun!

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 3/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

When newer information FALSE; it is retroactive interference

interferes with the
retrieval of older
information, this is called
proactive interference.

A witness on the stand No, because there is a great possibility of a

swears that he saw "false positive" identification
someone commit a
crime. Must you believe
that the testimony is valid
when a witness testifies
so forcefully?

Which memory system sensory memory

provides us with a very
brief representation of all
the stimuli present at a
particular moment?

Repeating items over and Maintenance rehearsel

over in order to aid
memory is known as
________ rehearsal.

Someone a short the cocktail party effect

distance away, to whom
you have been paying no
attention, quietly speaks
your name, and suddenly
you attend to that
person. This is an
example of _________.

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 4/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Maintenance rehearsal is repeating some bit of information over and

defined as _________. over in one's head in order to maintain it in
short-term memory

Which memory system is Short-term memory

the one that is a working,
active system that
processes the
information within it?

Recognition is the ability TRUE

to match information with
stored images or facts.

The Internet, with its long-term memory

series of links from one
site to many others, is a
good analogy for the
organization of _______

Loftus and others have TRUE

found that people
constantly update and
revise their memories of
events, adding
information to a memory
that occurred later even
https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 5/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

when that information is

in error.

Memory an active system that receives information

from the senses, organizes and alters that
information as it stores it away and then
retrieves the information from storage

Encoding Process of putting information into a form

that can be stored in memory

Storage Retention of information in memory

Consolidation A change in the physiological brain that

facilitates the storage of a piece of
information

Retrieval A process of getting stored memories

back out into consciousness

Retrieval is bringing to information when you need it

mind the

Information-Processing a framework for studying memory that uses

Theory the computer as a model of human
cognitive processes

Memory involves 3 Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

distinct processes
https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 6/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Sensory Memory Shortest, lasts about 2 seconds, comes 1st

This memory system provides us with a
very brief representation of all the stimuli
present at a particular moment

Short-Term Memory Only holds about 7 items for about 30

seconds. 5-9 items.

Upgrade to remove ads Only $1/month

Working memory = STM acts as a workspace for carrying out

mental activity

Selective Attention ability to focus on only one stimulus from

among all sensory input

Cocktail Party Effect auditory attention focuses on information

that is personally meaningful

Chunking Grouping bits of information into larger

units so more information can be held in
Short term memory

Rehearsal Repeating information to maintain it in

Short term memory

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 7/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Two types of rehearsal Maintenance and Elaborative

Maintenance Rehearsal "shallow" processing. Encoding based on

superficial features of information

Elaborative Rehearsal "Deep" processing. Encoding based on the

meaning of information

Long-Term Memory Relatively limitless storehouse for

(LTM) information

Non Declarative (LTM) implicit memory (stores motor skills, habits,

and simple classically conditioned
responses)

Declarative (LTM) stores facts, information, personal life

events (semantic and episodic)

Episodic Memory personal facts and memories of one's

personal history

Semantic Memory stores general knowledge or objective

facts and information

Measuring Retrieval in 3 Recall, Retrieval Cue, Recognition

ways

Recall task in which a person must produce

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 8/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

required information by searching memory

EXAMPLE OF RECALL short answer questions, fill-in-the-blank

questions, essay questions

Retrieval Cue any stimulus or bits of information that aids

in retrieving particular information from
long-term memory. DIRECTS YOU TO
RELEVANT INFORMATION STORED IN
LONG-TERM MEMORY

Recognition Identify material as familiar or as having

been encountered before

EXAMPLE OF Multiple choice

RECOGNITION

EXAMPLE OF RETRIEVAL fill in the blank

CUE

Retrieval failure not remembering something one is certain

of knowing (TIP OF THE TONGUE EFFECY)

TIP OF THE TONGUE Retrieval failure

EFFECT

Serial Position Effect for information learned in sequence

RECALL IS BETTER for items at the
BEGINNING and END than for items in the
middle of sequence
https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 9/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Primary Effect Tendency to RECALL 1ST ITEMS in

sequence more easily than the middle
items

Recency Effect Tendency to RECALL THE LAST ITEMS in

sequence more easily than the middle
items

Constructive Processing an account of an event that has been

pierced together from a few highlights

Flashbulb memories memories for shocking, emotion-provoking

events

Information about source Flashbulb memories

from which information
was acquired.
RECONSTRUCTIVE in
nature

Curve of Forgetting forgetting tapers off after a period of rapid

information loss immediately following
learning

Encoding failure occurs when information was never put

into long-term memory

Decay Theory memories, if not used, fade with time and

eventually disappear Does no appear in
https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 10/11
11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

LTM

Proactive Interference Information already stored in memory

interferes with remembering newer
information

Hippocampus plays an important role in forming episodic

memories, formation of semantic memories
involves the hippocampus. Navigational
skills.

Retrograde Amnesia loss of memory for experiences that

occurred shortly before a loss of
consciousness

Anterograde Amnesia inability to form new long-term memories

(loss of memory from the point of injury or
illness forward)

Infantile Amnesia Relative inability of older children and

adults to recall events from the first few
years of life. Hippocampus not fully
developed.

https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 11/11