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Final Exam

This document contains a final exam for a linguistics course with 12 questions covering topics like the relationship between language and culture, differences between communication types, language subordination, dialect development, style-shifting vs code-switching, sociolinguistics, idiolects vs sociolects, social markers, registers, accents vs dialects, language planning stages, and differences between creoles and pidgins. The student provided thorough answers to each question in the exam.

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Erina Kiranti
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1K views

Final Exam

This document contains a final exam for a linguistics course with 12 questions covering topics like the relationship between language and culture, differences between communication types, language subordination, dialect development, style-shifting vs code-switching, sociolinguistics, idiolects vs sociolects, social markers, registers, accents vs dialects, language planning stages, and differences between creoles and pidgins. The student provided thorough answers to each question in the exam.

Uploaded by

Erina Kiranti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ERINA KITANTI

2018710019
FINAL EXAM
INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS
3 CREDITS
1. Describe the relationship between language and culture? Why is it important to learn
culture when you are learning a language?
2. What is the difference between “cross-cultural,” “intercultural” and “multicultural”
communication?
3. From a linguistic point of view, there are no good or bad varieties of a language.
However, there is a social process called “language subordination” whereby some
varieties are treated as having less value than others. Can you describe how this process
works in any social situation you are familiar with?
4. According to Brown and Attardo (2005 ): If children move to an area before the age of
nine, they are able to “pick up” the local dialect, which their parents do not. Do you think
this statement is true of both regional dialect and social dialect? When and how do you
think people develop their social dialects?
5. What is the difference between style-shifting and code-switching?
6. The term sociolinguistics is used generally for the study of the relationship between
language and society. What do you know about sociolinguistics?
7. What is the difference between an idiolect and a sociolect?
8. In what way can the pronunciation of -ing be a social marker?
9. What is meant by a “register”?
10. What is the difference between an accent and a dialect?
11. What are the first two stages of language planning in the process of adopting a national
language?
12. In what specific way is a creole different from a pidgin?
ANSWER!!

1.language and culture are two systems that are inherent in humans. If
culture is a system that regulates human interaction in society, then
language is a system thatfunctions as a means for the interaction to
take place.Why is it important to learn culture when you are learning a
language? because language and culture have a very close relationship
so when we want to learn a language we must also learn the culture
that is in that language
2. cross cultural communication is a communication study that focuses
on the comparison of communication practices that occur in various
cultures. One of the dimensions used to explain these similarities and
differences at the cultural and individual levels is the individual and
collective dimensions.Then,intercultural is a communication study
that focuses on interpersonal communication practices that occur
between individuals who have different cultural backgrounds. The unit
of analysis in this study is the relations and practices of interpersonal
communication between them. Forms of intercultural communication
include communication between different ethnic groups, different
religious groups, different countries, different subcultures, and
different sexes.while, The Multicultural Communication is
concentration focuses on the dynamics of communication across
cultures. It explores not only what happens when people of two
different cultures meet, but also what happens when people from a
variety of cultures and ethnicities come together in one organization,
community or country.
3. Example: we all can swin for today if i finish my homework

4.for me both regional dialect and social dialect develop,each word they
heard will develop by the palace,person that talking using new word
or language, and when work. Before age of nine kids will take local
dialect as they speak but in mean time it will develope by it self, new
friends that the kids meet or new colleague that the adult met at work.
5. Style shifting is a method of altering your speech to suit a particular
situation. The situation can dictate the style of speech you choose to
use. If you are in an informal situation you will probably speak
differently.while,Code-switching, process of shifting from one
linguistic code (a language or dialect) to another, depending on the
social context or conversational setting. Sociolinguists, social
psychologists, and identity researchers are interested in the ways in
which code-switching, particularly by members of minority ethnic
groups, is used to shape and maintain a sense of identity and a sense of
belonging to a larger community.
6. sociolingustic is the study of language and society and is also related
to social psychology, specifically with regard to how attitudes and
perceptions are expressed in the behavior of a group.
7.-ociolect is the variant of language used by a social group such as a
socioeconomic class, an ethnic group, an age group, etc
-idiolect is (linguistics) the language variant used by a specific
individual
8. The pronunciation of -ing with [n] rather than [ŋ] at the end of a word
such as sitting is a social marker associated with working-class speech
9. A register is a conventional way of using language that is appropriate
in a specific situation,occupation or in discussing a particular topic.
An example is the legal register, with its special jargon, used among
lawyers.
10. The term “accent” is used to refer to pronunciation features only,
whereas “dialect” covers Features of grammar, vocabulary and
pronunciation.
11. The first two stages are “selection” (choosing an official language)
and “codification” (creating grammars and dictionaries).
12. A creole has native speakers, a pidgin has none.

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