FINAL YEAR PROJECT PROPOSAL

Study on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of

Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Group Members

Fahad Farukh 16-C-798

Fahad Aziz 16-C-797
Bait Ullah 16-C-794
Talha Khalid 16-C-836

PROJECT SUPERVISOR

Engr. Faisal Amin

Department of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering
Lahore Leads University

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr.No. Description Page No.

I. Problem Statement…………………………………………..…………3

II. Objective…………………………………………………….................3

III. Background…………………………………………………………….4

IV. Methodology...………………………………………………………...5

1. Literature Review…………………………………………………5

2. Materials Used…………………………………………………….5

3. Dosages of PEG…………………………………………………...5

4. Experiments to be Performed…………..………………………….5

 Mix Design of Concrete………………………….…………………… 5

 Casting of Specimens……………...………………………………….. 6

 Removal of casing…………………………………………………….. 6

 Testing on Hardened Concrete…………………..………….………….6

5. Representation of Results and Conclusions……………………….. 6

V. Time schedule………………………………………………………………..7

VI. References……………………………………………….................................8

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 Study on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Recycled
Aggregate Concrete

I. Problem Statement:

In recent decades the rapid growth in industrlization and urbanization has resulted in a great
worldwide demand for concrete. According to current estimates, the global demand for
construction aggregates is more than 20 billion tons per annum.The increased use of concrete
thereby leads to the depletion of the Natural aggregates and to the consumption of large amounts
of energy on the production, transportation and use of raw materials. Meanwhile, the growth in
the rate of demolition of old structures, as prompted by the limited availability of new
construction sites, has resulted in generation of large amount of construction and demolition
wastes. These construction and demolition wastes are commonly disposed of in landfills at a
significant cost.

The use of recycle aggregate obtained from demolished old concrete structure have been
considered as an alternative material in the preparation of structural concrete with the aim of
conserving natural resources and minimizing the environmental impact of the construction and
demolition waste.

II. Objective:

The objectives of the study are:

1. Studying the mechanical properties of recycled aggregates with different percentage use
of recycled aggregate in the natural aggregate.
2. To reduce the impact of waste material on environment.
3. To optimize the ratio of recycled aggregates to natural aggregates to produce better mix
of concrete.
4. Modifying the mechanical and physical properties of concrete both fresh and hardened
state.

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III. Background:

The application of recycled aggregates in the construction area is very wide. There has been
much research in the light of the utilization of recycle aggregate has been done all around the
globe. The major objective of the most of the experiments or research on recycled aggregate is to
find out the results in the strength characteristic area.

Tavekoli M. (1996) studied the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength of 100 %
recycled coarse aggregate concrete and 100% natural sand to compare them with normal
concrete made of natural crushed stone. The water cement ratio was 0.3 and 0.4 in the concrete
mix design. The test result shows the compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of RCA are
little higher than the natural aggregate at the same size of 25.4mm at 28 /day specimen. The
strength characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete were influenced by the strength of the
original concrete and also it affect the ratio of coarse aggregate to fine aggregate in the original
concrete .he also mentioned that water absorption and Los Angeles abrasion loss will influence
the water cement ratio and top size ratio for the strength characteristic of recycled aggregate.

Mandal (2002) stated that adjusted the water/cement ratio when using recycled concrete
aggregate during the concrete mixing can improved the strength of the recycled aggregate
concrete specimens. From the obtained result, recycled aggregate concrete specimens had the
same engineering and durability performance when compared to the concrete specimens made by
natural aggregate within 28days design strength.

Sanchez de Juan (2000) studied what is the maximum percentage, from 20% to 100%,
replacement of recycled aggregate in concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength
of recycled concrete is lower than of a control concrete with equal water/cement ratio and the
same cement content. recycled with a percentage of recycled coarse aggregate lower than 50%
show decrease in the range 5-10%, while for concrete with 100% recycled aggregates, decreases
ranged from 10-15%.Experimental results also indicated that properties of conventional concrete
sand recycled concretes with same compressive strength when less than 20% of recycled coarse
aggregate are used, the exception being modulus of elasticity was decreased until 10% can be

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found in recycled concretes. When the percentage of recycled aggregate is lower than 50%,
tensile strength and drying shrinkage of recycled concrete is similar to conventional concrete
with same compressive strength. As a result of testing, all properties of concrete with a 100% of
recycled coarse aggregate are affected.

Chen and kaun (2003) found that the strength of the concrete specimens was affected by the
unwashed recycled aggregate in the concrete .the effect will more strange at the low water
cement ratio. These effects can be improved by using the washed recycled aggregate.

The aim of our project is to determine characteristic strength and durability by performing
different tests using recycled aggregate 0, 20, 50, 100 percent in normal concrete. We examine
the mechanical and durability properties to find the most economical solution.

IV. Methodology:
 Methodology:
1. Literature Review: In this research we will study various research papers that uses in the
production of recycled aggregate concrete.
2. Materials Used:
 Cement:ASTM C50, Type-1 cement Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) will be used for
the preparation of concrete.
 Collection of coarse and fine aggregate: Lawrencepur sand and Margalla crush will be
used as a fine and coarse aggregate.
 Water: Potable water is used to improve mixing and curing properties.
 Recycled HSC as coarse aggregate: Kerb from Metro Orange Line Train
3. Dosages of Recycled Aggregate:
Dosage 0% 20% 50% 75% 100%

NOTE:This percentage of dosage is by weight of recycled aggregate used in concrete.

4. Experiments to be Performed:
Testing the on the physical properties of the materials:
 Coarse and Fine Aggregate:
 Specific gravity ofCoarse and Fine aggregate

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  Sieve analysis
 Water absorption
 Cement:
 Initial and final setting time of cement.
 Fineness test on cement
 Consistency test on cement
 Mix Design of Concrete:
After conducting the test on materials, the preliminary data for the mix design will be
available and mix design will be carried out according to ACI 211.1 “Recommended
standards for selecting proportion of concrete”.
 Casting of Specimens:
Standard cylinders (6 inches in diameter and 12 inches in height) will be used for casting of
specimens. Total 45 specimens will be casted in the laboratory made up for 7, 14, and 28
days.
 Removal of casing:
After 24 hours of casting the samples will be removed from the casing and put in the curing
tank.
 Testing on Hardened Concrete:
 Slump Test according to (ASTM C-143)
 Compression Test according to (ASTM C-39)
 Flexural test according to (ASTM C78)
 Split Tensile Testaccording to (ASTM C-496)
 Resistance against Sulphate Environment according to (ASTM C-1012)
5. Representation of Results and Conclusions:
All the results will be compiled and presented in bar charts with graphs, and final conclusion
and recommendation will be made.

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V. Reference:

[1] Reid , J.M. and Chandler, J.W.E (2002) “ HB155 Guide to the use of recycled concrete and
masonry materials Recycling in transport infrastructure”.

[2] RYU, J.S. (2002) “An experiment study on effect of recycled aggregate on concrete
properties” Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol 54, Issue 1, p.7-12.