COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : ELECTRONICS

Qualification : COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency : SET-UP COMPUTER NETWORK

Module Title : INSTALL NETWORK CABLE

Dumingag Technological Training School

Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-07

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HOW TO USE THIS COM PETENCY – BASED LEARNING M ATERIAL

Welcome!

The unit of competency, “Setting up Computer Networks”, is one of

the competencies of Computer Systems Servicing NCII, a course which
comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes in logging/recording business
transactions in an accounting journal.

The module, setting up computer networks, contains training

materials and activities related to configuring Client Device Setting, LAN, WAN,
Wireless Settings and Configuring Firewall with Advance Settings.

In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning

activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Operation Sheets and Task/Job Sheets.
Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not
hesitate to ask for assistance from you facilitator.

Remember to:

 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.

 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested

references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.

 Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He

is there to support you and show you the correct way of doing things.

 You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on

the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve you speed, memory your confidence.

 Use the Self-Checks, Operation Sheets or Task or Job Sheets at the end
of each section to test your own progress. Use the Performance

 Criteria Checklist located after the sheet to check your own performance.

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  When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your
Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded
in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.

You need to complete this module before you can perform the next module, Set
up Computer Netwrok.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

A. LIST OF COM PETENCIES 5

B. MODULE CONTENT 6-7

• LEARNING OUTCOME NO #3.......................................8-9
o Learning Experience …………………..........................10-11
o Information Sheet 2.1-1 Networks Design
Settings.……………........................................................12-21
o Self Check 2.1-1.…………….........................................22
o Answer Key 2.1-1.........................................................23
o Information Sheet 2.1-2 Network Materials
Network.……………...............................................24-25
o Self Check 2.1-2.…………….........................................26
o Answer Key 2.1-2..........................................................27
o Information Sheet 2.1-3 Tools, Equipment and Testing
Devices……………………………………………………………….28-32
o Self Check 2.1-3.……………...........................................33
o Answer Key 2.1-3..........................................................34
o Information Sheet 2.1-4 OHS and PPE..........................35-39
o Self Check 2.-4.……………............................................40
o Answer Key 2.1-4.......................................................... 41
o Information Sheet 2.1-5 Standard Cable Splicing..........42-53
o Self Check 2.1-5.……………..........................................54
o Answer Key 2.1-5...........................................................55
o Task Sheet 2.1-5...........................................................56
o Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-5................................57
o Information Sheet 2.1-6 Network Cabling.....................58-60
o Self Check 2.1-5.……………...........................................61
o Answer Key 2.1-5...........................................................62
o Information Sheet 2.1-7 Check Installation Work.........63-65
o Self Check 2.1-5.……………...........................................66
o Answer Key 2.1-5...........................................................67
o Information Sheet 2.1-8 5s Principles…………. ..........68-69
o Self Check 2.1-5.…………….........................................70-71
o Answer Key 2.1-5..........................................................72
o Information Sheet 2.1-5 Apply 3Rs………………….........73-75
o Self Check 2.1-5.……………...........................................76-77
o Answer Key 2.1-5...........................................................78

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C. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………00

COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Install and configure Installing and configure

1. ELC724331
Computer systems Computer systems

Set-up Computer Set-upping Computer ELC724332

2.
Networks Networks

Set-up Computer Set-upping Computer ELC724333

3.
Servers Servers

Maintain and Repair Maintaining and Repair ELC724334

4.
Computer System Computer System

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 MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: SET-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS

MODULE TITLE : SETUPING COMPUTER NETWORKS

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the outcomes required in setting-up

computers networks for LANs and small-office home-office (SOHO) systems. It
consists of competencies to install network cables, set network configuration,
set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access point/repeater configuration as well as to
inspect and test the configured computer networks.

NOMINAL DURATION: 50 hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Install network cables
2. Set network configuration
3. Set router/wi-fi/ wireless access point/repeater configuration
4. Inspect and test the configured computer networks

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Cable routes are determined and planned in accordance with network

design and actual installation site.
2. Network materials necessary to complete the work are identified and
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked against
systems requirements
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation
work are obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked
for correct operation and safety
4. Appropriate personal protective equipment is used and OHS policies
and procedures are followed
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5. Copper cable splicing is performed based on Electronic Industries
Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) standards
6. Network cables and cable raceway are installed in accordance with
established procedures and installation requirements
7. Installation work is performed and is checked to ensure no unnecessary
damage has occurred and complies with requirements
8. OHS standards and 5S principles are followed according to enterprise
requirements
9. Excess components and materials are disposed of based on WEEE
directives and 3Rs waste management program.

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1
INSTALL NETWORK CABLES

Contents:

1. Networks Design
2. Network materials
3. Tools ,Equipment and Testing Devices
4. OHS and PPE
5. Standard Cable Splicing
6. Network Cabling
7. Check Installation Work
8. 5s Principles
9. Apply 3RS

Assessment Criteria

1. Cable routes are determined and planned in accordance with network

design and actual installation site.
2. Network materials necessary to complete the work are identified and
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked against
systems requirements
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation
work are obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked
for correct operation and safety
4. Appropriate personal protective equipment is used and OHS policies
and procedures are followed
5. Copper cable splicing is performed based on Electronic Industries
Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) standards
6. Network cables and cable raceway are installed in accordance with
established procedures and installation requirements
7. Installation work is performed and is checked to ensure no unnecessary
damage has occurred and complies with requirements
8. OHS standards and 5S principles are followed according to enterprise
requirements
9. Excess components and materials are disposed of based on WEEE
directives and 3Rs waste management program.

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Conditions

The participants will have access to:

1. Work place area

2. Equipment
3. UTP cable
4. Crimping tool
5. Rj-45
6. Network tester
7. Network device manuals
8. CBLM/HANDOUTS
9. Notebook and Pen
Assessment Method:

1. Written test
2. Practical test
3. Direct observation
4. Oral questioning

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 Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
INSTALL NETWORK CABLES

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information sheet 2.1-1 on Network
Designs
Answer self-check 2.1-1 Compare Answer with Answer
Key 2.1-1
Read Information sheet 2.1-2
Network materials
Answer self-check 2.1-2 Compare Answer with Answer
Key 2.1-2
Discuss Information sheet 2.1-3
Tools, equipment and testing devices

Answer self-check 2.1-3 Compare Answer with Answer

Key 2.1-3
Discuss Information sheet 2.1-4 about
personal protective equipment and OHS

Answer self-check 2.1-4 Compare Answer with Answer

Key 2.1-4
Discuss Information sheet 2.1-5
about Network cable splicing

Compare Answer with Answer

Answer self-check 2.1-5
Key 2.1-5
demonstrate task sheet 2.1-5 on Network
cable splicing

re-demonstrate task sheet 2.1-5 Check the performance

according to performance
criteria 2.1-5

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Discuss Information sheet 2.1-6 bout
structured cabling Compare Answer with Answer
Key 2.1-6
Answer self-check 2.1-6
Discuss Information sheet 2.1-7 check
installation work
Answer self-check 2.1-7 Compare Answer with Answer
Key 2.1-1
Read Information sheet 2.1-8 bout
applying Occupational Health Standards
and 5S principles
Answer self-check 2.1-8 Compare Answer with Answer
Key 2.1-1

Read Information sheet 2.1-9 bout WEEE

directives and 3RS waste management
Answer self-check 2.1-9 Compare Answer with Answer
Key 2.1-1

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 Information Sheet 2.1-1

Network Designs

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the different network types
2. Know types of topologies

Introduction
In the previous information, the installation and configuration of computer
systems is discussed and perform upon given time.
In this information sheet we will be discussing the different network types
and design that is used in networking.

What is network?
A network is a collection of computers and related equipment (printers,
webcams, game consoles, etc.) connected so that data can move between them.
Even if you have a single computer, it looks to the Internet as part of a network.
The Internet, then, is a network of networks.
The majority of networking is done using the
internet standard. At the center of the basic diagram
of a wired network is either a hub or a switcher and
computers are connected to the hub, much like
spokes of a wheel or star. Each connection at the hub
is called a port.
Types of Networks
Below is a list of the most common types of computer
networks in order of scale.

 Personal Area Network (PAN)

- A personal area network (PAN) is a computer
network used for communication among
computer devices close to one person. Some
examples of devices that may be used in a PAN
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 are printers, fax machines, telephones, PDA’s or scanners. The reach of
a PAN is typically within about 20-30 feet (approximately 6-9 meters).

Personal Area Network

 Local Area Network (LAN)

- Is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common
communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically,
a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server
within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial
establishment.

Wired LAN

- A wired network is a common type of wired configuration. Most wired

networks use Ethernet cables to transfer data between connected PCs.

Wireless LAN

- A wireless communication network that provides connectivity to wireless

devices within a limited geographic area. "Wi-Fi" is the universal standard
for wireless networks

CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

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 - is a computer network that links the buildings and consists of two or
more local area networks (LANs) within the limited geographical area.
It can be the college campus, enterprise campus, office buildings,
military base, industrial complex.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

- A Metropolitan Area Network is a network that connects two or more
Local Area Networks or Campus Area Networks together but does not
extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town, city, or
metropolitan area. Multiple routers, switches & hubs are connected to
create a MAN.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

- A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad
geographic area (i.e. one city to another and one country to another
country) and that often uses transmission facilities provided by
common carriers, such as telephone companies.

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Global Area Network (GAN)
- Global area networks (GAN) specifications are in development by
several groups, and there is no common definition. In general,
however, a GAN is a model for supporting mobile communications
across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas

Internetwork
Two or more networks or network segments connected using devices that
operate at layer 3 (the 'network' layer) of the OSI Basic Reference Model, such as
a router. Any interconnection among or between public, private, commercial,
industrial, or governmental networks may also be defined as an internetwork.

In modern practice, the interconnected networks use the Internet Protocol.

There are at least three variants of internetwork, depending on who administers
and who participates in them:

 Intranet
 Extranet
 Internet

Intranets and extranets may or may not have connections to the Internet.
If connected to the Internet, the intranet or extranet is normally protected from
being accessed from the Internet without proper authorization. The Internet is
not considered to be a part of the intranet or extranet, although it may serve as
a portal for access to portions of an extranet.

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Intranet
An intranet is a set of interconnected networks, using
the Internet Protocol and uses IP-based tools such as web
browsers and ftp tools, that is under the control of a single
administrative entity. That administrative entity closes the
intranet to the rest of the world, and allows only specific
users. Most commonly, an intranet is the internal network of
a company or other enterprise.

Extranet
An extranet is a network or internetwork that is
limited in scope to a single organization or entity but
which also has limited connections to the networks of
one or more other usually, but not necessarily, trusted
organizations or entities (e.g. a company's customers
may be given access to some part of its intranet
creating in this way an extranet, while at the same
time the customers may not be considered 'trusted'
from a security standpoint). Technically, an extranet may also be categorized as
a CAN, MAN, WAN, or other type of network, although, by definition, an extranet
cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at least one connection with an
external network.

Internet

A specific internetwork, consisting of a worldwide interconnection of

governmental, academic, public, and private networks based upon the Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by ARPA of the U.S.
Department of Defense – also home to the World Wide Web (WWW) and referred
to as the 'Internet' with a capital 'I' to distinguish it from other generic
internetworks.

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 Participants in the Internet, or their service providers, use IP Addresses
obtained from address registries that control assignments. Service providers and
large enterprises also exchange information on the reach ability of their address
ranges through the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

- Network topology is the physical interconnections of the elements (links,

nodes, etc.) of a computer network

What is Topology?

- A computer network is made of computers which are linked to one

another with communication lines (network cables, etc.) and hardware
elements (network adapters, as well as other equipment for ensuring that
data travels correctly)

Computer networks may be classified according to the network topology upon

which the network is based, such as bus network, star network, ring network,
mesh network, star-bus network, tree or hierarchical topology network.
Network topology signifies the way in which devices in the network see their
logical relations to one another. The use of the term "logical" here is significant.
That is, network topology is independent of the "physical" layout of the
network. Even if networked computers are physically placed in a linear
arrangement, if they are connected via a hub, the network has a Star topology,
rather than a bus topology. In this regard the visual and operational
characteristics of a network are distinct; the logical network topology is not
necessarily the same as the physical layout. Networks may be classified based
on the method of data used to convey the data, these include digital and analog
networks.

Topologies

Point-to-Point

Point-to-point topology is
the simplest of all the
network topologies. The
network consists of a direct
link between two computers.
This is faster and more
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reliable than other types of connections since there is a direct connection. The
disadvantage is that it can only be used for small areas where computers are in
close proximity.

Bus

A line topology, a bus topology is a network

setup in which each computer and network
device are connected to a single cable
or backbone. One of the computers in the
network typically acts as the computer
server.
The following sections contain both the
advantages and disadvantages of using a bus
topology with your devices.

Advantages of bus topology

 It works well when you have a small network.

 Easiest network topology for connecting computers or peripherals in a
linear fashion.
 Requires less cable length than a star topology.
Disadvantages of bus topology

 Difficult to identify the problems if the whole network goes down.

 It can be hard to troubleshoot individual device issues.
 Not great for large networks.
 Terminators are required for both ends of the main cable.
 Additional devices slow the network down.
 If a main cable is damaged, the network fails or splits into two.

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Ring

A ring topology is a network configuration in

which device connections create a
circular data path. Each networked device is
connected to two others, like points on a circle.
Together, devices in a ring topology are referred
to as a ring network.

In a ring network, packets of data travel from

one device to the next until they reach their
destination. Most ring topologies allow packets
to travel only in one direction, called
a unidirectional ring network. Others permit
data to move in either direction, called bidirectional.

Star

Alternatively referred to as a star network, star

topology is one of the most common network
setups. In this configuration,
every node connects to a central network device,
like a hub, switch, or computer. The central
network device acts as a server and the
peripheral devices act as clients.

Advantages of star topology

 Centralized management of the network, through the use of the central

computer, hub, or switch.
 Easy to add another computer to the network.
 If one computer on the network fails, the rest of the network continues to
function normally.
Disadvantages of star topology

 Can have a higher cost to implement, especially when using a switch or

router as the central network device.
 The central network device determines the performance and number of
nodes the network can handle.
 If the central computer, hub, or switch fails, the entire network goes
down and all computers are disconnected from the network.
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Advantages of ring topology

 All data flows in one direction, reducing the chance of packet collisions.
 A network server is not needed to control network connectivity between
each workstation.
 Data can transfer between workstations at high speeds.
 Additional workstations can be added without impacting performance of
the network.
Disadvantages of ring topology

 All data being transferred over the network must pass through each
workstation on the network, which can make it slower than a star
topology.
 The entire network will be impacted if one workstation shuts down.
 The hardware needed to connect each workstation to the network is more
expensive than Ethernet cards and hubs/switches.

Mesh

Mesh network topology provides redundant communication paths between

some or all devices in a partial or full mesh. In full mesh topology, every device
is connected to all the other devices. In a partial mesh topology, some of the
connected devices or systems are connected to all the others, but some of the
devices only connect to a few other devices.

Advantages of a mesh topology

 Can handle high amounts of traffic, because multiple devices can

transmit data simultaneously.
 A failure of one device does not cause a break in the network or
transmission of data.
 Adding additional devices does not disrupt data transmission between
other devices.

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Disadvantages of a mesh topology

 The cost to implement is higher than other network topologies, making it

a less desirable option.
 Building and maintaining the topology is difficult and time consuming.
 The chance of redundant connections is high, which adds to the high
costs and potential for reduced efficiency.

Tree
Tree topology joins multiple star topologies together onto a bus. In its simplest
form, only hub devices connect directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions
as the root of a tree of devices. This bus/star hybrid approach supports future
expansion of the network much better than a bus (limited in the number of
devices due to the broadcast traffic it generates) or a star (limited by the
number of hub connection points) alone.

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Self- Check 2.1-1

(Type of Test): (Fill in the blanks)

_________________1. A computer network used for communication among
computer devices close to one person.
_________________2. A data communications network that covers a relatively
broad geographic area.
_________________3. A network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a
single organization or entity but which also has limited connections to the
networks of one or more other.
_________________4. A network configuration in which device connections create
a circular data path.
_________________5. The simplest of all the network topologies. The network
consists of a direct link between two computers.

INTRANET
POINT TO POINT
RING TOPOLOGY
WIDE AREA NETWORK
PERSONAL AREA NETWROK

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 ANSWER KEY 2.1-1

1. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK

2. WIDE AREA NETWORK
3. INTRANET
4. RING TOPOLGY
5. POINT TO POINT

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 Information Sheet 2.1-2

NETWORK MATERIALS

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Appropriate network materials

Introduction
In the previous information sheet the network design is discussed and
performs upon given time.
In this information sheet we will be discussing the network materials

These are the following materials needed to complete the task:

Utp cable
- Unshielded twisted pair, a popular type of
cable that consists of two unshielded wires
twisted around each other, used in networking

Registered Jack (Rj-45)

 is the connector plugged into the NIC ports on
computers and often connecting the main
networking hardware together.

Rj45 modular Box

- connectors for modular telephone or data

Driver software
- This software packages are used to install new
drivers needed in setting up your computer.

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Network OS
- Network-are multiple computers linked together to
make simultaneous information sharing and
exchange by multiple users.

Cable tie
- It is used to organized wires and cables used in
connecting computers to avoid tangling

Raceway
- (Sometimes referred to as a raceway system) is an
enclosed conduit that forms a physical pathway
for electrical wiring. Raceways protect wires and
cables from heat, humidity, corrosion, water
intrusion and general physical threats

Cable clamps
- Wire rope clamps or cable clamps are commonly
used throughout the construction industry. There
are several different types of clamps and each has
their own application. ... They are used for
rigging, temporary guardrail systems, securing
loads, and basically anything that involves
cables.

Manuals
- These provide you instructions for
certain operation or task.

Reference book
- These are books that will provide you
topics about networking or related books on
computer.

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Self- Check 2.1-2

(Type of Test): Identify the following tools, and materials

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 ANSWER KEY 2.1-2

1. RACEWAYS
2. REGISTERED JACK 45
3. UTP CABLE
4. MODULAR BOX
5. CABLE TIE

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 Information Sheet 2.1-3

Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Use Appropriate tools, equipment and testing devices
2. Know its functions

Introduction
In the previous information sheet the network materials is discussed and
perform upon given time
In this information sheet you will learn the appropriate tools, equipment
and testing devices

Equipment and Tools Materials

Accessories
NIC Screwdriver(standar Software applications
d)
UPS Network OS Software
Screwdriver(Philips)
Server RJ 45
Long nose pliers
Hub UTP Cat 5 cable
Mechanical pliers
Ethernet Switch Manuals
Allen wrench
Modem Modular plug
USB External CD Multi-tester
writer Crimping tools
Router Soldering iron (30
watts)
Repeater
Wire stripper
Network Bridge
LAN Tester
Device
drivers/installers Anti-static wrist
wrap

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Network interface card (NIC) – a printed circuit board, an adapter that plugs
into the computer’s motherboard when connected with a network cable, provides
the physical link between your computer and the network

 Server – is a part of a network. It is a

special computer that users on the network
can access to carry out a particular job.


 Network Hub - a hardware device that all

PCs on a network are connected to by cabling. The
hub manages receiving and transmitting data from
networked services.

3 Basic Hub Types

- Passive Hubs – simply connects various cables
- Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals
- Intelligent Hubs – select which path a specific signal will travel

 Ethernet Switch - A network switch (also

called switching hub, bridging hub,
officially MAC bridge) is a computer
networking device that connects devices
together on a computer network by using
packet switching to receive, process, and
forward data to the destination device.

 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is

a device that allows a given computer to share data
or otherwise a device which let computers
exchange information

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  Router - A router is a networking device that
forwards data packets between computer networks.
Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the
Internet.

 Network Bridge – Network Bridge is a computer

networking device that creates a single aggregate
network from multiple communication networks
or network segments. This function is called
network bridging.

 Repeater - a repeater is an electronic device that

receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters
are used to extend transmissions so that the
signal can cover longer distances or be received
on the other side of an obstruction.

 Patch Panel - A patch panel in a local

area network (LAN) is a mounted
hardware assembly that contains ports
used to connect and manage incoming
and outgoing LAN cables. Patch panels
are also referred to as patch bays, patch
fields or jack fields and are also
commonly used in radio and television.

Tools

A hand tools is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system

using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or
electrical powered using electrical current.

Screwdriver (standard) magnetic – used to loosen or tighten

slotted screws.

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Screwdriver (Philips) magnetic - used to loosen or tighten
crosshead screws.

Long nose pliers - used to hold small parts

Mechanical pliers - used for gripping, twisting, bending and

cutting wire and cable.

Allen wrench - is a tool used to drive bolts and screws with

hexagonal sockets in their heads.

Crimping tools - used to conjoin two pieces of metal by

deforming one or both of them in a way that causes them to
hold each other.

Soldering iron (30 watts) - is a hand tool used in soldering.

It supplies heat to melt solder so that it can flow into the
joint between two wo rk pieces. A soldering iron is composed
of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle.

Wire stripper - hand-held device used to strip the electrical

insulation from electric wires.

Anti-static wrist wrap - It absorbs the static electricity of the

material when being hold by the hands.

Flash Light - used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

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Magnifying glass - a device made in glass with handle, to
exaggerate or to increase the apparent size of an object.

Punch down cutter stripper - a punch down tool or a krone

tool is a small hand tool used by telecommunication and
network technicians. It is used for inserting wire into
insulation-displacement connectors on punch down
blocks, patch panels, keystone modules, and surface
mount boxes (also known as biscuit jacks).

Testing device

Tools are available to help you diagnose and solve hardware-related problems.

Multi tester - an instrument designed to measure electric current,

voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of
value

Lan tester - is a device used to test the network connection.

Loop back adapter - is a dummy network card, no hardware is

involved. It is used as a testing tool for a virtual network
environment where network access is not available.

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Self- Check 2.1-3

(Type of Test) : FILL IN THE BLANKS THE ANSWER GIVEN ABOVE

Magnifying glass Patch panel Network server longnose pliers

Punch down tool Network bridge NIC
Router Allen Wrench Wire striper
Mechanical pliers screw driver crimping tool

__________________1. a device made in glass with handle, to exaggerate or to

increase the apparent size of an object.
__________________2. tool or a krone tool is a small hand tool used by
telecommunication and network technicians. It is used for inserting wire into
insulation-displacement connectors on punch down blocks, patch panels,
keystone modules, and surface mount boxes (also known as biscuit jacks).
__________________3. a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports used to
connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN cables.
__________________4. a computer networking device that creates a single
aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments.
__________________5. a special computer that users on the network can access to
carry out a particular job.
__________________6. an adapter that plugs into the computer’s motherboard
when connected with a network cable, provides the physical link between your
computer and the network
__________________7. a networking device that forwards data packets between
computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the
Internet.
__________________8. is a tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal
sockets in their heads.
__________________9.hand-held device used to strip the electrical insulation from
electric wires.
_________________10. used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or
both of them in a way that causes them to hold each other.

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 ANSWER KEY 2.1-3

1. Magnifying Glass
2. Punch down tool
3. Patch panel
4. Network bridge
5. Network server
6. Network interface card
7. Router
8. Allen wrench
9. Wire striper
10. Crimping tool

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 Information Sheet 2.1-4
Personal Protective Equipment and Occupational Health & Safety

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Know the use of Personal Protective equipment
2. Identify the types of PPE
3. Know health risk hazards
4. Know the importance of safety

Introduction
In the previous info sheet the appropriate tool, equipment and testing
devices is discussed and perform upon given time.
In this information sheet we will be discussing the personal protective
equipment and OHS
Personal protective equipment

(PPE) - refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or

equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The
hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat,
chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.
Safety is a major issue for day laborers and skilled laborers. Each year, accidents
happen frequently in the construction industry and often times it is due to the
absence of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) or failure to wear the provided
PPE. PPE is equipment that will protect workers against health or safety risks on
the job. The purpose is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering
and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to
acceptable levels.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is defined in the regulations as "all
equipment (including clothing affording protection against the weather) which is
intended to be worn or held by a person at work which protects them against one
or more risks to their health and safety".

Types of Personal Protective Equipment

1. Head Protection

Hard hats are common on construction sites. Just passing by a site, you can
usually identify workers by their hard hats. They are designed to protect
against flying or falling objects that would otherwise impact or penetrate the
worker. Some hard hats are equipped with accessories such as face shields and
earmuffs. Hard hats should be well-fitted; those that are too large or too small
are inappropriate for use.

2. Eye and Face Protection

Eye and face protection are equally as important as head protection. Safety
goggles, spectacles and full face shields can give you the protection needed for
the eyes and face. Metal work, wood-work, hot-work and air-tool operations all
require this type of protection. General laborers can also benefit from safety
goggles since there is usually debris on construction sites.

3. Respiratory protection

Respiratory protection is vital on sites where toxic substances are present.

Sometimes what you can’t see can hurt you. Respiratory protections like
respirators are designed to protect you from dust, fumes, paint spray,
pesticides and other dangerous substances that could cause permanent
impairment. Respiratory protection should be used in environments with air
contaminants. In work environments, respirators are relied upon when
adequate ventilation is unavailable or other engineering control systems are not
feasible or inadequate.

4. Hand & Skin protection

Construction jobs typically require the use of hands. Each year, around
150,000 hand injuries are reported. Occupational skin diseases such
as contact dermatitis, skin cancers, and other skin injuries and infections are
the second most common type of occupational disease and can be very costly.

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Because a lot of work is done with the hands, gloves are an essential item in
providing skin protection. Some examples of gloves commonly used as PPE
include rubber gloves, cut-resistant gloves, chainsaw gloves and heat-resistant
gloves. Using gloves helps to avoid hazards usually involved when working with
chemicals, glass, sheet metal, electricity, hot materials or slippery objects.

5. Hearing protection

Industrial noise is often discounted as an occupational hazard since it isn’t

visible to the eye. However, 22 million workers in the United States are exposed
to potentially harmful noise levels annually. According to the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health, about 82% of occupational hearing loss
cases occurred to workers in the manufacturing sector. The Occupational
Safety and Health Administration establishes occupational noise exposure
standards. NIOSH recommends that worker exposures to noise be reduced to a
level equivalent to 85 dBA for eight hours to reduce occupational noise-induced
hearing loss. Earplugs and earmuffs are common hearing protection tools. It is
important to note that earmuffs are more effective in reducing high-frequency
noise while earplugs are more effective for reducing low-frequency noise.

Using PPE, and wearing it properly, is vital to avoid unnecessary injury in the
workplace. Choosing not to wear PPE can be dangerous especially when it
could save your life. Results Staffing always provides workers with necessary
PPE unless otherwise noted. Never hesitate to ask temporary staffing agencies if
they have the necessary PPE. Safety is important and having an understanding
of these various protection devices can help to prevent hazardous injury.

Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety and welfare
issues in the workplace. Laws, standards and programs related to occupational
health and safety aim to make the workplace better for workers, co-workers,
family members, customers and other stakeholders.

Why is OHS important?

Occupational Health and Safety
or workplace health and safety, is
about preventing work injury,
illness and disease. It is the
responsibility of all workers to
identify potential hazards in the
workplace and prevent injury.
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 Computer System Servicing
Occupational Health and Safety
Work environment Hazards
A hazard is a situation with the potential to harm
life, health or equipment. The identification and
management of hazards offers the best
opportunity for reducing injury or illness in the
workplace.

Six major types of hazards are:

1. Physical
Noise, vibration, lighting, electrical, heat and cold, nuisance dust,
fire/explosion, machine grinding, working space.
2. Chemical
Gases, dusts, fumes, vapours, liquids.
3. Ergonomic
Tool design, equipment, job/task design, work station design, manual
handling.
4. Radiation
Microwaves, infra-red, ultra violet, lasers (non-ionising) and x-rays, gamma
rays (ionising).
5. Psychological
Shiftwork, workload, dealing with the public, harassment, discrimination,
threat of danger, low level constant noise.
6. Biological
Infections, bacteria and viruses like hepatitis.

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 Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-07
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Self- Check 2.1-4

(Type of Test): Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

____________1. Occupational health and safety is about preventing work injury,

illness and disease?
____________2. A grounding wrist strap is not effective in discharging static
electricity?
____________3. Respiratory protection is vital on sites where toxic substances
are present.
____________4. Eye and face protection are equally as important as head
protection
____________5. PPE is equipment that will protect workers against health or
safety risks on the job.

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ANSWER KEY 2.1-4

1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

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 Information Sheet 2.1-5

Network Cable Splicing

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Know types of networking cables
2. Crimp network cables using EIA/TIA Standards
Introduction
In the previous information, the Personal Protective Equipment and Occupational
Health & Safety is discussed and perform upon given time
In this information sheet we will be discussing EAI/TIA 568 Standards and cable
splicing.

Network cabling
Network cables are used to connect and transfer data and information between
computers, routers, switches and storage area networks . These cables are
essentially the carrier or media through which data flows.

There are different types of communications cables, and the appropriate type to
use will depend on the structure and topology of the overall architecture of the
system. The most commonly used types of communications cables are dominated
by what is referred to as “twisted pair cable”. In local area networks; typically office
environments, retail and commercial sites, copper communications cabling, i.e.,
twisted pair cable is by far the most commonly used type of cable.

Twisted pair cable is used in many Ethernet networks. Comprising of four pairs of
thin wires or conductors, these 'wires' or conductors, are contained inside of the
insulation or outer sheath of the cable. Each pair is twisted into several additional
twists. These twists are designed to prevent interference from other devices and
indeed from other adjacent cables!

Fiber optic cabling is specified where high bandwidths may be needed; especially in
the data centre environment and where an installation demands high capacity,
typically a hospital, airports, banks....However, Fiber optic cabling is fast becoming
the medium of choice for any installation that is sending high volumes of data!

Of course, there are other types of cables, i.e., coaxial cable, multi-pair cable and
of course, other types of media such as wireless, otherwise known as wifi.

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 Types of Network Cables

 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
 Coaxial Cable
 Fiber Optic Cable
 WLans

Twisted pair cabling comes in two varieties: shielded and unshielded.

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most popular and is generally the best
option for school network

Unshielded twisted Pair (UTP)

Unshielded twisted Pair is a set of three or four pairs of wires with each wire in
each pair twisted around the other to prevent electromagnetic interference. UTP
cabling uses RJ-45, RJ-11, RS 232 and RS 449 popular than shielded twisted
pair cable (STP) or Coaxial cable, an example of UTP application is telephone
networks, which use Rj-11 connectors, and 10baseT network which use Rj-45
connectors. UTP comes in forms; the maximum length is 100 meters, without
using any kind of signal regenerate and a maximum data transfer rate of 1000
mbps for gigabit Ethernet

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Shielded Twisted Pair (STP),
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), like UTP, also has
four pairs of wires with each wire in each pair
twisted together. However, the difference is that
STP is surrounded with a foil shield and copper
braided around the wires that allows more
protection from any external electromagnetic
interference. Because of the shielding, the cable
is physically larger, more difficult to install and
terminate, and more expensive than UTP. For
applications in electrically noisy environments,
STP uses RJ-45, RJ-11, RS-232, and RS-449
connectors. Like UTP, STP also comes in Cat 2,
3, 4, or 5 grades; however, only Cat5 is
recommended for any data applications. The
maximum cable length with no signal
regenerating device is 100 meters, with a
maximum data transfer rate is 500 Mbps.

Twisted Pair Cable Components

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Like coaxial cable, twisted pair has connectors which are used to connect to the
NIC and other network devices. The connectors used look similar to RJ11
telephone jacks, however, there are differences: the RJ11 is smaller and has only
has four wires whereas the UTP RJ45 connectors are larger and have eight wires.

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a metal shield and
other components engineered to block signal interference. It is primarily used
by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customer
homes and businesses. It is also sometimes used by telephone companies to
connect central offices to telephone poles near customers. Some homes and
offices use coaxial cable, too, but its widespread use as an Ethernet
connectivity medium in enterprises and data centers has been supplanted by
the deployment of twisted pair cabling.

There are two types of coaxial cable:

 Thinnet cable (10Base2)

 Thicknet cable (10Base5)

Thinnet coaxial cable is connected using special connectors and requires to be

terminated at each end using a 50ohm resistor.

10Base2 stands for:

 Data Transmission Rate of 10Mbps, i.e. 10

 Uses baseband transmission, i.e. Base
 Used in Ethernet networks it has a maximum cable length of 185 metres,
i.e. the 2 for approximately 200 meters

Thinnet Connections

Thinnet uses a component, known as a BNC connector, to make the

connections between the cable and the computers. There are several important
components in the BNC family that include:

 The BNC cable: The BNC cable connector is either soldered or crimped to
the end of a cable
 The BNC T connector: This connector joins the network interface card
(NIC) in the computer to the network cable
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  The BNC barrel: This connector is used to join two lengths of thinnet
cable to make one longer length
 The BNC terminator: A BNC terminator closes each end of the bus cable
to absorb stray signals

BNC COMPONENTS
T piece connector Barrel connector

Terminator Female connector

Thicknet (10Base5)

Thicknet is similar in construction to Thinnet, however, there is an additional

layer of aluminium insulation and copper braid. This means that the cable is
more rigid and reliable and can be used for longer runs.

The thicker the copper core, the further the cable can carry signals. Thicknet is
sometimes used as a backbone to connect several smaller thinnet based
networks.

10base5 stands for:

 Data Transmission Rate of 10Mbps, i.e. 10

 Uses baseband transmission, i.e. Base
 Used in Ethernet networks it has a maximum cable length of 500 metres,
i.e. the 5 is for 500 metres

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Fiber optic cable

A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A
fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable
of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves.

Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communications

lines:

Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables.
This means that they can carry more data.
Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference.
Fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires.
Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data)
rather than analogically.

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 Advantages:

 It is immune to EFI and RFI

 It can cover greater distances more reliably than wire
 It can handle greater speeds, e.g. 1000Mbps and upwards
 It can not be compromised by signal tapping

Disadvantages:

 It is not as robust as wire

 It is more expensive to buy
 It is more expensive to install
 It has be installed by specialists

Wlans
- A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless computer network
that links two or more devices using wireless communication within a
limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office
building. This gives users the ability to move around within a local
coverage area and yet still be connected to the network. Through a
gateway, a WLAN can also provide a connection to the wider Internet.

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Advantages of wireless networks:

 Mobility - With a laptop computer or mobile device, access can be

available throughout a school, at the mall, on an airplane, etc. More and
more businesses are also offering free WiFi access ("Hot spots").
 Fast setup - If your computer has a wireless adapter, locating a wireless
network can be as simple as clicking "Connect to a Network" -- in some
cases, you will connect automatically to networks within range.
 Cost - Setting up a wireless network can be much more cost effective
than buying and installing cables.
 Expandability - Adding new computers to a wireless network is as easy
as turning the computer on (as long as you do not exceed the maximum
number of devices).

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 EIA/TIA standards

TIA/EIA-568. ANSI/TIA-568 is a set of telecommunications standards from

the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). The standards address
commercial building cabling for telecommunications products and services. ...
An IEC standard ISO/IEC 11801 provides similar standards for network
cables.

- Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

- Electronic Industries Association (EIA)

EIA/TIA color codes

Pin outs T568A and T568B

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 Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-07
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CRIMPING CABLES

Tools and materials needed:

• Cat5e cable
• RJ45 connectors
• Cable stripper
• Scissors
• Crimping tool
• Wire striper

Making connections –Steps

Step 1 – Strip cable end

 Strip 1 – 1½” of insulating sheath

 Avoid cutting into conductor insulation

Step 2 – Untwist wire ends

 Sort wires by insulation colors

Step 3 – Arrange wires

 TIA/EIA 568A: GW-G OW-Bl BlW-O BrW-Br
 TIA/EIA 568B: OW-O GW-Bl BlW-G BrW-Br

Step 4 – Trim wires to size

 Trim all wires evenly
 Leave about ½” of wires
exposed

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Step 5 – Attach connector
 Maintain wire order, left-to-right, with RJ45 tab facing
downward

Step 6 - Check
 Do all wires extend to end?
 Is sheath well inside connector?

Step 7 - Crimp
 Squeeze firmly to crimp connecter
onto cable end (8P)

Step 8 – Test
 Does the cable work?

Straight Through Cable

If crimping is good the led indicators
Will light starts from 1-8 in both ways

Cross Over Cable

If crimping is good the led indicators
Will light from the left start from 1-8
And from the right 3-6-1-4-5-7-8 simultaneous
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Self- Check 2.1-5

(Type of Test): Multiple Choice

1. Which are the two twisted pair cables types available?

a) UDP and FTP

b) STP and UDP
c) UTP and FTP
d) STP and UTP

2. What type of connector do twisted pair cables on computer networks use?

a) RJ-11
b) RJ-30
c) RJ-45
d) RJ-50

3. What was the type of cable used by old 10Base2 Ethernet networks?

a) Thin coaxial
b) Thick coaxial
c) Twisted pair
d) Fiber optic

4. Regarding unshielded twisted pair cables we CANNOT state:

a) They are classified in categories, from 1 to 7.

b) Each pair of wires is twisted so that the electromagnetic field produced
by one wire is cancelled by the electromagnetic field produced by the
other.
c) They are the most used type of networking cable nowadays.
d) They cannot be used on Gigabit Ethernet networks.
e) None of the above.

5. What is the maximum segment length for a Fast Ethernet network using unshielded
twisted pair cables?

a) 100 m / 328 feet

b) 150 m / 492 feet
c) 185 m / 607 feet
d) 200 m / 657 feet
e) None of the above.
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ANSWER KEY 2.1-5

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A

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 TASK SHEET 2.1-5
Title: Network Cable Splicing

Performance Objective: Given the knowledge and skills on making

network cable using EIA?TIA standards.

Supplies/Materials : Network Cable ,rj-45

Equipment : Lan tester, Crimper

Steps/Procedure:
a) Identify the EIA/TIA Standard color code
b) Determine the what color code you are going to use
c) Observer safety procedure in splicing cable
d) Demonstrate the proper steps in making network cables.

Assessment Method:
Actual demonstration
Oral questioning

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 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-5

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
Identify the EIA/TIA Standard color code
Determine the what color code you are going to use
Observer safety procedure in splicing cable
Demonstrate the proper steps in making network cables.

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 Information Sheet 2.1-6

Structured Network Cabling

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn Structured Cabling systems
2. Terminology
Introduction
 In the previous information, the EIA/TIA 568 standards are discussed and
perform upon given time.
 In this information sheet we will be discussing the Standard structured
network cabling

Structure Cabling System

A structured cabling system is a complete system of cabling and associated

hardware, which provides a comprehensive telecommunications infrastructure.
This infrastructure serves a wide range of uses, such as to provide telephone
service or transmit data through a computer network.

In telecommunications, structured cabling is building or campus cabling

infrastructure that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements
(hence structured) called subsystems.

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 Components of Structured Cabling

Entrance Facilities (EF) – Points in building facility where the cabling from the
telephone/network company connects with cabling at the building premises

Equipment Room (ER) – consist of the wiring and equipment used to make
connections to user inside the building.

Backbone cabling (BC) – Connects the telecommunication rooms, equipment

rooms, access providers and entrance facility.

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Horizontal Cabling (HC) – connects the telecommunication rooms to
communication outlets in the work areas.

Telecommunications Room (TR) – provide connections between backbone and

horizontal cabling.

Work Area (WA) – work area components extend from the telecommunications
outlet/connector end of the horizontal cabling system to the WA equipment.

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Self- Check 2.1-6

(Type of Test): FILL IN THE BLANKS THE ANSWER GIVEN ABOVE

Horizontal telecommunication room backbone cabling

Equipment room entrance facilities work area

_________________1. a standard structured cabling were components extend

from the telecommunications outlet/connector end of the horizontal cabling
system to the WA equipment.
_________________2. consist of the wiring and equipment used to make
connections to user inside the building.
_________________3. Points in building facility where the cabling from the
telephone/network company connects with cabling at the building premises
_________________4. Connects the telecommunication rooms, equipment rooms,
access providers and entrance facility.
_________________5. Connects the telecommunication rooms to communication
outlets in the work areas.

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ANSWER KEY 2.1-6

1. WORK AREA
2. EQUIPMENT ROOM
3. ENTRANCE FACILITY
4. BACKBONE
5. HORIZONTAL CABLING

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 Information Sheet 2.1-7

Check Installation Work

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

Introduction
 In the previous information, the standard structured cabling is discussed
and perform upon given time.
 In this information sheet we will be discussing the importance of checking
your work

Quality control
- is a process within an organization designed to ensure a set level of
quality for the products or services offered by a company. ... Most
companies provide a service or a product. The control is important to
determine that the output being provided is of overall top quality.

The importance of Quality is critical to satisfying your customers and retaining

their loyalty so they continue to buy from you in the future. Quality products
make an important contribution to long-term revenue and profitability. They
also enable you to charge and maintain higher prices.

Why it’s important to check your work?

Sometimes, you make mistakes. I don’t care who you are, what your GPA is, or
what your SAT scores are. Sometimes, you make mistakes. If you’re the kind of
student who is able to finish sections before time is called, it’s pure hubris not
to use that opportunity to check your work.

How to Check If Ethernet Cable Is Faulty?

There are three primary types of network cable issues: connectivity issues,
performance issues and continuity issues. If your network connection has
stopped working and you believe it may be caused by a faulty cable that connects
you to an Ethernet network, there are three basic tests you can perform to see if
the cable is the problem.

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Testing for Connectivity Issues

Connectivity issues are usually caused by a fault in a cable or its connections at

either end. A quick test to check the connectivity is to plug the suspected cable
into the network connector of another computer or network device. Typically, the
jack you plug the cable into is part of a network adapter, which provides the
interface between a computer or device and the network cable.

If you have a performance issue, your network connection is failing intermittently

or is transmitting data at much slower speeds. Performance issues are typically
caused by a damaged or bent cable. While you can usually straighten a bent
cable to solve the problem, you may need to replace a damaged cable.

To troubleshoot a performance issue, visually scan the length of the cable and
look for any sharp bends, kinks or other physical faults in the cable. On many
cable installations, like those where the cable is installed inside of a wall, you
may need to seek additional help. However, if you find a sharp bend or kink in
the cable, straighten the cable and check to see if the problem is resolved.

Before simply replacing the cable, shake the cable lightly at the connector side-
to-side to see if the connection can be reestablished. If so, the problem is in the
connector, which means you should repair or replace the entire cable. If both of
these tests fail to correct the issue, your best bet is to replace the cable with one
you know is good.

Testing for Continuity Issues

In addition to faulty connectors and bends in a cable, continuity issues can also
be caused by a cut or sliced cable, a foreign object -- like a nail, staple or screw
-- penetrating the cable, strong electromagnetic interference, or EMI, or any other
physical damage or interference. If a visual scan of a cable's length is possible,
check for any of these causes. If the cable cannot be visually checked, test it with
a continuity tester, an electronic device made especially for this purpose. If the
problem is EMI -- or its cousin radio frequency interference, or RFI -- the
continuity tester should identify it as low continuity.
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If the Problem Persists

If you've replaced the network cable and this failed to resolve the problem, it is
likely that the issues are with local network configuration, one or more of the
network connectivity devices -- such as the adapter, switches, routers and so on
-- or a network server's operating system. A fault at these levels requires a higher-
level of troubleshooting.

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Self- Check 2.1-7

(Type of Test): MULTIPLE CHIOCE

1. What will you do first if you found out that network cable is damaged?
a) replace cable immediately
b) call network administrator
c) check the cable and see what is damaged

2. What would be the effect if there is performance issue of your network?

a) connection is failing
b) data at much slower speeds
c) damaged or bent cable
d) none of these

3. EMI stand for?

a) Electric meter interface
b) Electro magnetic interference
c) Electro mechanic interface
d) Electic magnet interference

4. What could be the things that affect the networks performance?

a) Network range & Distance between devices
b) Wireless network interference
c) Signal sharing
d) Network usage and load
e) All of the above

5. Why is it important to have quality control?

a) To make sure to the costumer a good quality
b) To ensure all products are working well
c) To satisfies the needs of the costumer
d) All of the above

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Answer Key 2.1-7

1. C
2. A and B
3. B
4. E
5. D

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 Information Sheet 2.1-8

5s Principles

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
6. Know principles of 5S
7. Implement 5S in workplace
Introduction
 In the previous information standard structured cabling is discussed and
perform upon given time.
 In this information sheet we will be discussing the 5 principles of 5s and
occupational health and safety

Occupational Health and Safety ( OHS )

Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHMS) are
designed to manage health and safety data to give an organization the best
chances of having an incident-free workplace.
5S is the name of a workplace organization method that uses a list of five
Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke. Transliterated into
Roman Script, they all start with the letter "S". ... In some quarters, 5S has
become 6S, the sixth element being safety.

1S – Sort

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Identify the items that are needed to perform work in the work areas. Clear
(sort out) all other items from the work area. Benefits:
 Extra work space
 Improved safety
 Improved productivity
 Improved utilization of materials, supplies, and resource
 More visible work flow
 Improved employee satisfaction (better place to work)
 Improved quality
2S - Set In Order
All needed items have a place in the work area and each needed item is in the
correct place. Improve ease of or need for retrieval. Benefits:
 Elimination of time, motion, and effort needed to search for or
retrieve tools and supplies (tools and supplies are located at point
of use)
 Improved safety through an organized workplace
 Increased productivity
3S - Shine
Proactive/preventive housekeeping to keep work areas, work surfaces, and
equipment clean and free from dirt, debris, oil, etc. Benefits:
 Cleaner and more satisfying place to work
 Improved Quality
 Maintenance issues exposed faster (planned downtime vs.
unplanned downtime)
 Improved safety (fewer accidents)
4S - Standardize
Do things in a consistent and standard way. Standardize activities, procedures,
instruction, schedules, and the persons responsible for helping keep the
workplace clean and organized. Standardize work area layouts and storage
techniques wherever possible.
5S - Sustain
Integrate 5S principles into the organization's OHS or BOS in order to sustain
new standards and continually improve the workplace.
The key benefits of 5S are:

 Less Waste (Improved Efficiency)

 Reduced Space Used For Storage
 Improved Maintenance
 Improved Safety
 Better, More Committed Employees
 Improved Quality

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Self- Check 2.1-8

(Type of Test): MULTIPLE CHIOCE

1. Do you know the 5S method?

d) I heard about it
e) I visited a company that daily practice
f) Another method furthermore
g) I want to implement it in my company
2. What's the meaning of the 5S?
e) The five pillars of a method
f) The first letter of each phase of a housekeeping method
g) A number of things to do every day to keep the factory clean
h) I don't know
3. Does the 5S method have a positive impact on safety at work?
e) I don't think so, that has nothing to do with it
f) Safety depends mostly on staff vigilance
g) In some cases, that might be useful
h) This is very important, it's even a necessary prerequisite
4. Does the 5S method improve maintenance?
f) Yes, it's essential before any effective maintenance
g) It's nice to have but doesn't really impact
h) This has no influence, technical knowledge of production tools is more
important
i) It's a waste of time, downtime cutting is priority
5. Does the 5S method improve the working atmosphere?
e) I don't understand why
f) The cost control is more important, the atmosphere is secondary
g) A good atmosphere is achieved through positive relationships, not by a
method
h) A clean and orderly environment favors a good atmosphere
6. Does the 5S method strengthen quality monitoring?
a) These are two different concepts
b) The quality depends mostly on staff involvement and on quality controls
c) Yes that can have a positive effect
d) How to ensure quality in a dirty and messy environment?
7. Does the 5S method influence the brand image?
a) No, absolutely not, it's a marketing issue
b) A quick cleaning before a visit is more than enough
c) I cannot allow to make clean permanently
d) A good first impression gives the company a very positive a-priori
8. Is the 5S method difficult to implement?
a) I do not have the money to devote time to it every day
b) Machines must run continuously, so no time to stop for cleaning
c) We take advantage of holidays or shutdowns to outsource cleaning
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 d) Once main actions are completed, the daily monitoring is organized easily
9. Is the 5S method is expensive?

a) Yes, it's very expensive and must always be repeated

b) At first it's an investment, but well monitored, it brings in money every
day
c) The indirect profit may be significant
d) The cost/benefit ratio is difficult to estimate
10. Choose the most important success criteria to you :
a) Consider 5s method as a high priority just like the production
b) Dedicate a small budget to it
c) Get personally involved and lead by example on a daily basis
d) Give it as an objective to executives and team leaders

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Answer Key 2.1-8

1. D
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. A

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 Information sheet 2.1-9
3rs Waste Management
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
11. Know WEE directives
12. Know what is 3r
13. Implement 3r in workplace
Introduction
 In this information sheet we will be discussing 3rs waste management.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulation
(WEEE) is a directive in the European Union that designates
safe and responsible collection, recycling and recovery
procedures for all types of electronic waste.

Importance of WEEE
All electrical waste contains chemicals that are harmful to
the environment. When WEEE is simply dumped in landfills,
over time the products decay and leak toxins into the earth and our water
systems. This can lead to the toxins entering our food chain and ultimately, into
us

Waste Management
Waste management is the process of treating solid wastes and offers variety of
solutions for recycling items that don’t belong to trash. It is about how garbage
can be used as a valuable resource. Waste management is something that each
and every household and business owner in the world needs. Waste
management disposes of the products and substances that you have use in a
safe and efficient manner.
Importance of waste management
The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the
environment and the health of the population. Rubbish and waste can cause air
and water pollution. Rotting garbage is also known to produce harmful gases
that mix with the air and can cause breathing problems in people.
Types of waste

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Generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. Both of them could be
hazardous. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic,
re-usable and recyclable waste.
Let us see some details below:

Liquid type

Waste can come in non-solid form. Some solid waste can also be converted
to a liquid waste form for disposal. It includes point source and non-point
source discharges such as storm water and wastewater. Examples of liquid
waste include wash water from homes, liquids used for cleaning in
industries and waste detergents.

Solid type

Solid waste predominantly, is any garbage, refuse or rubbish that we make

in our homes and other places. These include old car tires, old newspapers,
broken furniture and even food waste. They may include any waste that is
non-liquid.

Hazardous type

Hazardous or harmful waste are those that potentially threaten public health
or the environment. Such waste could be inflammable (can easily catch fire),
reactive (can easily explode), corrosive (can easily eat through metal) or toxic
(poisonous to human and animals). In many countries, it is required by law
to involve the appropriate authority to supervise the disposal of such
hazardous waste. Examples include fire extinguishers, old propane tanks,
pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (e.g, thermostats) and lamps (e.g.
fluorescent bulbs) and batteries.

Organic type

Organic waste comes from plants or

animals sources. Commonly, they
include food waste, fruit and
vegetable peels, flower trimmings and
even dog poop can be classified as
organic waste. They are biodegradable
(this means they are easily broken
down by other organisms over time
and turned into manure). Many people turn their organic waste into
compost and use them in their gardens.

Recyclable type
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Recycling is processing used materials (waste) into new, useful products.
This is done to reduce the use of raw materials that would have been used.
Waste that can be potentially recycled is termed "Recyclable waste".
Aluminum products (like soda, milk and tomato cans), Plastics (grocery
shopping bags, plastic bottles), Glass products (like wine and beer bottles,
broken glass), Paper products (used envelopes, newspapers and magazines,
cardboard boxes) can be recycled and fall into this category.

The principle of reducing waste, reusing and recycling resources and products
is often called the
"3Rs."
Reducing
- means choosing to use items with care to reduce the amount of waste
generated.
Reusing
- involves the repeated use of items or parts of items which still have
usable aspects.
Recycling
- means the use of waste itself as resources.

Waste minimization can be achieved in an efficient way by focusing primarily on

the first of the 3Rs, "reduce," followed by "reuse" and then "recycle." The waste
hierarchy refers to the "3Rs" i.e., reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste
management strategies according to their desirability. The 3Rs are meant to be
a hierarchy, in order of importance. The waste hierarchy has taken many forms
over the past decade, but the basic concept has remained the cornerstone of
most waste minimization strategies. The aim ofthe waste hierarchy is to extract
the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum
amount of waste.

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Self- Check 2.1-9

Multiple Choice

1. What are the four basic waste categories?

a) Hazardous, spent electronics, bulk, municipal trash
b) Hazardous, non-hazardous, special, universal
c) Recyclable, organic, toxic, solid

2. A solid waste can be in many forms including: a liquid, sludge, aersol,

granular or solid.
a) True
b) False

3. When trash is burned in an incinerator, it is completely destroyed and no

waste is still present.
a) True
b) False

4. Material that is synthetic or not able to be broken down is called

_______________.
a) biodegradable
b) trash
c) non-degradable
d) hazardous waste

5. Which one of the following is NOT a method for handling non-degradable

solid waste?
a) burning
b) burying
c) recycling
d) composting

6. Which method of waste disposal is most effective at reducing the volume

of solid waste?
a) burying
b) burning
c) recycling

7. Hazardous materials are discarded liquids and solids that are

_______________.
a) fatal to humans or laboratory animals in low doses
b) toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic

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c) explosive
d) any of these qualities

8. ___________ is the process of reclaiming raw materials and reusing them

to create new products.
a) Reducing
b) Repurposing
c) Recycling
d) Composting

9. Most recycling focuses on four major categories of products. Which one

of these is NOT one of them?
a) paper
b) plastic
c) chemicals
d) glass

10. A(n) _______________ is specially designed to safely hold municipal

solid waste, construction debris, and some types of agricultural and
industrial waste.
a) sanitary landfill
b) open dump
c) waste pit
d) dumpster

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Ralfh P. De Guzman
Network Revision # 01
ANSWER KEY 2.1-5

1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. A

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-07

Computer System December 2017 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Date Revised:
January 2018
Developed by: NTTA P a g e | 78
Set-up Computer
Ralfh P. De Guzman
Network Revision # 01
 Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-07
Computer System December 2017 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Date Revised:
January 2018
Developed by: NTTA P a g e | 79
Set-up Computer
Ralfh P. De Guzman
Network Revision # 01