" እናንት፡እንጂ፡ናችኹ፡ያፍሪቃ፡ራስ፡ቅል፥

ክ.3.20030827 1 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ባለዘውድ፡ቋንቋ፥ባለነጻ፡አክሊል፤
ግእዝ፡ዐማርኛም፡ኹለቱ፡ቋንቆች፥
ታላቅ፡ታናሽ፡አባይ፥ያፍሪቃ፡ወንዞች፥
ካፍሪቃ፡ዐልፈው፡ተርፈው፡በባሕር፡በየብስ፥
ገና፡ይሰፋ፟ሉ፡እንደግዜር፡መንፈስ፤
ስላማርኛና፡ስለግእዝ፡ክብር፡
ዋዜማ፡ተቁሟል፡በብዙ፡አህጉር።"
ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ።
(፲፰፻፷፪-፲፱፻፴፮፡ዓ.ም.)

ወደ፡ዘላቂው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ሥርዐት፡አለችግር፡ለመሸጋገር።

ዋዜማ ፡ ሥርዐት
Wazéma ፡ System
Wazéma ፡ Système
ነጻው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የማስሊያ፡መጻፊያ፡ሥርዐት፥ክለሳ፡3፥ለ: Windows & Mac OSX
the free Ethiopian computer writing system, version 3, for:
le système d'écriture informatique éthiopien libre, version 3, pour:

ግእዝ-
ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡መዛግብት፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡መድበል፥(
የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡መዛግብት፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡መድበል፥(ክ.3)

መሥመረኛ፡መመሪያ• online manual•

መሥመረኛ፡መመሪያ•online manuel en-ligne
manual•manuel
(Amharic original with abridged English & French translations•Texte amharique avec des traductions française & anglaise abrégées)

ወሌ፡ነጋ
Welé Negga
http://www.gzamargna.net
11ኛ፡ዝግጅት፤ሚያዝያ፡27፡ቀን፥2003፡ዓ.ም.።
11th edition; 5th May 2010 A.D.•11ième édition; 5 mai 2011 A.D.
ክ.3.20030827 2 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ዋዜማ፡2003

ለድል፡በዓል፡
፸ኛ፡ዓመት፡መታሰቢያ።

"...፡እምቢ!፡አለች፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ቈንዳላ፡ተሠርታ።
"...፡እምቢ!፡አለች፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ቈንዳላ፡ተሠርታ።
ክ.3.20030827 3 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ምስጋና
ታናሽም፡ኾነ፡ታላቅ፥በጎ፡ሥራ፡ዅሉ፡ባለውለታን፡ሊያመሰግኑበት፡ይገባል፤ኾኖም፥ታላላቆቼን፡ክብር፡
መንሣት፡እንዳይኾንብኝ፥ስም፡ጠርቼ፡በዝርዝር፡ከማመስገን፡ይልቅ፥በጅምላ፦

ለዚህ፡ታናሽ፡ሥራ፥ምክራቸውን፣ዕውቀታቸውን፣ጊዜያቸውን፣ድጋፋቸውንና፡ማበረታታታቸውን፥በፍጹም፡
ቸርነት፣በእምነት፥ከሩቅም፡ከቅርብም፡ለለገሱኝ፡ዅሉ፥እግዚአብሔር፡ይስጥልኝ፥

እያልኹ፥ጥልቅ፡ምስጋናዬን፡በትሕትና፡አቀርባለኹ።

ይህ፥ከዚህ፡በታች፡የምታዩት፡ሥራ፥አንዳች፡ርባና፡ቢኖረው፥ነፍሳቸውን፡ይማርና፥

ክ.፡ሊ.፡ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፥

ከልጅነት፡እስከ፡ዕውቀት፡ዘመኔ፥ሳይሰለቹ፣ሳይታክቱ፥ሳይነፍጉ፣ሳይደብቁ፥ባባትነት፡የልጅ፡
ፍቅር፥በተወላጅነት፡ያገር፡ፍቅር፥ለዘመናት፡ከለገሱኝ፡ትምህርትና፡ምክር፥በንኡስ፡ችሎታዬ፡ያተረፍኩት፡
መክሊት፡ነውና፥ዕዳዬን፥ባልከፍለውም፥በተለይ፡ሳልጠቅሰው፡ማለፉን፡አልወድም።

ዋጋቸውን፡ቸር፡አምላክ፡በሰማይ፡ይክፈልልኝ።

ሠሪ፡እግዚአብሔር፥ሰውም፡መሣሪያው፡ነውና፥

አነሣሥቶ፡ላስዠመረኝ፥አስዠምሮ፡ላስፈጸመኝ፡

ለልዑል፡እግዚአብሔር፡ክብር፡ምስጋና፡ይግባው፥

ለዘለዓለሙ፤አሜን፨

Acknowledgements Remerciements

To all those who so generously extended to À tous ceux qui m'ont si généreusement
me their advice, expertise, time, support and prodigué leurs conseils, leur expertise, leur
encouragement, during the development of temps, leur soutien ainsi que leurs
Wazéma System, I express here my deep encouragements, durant le développement de
gratitude. Wazéma Système, j'exprime ici ma profonde
gratitude.

ማሳሰቢያ።
ይህ፡መመሪያ፡ሲሰናዳ፥በቃልም፡ኾነ፡በፊደል፡ረገድ፥ተገቢው፡ጥንቃቄ፡ዅሉ፡ተደርጎለታል።ኾኖም፥ዐልፎ፡
ዐልፎ፡ስሕተት፡መገኘቱ፡አይቀርምና፥በተገኘበት፡ቍጥር፡ይታረማል።

በተረፈ፥አንዳንድ፡ዐዳዲስ፡የማስሊያ፡ቃላት፡አንባቢን፡ግር፡ሊያሠኙ፡ይችላሉ፤ይህ፡እንዳይኾን፥በጥንቃቄ፡
የተሰናዳ፡የማስሊያ፡ግስ፡ወይም፡ቃላት፡መፍቻ፡እመመሪያው፡መጨረሻ፡ገጾች፡ላይ፡ይገኛል፤አስቀድሞ፡
ማየቱ፡ይጠቅማል።

አለደራሲው፡ፈቃድ፥የሥርዐቱን፡መሳ፟ሊያዎችም፡ኾነ፡ጽሑፎች፥እንዳለም፡ኾነ፡ለዋውጦ፡መሸጥ፡ክልክል፡ነው።

It is strictly forbidden to sell the enclosed software Il est formellement interdit de vendre le logiciel
Wazéma System or any of its documentation, with Wazéma Système ainsi que sa documentation, avec ou
or without modification, without the express sans modification, sans l'accord préalable et expresse
permission from the author. de l'auteur.

ISBN 0-9538769-0-X

ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት •Wazéma System •Wazéma Système  © ወሌ፡ነጋ፥1988-2003፡ዓ.ም.፤Welé Negga, 1996-2011 A.D.

በጽሑፉም፡ኾነ፡በመሳ፟ሊያው፡ረገድ፡ያለው፡መብት፡ዅሉ፡ለደራሲው፡በሕግ፡የተጠበቀለት፡ነው።
All rights reserved•Tous droits réservés.
ክ.3.20030827 4 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ማስሊያ•computer hardware•matériel informatique

መታ፟ያ፡(ምርኣይ)
monitor•écran

መጠቈሚያ
mouse•souris

መፍቻ-ገበታ
keyboard•clavier
መፍቻ
key•touche
 ክ.3.20030827 5 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ስሌትኛ•computing•informatique

አስሊ
computer user•utilisateur d'ordinateur
ማስሊያ
computer•ordinateur መሳ፟ተፊያ

ምግባር
operating system•système d'exploitation
(Windows፣Mac፣Unix፣Linux፣...)

መሳ፟ሊያ መግበር
software•logiciel
tool•outil

መገ፟ልገያ ማብጃ
general purpose tool•outil d'exploitation development tool•outil de développement
⁍ቃል፡ማሳኪያ•word processor•traitement de texte ⁍መቀመሪያ•programming tool•outil de programmation
(Microsoft Word፣ OpenOffice፣...) (Assembler፣C፣Java፣Prolog፣MySQL፣...)
⁍ምእላድ•database•base de données
⁍ወዘተ.•etc.

ብጅት
አገልግሎት
service ግብር development•développement
⁍ቅምር•program•programme
⁍መሳ፟ሊያ•software•logiciel
ክ.3.20030827 6 ዋዜማ፡2003
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አለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ።

(1862-1936፡ዓ.ም.)

Aleqa Kidane-Weld Kflé

(1870-1944 A.D.)

"ትምህርታችን፡ይጕረፍ፥ቋንቋችን፡ይፍሰስ፤

ጐርፉ፣ማዕበሉ፡አፍሪቃን፡ያልብስ፤

ኤውሮፓንም፡ያርካ፥እስያን፡ያርስ፤

ወዳሜሪካንም፡ይጋልብ፥ይገሥግሥ፤

እኛንም፡ያጥምቀን፡እንደ፡ዮርዳኖስ፤

ቀድሞ፡የተጣፈው፡በጥቍር፡ክርታስ፡

መጽሐፈ፡ዕዳችን፡እንዲደመሰስ።

በስመ፡አብ፡ወወልድ፡ወመንፈስ፡ቅዱስ።

(አሐዱ፡አምላክ፤አሜን።)"

ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ1

1 ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤መዝገበ፡ፊደል።ገጽ፡32።
http://www.gzamargna.net/html/mezgebefidel32.html
ክ.3.20030827 7 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ማውጫ•Contents•Table des matières

ምስጋና•Acknowledgements•Remerciements 3

ማውጫ•Contents•Table des matières 7

መቅድም•Preface•Préface 9

መግቢያ•Introduction 23

ምዕራፍ፡1 ጠቅላላ፡መግለጫ•General Presentation•Présentation Générale 27

ምዕራፍ፡2 የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ተከላ 40

Installation of Wazéma2003 •Installation de Wazéma2003 

ምዕራፍ፡3 የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አሰታተርና፡ያመታት፡ስልት 45

Wazéma2003  Keyboard Layout & Typing Method
Disposition de clavier Wazéma2003  & méthode de frappe

ምዕራፍ፡4 ልምምድ•Exercises•Exercices 55

ምዕራፍ፡5 ተደጋጋሚ፡ጥያቄና፡መልሱ 67
Frequently Asked Questions•Questions fréquemment posées

ምዕራፍ፡6 ሥርጭት•Distribution 69

ምዕራፍ፡7 በኢትዮጵያዊ፡ማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ዋዜማ 70
On the Eve of an Ethiopian Computing Standard
A la veille d'un standard informatique éthiopien

ተቀጥላ፡1 የጻሕፎች፡ዝምድና 76
Appendix 1: Kinship of Scripts
Appendice 1: Parenté des écritures

ተቀጥላ፡2 የቃላት፡ዝምድና 77
Appendix 2: Kinship of Words
Appendice 2: Parenté des mots

ተቀጥላ፡3 የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ድምጥ፡በሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡ሲደምጥ 79
Appendix 3: Transliteration of the Ethiopian Alphabet in Latin Characters
Appendice 3: Translittération de l'alphabet éthiopien en caractères latins

ተቀጥላ፡4 ፕሮሎግ-ቅመራ፡ባማርኛ 82
Appendix 4: Prolog Programming in Amharic
Appendice 4: Programmation Prolog en amharique

ተቀጥላ፡5 የቋንቋዎችና፡የጻሕፎች፡(ያጻጻፎች)፡ንጽጽር 87
Appendix 5: Comparisons of Languages and Scripts
Appendice 5: Comparaison de langues et écritures

ተቀጥላ፡6 ስለግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ቃላት፡አጻጻፍና፡ትርጕም፡መጠንቀቅ። 88
Appendix 6 : On G'z and Amharic Spelling
Appendice 6 : Sur l'orthographie g'z et amharique

ተቀጥላ፡7 የስምና፡አንቀጽ፡ርባታ፡በግእዝ-ዐማርኛ። 97
Appendix 7 : G'z-Amharic Word Generation from a Radical
Appendice 7 : Génération de mots g'z-amhariques à partir d'un radical

የስሌትኛ፡ግስ•Informatics Glossary•Glossaire d'informatique 98

መጥቀሻዎች•References•Références 105

ማስታወሻ•Notes 107
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አለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡

(1893-1977፡ዓ.ም.)

Aleqa Desta Tekle Weld

(1901-1985 A.D.)

"ያገሩን፡ቋንቋ፡ተምሮ፡ንባብ፡ከጽፈት፡ሳያውቅ፥

ያማርኛን፡ግስ፡በማቃለል፥ግእዝን፡ደግሞ፡በመናቅ፥

የፈረንጅ፡ፊደል፡አጥንቶ፡ምንም፡ቢያስተውል፡ቢራቀቅ፥

የሰው፡ወርቅ፡አያደምቅ፤አያደምቅ፡የሰው፡ወርቅ።"
2
ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ ።

2 ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡(አለቃ)፤ዐዲስ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፤ገጽ፡2።
http://www.gzamargna.net/html/fidelawariya2.html
ክ.3.20030827 9 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

መቅድም
"ዋይ! ዜማ፡ዘሰማዕኩ፡በሰማይ፡እመላእክት።"
ቅዱስ፡ያሬድ፥(ድጓ)።

ከሰባ፡ዓመት፡በፊት፡ይኾናል፥ኢትዮጵያ፡በፋሺስት፡ኢጣሊያ፡ተወራ፥አንድ፡ወጣት፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፥ከዝነኛው፡
ባለቅኔ፣ነገር፡ዐዋቂና፡የቀለም፡ሰው፥ከነጋድራስ፡ተሰማ፡እሸቴ፡ጋራ፥ነፋስ፡ለመቀበል፥በእግራቸው፡
ሲንሸራሸሩ፦ነጋድራስ፥መቼ፡ይኾን፡ፈረንጆችን፡የምንደርስባቸው፧ብሎ፡በወጣትነት፡መንፈስ፡
ቢጠይቃቸው፥በታወቀው፡ፈጣን፡አመላለሳቸው፦እኛ፡ስንኼድ፥እነሱ፡ደርሰው፡ሲመለሱ፥እመኻል፡መንገድ፡
እንገናኛለን፤ሲሉ፡መለሱለት።

ከሰባ፡ዓመት፡በዃላ፥በ 21 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡መባቻ፥ምዕራባውያንና፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፥መላ፟ውም፡
ዓለም፥"ኢንተርኔት"፡እተባለ፡መኻል፡መንገድ፡ላይ፥በ"ዩኒኮድ"፡አማካይነት፥እንሆ፥ተገናኝተናል።

በኹለትና፡ሦስት፡ሺሕ፡ዘመን፡ፍልስፍና፥በሦስትና፡አራት፡መቶ፡ዓመት፡ምርምር፥የምዕራብ፡
3
ሥልጣኔ፥ዘመናዊውን፡ጥበብ፡ተጐናጽፎና፡ዘመናዊውን፡ኪነት ፡ታጥቆ፥ሥነ፡ፍጥረትን፡ጠልቆ፡
እየመረመረ፥ዕለት፡በለት፥ተነግሮ፡የማያልቅ፡የዕውቀትና፡የክንዋኔ፡ሀብትን፡ያጐናፍራል።ማስሊያም፡ኾነ፡
ኢንተርኔት፥የዚሁ፡የምዕራብ፡ሥልጣኔ፡ጕዞ፡ግኝቶች፡ናቸው።

ለተማሪዎችና፡ለመምህራን፡በደረሱት፡መጽሐፋቸው፥ታላቁ፡ሊቅ፣የብርዕ፡ዐርበኛ፣አለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡
ክፍሌ፡እንዲህ፡ሲሉ፡ያነ፟ቃቁናል፦

"የተዳፈነ፡እሳት፥የተፈጥሮ፡ዕውቀት፥
አይነድም፥አይነድም፡ካልገላለጡት፤
እንዲጤስ፥እንዲነድ፥እንዲበረክት፥
መጨመር፡ያሻዋል፡ኵበትና፡ዕንጨት፤
ኵበቱም፡ዕንጨቱም፡የጥበብ፡ትምህርት፥
ኤውሮፖች፡በመጣፍ፡የለቃቀሙት።
እናንተም፡ለቃቅሙ፥ሰብስቡ፡በቅጥ፥
ቤታችኹ፡እንዲሞቅ፥እንዲገለምጥ፤
በቋንቋችኹ፡መጣፍ፥ባሮጌው፡ብራና፥
4
ዐዲሱ፡ሥልጣኔ፡አለተጣፈምና።"

እንደ፡አርስጣጣሊስ፡ያሉ፡ፈላስፋዎች፥እንደ፡ዴካርትና፡ኒውተን፡ያሉ፡ጥበበኛዎች፥እልፍ፡አእላፍ፡ያእምሮ፡
ሰዎች፥በድቅድቅ፡ጨለማ፥በሒሳብ፡እየተመሩ፥በጥበባዊ፡ርትዕ፡እያቀኑ፥ዕውር፡ድንብራቸውንም፡
ቢኾን፥ተጕዘው፡ያደረሱት፡ይህ፥በዘመናዊው፡ማስሊያ፡የሚመ፟ሰ፟ል፡የኪነት፡ብልጽግና፥መንገሪያው፡ቋንቋና፡
ማመልከቻው፡ፊደል፡ሲመረመሩ፥ከጥንታዊው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡መሠረት፣ከግእዝ፣ካማርኛ፡ጋራ፡ባልተጠበቀ፡
መንገድ፡ተገናኝተውና፡ተስማምተው፡ሲታዩ፥አቤት፡ማስደሰቱ!

ከአልፍ-A፡ተነሥተን፡ታው-T፡እስክንደርስ፥እያንዳንዱ፡ምዕራባዊ፡የፊደል፡ቅንጣት፥ቅርጽን፡
ከድምፅ፥ከኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ነሥቶ፡እናየዋለን።ተቀጥ፟ላ፟፡1 ን፡ይመለከቷል።(ገጽ፡78)
5 6 7 8
ከ electron ፡ተነሥተን፥በ kilo ፡በ meter ፡አድርገን፡እ technique ፡እስክንደርስ፥የያንዳንዱ፡ምዕራፍ፡
ቃል፥ከየት-መጣው፣ዘሩ፡ሲመረመር፥አኹንም፡ግእዝ፡ኾኖ፡እናገኘዋለን።ምስጋን፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡
ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያንና፡ለካህናቷ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደልና፡ቋንቋ፥ከነሥልጣኔዋ፥መለ፟ወጥ፣መከ፟ፋፈል፡
ሳያገኛቸው፥ተጠብቀው፡እዘመናችን፡ደርሰዋል።

ለግእዝ፡የተባለው፡ለሴም፡ቋንቋዎች፡ዅሉ፡ይረጋል፤ማስረጃውንም፡ለመስጠት፥ወደ፡ጥንተ፡ታሪክ፡መለስ፡
ማለት፡ያሻል።ለአውሮፓ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ዅሉ፡እንደ፡መሠረት፡የሚቈጠረው፡የጽርእ፡ቋንቋ፡(ግሪክኛ)፥
ከግእዝ፥በተለይ፡ደግሞ፡ከፊንቄ፣ከዕብራይስጥ፣ከአረማይስጥ፣ከዐረብ፥እንዲሁም፡ከኵሻውያን፡ቋንቋዎች፡ብዙ፡

3 ኪነት፤ገቢረ፡ኪን፥"ቴከኖሎጂ"።
4 ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤ፊደልና፡ፊደላዋሪያ፥የልጆች፡አፍ፡መፍቻ፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1941፡
ዓ.ም.፤ገጽ፡21።( http://www.gzamargna.net/html/fidelawariya21.html )
5 እለቄጥሩ፤ከየት-መጣው፣ቅጥራን።(ኪ.ወ.ክ.፥መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ፥ገጽ፡225 ና፡790።)
6 ከለየ፡ለካ፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፥"ኪሎ"ም፡"መክሊት"ም፡ይገኛሉ።(ኪ.ወ.ክ.፥መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡
ሐዲስ፥ገጽ፡533።)
7 መተረ፡ቈረጠ፥ለየ፥ከፈለ፡ካለው፡የግእዝ/ያማርኛ፡ዘር፥"መትር/ሜትር"፡ይወጣል።(ኪ.ወ.ክ.፥መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡
ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ፥ገጽ፡616።)
8 ኬነ፡(ከየነ)፤ብልኅ፡ኾነ፣ፈጠረ፣ሠራ፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፥"ኪን"፣"ኪነት"፣"መኪና"፡ይገኛሉ።(ኪ.ወ.ክ.፥ገ.530።
ደ.ተ.ወ.፥ገ.769) ( http://www.gzamargna.net/html/gzmezgebeqalat530.html )
ክ.3.20030827 10 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ቃላትን፡ወርሷል።ተራውን፥ጽርዕ፡ለምሥራቅ፡አውሮፓና፡ለመስኮብ፥እንዲሁም፥ከታናሽ፡እስያ፡በመጡት፡
በኤትሩስኮች፡አማካይነት፥ለሮማይስጥ፤ሮማይስጥ፡ደግሞ፡ለቀሩት፡ያውሮፓ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ዐያሌ፡ቃላትንና፡
ጻሕፋቸውን፡(አጻጻፋቸውን)፡አውርሰዋል።ውርሱ፡በአውሮፓውያን፡ብቻም፡አይደል፥በአፍሪቃውያንና፡በእስያውያንም፡
እንጂ።ለዚሁም፡ዋነኛው፡ምክንያት፥ሦስቱም፡አንጋፋ፡የዓለም፡ሃይማኖቶች፡
(አይሁድና፣ክርስትና፣እስልምና)፥በመዠመሪያ፡በሴም፡ቋንቋዎች፡ተነግረውና፡ተሰብከው፥ከአየርላንድ፡እስከ፡
ቻይና፣ከመስኮብ፡እስከ፡ኢንዶኔዚያ፡በዓለሙ፡ዅሉ፡መስፋፋታቸው፡ኾኖ፡እናገኘዋለን።በተለይ፡የመጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስ፡
ሥርጭትና፡ወደየቋንቋው፡መተ፟ርጐም፥ከሃይማኖቱ፡ጋራ፥በቋንቋው፡አማካይነት፥የዕውቀትና፡የሥልጣኔ፣የጥበብና፡
የኪነት፡ምስጢራትን፡ለሰው፡ልጅ፡አስተላልፈዋል፥ብርሃንን፡አብርተዋል።

የምዕራብና፡የምሥራቅ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ከሴም፡ቋንቋዎች፡ከወረሷቸው፡ቃላት፡ውስጥ፥ከየጥናት፡መስኩ፡በነሲብ፡
ለቅመን፥ለናሙና፡ያኽል፡ጥቂቶቹን፡ተቀጥላ፡2፡(ገጽ፡79)፡ላይ፡በሰንጠረዥ፡መልክ፡ደርድረናቸዋል፤እስቲ፡
አንድ፡አፍታ፡እንመልከታቸው።

እንግዲህ፥ማመልከቻው፡ምልክት፥መንገሪያውም፡ቃል፥ዓለምን፡ዞረው፡ዞረው፡እምንጫቸው፡
ሲመለሱ፥እንደወንዝ፡ውሃ፡ከሚፈሰው፡ዕውቀትና፡ከሰው-ሠራሹ፡አስደማሚ፡ኪነት፡ሌላ፥ምን፡ምን፡ይዘውልን፡
መጡ፧ምንስ፡አተረፍን፧

አጠቃለን፡ስናየው፥ሌላ፡ምንም፡አይደል፥ያተረፍነው፡"ግሎባል፡ፖልዩሽን"፣"ፓንዴሚክ"፡በያይነቱ፣"ጄኔቲክ፡
ማኒፕዩሌሽን"፣"ናኖ-ቴክኖሎጂ"፣"ኒዩክሊየር፡ፕሮሊፈሬሽን"፣"ቢግ፡ብራዘር"፣"ኮምፕዩተር፡
ቫይረስ"፣ሌላም፣ሌላም፡የዘመኑ፡መዓቶች፡ኾኖ፡እናገኘዋልን።ዓለም፡ከተፈጠረ፡ዠምሮ፡የተከታተሉት፡
ሥልጣኔዎች፡በጅምላቸው፡ያልነዙትን፡ጕድፍ፥ዛሬ፣የሰው፡ልጅ፥ዐሥር፡ዕጥፉን፥ያውም፡ጠንቀኛውን፥በየዕለቱ፡
ያራግፈዋል፤አካባቢውን፡ዳር፡እስከ፡ዳር፡ያኵለፈልፈዋል።ዓለም፡ከተፈጠረ፡ለመዠመሪያ፡ጊዜ፥የሰው፡ልጅ፡
ብቸኛ፡መኖሪያው፡የኾነችዪቱን፡ምድር፡10፡ጊዜ፡ደግሞ፡ደጋግሞ፡ሊያጠፋ፡የሚችልበትን፡የጥፋት፡ኀይል፡
አከማችቷል።መጥፊያው፡ተደግሶ፥የጥፋቱን፡ቀነ፡ቀጠሮ፡የሚጠባበቅ፡ይመስላል።

"መሻሻል"፡ስንል፡እንግዲህ፡ምን፡ማለታችን፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡ለይተን፡ማወቅ፡አለብን።የ"ሳይንስ"፣የ"ቴክኖሎጂ"፣
የ"ሜዲሲን"፡...፡መሻሻል፡የሰው፡ልጆችን፡ከመሞት፡ያድነናልን፧ርስ፡ለርሳችንስ፡
ሥልጡን፣ተከባባሪ፣ተፈቃቃሪ፣ቸር፡ያደርገናልን፧መንግሥታትንስ፡ርስ፡ለርሳቸው፡ሥልጡን፣ለፍትሕ፡
ተገዢ፣ለርትዕ፡ተረቺ፡ያደርጋቸዋልን፧ዛሬ፥በዓለማችን፡የምናየው፡ይህን፡አይደለም።የ"ሳይንስ"፡መራቀቅ፡
በየዕለቱ፡ኅቡኣትን፡ሲከሥት፤ወዲያውም፥"ቴክኖሎጂ"፡የ"ሳይንስን"፡ዐዲስ፡ግኝት፡በሥራ፡አውሎ፥የማልማትን፡
ችሎታ፡ከማጥፋት፡ችሎታ፡ጋራ፡እኩል፡ሲያዳብረው፤ተራቸውን፥ይህን፡ዐዲስ፡መንታ፡ችሎታ፡ፈጥነው፡
የጨበጡ፡ኀያላን፡ሲመኩበትና፡ሲታበዩበት፥ርስ፡በርሳቸውም፡ሲፎካከሩበትና፡ሲገዳደሩበት፥ደካማዎችንም፡
ሲጨቍኑበትና፡ሲደመስሱበት፡እናያለን፣እንሰማለን።በመጨረሻም፥ለሥጋው፡ድሎት፡ሲል፡
ተደልሎ፥በ"ቴክኖሎጂ"፡መሥገርት፡ተተብትቦ፡የተያዘው፡የሰው፡ልጅ፥ቀስ፡በቀስ፡ነጻነቱን፡ለ"ቴክኖሎጂ"፡ባርነት፡
ሲለውጥ፣ፈጽሞም፡ሲንበረከክ፥በነፍሱም፡ሲራብ፣ሲጠማ፥ያን፡ጊዜ፡የሥልጣኔው፡ብርሃን፡ፈዞ፣ደንግዞ፡
ይጠፋል፤የጨለማ፡ዘመን፡ይወድቅበታል።ጨለማም፡ይሏል፥መጠፋፋት፡ነው።

መደምደሚያውን፥የሰው፡ልጅ፥ገነትን፡በምድር፡ላይ፡አገኛታለኹ፥ባጣትም፡እፈጥራታለኹ፡ብሎ፡
ሲኳትን፥በመጨረሻ፥በምድር፡ላይ፡ሲኦልን፡እንደሚያገኘው፡ይኸው፡ተረጋገጠ።የምዕራብ፡ሥልጣኔ፥ከንግዲህ፡
መመ፟ለስ፡እንጂ፡መቀጠል፡እማይችልበት፥እመንገዱ፡ጫፍ፣እገደሉ፡አፋፍ፡ደረሰ።በ 2000፡ዓ.ም.፡ፍጻሜ፡
በዓለም፡የደረሰውን፡መናጋት፥ለይተው፡"ንዋያዊ፡መናጋት"፡ወይም፡"ፋይናንሻል፡ክራይሲስ"፡ቢሉትም፡
ቅሉ፥የጠቅላላው፡ምዕራባዊ፡ሥልጣኔ፡መናጋት፡ንፍፊት፡መኾኑን፡ጥቂቶች፡አምነውበታል።መንፈሳውያን፡አባቶች፡
ብቻ፡ሳይኾኑ፥የዓለም፡አካባቢያዊ፡ደኅንነት፡ያሳሰባቸው፡ዓለማውያን፡ፈላስፋዎችና፡ምሁራን፥የግዛት፡
ባለሥልጣኖችም፡ሳይቀሩ፥የሥልጣኔዎች፡ውይይት፡ማስፈለጉን፡ከመቼውም፡የበለጠ፡አምነውበታል።

ለጊዜው፡ሥጋቱ፡ጋብ፡ቢልም፥አደጋው፡ተረጋግጧል፤መናጋቱ፡ድንገትና፡ባልታወቀ፡ኀይል፡ሊባባስ፡
ስለሚችል፥ከጠድፉ፡ወደ፡ሜዳው፡መመ፟ለስን፡ዅሉም፡ይሹታል።ነገር፡ግን፥ምዕራባዊውን፡ሥልጣኔ፡ብሔራዊ፡
(የመላ፟፡ዓለም)፡ለማድረግ፥ማለት፡ለ"ግሎባሊዜሽን"፡ዓላማ፥እስከ፡ዛሬ፡ብዙ፡ስለተሠራና፥ለነገም፡ብዙ፡ስለ፡
ታቀደ፥እንዲህ፡በዋዛ፡የሚመለሱበት፡አይኾንም።

የሥልጣኔ፡ዅሉ፡መንገዱ፡ቋንቋ፥መንኰራኵሩም፡ፊደል፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥እንግሊዝኛን፥በግድም፡
በውድም፥ብሔራዊ፡ቋንቋ፤ሮማይስጥ፡(ላቲን)፡ፊደልን፡ደግሞ፥በግድም፡በውድም፥ብሔራዊ፡ፊደል፡ለማድረግ፡
በመላ፟፡ዓለም፡ሰፊ፡ዘመቻ፡ተይዟል።

የሰው፡ልጆች፦የምዕራብ፡ሥልጣኔ፡አዝማሚያው፡አላማረንም፤ከጥፋት፡መመለስ፡አለብን፡ብለው፡ያመኑ፡
እንደ፡ኾነ፡ግን፥ዐይነተኛው፡መመ፟ለስ፡የሥልጣኔ፡መመ፟ለስ፥መንገዱም፡ቋንቋ፥መንኰራኵሩም፡ፊደል፡መኾኑን፡
ዐውቀው፥መተኪያቸውን፡መሻት፡ይኖርባቸዋል።በዚህ፡ባለሦስት፡ረድፍ፡ብሔራዊ፡ጥያቄ፡ረገድ፥ኢትዮጵያ፡
ለዓለሙ፡ዅሉ፡በሦስቱም፡ረድፎች፡የምታበረክታቸው፡የተሟሉ፡ማማረጫዎች፡አሏት።
ክ.3.20030827 11 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
9
የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፥ቀዳሚ፣ምንጭ፡በመኾኑ፥ብሔራዊ ፡ነው፤የምዕራብም፣የምሥራቅም፡(የህንድና፡ከህንድ፡
ፊደል፡የወረዱት፡የእስያ፡ፊደሎች፡ዅሉ)፡ከርሱና፡ከመሰሎቹ፡ጥንታውያን፡ፊደሎች፡
ተገኝተዋልና።ምዕራባውያን፡"ኮንሶነንት"ና፡"ቫወል"፡ብለው፥የፊደልን፡ባሕርይ፡ለኹለት፡ከፍለው፡አግጣጫ፡
ሲለውጡ፥"የክርስቶስን፡ሥራ፡ዅሉ፡ወደ፡ኹለት፡አንክፈል"፡ያለች፡ኢትዮጵያ፥ፊደልን፡ባንድ፡ባሕርዩ፡ጠብ፟ቃ፡
ይዛለች፤ይውም፥ወረድ፡ብለን፡እንደምናየው፥የፊደሏን፡ብሔራዊነት፡አረጋግጦላታል።አግጣጫን፡መመለ፟ሱ፡
10
እንግዲህ፡ከፊደል፡ይዠምራል ።

እግዚአብሔር፡አዳምንና፡ሔዋንን፡ያነጋገረበት፡ግእዝ፡ቋንቋዋም፥ጠልቆና፡ረቆ፟፣ሞልቶና፡በቅቶ፡ምስጢራትን፡
11
ዅሉ፡ስለሚገልጥላት፥ትርጕም፡ጐደለብኝ፣ሐሳብ፡ረቀቀብኝ ፡ብላ፥በፍልስፍና፡አትባዝንም፥አግጣጫ፡አትስትም።
12
ሊቀ፡መዘምራን፡ሞገስ፡ዕቁበ፡ጊዮርጊስ ፥"መጽሐፈ፡ሥነ፡ፍጥረት"፡በተባለው፡መጽሐፋቸው፦

ይህ፡"ሥነ፡ፍጥረት"፡የተባለ፡መጽሐፍ፡ዛሬ፡የተጻፈ፡ወይም፡የተፈለሰፈ፡ዐዲስ፡ነገር፡
ሳይኾን፥ዓለም፡ከተፈጠረ፡ዠምሮ፥እግዚአብሔር፡በገለጠላቸው፡
ነቢያት፣ሐዋርያት፣ቅዱሳን፣ጻድቃን፡ታውቆ፡ሲነገርና፡ሲያያዝ፡እስከ፡ዘመነ፡ሙሴ፡
ደረሰ።ከዚያም፥ሊቀ፡ነቢያት፡ሙሴ፥"በቀዳሚ፡ገብረ፡እግዚአብሔር፡ሰማየ፡ወምድረ"፡
በሚል፡አርእስት፡የሥነ፡ፍጥረትን፡ነገር፡አምልቶ፣አስፍቶ፡ጽፏል።ከሱም፡በኋላ፥ተራ፡
በተራ፡የተነሡ፡ነቢያት፡የሱን፡መሠረት፡መነሻ፡በማድረግ፥አጕልተው፣አስፍተው፡
ጽፈዋል።ኋላም፥ጌታ፡ራሱ፥ሰው፡ኾኖ፡በዚህ፡ዓለም፡እየተመላለሰ፡ወንጌልን፡
ሲያስተምር፥ፈጣሬ፡ሰማያት፡ወምድር፡መኾኑን፡ልዩ፡ልዩ፡አምላካዊ፡ታምራት፡በማድረግ፡
አስረድቷል።(ዮሐ.፡4፥10-12)።

ከጌታም፡በኋላ፡ዓለሙን፡ለማስተማር፡የታዘዙት፡ከሐዋርያትና፡ሰባ፡አርድእት፡የሥነ፡
ፈጥረትን፡ነገር፡አምልተው፣አጕልተው፡አስተምረዋል።ከሐዋርያትና፡ከሰባ፡አርድእት፡
በኋላ፡የተነሡ፡ሊቃውንትም፡ሥነ፡ፍጥረትን፡በሰፊው፡አስረድተዋል።በዘመነ፡ኦሪት፡ኾነ፡
በዘመነ፡ወንጌል፡የተነሡ፡ሥጋውያን፡ፈላስፋዎችም፡የነቢያትንና፡የሐዋርያትን፡ሥነ፡
ጽሑፍ፡አጸደቁት፡እንጂ፡አላስተባበሉም።

ሳይንስ፡የተባለ፡እምነት፡በሰፈነበት፡ባኹኑ፡ጊዜ፡ግን፥በነቢያት፡በሐዋርያት፡ጊዜ፡
ያልታዩ፡ዐዳዲስ፡ጥበቦችና፡ፍልሰፋዎች፡ሰለሚታዩ፥የጊዜው፡ወጣቱ፡ትውልድ፡
ምድራዊውን፡ጥበብ፡እከታተላለኹ፡ሲል፥ካኹን፡ቀደም፡እንዳልተፈጠረና፡እንዳልነበረ፡
አስመስሎ፥በመጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስ፡ውስጥ፡የሚገኘውን፡የሥነ፡ፍጥረት፡ጽሑፍ፡ከመመልከት፡
ይልቅ፥ወደ፡ሳይንሳዊው፡እምነት፡አድልቶ፡ስለሚታይ፥እንዲያውም፡ዓለምና፡በዓለም፡
ውስጥ፡የሚገኘው፡ሥነ፡ፍጥረት፡በልማድ፡የተፈጠረና፡የኖረ፡መስሎ፡እስኪታየው፡
መድረሱ፡ስለሚያጠራጥር፥ጥንታዊውን፡ጽሑፍ፡መላልሶ፡እንዲመለከት፡ለማስታወስና፡
ለማሳሰብ፡ያኽል፡"ወኵሉ፡ዘተጽሕፈ፡ለተግሣጸ፡ዚኣነ፡ተጽሕፈ፡ከመ፡በትዕግሥትነ፡
ወበተወክሎ፡መጻሕፍት፡ንርከብ፡ተስፋነ።"፡(ሮሜ.፡15፥4)፡(በትዕግሥታችንና፡
መጻሕፍትን፡በመመልከት፡ተስፋችንን፡እንድናገኝ፡የተጻፈው፡ዅሉ፡እኛን፡ለመምከርና፡
ለመግሠጽ፡ተጻፈ።)፡ያለው፡የሐዋርያው፡ቃል፡ይህን፡የሥነ፡ፍጥረት፡አስተዋፅኦ፡
እንድጽፍ፡አሳሰበኝ።

ሲሉ፥ይንኑ፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ሊቃውንት፡ሐሳብና፡እምነት፡አስታውሰውናል።

9 "ብሔር"፡በግእዝ፡"ብሒር"፡(መስፋት፡መንጣለል፤መዘ፟ርጋት፥ሰፊ፣ዝርግ፣ወርዳም፣ረዥም፡
መኾን፥የቦታ፣የመሬት፣የርስት፣የግዛት፤ኪ.ወ.ክ.፥ገ.261)፡ካለው፡አንቀጽ፡ይወጣል።ወሰን፡ያለው፡ወይም፡ወሰን፡
የሌለው፡ሊኾን፡ይችላል።ሲወሰን፥ለምሳሌ፡"ብሔረ፡ኦሪት"፡ቢል፥የመጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡ክፍል፡
ያመለክታል፤እንዲሁም፡"ብሔረ፡ኵሽ"፡ቢል፥የኵሽ፡ልጆችን፡ምድር፡ለማለት፡ነው።ሳይወሰን፡ደግሞ፥ጠፈርን፡
ጨምሮ፥መላ፟ው፡ዓለም፣መላ፟ው፡ፍጥረት፡ማለት፡ነው፤ለምሳሌ፡"እግዚአብሔር"፡ስንል፡የፍጥረት፡ዅሉ፣የዓለም፡ዅሉ፡
ገዥ፡ማለታችን፡ነው።እንደዚሁ፥ሣልስ፡ቅጽሉ፡"ብሔራዊ"፥ሲወሰን፡"ምድራዊ"፡(በፈረንጅኛ፡"territorial")፤ሳይወሰን፡
ደግሞ፡"የመላ፡ዓለም"፡(በፈረንጅኛ፡"universal"•"universel")፡ማለት፡ነው።እዚህ፡ላይ፡"ብሔራዊ"ን፡"የመላ፟፡ዓለም"፡
ብሎ፡ያነቧል።(በጠቅላላው፥በዚህ፡ጽሑፍ፡ውስጥ፡"ብሔራዊ"፡የሚለው፡ቃል፥በትኽክለኛው፡ትርጕሙ፥"የመላ፟፡ዓለም"፡
ለማለት፡ውሏል፤በፈረንጅኛ፡"universal•universel"፡ይሉታል።"ሀገራዊ"፡ማለት፡ደግሞ፥በፈረንጅኛ፡"national"፡የሚሉት፡
ነው።)
10 ይህ፡ሰፊ፡ርእስ፡ነው፤ምዕራፍ፡7፡መግቢያውን፡ይጠቍማል።ሙሉውን፡ይዘት፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ሊቃውንት፡በጽሕፈት፡
አመልክተውታል፤ጥናቱና፡ምርምሩ፡ከንግዲህ፡ይዳብራሉ፡እንጂ፡አይመነምኑም።
11 ዐያሌው፡ታምሩ፡(አለቃ)፤መልእክተ፡መንፈስ፡ቅዱስ።ዐዲስ፡ዐታሚዎች፤ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1995፡ዓ.ም.።
12 ሞገስ፡ዕቁበ፡ጊዮርጊስ፡(ሊቀ፡መዘምራን)፥መጽሐፈ፡ሥነ፡ፍጥረት፥ንግድ፡ማተሚያ፡ድርጅት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1987፡
ዓ.ም.፥ገጽ፡1-2።
ክ.3.20030827 12 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
"አዳም13ም፡ለሚስቱ፦ሔዋን፡ብሎ፡ስም፡አወጣ፥የሕያዋን14፡ዅሉ፡እናት፡ናትና"።ዘፍ.3.20
"ኑ፥እንውረድ፤አንዱ፡ያንዱን፡ነገር፡እንዳይሰማው፥ቋንቋቸውን፡በዚያ፡እንደባልቀው"።ዘፍ.11.7
"ስለዚህም፡ስሟ፡ባቢሎን15፡ተባለ፥እግዚአብሔር፡በዚያ፡የምድርን፡ቋንቋ፡ዅሉ፡ደባልቋልና፤ከዚያም፡
እግዚአብሔር፡በምድር፡ዅሉ፡ላይ፡እነርሱን፡በትኗቸዋል"።ዘፍ.11.9
እነዚህ፡ሦስት፡የመጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስ፡ጥቅሶች፥የዓለም፡ቋንቋዎችን፡ኹኔታ፣የሥልጣኔዎችንም፡አዝማሚያዎች፡
እንድንመረምርባቸው፡ይረዱናል።የሰው፡ልጆች፣ዅላችን፥ካንድ፡አባት፣ካንድ፡እናት፡ተወልደናልና፥በመሠረቱ፡
አንድ፡ቋንቋ፡እንደ፡ነበረን፡አያጠራጥርም።በቤተ፡ሰብ፣በጎሣ፡ተዋግነን፥ከዚያም፡በነገድ፣በሀገር፡
ተለያይተን፥በቦታ፣በየብስ፡ተራርቀን፡ስንኖር፥በሕዝብነት፡ስንፈደፍድ፥መጨረሻውን፡ቋንቋዎቻችን፥እንደ፡
ልማዶቻችንና፡እንደ፡ታሪኮቻችን፥የየራሳቸውን፡ዐዲስ፡ጠባይና፡አገባብ፣ልዩ፡ድምፅና፡ፈሊጥ፡እየያዙ፡አድገውና፡
ዳብረው፥እንሆ፥ዛሬ፡በዓለም፡ላይ፡በብዙ፡ሺሕ፡በሚቈጠሩ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ተካለ፟ን፡እንገኛለን።ከነዚህም፡
ውስጥ፥ጥቂቶቹ፥እንደ፡እንግሊዝኛና፡ዐረብኛ፣እንደ፡ፈረንሳይኛና፡ስፓኝኛ፡ያሉት፥ድንበር፡ዘለል፡
እየኾኑ፥በብዙ፡አገሮች፡ስለሚነገሩ፥የ"አህጉራዊ፡ቋንቋ"፡ደረጃን፡ይዘዋል።

ኾኖም፥ከቋንቋ፡መደበላለቅ፡(መባበል)፡ዕጣ፡የተሰወሩት፡የሴም፡ቋንቋዎች፥እስከ፡ዘመናችን፡የመጽሐፍ፡
ቅዱስን፡ቃል፡ከነትርጕሙ፡ይዘው፡በመኖራቸው፥ለመንፈሳዊ፡ጥናትና፡ምርምር፡ቦታቸውን፡የሚቀናቀን፡
አልተገኘም፥አይገኝምም።

እውነት፡ነው፥ለሥጋዊው፡ጥናትና፡ምርምር፣ክንዋኔና፡አካኼድ፥እላይ፡ከጠቀስናቸው፡ቋንቋዎች፡
ውስጥ፥በተለይ፡እንግሊዝኛ፡የዘመኑ፡አንጋፋ፡ቋንቋ፡ኾኗል።ለዚህም፡ታሪካውያን፡ምክንያቶች፡አሉት፤የብሪታንያ፡
ምልክ፡ወይም፡"ኤምፓየር"፡የዓለምን፡አንድ፡አራተኛ፡ጨቍኖ፡በያዘበት፡ባ 19 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፥ቋንቋው፡
እንግሊዝኛ፡ባምስቱም፡የብሶች፡ተስፋፍቷል።የብሪታንያ፡ምልክ፡ተቀጽላ፟፡የኾኑት፡የተባበሩት፡ያሜሪካ፡
ኹነቶችም፥ከ 20 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡መባቻ፡ወዲህ፥የብሪታንያን፡ግዛታዊም፡ኾነ፡ወታደራዊ፥ባህላዊም፡ኾነ፡
ጥርየታዊ፡ገናንነት፡ልቀው፡ሲያጠሉበት፥የጋራ፡ቋንቋቸው፡እንግሊዝኛን፡ተራቸውን፡ከመቼውም፡የበለጠ፡በመላ፟፡
ዓለም፡አስፋፍተውታል።ቋንቋው፡በታላቅ፡ክብካቤ፡የተያዘና፡የተኰተኰተ፡መኾኑ፡እጅግ፡ያስመሰግነዋል፤የዓለምን፡
ሕዝቦች፡በማሰ፟ማማቱም፡ታላቅ፡ውለታን፡ውሏል፥ይውላልም።እንግሊዝኛ፥ቃላትን፡ከውጭ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ተውሶ፡
የራሱ፡የማድረግ፡የዳበረ፡ልማድ፡ስላለው፥ዘሩ፡እጅግ፡በዝቷል።ይው፡ዘረ፡ብዙነቱ፡ግን፥እንግሊዝኛን፡
ለብሔራዊ፡ቋንቋነት፡የማያሳጨው፡አንድ፡የማይታለፍ፡መሠረታዊ፡ሕጸጽ፡ኾኖበታል።የቃላቱ፡ዘር፡ወይም፡ከየት-
መጣ፡ውጥንቅጥ፡ነው፤ቃላቱ፡ቢያንስ፡ካ 10፡ከ 20፡የተለያዩ፡አባት፡ቋንቋዎች፡ተገኝተዋል፡(Celtic፣Irish፣
Icelandic፣Indo-European፣Germanic፣Old English፣Old፡Norse፣Old፡Saxon፣Dutch፣Gothic፣
Latin፣Old፡French፣French፣Greek፣German፣Hebrew፣Arabic፣Spanish፣ወዘተ.)።በዚህ፡
ምክንያት፥እያንዳንዱ፡ቃል፡ያዘለውን፡ምስጢር፡ለማግኘት፥የቃሉን፡ከየት-መጣ፡መርምሮና፡ተፈላስፎ፡ካልኾነ፡
በቀር፥በቀጥታ፡አይሞከርም።ለምሳሌ፥አንድ፡የሒሳብ፡አረፍተ፡ነገርን፡በእንግሊዝኛ፡ጠቅሰን፥የቃላቱን፡ዘር፡
እንመርምር፦

"the whole equals the sum of its parts"

(ቤት) the whole equals sum of its parts

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
1) thy hal aequalis somme æf hit part
(Old English) (Old English) (Latin) (French) (Old English) (Old English) (French)
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
16
2) sa ... ... summus abh hi- pars
(Germanic) (Latin) (Germanic) (Germanic) (Latin)
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
3) ... holos አከለ ... ... ... ...
(Greek) (ግእዝ/ዐማርኛ)
↑ ↑
? ኵል/ዅል ፈርጽ/ፈርጥ17
(ግእዝ/ዐማርኛ) ፋሬስ/ፍራ፟ሽ
(ግእዝ/ዐማርኛ)

13 አዳም፣ስሙ፥"አደመ"፣ደም፡መሰለ፣ቀላ፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፡ይወጣል።
14 ሔዋንም፣ሕያዋንም፥"ሔወ/ሐይወ"፣ሕያው፡ኾነ፣ዳነ፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፡ይገኛሉ።"ሔዋን"ም፡ሕያውት፣የሕያዋን፡
እናት፡ማለት፡ነው።
15 ባቢሎን፥"ባበለ"፣ተቀላቀለ፣ተዘባረቀ፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፡ይወጣል።
16 "summus"፡ድምር፡ማለት፡የኾነውን፡ያኽል፥ምጡቅ፣ጫፍ፣ዕንብር፡ማለትም፡ነው፤ለ"ሰማይ"፡ጎር፡ይመስላል።
17 "ፈ"፡እና፡"ፐ"፡ይወራረሳሉ፡(ም.፥"ፋርስ"፥"Persia•Perse"፤"ፍልስጥኤም"፥"Palestine")።
ክ.3.20030827 13 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የአረፍተ፡ነገሩ፡7፡ቃላት፥እያንዳንዳቸው፥ቢያንስ፡ቢያንስ፡ከሦስትና፡ካራት፡ልዩ፡ልዩ፡ቋንቋዎች፡
ወርደዋል።ምርምሩን፡ጠለቅ፡ብናደርገውማ፥ምናልባት፡ካምስት፡ከስድስትም፡ከዚያም፡በላይ፡ይኾናል።

ይንኑ፡አረፍተ፡ነገር፦

"ዅሉ፡የክፍሎቹን፡ድምር፡ያክላል"18

ብለን፡ወዳማርኛ፡ብንመልሰው፡ደግሞ፥

(ቤት) ዅሉ የክፍሎቹን ድምር ያክላል

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
1 ኵሉ፡(ከለለ) ክፍል፡(ከፈለ) ድምር፡(ደመረ) አከለ

(ግእዝ) (ግእዝ) (ግእዝ) (ግእዝ)

አራቱም፡ቃላት፡ለግእዝ፡ቤተኛዎች፡ናቸው፤ዝምድናቸው፡አንድ፡ቤት፡ነው።የየቃሉን፡ሙሉ፡ምስጢር፥ከነሙሉ፡
ትርጓሜው፣ከነሙሉ፡ድንጋጌው፥ከዚያው፡ከግእዝ፡እናገኘዋለን፤ሌላ፡ፍልስፍና፡አያሻውም።

በዚህ፡ኹኔታው፥የእንግሊዝኛ፡መግነንና፡ዋነኛው፡የሥጋዊ፡ጥናትና፡የምርምር፡ቋንቋ፡መኾን፥ከብሪታንያ፡
ምልክ፥እንዲሁም፡ከተባበሩት፡ያሜሪካ፡ኹነቶች፡መግነን፡ጋራ፡በመያያዙ፡እንጂ፥በቋንቋው፡ሥረ፡ወጥነት፡
አለመኾኑ፥ዉሎ፡ዐድሮ፥የተገቢነቱን፡ጥያቄ፡ማስነሣቱ፡አይቀርም።በእውን፡እንደሚታየው፥አጥኚዎች፡ለምርምር፡
የሚገለገሉባቸው፡በተለይ፡የእንግሊዝኛ፡ቃላት፥የተውሶ፡ቃላት፡በመኾናቸው፡ትርጕማቸው፡እያሻማ፥በየጥናት፡
መስኩ፡እሚረታ፡ሐሳብ፡ላይ፡መድረስ፡ፈጽሞ፡አቅቷል፤ወደ፡ኹለትና፡ሦስት፣ከዚያም፡ወደበዛ፡ያስተያየትና፡
የፍልስፍና፡አግጣጫ፡እመከ፟ፋፈል፡ተደርሷል።የ"ሶሲዮሎጂ"ና፣የ"ኤከኖሚክስ"፡ብቻ፡ሳይኾን፥"ኤግዛክት፡ሳይንስዝ"፡
የተባሉት፡የ"ፊዚክስ"፣ወዘተ.፡ምርምሮችም፡እንኳ፥በየራሳቸው፥በ"ኦብጀክቲቪዝም"ና፡
በ"ሳብጀክቲቪዝም"፣በ"ዲተርሚኒዝም"ና፡በ"ኢንዲተርሚኒዝም"፡ተፃራሪ፡የምርምር፡አግጣጫዎች፥እንደማይታረቁ፡
እየኾኑ፡ተዘርዝረው፡ተለያይተዋል።

ለምሳሌ፥ባገዛዙ፡(በ"ፖለቲካው")፡መስክ፥በዘመናችን፥ዐያሌ፡የግዛት፡ቡድኖች፥የግዛት፡ኅልያቸውን፡
("አይዲዮሎጂያቸውን")፥የግራውን፡"ፖፕዩለር፡ዲሞክራሲ"፡ወይም፡"ሬቮሉሽነሪ፡ዴሞክራሲ"፣የቀኙን፡"ሊቤራል፡
ዲሞክራሲ"፣መኻል፡ሰፋሪውን፡"ሶሻል፡ዲሞክራሲ"፡ወዘተ.፡እያሉ፡ሚናቸውን፡ለያይተው፡ተከፋፍለው፥አንደኛው፡
በሌላው፡አንጻር፡ቆሟል።ዅሉም፡ያቺን፡ብሔራዊት፡ሥልጣኔ፡ይሻሉ፥ነገር፡ግን፥ያ፡"ዲሞክራሲ19"፡የሚሉት፡
ከጽርእ፡ቋንቋ፡የተዋሱት፡ጥምር፡ቃል፡ያዘለውን፡ምስጢር፡እያንዳንዱ፡እንዳስተያየቱ፣እንደመሰለው፡
እየተረጐመ፥የስያስ20፡ወገኑን፡ለይቶ፡ይፋለምበታል፡እንጂ፥ካስተያየት፡በላይ፡እኾነች፡እርትዕ፡ላይ፡ደርሶ፡ርስ፡
በርሱ፡አይስማማበትም።ለምሳሌ፥"ክራሲያ"፡የሚለው፡የጽርዕ፡ቃል፥"ኀይል"ም፡"ሥልጣን"ም፡ተብሎ፡
ይተረጐማል፤ነገር፡ግን፥በግእዝም፡ኾነ፡ባማርኛ፥ኀይልና፡ሥልጣን፡ፈጽመው፡የተለያዩ፡ናቸው።ኀይል21፡
ጕልበትን፡ያመለክታል፡("የጦር፡ኀይል"፣"የኤሌትሪክ፡ኀይል"፡እንዲሉ)፤ለደግም፡ለክፉም፡ይውላል።ሥልጣን22፡
ግን፡መሠ፟የምንና፡ተገቢነትን፡ያመለክታል፡(የመንግሥት፡ሥልጣን፣የክህነት፡ሥልጣን፣የዳኝነት፡ሥልጣን፡
እንዲሉ)፤የሚውለውም፡ለደግ፡ብቻ፡ነው።አንድ፡የተደራጀ፡ቡድን፥ሕዝብ፡ሠይሞት፡መንግሥታዊ፡ኀይልን፡
ሲይዝ፥ሥልጣንን፡ከሕዝብ፡ተሠይሟልና፥ባለሥልጣን፡ኾኗል፤መንግሥቱም፡ተገቢ፡ኾኗል፤በመንግሥት፡ኀይል፡
የሚሠ፟ራ፟ው፡ዅሉ፥በሥልጣን፡የተሠራ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ተገቢነት፡ይኖረዋል።አፍራሻውን፥አንድ፡የተደራጀ፡
ቡድን፥ሕዝብ፡ሳይሾመው፡መንግሥታዊ፡ኀይልን፡በእጀ፡መናኛ፡ቢይዝ፥ምንም፡ኀይል፡ቢኖረው፥ሥልጣንን፡
ከሕዝብ፡አልተሠየመውምና፡"ባለሥልጣን"፡አልኾነም፥ሊባልም፡አይገባውም፤የመንግሥትነትን፡ተገቢነት፡
አላገኘም።ነገር፡ግን፥በእጀ፡መናኛም፡ቢኾን፥መንግሥታዊ፡ኀይልን፡ጨብጧልና፥በመንግሥት፡ኀይል፡(በጦር፡
ሰራዊቱ፣በጸጥታው፣በፍርድ፡ቤቱ፥ወዘተ.)፡የሚሠ፟ራው
፟ ፡ዅሉ፥አለሥልጣን፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ተገቢነት፡
የለውም፤ውንብድና፡ነው።በድፍኑ፡"ዲሞክራሲ፣ዲሞክራሲ"፡ማለቱ፡አይበቃም፤"ክራሲያ"፡ይህን፡የኀይልንና፡
የሥልጣንን፡መሠረታዊ፡ልዩነት፡ስለማይገልጥ፥ብዙዎችን፡ለስሕተት፡ዳርጓል።ይህን፡የመሰለ፡ስሕተት፡በልዩ፡ልዩ፡
ረገድ፡ይታያል።ምሁርነትን፡በተለይ፡በፈረንጅ፡ትምህርት፡ያገኙ፡የዘመኑ፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ምሁራን፥"ነገርን፡ቃል፡
በቃል፡ከእንግሊዝኛ፡እየተረጐሙ፡ይሳሳታሉ"፡የሚል፡ወቀሳ፡ቀርቦባቸዋል።ለምሳሌ፥በፈረንጅኛ፡"to take
power•prendre le pouvoir"፡ቢል፥ቃል፡በቃል፡"ሥልጣንን፡መያዝ"፡ብለው፡ይተረጕሙታል።እላይ፡
እንዳየነው፥ሥልጣን፡በመሾ፟ም፡የሚገኝ፡ረቂቅ፡ጸጋ፡እንጂ፥እንደ፡ማንኛውም፡ተጨባጭ፡ነገር፡ነጥቀው፡

18 "አከለ"፡ጨመረ፡ማለትም፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥"ዅሉ፡ክፍሎቹን፡ያክላል"፡ቢባልም፡ይቻላል።
19 "ዴሞስ"፣ሕዝብ፥"ክራሲያ"፣ኀይል፣ሥልጣን።
20 ወይም፡በፈረንጅኛ፡"policy•politique"።
21 በፈረንጅኛ፡"power•pouvoir"።
22 በፈረንጅኛ፡"authority•autorité"።
ክ.3.20030827 14 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የሚወስዱት፡አይደለም።ኀይል፡ግን፡አዎ! ሊነጠቅና፡በእጀ፡መናኛ፡ሊያ፟ዝ፡ይችላል።ለምሳሌ፥የሐኪምነት፡
ሥልጣን፡ሳይኖርው፥አንድ፡ሰው፡ከመሬት፡ተነሥቶ፡ሌላን፡ላክም፡ቢል፥ሥልጣኑ፡የለውምና፥አይገ፟ባውም፤ነገር፡
ግን፥ሐኪም፡በሚያክምበት፡ኀይል፡ዅሉ፡(በዕውቀቱ፣በመድኀኒቱ፣በመሣሪያው፣በሐኪም፡ቤቱ)፡በድፍረት፡ወይ፡
በጕልበት፡ሊያዝ፟በ፟ት፡ይችላል።በነዚህ፡ዅሉ፡ኹኔታዎች፥በሥልጣን፡ሊሠ፟ራ፟በ፟ት፡የሚገባውን፡ኀይል፥ሥልጣን፡
የሌለው፡ወገን፡"ኀይልን፡በእጀ፡መናኛ፡ያዘ"፡ቢባል፡እንጂ፥"ሥልጣንን፡ያዘ"፡ማለት፡ፍጹም፡ስሕተት፡
ይኾናል።ስሕተቱ፡የመጣው፡እንግዲህ፥ነገርን፡በቋንቋችን፡በግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ተርጕመን፡ከማሰብ፡ይልቅ፥በቀጥታ፡
በፈረንጅኛው፡በማሰባችን፡ነው።ይህን፡የመሳሰሉ፡ዐያሌ፡ማስረጃዎችን፡መጥቀስ፡ይቻላል።

ወረድ፡ብለን፡እንደምናየው፥"ዴሞክራሲ"፡ላልነው፡ቃልም፥ከ"ዴሞክራሲ"፡ይልቅ፥"ሥልጡንሕዝብና"፡
የሚለውን፡ቃል፥ምስጢርን፡ጠንቅቆና፡አሟልቶ፡ይገልጻል፡ሲሉ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሊቃውንት፡አመልክተውልናል23።

የቃላትን፡ምስጢር፡ካለመለየት፡በሚነሣ፡ያስተያየት፡መከ፟ፋፈል፥ከፋፋይ፡ዲያብሎስ፡ያጠፋበት፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡
እንጂ፥የሰው፡ልጅ፡አይጠቀምበትም።ይልቁንም፥የመጠፋፊያው፡ዐቅም፡ፍጹም፡በኾነበት፡በዛሬ፡ዘመን፥ርትዕ፡
ላይ፡ደርሶ፡መስማማቱ፡ለሰው፡ልጆች፡ምንኛ፡ተፈልጓል።ሥጋዊው፡ከመንፈሳዊው፣መንፈሳዊው፡ከሥጋዊው፡
ባግጣጫ፡ተለያይተው፣በጥቅም፡ተፃረ፟ው፡የሚከንፉበት፡አካኼድ፡ፈጽሞ፡እንደማያዛልቅ፡20 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡
በሚያሠጋ፡ኹኔታ፡ስላመለከተው፥ከንግዲህ፥የሰው፡ልጅ፡መንፈሳዊውንና፡ሥጋዊውን፡አዋሕዶ፡ለሚተኵርበትና፡
ለሚያስተውልበት፥ርትዕንም፡ለሚቀበልበት፡ልቡናው፥ሙሉና፡ሥረ፡ወጥ፡ብሔራዊ፡ቋንቋን፡ሊሻለትና፡
ሊይዝለት፥በርሱም፡አማካይነት፡ሊድን፡እውኑ፡ራሱ፡እያደር፡ያስገድደዋል፥ይመራዋል።

አውሮፓውያን፡መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡በካቶሊካዊት፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡አማካይነት፡ሲያገኙ፥እስካ 16 ኛው፡ምእት፡
ዓመት፥በሮማይስጥ፡ቋንቋ፡ካልኾነ፡በቀር፥በሚገባቸው፡በየራሳቸው፡ቋንቋ፡ሊተረጕሙት፡አልተፈቀደላቸውም፡
ነበር።ካ 16 ኛው፡እስካ 17 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፥ዐያሌ፡ክርስቲያን፡ሊቃውንት፡ተነሥተው፥መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡
ወደየቋንቋቸው፡ቢተረጕሙ፥"በትርጕም፡ጕድለት፡ምክንያት፥ሃይማኖት፡እንዳይለወጥ፣እንዳይለያይ"፡በሚል፡
ሥጋት፥ኀይለኛ፡ተቃዉሞ፡ከካቶሊክ፡ቤተ፡ክህነት፡ገጠማቸው።"እንቢ"፡ብለው፡በሥራቸው፡የገፉቱም፡ለእሳትና፡
ለስቅላት፡ተዳርገው፥ሰማዕትነትን፡ተቀብለዋል።በዚሁ፡ዘመን፡በብሪታንያ፡ብቻ፥መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡
ከሱርስት፣ከዕብራይስጥ፣ከጽርእ፣ከሮማይስጥ፡ወደ፡እንግሊዝኛ፡የተረጐሙ፡እንደ፡ዋይክሊፍ24ና፡እንደ፡
ካቨርዴል፣እንደ፡ቲንዴል፡ያሉ፡ሊቃውንት፥እንዲሁም፡የእንግሊዝኛ፡መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡ዐትማችዃል፣ወይ፡
ሸጣችዃል፣ወይም፡አንብባችዃል፡የተባሉ፡ከ 300፡ያላነሱ፡ክርስቲያኖች፡ይው፡የሰማዕትነት፡ዕጣ፡
ደርሷቸዋል፤በጠቅላላው፡አውሮፓም፡እንደዚሁ።በደማቸውና፡በዐጥንታቸው፡ዐመድ፡ላይ፡ሥራቸው፡
ለመለመ፤ከዚያ፡ወዲያ፡ዅሉም፡መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡ወደየቋንቋው፡ተርጕሞ፡ያዘ፤አጠናው፤ተመገበው።

ውጤቱም፡ወዲያው፡ታየ፤ክርስትና፡በመላ፟፡አውሮፓ፡ተስፋፋ፥ተጠናከረ።ኾኖም፥ከመንፈሳዊው፡ጥቅም፡
ይልቅ፥ሥጋዊው፡ጥቅም፡ዐይሎ፥አውሮፓ፡በሥጋዊ፡ጥበብና፡በኪነት፡ሥራ፡የምናውቀውን፡ግንባር፡ቀደምትነት፡
በዓለም፡ደረጃ፡አገኘች።"ከለማበት፡የተጋባበት"፡እንዲሉ፥ክርስትናን፡የምትሰብክ፣የምታስፋፋ፡ኾና፦የኔ፡ዐይነቱ፡
ክርስትና፡ይበልጣል፡በሚል፡ትምክሕት፥ጣዖት፡አምላኪ፡አረመኔውንም፣ቀደምት፡ክርስቲያኑንም፡እኩል፡
አጠምቃለኹ፡አለች።እነዐፄ፡ናኦድ፡የፈሩት፡ስምንተኛው፡ሺሕ25፡በዚያ፡ዘመን፡ዠምሯልና፥በሃይማኖትና፡
በሥልጣኔ፡ስም፡ያፍሪቃና፡የእስያ፣ያሜሪካና፡የዖቄያንያ፡ምዝበራ፡ተካኼደበት።ኢትዮጵያ፡ብቻ፡በሥልጣኔዋ፡
መክታ፥በእግዝእት፡አገርነቷና፡በሐራ፡ሕዝብነቷ፡ስትዘልቅ፥የቀረው፡ዓለም፡በብረት፡በትር፡ተቀጥቅጦ፡
ተገዛ፥ገበረ።

"ዅሉ፡በርሱ፡ኾነ፥ያለርሱ፡ግን፡ምንም፡ምን፡የኾነ፡የለም፥በሰማይም፡ያለ፣በምድርም፡ያለ"26፥የሚለውን፡
መንፈስ፡የምትከተል፡ኢትዮጵያ፥ሃይማኖትን፡ከጥበብ፣ጥበብን፡ከሃይማኖት፡ለይታ፡ስለማታይ27፥ሊቃውንቷ፡
ሃይማኖት፡የሌለበትን፡ጥበብና፡የጅ፡ሥራ፡ከከንቱ፡አለዚያም፡ካሳች፡እየቈጠሩት፥ቁም፡ነገር፡
አላሉትም።ዝንባሌያቸው፡ዅሉ፡ወደ፡መንፈሳዊው፡ጥበብ፣ትጋታቸውም፡ለሚመጣው፡ሕይወትና፡ለነፍሳቸው፡
እየኾነ፥ወደ፡መጻሕፍትና፡ወደ፡ቅኔ፡እንጂ፥ሰው-ሠራሹን፡ኪነት፣ምድራዊውን፡ጥበብ፡
አልፈለጉት፥አልተከተሉትም።ይህም፥በዛሬ፡ዘመን፥ከስንፍና፡ተቈጥሮባቸዋል።እላይ፡እንዳየነው፡
ግን፥ምድራዊውንና፡ሰማያዊውን፡ያላስታረቅ፡አካኼድ፥መጨረሻው፡መለያየት፣መፃረርና፡መጠፋፋት፡ኾኖ፡ስለ፡
ተገኘ፥አኹን፡ላይ፥አፍ፡ሞልቶ፦አባቶቻችን፡አልተሳሳቱም፡ማለቱ፡ተገቢ፡ኾኗል።ከዚህም፡በላይ፥እምነቷና፡
ሥልጣኔዋ፡ይፈቅዱላታልና፥ቋንቋዋና፡ፊደሏ፡ያስችሏታልና፥ኹለቱን፡(ሥጋዊውንና፡መንፈሳዊውን)፡በሚያስታርቅና፡
በሚያዋሕድ፡ዐዲስ፡ስልት፡በየመስኩ፡ተረማምዳ፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ለሰው፡ልጅ፡ዅሉ፡የምታበረክተው፡ገና፡ብዙ፡ሀብት፡

23 ይህን፡ጠለቅ፡ያለ፡ግንዛቤ፥ሊ.ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡ቀደም፡ሲል፡በጉባኤ፡አብራርተውታል።
24 ባ 1374፡ዓ.ም.፡ገደማ፥ዋይክሊፍ፡የተባለው፡እንግሊዛዊ፡ሊቅ፣ከጥቂት፡ረዳቶቹ፡ጋራ፥የካቶሊክ፡ቤተ፡ክህነትን፡ክልክል፡
ተራምዶ፥መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስን፡ከሮማይስጥ፡ወደ፡እንግሊዝኛ፡ተረጐመ።አራት፡ዓመት፡በዃላም፡ሞቶ፡ተቀበረ።ሥራውን፡
የወደዱ፡ብዙዎች፡በእንግሊዝም፣ባውሮፓም፡ስለ፡ተነሡ፥መሰቅጠጫና፡መቀጣጫ፡ይኾንባቸው፡ዘንድ፥ባ 1420፡
ዓ.ም.፥በካቶሊክ፡ቤተ፡ክህነት፡ትእዛዝ፥ዐፅሙ፡ወጥቶ፡ተቃጠለ።
25 1500፡ዓ.ም.፥7000፡ዓመተ፡ዓለም።
26 በ 318፡ዓ.ም.፥በኒቅያ፡ጉባኤ፡318 ቱ፡ሊቃውንተ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡የወሰኑት፡የሃይማኖት፡ጸሎት።
27 ሞገስ፡ዕቁበ፡እግዚእ፡(ሊቀ፡መዘምራን)፥መጽሐፈ፡ሥነ፡ፍጥረት፥ንግድ፡ማተሚያ፡ድርጅት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1987፡ዓ.ም.።
ክ.3.20030827 15 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ይኖራል፡የሚለውን፡የቀደመ፡እምነት፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡እንመካበታለን።ስንመካበት፡ግን፥ዛሬ፣በሥጋ፡ዐይን፡
ሲታይ፡ነገሩ፡የት፡እየለሌ፡መምሰሉን፡አላጣነውም።አያምጣውና፥የተፈራው፡ጥፋት፡ሲመጣና፡ሌላ፡መድኀኒት፡
ሲታጣ፡ግን፥ያን፡ጊዜ፡ምናልባት፡...።ጥፋቱ፥ዘር፡ሳይል፣ሃይማኖት፡ሳይል፥በዓለሙ፡ዅሉ፡ላይ፡የመጣ፡ስለ፡
ኾነ፥ቁም፡ነገሩ፥ከጥፋት፡በፊት፡መዳኛን፡ማግኘቱና፡መያዙ፡ነው።የመዳን፡መብቱንና፡ግዴታውን፡ደግሞ፡
ማንም፡ቢኾን፡ለማንም፡አሳልፎ፡አይሰጥ።

የሰው፡ልጅን፡መድረሻ፡ዓላማ፡እስካለተፃረረ፡ድረስ፥በመሠረቱ፥የጥበብና፡የኪነት፡እድገት፡የማይገታና፡
ሊገታም፡የማይገባው፡ደገ፟ኛ፡ኺደት፡ነው።እግዚአብሔር፡ምድርንና፡ጠፈሯን፥በጠቅላላው፥ብሔርን፡ለሰው፡
ልጅ፡"ግዛ፥ንዳ"፡ብሎ፡ሲሰጠው፥የሰው፡ልጅ፥ዐብረው፡በተሰጡት፡የፈጣሪነትና፡የገዢነት፡ጸጋዎቹ፥ሥነ፡
ፍጥረትን፡መርምሮ፣ብሔሩን፡ቃኝቶና፡አልምቶ፡ሊያድርበትና፡ሊባዛበት፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡ይታመናል።የጥበብና፡የኪነት፡
እድገትም፡ቢኾን፥ገና፡"ሀ"፡ተብሎ፡ተዠመረ፡እንጂ፥መች፡ተፈጸመና፧የሚመጣው፡እድገት፥እስካኹን፡
የታየውን፡ገና፡ሳያስንቀው፡ይቀራልን፧

ይህ፡ዛሬ፡እስዉራን፡ዓለማውያን፡ኀይሎች፡ቍጥጥር፡ሥር፡ወድቆ፡ለክፉና፡ለተሳሳተ፡ዓላማቸው፡
በመዋሉ፥ዓለምን፡ሊያጠፋ፡የተቃረበ፡ጥበብና፡ኪነት፥ተመልሶ፡ለሰው፡ልጅ፡በጎና፡ለሰው፡ልጅ፡በጎ፡ብቻ፡
የሚውልበትን፡እምነትና፡አገባብ፥ወይም፡ባንድ፡ቃል፡"ሥልጣኔ"28፥የሰው፡ልጅ፡ራሱ፡ወዶ፡ፈቅዶ፡በእግዚእናው፡
ሊያጸድቀውና፡በርሱም፡ሊያድር፡ይገባዋል፤ሥልጣኔው፡በዚህ፡ችሎታው፡ልክ፡ይለካል።ይህን፡ባይፈጽም፡
ግን፥ሥልጣኔ፡የሚሉት፡አካቴውን፡ዕል፟ም፡ድርግም፡ብሎ፡እንደሚጠፋ፡ምልክቶች፡ዅሉ፡ጠቍመዋል።

ምድራዊውን፡ከሰማያዊው፡ያስታረቀ፥"የመድረሻው፡ሥልጣኔ"፡ሲሉ፥ሊቃውንት፡አባቶቻችን፡የጠሩት፡ጥንታዊና፡
ብሔራዊ፡ሥልጣኔ፥ሥልጡንሕዝብና29፡(ወይም፡ሥልጡንሕዝብነት)፥የመነገሪያውም፣የመጥቀሚያውም፡ጊዜና፡
ኹኔታ፥እንሆ፥ገጥሟል።ሊ.ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፥የኢትዮጵያን፡ሥልጣኔ፣ሥልጡንሕዝብናን፡እንዲህ፡ሲሉ፡
አጠቃለው፡ያብራሩታል፦

በተመጠነ፡አነጋገር፥ሥልጡንሕዝብና፦የብጤን፡መብትና፡ነጻነት፡በማክበር፡ውዴታ፥የራስን፡
መብትና፡ነጻነት፡በብጤ፡አስከብሮ፡መኖር፡ነው።ከዚህም፡የመብትና፡ግዴታ፡ተመዛዛኝነት፡
የሚገኘው፡ባሕርያዊው፥ብሔራዊ30፣ተወናፋይ፡የመነሻ፡ሥልጣኔ፥ወይም፡
ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥በኹለት፡ፊት፡ገደብ፡እታፈፈ፡ዛኅን፡ላይ፡የሰፈነ፡ርትዐት፥ወይም፡በፍትሕ፡
የሚሠራ፣የሚያበጅና፡የሚያለማ፡የርትዕ፡ኀይል፡ነው።በተለይም፥ከጐን፡የብጤን፡መብትና፡
ነጻነት፥ከላይ፡የእግዚአብሔርን፡ዳኝነት፥ከታችም፡የሕግን፡ገዥነት፡በማክበር፥የራስን፡አስከብሮ፡
ከመኖር፡የሚገኘው፡ኢትዮጵያዊው፣ባሕርያዊው፣ተወናፋይ፡የመድረሻ፡ሥልጣኔ፡ወይም፡
ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥ባራት፡በኩል፡ተመዛዝኖ፡በረጋ፥ባራት፡በኩል፡ተመጣጥኖ፡በታፈፈ፡ዛኅን፡
ላይ፡ያረፈ፡ሰላም፥ወይም፡ከማጥፋት፡የሚከለክል፣ከጥፋት፡የሚያድን፣ከውድቀት፡የሚያስነሣ፡
ችሎት፡ነው።

"የኔ፡ጥቅም፡ይቅደም"፤ወይም፡"የኔ፡ጥቅም፡ብቻ፡ይፈጸም"፡የሚለው፡ለራሴ፡ባይነት፤ወይም፡
ደግሞ፡"የኔ፡ይቅደም፥የሌላው፡ይውደም"፤"የኔ፡እንዲፋፋ፡የሌላው፡ይጥፋ"፡የሚለው፡egoism፡
ግን፥ገና፡በመነሻው፥ያንዱን፡ፊት፡ገደብ፡ያፈረሰ፥የብጤን፡መብትና፡ነጻነት፡
የሚቀንስ፥ጨርሶም፡የሚደመስስና፥የራስ፡ነጻነትና፡መብት፡መገኛ፡የሚኾነውን፡ተመዛዛኝነት፡
ተመልሶ፡የሚያፈርስ፤መደምደሚያውን፥የዅሉን፡ሰላም፡የሚነሣ፣የሚያደፈርስ፣የሚያጠፋ፡
ስእነት31፡ነው።

ሰላምን፡የሚነሣው፣የሚያፈርሰው፣የሚያጠፋው፡ስእነት፥እጅግ፡የሚያርዕድ፣የሚያንቀጠቅጥ፡
እቀት፡ሲኾን፤ማፍረሻ፣መደምሰሻ፡ጠባዩን፥በሌላ፡አነጋገር፥ውንብድናውን፡በባሕርዩ፡የያዘ፡
ስለ፡ኾነ፥ራሱን፡በራሱ፡ማፍረሱና፡ማጥፋቱ፥ወይም፡ሚዛኑን፡በገዛ፡እጁ፡ደፍቶ፡መውደቁና፡
መንኰትኰቱ፡የማይቀርለት፡ዕዳው፡ነው።

የሚሠራው፣የሚያበጀውና፡የሚያለማው፡ርትዐት፡ግን፥በዚያው፡አንጻር፥እጅግ፡
የሚያስተማምን፣የሚያበረድድና፡የሚያዠግን፡ችሎት፡ነው።ችሎትም፥ስእነትን፡
ስለሚደመስስ፥ከቶ፡ጥፋት፡አያገኘውም።32

28 "ሥልጣኔ"፡የሚለው፡ቃል፡(ጥሬ፡ዘር)፡"ሠለጠ"፡(ሠለጠነ)፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፡ይወጣል፤"ሠለጠ"፡ወይም፡
ባማርኛ፡"ሠለጠነ"፡ማለትም፡ሥልጣንን፡ተሠየመ፥እግዚእናን፡አገኘ፥ጌተየ፥መብቱን፡ዐወቀ፥የብጤውን፡መብት፡
በማክበር፡የራሱን፡መብት፡አስከበረ፥ሥልጡን፡ኾነ፡ማለት፡ነው።ሥልጣኔ፡እንግዲህ፥በመሠረቱ፥የርትዕ፡አክብሮት፡
ወንፈል፡ነው።ሥልጣንም፡ከባለቤቱ፡የሚሠየሙት፥ለሥልጣኔ፡(ማለት፥ለበጎ፡ብቻ)፡እንጂ፡ለክፉ፡የማይውል፡ጸጋ፡ነው።
29 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.ዤኔራል)፥ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥ለንደን፥ጥቅምት፡1983-1989፡ዓ.ም.።
30 የመላ፟፡ዓለም።
31 ስእነት፤ስኡንነት፥እቀት፥አለመቻል።
32 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.ዤኔራል)፥ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥3 ኛ፡ዓመት፥ቍ.005፥ታኅሣሥ፡1985፡ዓ.ም.።
ክ.3.20030827 16 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ከኢንተርኔት፡ጋራ፡የዩኒኮድ፡አንድ-ወጥ፡አቀማመር፡መገኘት፥የሰዎችን፡ብቻ፡ሳይኾን፥የሥልጣኔዎችንም፡
ርስ፡በርስ፡መወያየትና፡ርስ፡በርስ፡መረታታት፡ስለሚያስችል፥ምናልባት፥ለሰው፡ልጅ፡አበሳ፡ማብረሻውን፡
ያስገኝለት፡ይኾን፧

ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥በመጻፊያ፡ሥርዐትነቱ፥መሣሪያ፡የኾነለት፡ጕዳይ፥የተራራ፡ያኽል፡
የራቀ፣የመጠቀ፥የዳበረ፣የከበረ፥የኢትዮጵያና፡የሥልጣኔዋ፡ጕዳይ፡ነው።በዚህ፡ረገድ፥ባኹኑ፡ወቅት፡
ኢትዮጵያዊውን፡የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ባልተስተካከለ፣ባልረጋ፡መሠረት፡ላይ፡አወላክፎ፡ለማነጽ፡የሚደረገው፡
ያልተመጣጠነ፡ስውር፡ጦርነት፥ይህ፥እላይ፡በምኞት፡በጠቀስኹት፡በሥልጣኔዎች፡ሱታፌ፡ፈንታ፥የሥልጣኔዎችን፡
ጦርነት፡የሚያመለክት፡ኾኗል።አንድ-ወጡ፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፥በየነገዱ፡የተለያየ፡ድምፅ፡እንዲኖረው፡
የምዕራባውያን፡ጫና፡አስገድዷል።ይህም፡ብቻ፡አይደለም፤ሕዝብ፡ሳይጠይቅ፥ሮማይስጥ፡("ቁቤ")፡ፊደል፡
በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ፈንታ፥ለኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፡በግድ፡እንዲውል፡ተደርጓል።

የተወሰኑ፡ምዕራባውያን፡ኀይሎች፥አህጉራዊ፡ርትዕን፡ተራምደው፣ጥሰው፥በቀጥታም፡ኾነ፡
በተዘዋዋሪ፥በእግዝእት፡ኢትዮጵያና፡በሕዝቧ፡ላይ፡በጣልቃ-ገብነት፡የሚፈጽሙት፡ይህ፡ዅሉና፡እዚህ፡
የማንዘረዝረው፡ከዚህ፡የከፋ፡ሌላም፡የተቀነባበረ፡ግፍ፥ከሰባ፡ዓመት፡በፊት፥ለኹለተኛው፡የዓለም፡ጦርነት፡
ምክንያት፡ከኾነው፣ፋሺስት፡ኢጣልያ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ላይ፡ከፈጸመችው፡ግፍ፡በባሕርዩ፡ስለማይለይ – ለግፍ፡ጸሎት፡
አያሻውምና – ዛሬም፥አህጉራዊ፡መዘዙ፡በባሕርዩ፡የተለየ፡አይኾንም።እነዚህ፡ምዕራባውያን፡ኀይሎች፥ከዚህ፡
የጥፋት፡መንገድ፡እስካልተመለሱ፥አህጉራዊ፡ርትዕን፡ጥሰው፡ያንዲት፡እግዝእት፡አገርን፡የመኖር፡መብት፡
እስከረመረሙ፡ድረስ፥ሊሠሩት፡የሚነሡለት፡አንዳችም፡ሥራ፥ምን፡ደገ፟ኛ፡ቢኾን፥ከንግዲህ፡በጎ፡ፍጻሜን፡
ያገኛል፡ማለት፡"አይመሽም፥አይነጋም"፡ነው፤የተፈጥሮ፡ሕግ፡አይፈቅደው፥የሥልጣኔ፡አገባብ፡አይቀበለው፥
እግዚአብሔርም፡አይባርከው።

ከስሕተት፡መማርና፡ከጥፋት፡መመ፟ለስ፥ስግብግብነትን፡ንቆ፡ራስን፡መግዛትም፡የታላቅነት፣የሥልጡንነት፡
ምልክቶች፥የሰላምም፡ዋስትናዎች፡ናቸው።አፍራሻውን፥"ምን፡ልታደርጉ፡ትችላላችኹ፧" በሚል፡ዕብሪት፡
የሚፈጸም፡ግፍ፡ዅሉ፥ፈጻሚውን፡መልሶ፡የሚጐዳ፡ጡር፡መኾኑን፡የሰነበተ፡ዅሉ፡ያረጋግጠዋል።

እስካኹን፡ያየነው፡የሥልጣኔው፡ጦርነት፡አንዱ፡ገጽ፡ነው።ጦርነቱም፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ብቻ፡አልተወሰነ፤መላ፟፡
ዓለምን፡አስጨንቆ፡ይዟል።"ግሎባሊዜሽን"፡የሚል፡ስም፡ሰጥተውታል፤"ጥብላሌ"፡ወይም፡"አጠቃለል"፡ብንለው፡
እንችላለን።ለመኾኑ፥ማን፡ይኾን፡አጠቃላዩ፥ማንስ፡ይኾን፡ተጠቃላዩ፧

ባንድ፡ወገን፥"መላ፟፡ዓለምን፡ጠቅሎ፟፡መግዛት"ን፡መድረሻ፡ዓላማው፡ያደረገ፥በጕልበቱ፡የተመካ፥በጥበቡ፡
የተማመነ፥በዚህች፡ዓለም፡የከተመ፥ከሥልጣኔው፡ይልቅ፡ስግብግብነቱ፡ያየለበት፥"ዅሉን፡ለኔ፣ለኔ፡ብቻ"፡ያለ፡
ዓለማዊ፡ኀይል፤በሌላው፡ወገን፡ደግሞ፥"እግዚአብሔር፡በፈጠረልኝ፡ዓለም፣በሰጠኝ፡አገር፥በርትዕ፡ዳኝነት፡
33
እግዚእናዬ ፡ተከብሮልኝ፥በነጻነት፣በሰላም፡የመኖር፡የተቀደሰ፡መብቴን፡አላስደፍርም"፡ያለ፡"አልቀማም፡ባይ፡
ታጋይ፣አልሞት፡ባይ፡ተጋዳይ"፡የሥልጣኔ፡ኀይል፥እኒህ፡ኹለቱ፡መንፈሳዊም፡ሥጋዊም፡ግብግብ፡ገጥመዋል።

ቻይና፥ከፈቃዷ፡ውጪ፥ምዕራባውያን፡ወደፈቀ፟ዳቸው፡ስበው፡የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐቷን፡አሰናክለው፡
ቢቀይዱባት፥ባላት፡ሥጋዊ፡ዐቅም፡መክታ፥ለጊዜው፡መል፟ሳቸው፥ከሞላ፟፡ጐደ፟ል፥የፈቀ፟ደችውን፡ሥርዐቷን፡
ይዛለች።ኢትዮጵያ፥ባኹኑ፡አቋሟ፥የምትመክትበት፡ሥጋዊ፡ዐቅም፡ቢኖራትም፡ቅሉ፥ባለመታደል፥የኔ፡
የምትለው፥የፈቃዷን፡የሚፈጽምላት፡ተገቢ፡መንግሥት፡የላትም።ነገር፡ግን፥በረዥም፡ዘመን፡ታሪኳ፡እንደታየው፡
ዅሉ፥መቼም፡ቢኾን፡በሥጋዊ፡ዐቅም፡ተመክታ፡አታውቅም።

በህልውናዋ፡ሲመጡባት፥መከታዋ፥በመዠመሪያም፡በመጨረሻም፥በእግዚአብሔር፡
በሚመካ፣በሥልጡንሕዝብና፡ርትዕ፡በጸና፡ሥልጣኔዋ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥የብጤዎቿን፡መብት፡የምታከብር፡ሥልጡን፡
ኢትዮጵያ፦የኔንም፡መብት፡አክብሩልኝ፡ስትል፥ታስጠነቅቃለች፤የሥልጣኔዋ፣የሥልጡንሕዝብናዋ፡የማይሻር፡
መሠረትም፣የድኅነት፡ኀይልም፡ይህ፡ነውና።

ወሌ፡ነጋ

መጋቢት፡2000 - ሚያዝያ፡2003፡ዓ.ም.።

33 "እግዚእና"፥ቃል፡በቃል፡"ገዢነት"፡ማለት፡ነው፤በፈረንጅኛ፡"sovereignty•souveraineté"፡ተብሎ፡
ይተረጐማል።በእግዚእና፡ፈንታ፡"ሉዓላዊነት"፡የሚለው፡ቃል፥አለትርጕሙና፡አለቦታው፡በዘመናችን፡ሲነገር፡
ይሰማል።የገዢነትን፡ጥያቄ፡በሉዓላዊነት፡(በበላይነት)፡ጥያቄ፡እየተኩ፥ለኢትዮጵያ፡የግዛት፡ችግር፡እስከዛሬ፡መፍትሔ፡
ባይገኝለት፣አይደንቅም።እንግሊዝ፡ሲተርት፥"if you can't name it, you can't claim it"፡ይላል።እንዲሁም፡"የሕግ፡
የበላይነት"፡ሲሉ፡እንሰማለን፤"ማን፡የሠራውን፡ሕግ"፡ሲሏቸው፡ግን፡መልስ፡የላቸውም።ሕግን፥በተለይም፡ሕገ፡
መንግሥትን፡ተገቢ፡የሚያሠኘውና፡የበላይ፡የሚያደርገው፡በሕዝብ፡እግዚእና፡(በሕዝብ፡ገዢነት)፡መሠ፟ራቱ፡ብቻ፡
ነው።በሕዝብ፡እግዚእና፡የተሠራ፡ሕገ፡መንግሥት፡ወይም፡ክዋኔ፥የሕዝብ፡ነው፤ለሕዝብ፡ነው፤የበላይ፡ነው፤ዅሉን፡
ይገዛል፤ዅሉም፡ይገ፟ዛ፟ለ፟ታል፤ዅሉም፡ይገዛበታል።በርሱም፡መሠረት፡የሚሠ፟ራ፟፡ዅሉ፥ምርጫም፡ኾነ፡ምን፥ተገቢ፡
ይኾናል።አፍራሻውን፥ተገቢ፡ሕገ፡መንግሥት፡በሌለበት፡ኹኔታ፡የሚፈጸም፡ምርጫም፡ኾነ፡ምን፥"እንዳየን፡ጤፍ፡አጋየን"፡
ነው፤ፋይዳ፡አይኖረውም።
ክ.3.20030827 17 ዋዜማ፡2003
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Preface Préface

"O! Melody of Angels I heard in Heaven" "Ô! Mélodie des Anges que j'entendis au Ciel"
Saint Yared Saint Yared

Some seventy years ago, during the invasion of Il y a de cela près de soixante-dix ans, à
Ethiopia by fascist Italian forces, two l'époque où l'Éthiopie était victime de l'invasion
Ethiopians, one the well known and quick- fasciste italienne, deux Éthiopiens, le Negadras
witted man of arts Negadras Tesemma 'sheté, Tesemma 'sheté, grand homme de lettres et
the other a young compatriot, were strolling d'esprit, et un jeune compatriote, prenaient l'air
along in a promenade, when the young man en se promenant, quand soudain le jeune homme
candidly asked: "Negadras, when do you think demanda candidement : "Negadras, quand
we Ethiopians will catch-up with the Ferendjs pensez-vous que nous Éthiopiens rattraperons
(Europeans)?" With the sharpness he was known les Ferendjs (Européens)?" Avec la subtilité qu'on
for, the Negadras instantaneously replied: "Us lui connaît, le Negadras Tesemma lui répondit de
in our forward journey, the Europeans in their manière quasi-instantanée : "Nous, à l'allée, les
return journey, we shall meet somewhere in Européens sur le chemin du retour, nous nous
the middle." rencontrerons quelque part à mi-chemin."
Some seventy years later, at the dawn of the Soixante-dix ans plus tard, à l'aube du 21ème
21st century, it seems that, Ethiopians, siècle, il semble que les Éthiopiens, les
Europeans, and indeed Humanity as a whole, Européens ainsi que l'Humanité entière se soient
have finally met in the middle of our journey, finalement rencontrés au milieu de notre
somewhere called "Internet", by means of parcours, quelque part appelé "Internet", par le
"Unicode". biais de "Unicode".
After two to three thousand years of sound Après deux ou trois millénaires de philosophie
philosophy, three to four hundred years of saine, trois ou quatre siècles de recherches
methodical research and creative applications, méthodiques et d'applications créatrices, la
Western Civilisation, armed and equipped with Civilisation occidentale, armée de son savoir
modern Science and Technology, is exploring scientifique, et équipée de sa technologie
the deepest reaches of Nature, to reap and moderne, explore les profondeurs de la Nature,
exploit the endless supply of intellectual and pour en extraire et exploiter le flot intarissable
material riches that Nature has to offer. de richesses intellectuelles et matérielles que la
The Computer and Internet are the Nature ne cesse de fournir.
quintessential symbols of Western Civilisation. L'informatique et Internet sont la quintessence
They are the emblems of the final destination même de la Civilisation occidentale. Ce sont les
of an arduous journey, philosophers like emblèmes de la destination finale d'un parcours
Aristotle, scientists like Newton and Descartes, ardu que des philosophes comme Aristote, des
innumerable scholars, undertook during the past scientifiques comme Descartes et Newton,
centuries, in the pitch of darkness, proceeding d'innombrables savants ont aidé, au cours des
with Logic as their guide, and Science as their siècles, à entreprendre dans l'obscurité de la
rectifier. nuit, procédant avec la Logique comme guide, et
It is a source of immense joy to see that the la Science comme rectificateur.
words and the letters used in realising these C'est une source de joie immense que de voir
jewels of Western Technology, share their que les mots et les lettres utilisés dans la
origins with our own G'z and Amharic réalisation de ces joyaux de la Technologie
(Ethiopian) languages and Ethiopian alphabet!34 occidentale partagent leurs origines avec nos
Starting from A till Z, we find (and experts langues éthiopiennes, le g'z et l'amharique, et
agree) that these Western (Greek and Latin) notre écriture éthiopienne!38 Commençons par les
characters have their source in the original lettres, de A à Z, et nous découvrons qu'elles
scripts (of which Ethiopic is the most ancient ont leurs origines dans l'écriture éthiopienne, car
surviving representative) that have given rise elle est la plus ancienne survivante des écritures
to the Greek, the Latin, the Cyrillic and the mères qui ont donné naissance aux écritures
Oriental (Indian and related) scripts among latines, cyrilliques, indiennes, etc. (voir
others (see Appendix 1, p78). l'appendice 1, p78).
ክ.3.20030827 18 ዋዜማ፡2003
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We move on to the words they constitute (see Passons aux mots que ces lettres constituent
Appendix 2, p79): we may start from electron, (voir l' appendice 2, p79) : on peut commencer par
on through to meter and kilometre, until we électron, puis passer par mètre et kilomètre, et
reach technique, we find these words to have arriver à technique, pour découvrir que ces mots
35
but G'z roots . If we are able to witness this ont des racines g'z39. Si l'on a la chance de
today, it is thanks to the Ethiopian Orthodox témoigner de cela aujourd'hui, c'est grâce à
Tewahdo Church and her Clergy, who have l'Église Orthodoxe Tewahdo d'Éthiopie et son
preserved and kept intact for centuries, both Clergé qui ont su préserver et garder intactes
the languages and their unique script, together pendant des siècles, à la fois ces langues et
with the Ethiopian Civilisation they mediate. cette écriture unique, ainsi que la Civilisation
If the words, in their meanings and their éthiopienne qu'elles véhiculent.
glyphs, having travelled around the World, Si les mots, dans leurs significations comme
finally return to their starting point, dans leurs formes, ayant fait le tour du Monde,
recognisably so, what else have they brought se retrouvent enfin à leur point de départ -où
with them, apart from the ever expanding de plus, ils y sont reconnus et accueillis- mis-
Knowledge, and the artifice of technology, à-part la Connaissance constamment en
however extraordinary these may be? Is it not expansion et l'artifice technologique, aussi
"Global Pollution", "Pandemics" of all sorts, extraordinaires soient-ils, que nous rapportent-
"Genetic Manipulation", "Nano-Technology", ils d'autre? N'est-ce pas la 'pollution mondiale',
"Nuclear Proliferation", "Big Brother", les 'pandémies de toutes sortes', les
"Computer Virus", and all the calamities of the 'manipulations génétiques', la 'nano-technologie',
times? (Not to mention the scourges of la 'prolifération nucléaire', 'Big Brother', les
colonialism, fascism, neo-colonialism and other 'virus informatiques' et autres calamités de ces
totalitarianisms ...) temps? (pour ne pas mentionner les fléaux du
Humanity, by seeking Paradise on Earth, or by colonialisme, du fascisme, du néo-colonialisme
seeking to create it if it cannot find it, will at et autres totalitarismes ...)

34 Some consider the Ethiopian alphabet to be a syllabary rather than an alphabet proper; and past versions
of this manual uncritically accepted that mistaken view. It is now corrected: the name alphabet comes
from the name of the first two letters of the Ethiopian (or more generally Afro-Asiatic) alphabet, i.e.
alf-አ and bét-በ. The distinction of letters of the alphabet into "consonant" and "vowel" is a later
European "dualist" re-interpretation of the nature of the alphabet in contrast to the "one-nature"
original interpretation (a difference of approach which, interestingly, has a parallel in the theological
debate over the Nature of Christ). Both remain alphabets; "Ethiopian" and "European" are sufficient
adjectives to distinguish them further (if that is not enough, well, we could use such qualifiers as
"tewahdo" for the Ethiopian alphabet, and "dual" for the European alphabet!). To "dislodge" the first in
favour of the latter, though, has no justifications at all.
35 Or, more generally, Afro-Asiatic roots (Greek, the ancestor of most European languages, has incorporated
a significant number of Afro-Asiatic root words, be they Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Arabic or G'z) as
well as Cushitic. The spread of the Bible, and its numerous translations from the original Hebrew and
Aramaic, as well as contacts with the Arabo-Islamic world are some of the principal reasons behind these
phenomena.
38 Certains considèrent l'alphabet éthiopien comme étant un syllabaire plutôt qu'un alphabet "à proprement parler";
les précédentes versions de ce manuel avaient repris le terme de syllabaire sans un examen critique préalable.
En effet, le terme de syllabaire ne convient pas, dans la mesure ou le mot "alphabet" lui-même provient des
deux premières lettres alph-አ et bét-በ de l'alphabet éthiopien (ou plus généralement afro-asiatique). La
distinction des lettres en "consonne" et "voyelle" est une distinction ou une ré-interprétation "dualiste"
européenne tardive qui contraste avec l'interprétation originale éthiopienne de l'alphabet comme ayant une seule
nature, (différence d'interprétation qui a son parallèle dans le débat théologique concernant la Nature du
Christ). Par de-là ces différences d'interprétation, tous deux restent des alphabets. On peut, si cela est
nécessaire, les distinguer plus précisément par l'usage des adjectifs "éthiopien" et "européen" (si cela n'est
pas suffisamment précis, on peut tout aussi qualifier de "tewahdo" l'alphabet éthiopien, et de "dualiste"
l'alphabet européen, par exemple!); mais en aucun cas sommes nous justifiés en "délogeant" le premier en
faveur du second.
39 Ou, plus généralement, des racines sémitiques (la langue grecque, considérée comme l'ancêtre de la plupart
des langues européennes, a emprunté aux langues sémitiques comme l'hébreu, le phénicien, l'araméen, l'arabe
et le g'z, une part considérable de son vocabulaire) et couchitiques.
ክ.3.20030827 19 ዋዜማ፡2003
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the end of its search inevitably find, instead, L'Humanité, en recherchant le Paradis sur Terre,
Hell on Earth. ou --faute de l'y avoir trouvé-- en cherchant
Western Civilisation has reached the very end à le créer, finira par découvrir à sa place, et
of its journey: it has reached a point from de manière inéluctable, l'enfer sur Terre.
which only a return journey is possible. The La civilisation occidentale a atteint l'ultime étape
renown British historian, Arnold J. Toynbee de son parcours, le point au-delà duquel seul
expressed this point with these words: "The le chemin du retour est possible. Le visionnaire
greatest challenge and newest frontier of the et homme de haute culture français, André
future can no longer be the physical, they must Malraux, mieux que quiconque, conscient de
become the spiritual one." cette impasse, n'avait-t-il pas averti en disant:
We have reached a dead-end, but we still 'Le 21ème siècle sera spirituel ou ne sera pas."
have the choice: either carry on forward to Nous sommes face à une impasse; mais nous
our loss, or turn back from the brink, and avons toujours le choix: soit foncer tout droit
advance together towards a Universal vers notre perte; soit se détourner du précipice,
Civilisation, whose avenue is a universal pour avancer ensemble vers une Civilisation
language, and whose vehicle is a universal universelle, dont un langage universel est son
alphabet; an ultimate goal and two ultimate avenue, et un alphabet universel son véhicule;
means which only Humanity as a whole is un objectif et deux moyens dont l'Humanité toute
entitled to determine freely. entière est seule en droit de déterminer
The issue here is not that of stopping or even librement.
limiting the progress of Science or Technology; Il ne s'agit aucunement de freiner ni même de
this is neither feasible nor desirable. We are ralentir les progrès de la Science ou de la
merely at the beginning, at the primitive Technologie; cela n'est ni faisable, ni
stages of Science and Technology: the best is souhaitable. Nous ne sommes, en fait, qu'au
yet to come. The critical standard by which tout début, aux stades primaires de la Science
Civilisation shall be judged may well be the et de la Technologie: le meilleur est encore à
capacity for Humanity as a whole to sovereignly venir. L'échelle critique par laquelle sera mesurée
and universally adopt and respect the spiritual la Civilisation pourrait bien être la capacité de
values and the operative principles that will, l'Humanité toute entière, à adopter et respecter,
together, drive these scientific and de manières souveraine et universelle, les
technological progresses for the sole good of valeurs spirituelles et les principes opératoires,
mankind, freed from the manipulative and en vertu desquelles ces progrès scientifiques et
devious contrivances of the obscure powers of technologiques sont réalisés pour le seul bien du
this World. Failure to do so may mean the end genre humain, affranchis des idées manipulatrices
of Civilisation. et déviantes des puissances obscures de ce
By reconciling the earthly with the heavenly, Monde. Tout manquement pourrait signifier la fin
the ancient Civilisation of Ethiopia, or de la Civilisation.
ሥልጡንሕዝብና36 (Slttunhzbnna), has earned from En réconciliant le Terrestre avec le Céleste, la
its own Great Minds the accolade of vieille civilisation éthiopienne, appelée aussi
Civilisation of the Destination. It is time for it ሥልጡንሕዝብና40 (Slttunhzbnna), a reçu de ses plus
to be restated to the Conscience of the World. Grands Esprits l'accolade de Civilisation de la
The advent of Internet and the Unicode Destination. Il est temps qu'elle soit de nouveau
standard, it is hoped, will allow the dialogue of portée à l'attention de la Conscience universelle.
civilisations out of which may arise a solution La venue d'Internet et du standard Unicode a
to the human predicament. Sadly though, the suscité un grand espoir quant à la possibilité
reality of today does not lend to such an d'un dialogue entre civilisations permettant de
optimistic outlook. trouver une issue à la condition humaine. Hélas,
Wazéma System is an instrument in the service la réalité actuelle ne prête guère à un tel
of a major script, the Ethiopic script, vehicle of optimisme.
the Ethiopian Civilisation. As such, it is witness Wazéma Système est un outil au service d'un
to a hidden war being waged around the important système d'écriture, l'écriture

36 Negga Haile Sellassie (Lt. Gen.). "ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሥልጣኔ።", ሥልጡንሕዝብና, London, 1991-1996.

ክ.3.20030827 20 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
establishment of an Ethiopian computer éthiopienne, véhicule de la Civilisation
standard. éthiopienne. De ce fait, il est aussi le témoins
d'une guerre silencieuse menée autour de
The Latin script, as a direct consequence of its
l'élaboration du standard informatique éthiopien.
distinction of the letters of the alphabet into
consonants and vowels, has undergone a L'écriture latine, en divisant les lettres de
centuries old "babelisation" process which has l'alphabet en consonnes et voyelles, a, de ce
given rise to the multitude of variants of fait, subi, durant les siècles passés, un
pronunciations (English, French, German, processus de "babélisation" qui a donné lieu à la
Spanish, Hungarian, etc.). In contrast, the multiplication de variantes de prononciations et
Ethiopian script --which only recognises one d'usage des lettres latines (les variantes
nature in the letters of the Alphabet where française, allemande, anglaise, espagnole,
consonant and vowel are united in the same hongroise, etc.). À l'opposé, l'écriture
letter-- has the enviable characteristics of éthiopienne --qui ne reconnaît qu'une seule
being fundamentally one, but infinitely nature dans les lettres de son alphabet, où
extensible (thus avoiding ambiguity of letters) consonne et voyelle sont unies dans chaque
and uniformly available to all Ethiopian lettre-- a l'enviable caractéristique d'avoir
languages, and indeed, to all languages. We conservé son unité fondamentale, tout en étant
can safely say that, potentially, the Ethiopic infiniment extensible (évitant ainsi les risques
script is to writing systems what Unicode is to d'ambiguïté des lettres) et de servir uniformément
encoding systems. toutes les langues, éthiopiennes ou non, sans
qu'il y ait de variantes de prononciation ni
Today though, this Ethiopian script is being
d'usage. On peut dire que, potentiellement,
forcible altered by Western directives, so that
l'écriture éthiopienne est aux systèmes d'écriture
the diverse Ethiopian languages are deprived of
ce que Unicode est aux systèmes de codage.
the advantages of a common script, and
Sauf que, aujourd'hui, les directives occidentales
communication between them is hampered and
sont en train de changer la donne, de force:
therefore weakened. Beyond alteration, it is
d'une part, en altérant l'écriture éthiopienne afin
being forcibly replaced by the Latin script as
que cette uniformité de service pour toutes les
the writing system of most other Ethiopian
langues et l'avantage qu'elle procure soient
languages, in total absence of any legitimate
neutralisés; et, d'autre part, en imposant
request for this to take place, or any benefit
l'écriture latine pour un nombre croissant de
to be made out of it, from the Ethiopian side.
langues éthiopiennes, sans qu'il y ait eu une
All this, and much worse still, is being inflicted demande légitime en ce sens ou un avantage
upon Ethiopia and her people, directly or quelconque à tirer pour les éthiopiens, bien au
indirectly, by certain Western powers, in contraire.
complete disregard of the principles of
Tout cela, et pire encore, est infligé à
international Right.
l'Éthiopie, directement ou indirectement, par
These acts are no different in substance from certaines puissances occidentales, au mépris des
the fascist aggression of Ethiopia on the eve of principes du Droit international. Ces actes, en
the Second World War, for, those same substance, ne diffèrent guère de l'agression
principles of international Right, guarantors of fasciste dont a été victime l'Éthiopie à la veille
World peace, are once again being trampled. de la seconde guerre mondiale; car ces mêmes
God forbid! the consequences may not be any principes de Droit international, garants de la
different today, if only compounded by the paix dans le monde, sont de nouveau piétinés.
infinitely greater destructive power the World Dans un monde qui s'est, depuis, doté d'une
is presently endowed with. We live in a fool's puissance de destruction infiniment supérieure,
paradise, at the mercy of a historical accident. les conséquences seraient elles différentes cette
fois? Nous vivons dans une fausse sécurité, à
More generally, we are in the midst of a war
la merci d'un accident historique.
of civilisations waged worldwide, not just
against Ethiopia and her Civilisation. Its Plus généralement, nous sommes en plein dans
ultimate objective being an overall World une guerre des civilisations qui est livrée
domination, whereas its ultimate victim can quotidiennement partout dans le Monde, dont
only be Civilisation itself. l'objectif ultime est la domination mondiale, mais
ክ.3.20030827 21 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
Globalisation is what it means; the question is: dont la victime ultime ne sera autre que la
what will globalise what, or who will globalise Civilisation elle-même.
whom? La mondialisation est bien ce qu'elle signifie; la
When faced with existential threats of this question est: qui 'mondialisera' qui? ou, que
nature, Ethiopia, in her long history, has 'mondialisera' quoi?
always referred to her Civilisation or Face à des menaces existentielles de cette
ሥልጡንሕዝብና founded on Right37, and having nature, l'Éthiopie a, chaque fois, montré dans
God at its helm. Respectful of others, Ethiopia son histoire pluri-millénaire, qu'elle se
demands respect in return, as this is the ressourçait dans sa Civilisation ou ሥልጡንሕዝብና,
founding and salutary principle of her fondée sur le Droit41, avec Dieu à son sommet.
Civilisation. Respectueuse des autres, l'Éthiopie exige en
retour le respect qui lui est dû: cela constitue le
principe fondateur et salvateur de sa Civilisation.

Welé Negga
Mars 2008 A.D. - May 2011 A.D. mars 2008 A.D. - mai 2011 A.D.

37 That the word Right (and all its European variants) to which the whole World attaches the greatest
importance, and rightly so, finds its origin in the G'z (Ethiopic) or Amharic root ርትዕ (rt'), is worthy of
note.
40 Negga Haile Sellassie (Lt. Gen.). "ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሥልጣኔ",ሥልጡንሕዝብና, Londres, 1990-1996.
41 Il est intéressant de noter que le mot Droit (di-rect), (dans toutes ses variantes européennes), auquel le
monde entier attache, à juste titre, une importance primordiale, trouve son origine dans la racine g'z et
amharique (ou éthiopienne) ርትዕ (rt').
ክ.3.20030827 22 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

ሊ.፡ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ።
(1910-2000፡ዓ.ም.)

Lt. General Negga Hayle Sllasé42

( 1918-2008 A.D.)

"እንደኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ተጠሪዎች፡አነጋገር፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሥልጣኔ፡[ሥልጡንሕዝብና]፥የራስ፡መብትና፡ግዴታ፡
በብጤ፡እንዲከበር፡በሚወደደው፡መጠን፥የብጤን፡መብትና፡ግዴታ፡በማክበር፡የመኖር፡ሥርዐት፡ወይም፡
ባህል፡ነው።

ይኸውም፥በባሕርይዋ፡ባላት፡ሥሉስ፡ክሂል፥

• የራሷ፡ገዥ፡አንዲቱ፡እግዝእት፡ራሷ፥

• የራሷ፡ተገዥ፡አንዲቱ፡ዜጋ፡ራሷ፥

• የኹለቱም፡ግብር፡መገናኛ፥የምርታቸው፡ተረካቢ፡አንዲቱ፡ባዕልት፡(ባልተቤት)፡ራሷ፡

ኾና፥በውጭ፡ከብጤዎቿ፡አህጉራት፡ጋራ፡በእኩል፡ኹነትነት፣በእኩል፡እግዝእትነትና፡በእኩል፡ሐርነት፡
የሚያኖራት፤

እውስጧም፥እያንዳንዱን፡ተወላጇን፡በባሕርዩ፡ባለለት፡ያው፡ሥሉስ፡ክሂል፥

• የራሱ፡አዛዥ፡አንድያው፡ጌታ፡ራሱ፥

• የራሱ፡ታዛዥ፡አንድያው፡አሽከር፡ራሱ፥

• የኹለቱም፡ግብር፡መገናኛ፥ውጤታቸው፡የሚገባለት፡አንዱ፡ባዕል፡(ባለቤት)፡ራሱ፡

በእኩል፡እግዚእና፣በእኩል፡ዜግነትና፡በእኩል፡ሐርነት፡እንዲኖር፡የሚያደርግላት፡ባሕርያዊ፡ደገ፟ኛ፡አገባብ፡ስለ፡
ኾነ፥ከቶ፡እሱ፡ሊነካባት፡አትወድም።ቢነካባት፡ግን፥እንዳነካኩ፡ዐይነትና፡መጠን፡ህልውናዋ፡
ስለሚነካ፥ደኅንነቱን፡ትጠብቅ፡ዘንድ፥ባላት፡ክሂል፡ነኪውን፡ልትከለክል፡ትገደዳለች።ይህም፡
ሲጨመር፥መጨረሻውን፥ሥልጣኔዋ፡ለዚህ፡ታዳጊ፡ባህሏ፡ጽናት፡መሠ፟ዋትንም፡ይጨምራል።" 43

ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ።

42 Lt. General Negga Haile Sellassie.

43 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔ.)፤ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሥልጣኔ።ሥልጡንሕዝብና፥ቍ.004፥ሐምሌ፡1984፡ዓ.ም.።
ክ.3.20030827 23 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

መግቢያ
ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ለሕዝብ፡አገልግሎት፡ይፋ፡በወጣ፡በ 7 ኛ፡ዓመቱ፡(ሐምሌ፡1999፡ዓ.ም.)፥
ማይክሮሶፍት፥በታሪኩ፡ለመዠመሪያ፡ጊዜ፥የኢትዮጵያን፡ፊደሎች፡ያከለ፡"ኒያላ"፡የተሠኘውን፡ቅርጸቱን፡ባዲሱ፡
በ"ዊንዶውዝ፡ቪስታ"፡ምግባሩ፥በ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡ላገልግሎት፡አብቅቷል።

Unicode፥ትንሽ፣ትልቅ፡ሳይል፥በዓለም፡ላይ፡አሉ፡የሚባሉትን፡የጽሕፈት፡ሥርዐቶች፡ወይም፡
ጻሕፎች፥(ለምሳሌ፥የሮማይስጥ፣የዐረብ፣የዕብራይስጥ፣የጽርዕ፣የመስኮብና፡የመኻል፡
አውሮፓ፣የቻይና፣የህንድ፣የጃፓን፣የሞንጎሊያ፣የኮሪያ፣የታይላንድ፣ወዘተ.)፡በነቂስ፡የቀመረ፡እንደመኾኑ፡
መጠን፥በሥራ፡ላይ፡መዋሉ፡ለማስሊያ፡ኪነት፡እድገትና፡መስፋፋት፡እጅግ፡ይረዳል፤ለኅርመተ፡ብዙው፡
የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደልም፡ታላቅ፡መፍትሔ፡ይኾናል።የ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡አጠቃላይነት፡ባንድ፡ሰነድና፡ባንድ፡
ቅርጸት፡የዓለምን፡ፊደላት፡በሙሉ፡ለማስፈር፡ስላስቻለ፥ይህ፡ለረዥም፡ዘመን፡ሲታለም፡የኖረ፡
ዐቅም፥እንሆ፥ዛሬ፡እውን፡ኾኖ፥ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ም፡በዚሁ፡ደገ፟ኛ፡ድርስ፡ደንበኞቹን፡ለመጥቀም፥የቀድሞውን፡
44
ጠባቡን፡የ ANSI ፡አቀማመር፡ወደ፡ዃላ፡ትቶ፥ባዲሱ፡የ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ክለሳ፡2.0-
3 ን፡ይፋ፡በማውጣትና፡በነጻ፡በመናኘት፥ከዘመኑ፡ጋራ፡ወደ፡ፊት፡ተረማምዷል።

ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ከመፍቻ-ገበታው፡ጋራ፥ሦስት፡የተለያዩ፡ቅርጸቶችን፡(A0 Desta Unicode ን፡በማተሚያ፡ቤት፡

ፈሊጥ፤A0 Addis Abeba Unicode ን፡በክቡብ፡ፈሊጥ፤A0 Tesfa Unicode ን፡በምእዙን፡ፈሊጥ)፡በነጻ፡
ያበረክታል።

A0 Desta Unicode A0 Addis Abeba Unicode A0 Tesfa Unicode

አበቨገደጀሀወዘዠሐኀ አበቨገደጀሀወዘዠሐኀ አበቨገደጀሀወዘዠሐኀ

ጠጨየከኸለመነኘሠዐፈ ጠጨየከኸለመነኘሠዐፈ ጠጨየከኸለመነኘሠዐፈ
ጸፀቀረሰሸተቸጰፐ ጸፀቀረሰሸተቸጰፐ ጸፀቀረሰሸተቸጰፐ
.፣፧…። ፠።፠፦፤፨ .፣፧…። ፠።፦
፠ ፤፨ .፣፧…።፨፦፤፨

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
!@#$€%^&*()_+{}[],.;'":|\`~ !@#$€%^&*()_+{}[],.;'":|\`~ !@#$€%^&*()_+{}[],.;'":|\`~

ምን፡ዐዲስ፡አለ፟፧
በሚያዝያ፡ወር፡2003፡ዓ.ም.፥ዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ክለሳ፡3.0፡ከግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ክለሳ፡3.0፡ጋራ፡ወጥቷል።

‣ዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ክለሳ፡3.0፡ያደሰው፡ነገር፡በተለይ፡በመፍቻ፡ገበታው፡ረገድ፡ነው፤ይውም፥በሦስቱም፡
ቅርጸቶቹ፡ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡ሲጠቃለሉ፥መምቻቸው፡በመፍቻው፡ገበታ፡አልተሟላም፡ነበር፥እንሆ፥አኹን፡
ተሟልቶ፡ላገልግሎት፡ደርሷል።ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡ሞልተው፡የሚገኙባቸው፡ፊደሎች፡

"ገምል-ገ"፥ገ፡ጉ፡ጊ፡ጋ፡ጌ፡ግ፡ጎ፡ጐ፡ጒ፡ጓ፡ጔ፡ጕ፡

"ኀርም-ኀ"፥............................፡ኈ፡ኊ፡ኋ፡ኌ፡ኍ፡

"ካፍ-ከ"፥..............................፡ኰ፡ኲ፡ኳ፡ኴ፡ኵ፡

"ቆፍ-ቀ"፥..............................፡ቈ፡ቊ፡ቋ፡ቌ፡ቍ፡ብቻ፡ናቸው።

በሌሎቹ፡ፊደሎች፡በ"አ፡በ፡ቨ፡ደ፡ጀ፡ሀ፡..."፡ከራብዕ፡ዲቃሎች፡(፡ቧ፡ቯ፡ዷ፡ጇ፡ሇ፡...)፡
በቀር፥የካዕብ፣የሣልስ፣የኃምስ፣የሳድስ፣የሳብዕ፡ዲቃሎች፡እስካኹን፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡አልታከሉም፡
ነበር።የዚህ፡ምክንያት፥ለግእዝና፡ላማርኛ፥ከተለመዱት፡ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡ሌላ፡ስላላስፈለገ፡
ነው።ኾኖም፥በዘመናችን፡የዓለም፡ቋንቋዎች፡ዅሉ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡መጻ፟ፍ፡ስለሚኖርባቸው፥የኢትዮጵያ፡
ፊደል፡መሟላት፡ግዴታ፡ኾኗል።ዋዜማ፡2002 ፡ክለሳ፡2.2.፡ይንኑ፡ሟሟያ፡በቀዳሚነት፡ማበርከቱ፡
ይታወሳል።ሲያበረክት፡ግን፡ከሚከተሉት፡ሦስት፡ማስጠንቀቂያዎች፡ጋራ፡ነው፤

1 ኛ፤እነዚህ፡ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡አልነበሩም፤ዐዳዲስ፡ናቸው፤

2 ኛ፤ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎቹ፡ዐዳዲስ፡በመኾናቸው፥ባቀማመርም፡ኾነ፡ባቀራረጽ፡በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ቅርጸቶች፡
ብቻ፡እንጂ፡በሌሎች፡ቅርጸቶች፡አይገኙም፤

44 የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡በዩኒኮድ፡መቀ፟መር፥በቀድሞዎቹ፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ክለሳዎች፡የተጻፈው፡ሰነድ፡ዅሉ፡ይቀልጣል፡

ማለት፡አይደለም፤በቀድሞው፡ክለሳዎች፡የተጻፉትን፡ሰነዶች፡ወደ፡Unicode፡አቀማመር፡የሚመልስ፡መግበር፡ተዘጋጅቶ፡እንደ፡
ደረሰ፡ይፋ፡ይወጣል።
ክ.3.20030827 24 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
3 ኛ፤አቀማመራቸውም፡ኾነ፡ቅርጻቸው፥በሀገራዊ፡ሥልጣን፡እስኪወሰንባቸው፡ድረስ፥በሐሳብ፡ወይም፡
በዕቅድ፡ደረጃ፡ቀርበዋል፤ወደ፡ፊትም፡ይሻሻላሉ።

የዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡መጠቃለል፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ሙሉነትንና፡ዘመናዊነትን፡ያስገኛል።ከዓለም፡ቋንቋ፡ዅሉ፡
የሚገኙ፡ቃላትን፡በትኽክለኛ፡ድምፃቸውና፡ባጪሩ፡ለማጻፍ፡ተወዳዳሪ፡አይገኝላቸውም።ለምሳሌ፡
እንግሊዝኛ፡"Twitter"፡ብሎ፡በ 7፡ፊደል፡ያመለከተውን፡ቃል፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፡ወይም፡
በኢትዮጵኛ፥"ትዊተር"፡ብለን፡በ 4፡(-43%)፣ወይም፡"ተር"፡ብለን፡በ 3፡ፊደል፡ብቻ፡(-57%)፡ልንጽፈው፡
እንችላለን።

ከሙሉው፡በጥቂቱ፥ዐዳዲሶቹ፡ፊደሎች፡የሚከተሉት፡ናቸው፤(ድምፃቸውን፡በላዕላይ፡ጻሕፍ፡አመልክተነዋል)፦

 ፡ ፡ ፡ ፡  ፡፡፡፡ ፡፡፡፡፡…

ዝርዝሩን፡ወረድ፡ብለን፡እተቀጥላ፡3፡(ገጽ፡76)፡ላይ፡እናገኘዋለን።

‣ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ክ.2.0፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡ያሳተመችውን፡ዐማርኛ፡መጽሐፍ፡
45
ቅዱስ፥በፊደሉም፡በንባቡም፡ለቅሞ፡በ HTML ና፡በ PDF፡አቀጻጽ፡ቀጽቶና፡አጠናቅሮ፡ማቅረቡ፡ይታወሳል ።

ከዚህ፡ታላቅ፡ግኝት፡ጋራ፥ያለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥ቀደም፡ብሎ፡ከወጣው፡
ካለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡የግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ጋራ፡በዚሁ፡በግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ክ.2.0፡ሙሉውን፡
ተነምሮ፡ቀርቦ፡ነበር።አኹን፡ደግሞ፥በግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡3 ኛ፡ክለሳ፥ካንድ፡ሺሕ፡ያላነሱ፡ተረቶችና፡ምሳሌዎች፡
ታክለውና፡ተሰናድተው፡ቀርበውላችዃል።

እንግዲህ፥ለኢትዮጵያ፡መምህራንና፡ተማሪዎች፡ዅሉ፦ሜዳውም፡ይው! ፈረሱም፡ይው! እንላለን።

የመመሪያው፡አወቃቀር።
የመዠመሪያው፡ምዕራፍ፥ስለ፡ግእዝና፡ስለኢትዮጵያ፡ሀገራዊ፡ልሳን፥ዐማርኛ፥እንዲሁም፡ስለዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡
አገልግሎት፡መነሻና፡መድረሻ፡ጠቅለል፡አድርጎ፡ባጪሩ፡ያስገነዝባል።ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ን፡አኹኑኑ፡መሞከር፡
ይፈልጉ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥የመዠመሪያውን፡ምዕራፍ፡ዘለ፟ው፥በቀጥታ፡ምዕራፍ፡2 ን፡ይመልከቱና፥ምዕራፍ፡1 ን፡ዃላ፡
ይመለሱበታል።
ምዕራፍ፡2፥የዋዜማ፡2003 ን፡ተከላ፡በዝርዝር፡(ለ Windows ና፡ለ Mac OSX)፡ያሳያል፤
ምዕራፍ፡3፥የዋዜማ፡2003 ን፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አመታት፡ስልት፡ተንትኖ፡ያስረዳል፤
ምዕራፍ፡4፥ባላ 12፡ረድፍ፡የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አመታት፡ስልት፡መልመጃን፡ያቀርባል፤
ምዕራፍ፡5፥ከዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ደንበኛዎች፡ለሚቀርቡት፡ተደጋጋሚ፡ጥያቄዎች፡መልሳቸውን፡ይሰጣል፤
ምዕራፍ፡6፥ስለዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ሥርጭት፡ያመለክታል፤
ምዕራፍ፡7፥ስለ፡ዘላቂው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡መሪ፡ሐሳቦች፡ባጪሩ፡ይደመድማል።
መመሪያው፡እንዲሟላ፥
ተቀጥላ፡1፥የዓለም፡ዋና፡ዋና፡ጻሕፎችን፡ዝምድና፡በሠንጠረዥ፡መልክ፡ያሳያል።
ተቀጥላ፡2፥ከግእዝ፣ዐማርኛ፣ዕብራይስጥ፣ዐረብ፣ሱርስት፣ፓንጃቢ፣ጽርእ፣ሮማይስጥ፣እንግሊዝኛና፡ፈረንሳይኛ፡
የተለቀሙ፡ጥቂት፡ተዛማጅ፡ቃላትን፥በሠንጠረዥ፡መልክ፡አነጻጽሮ፡ያሳያል።
ተቀጥላ፡3፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ድምጥ፡በሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡እንዴት፡እንደሚደምጥ፡በሰንጠረዥ፡መልክ፡ያሳያል።
ተቀጥላ፡4፥ፕሮሎግ፡ባማርኛ፡መቀ፟መር፡መቻሉን፡ያስረዳል።
ተቀጥላ፡5፥ዐማርኛና፡ግእዝ፡እንዲሁም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፥ከዋና፡ዋናዎቹ፡የዓለም፡ቋንቋዎችና፡ጻሕፎች፡ጋራ፡
የተነጻጸሩበትን፡ሰንጠረዥና፡መነጻጸሪያ፡አኃዞቻቸውን፡አንድጋ፡ያሳያል።
ተቀጥላ፡6፥ስለግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ፊደልና፡አገባብ፡መጠንቀቅ፡ያመለክታል።
ተቀጥላ፡7፥ስለግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ርባታ፡ባጪሩ፡ይነግራል።
መመሪያው፥በቍርጪኝ፡የስሌት፡ግስ፡ይጠቃለላል።

45 በጊዜ፡ማጠር፡ምክንያት፥የቀኖና፡መጻሕፍት፡የተባሉት፡(ከመጽሐፈ፡ዕዝራ፡ሱቱኤል፡እስከ፡መጽሐፈ፡ሔኖክ፡ያሉት፡263፡
ገጾች)፡ተሰናድተው፡አልደረሱልንም፤እንደእግዚአብሔር፡ፈቃድ፥መጪዎቹ፡ዝግጅቶች፡ያክሏቸዋል፡ብለን፡ተስፋ፡
እናደርጋለን።
ክ.3.20030827 25 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
Introduction Introduction

It is now over nine years since the release of Voilà plus de neuf ans que la première version
version 1.0 of Wazéma System, in July 2000. In de WazémaSystème  a été lancée, en juillet
2007, Microsoft released its first font with 2000. Plus récemment,en 2007, Microsoft a
Ethiopian characters: Nyala; alas, available lancé exclusivement avec son nouveau système
only to those who have acquired its latest d'exploitation, Vista, sa première police de
operating system, Windows Vista. Fear not: caractères ayant des caractères éthiopiens.
Wazéma2003  offers you, free of charge, Rassurez-vous, WazémaSystème  vous offre
three Unicode compatible TrueType fonts (A0 trois polices de caractères gratuitement (A0
Desta Unicode, A0 Addis Abeba Unicode, A0 Desta Unicode, A0 Addis Abeba Unicode, A0
Tesfa Unicode). Tesfa Unicode).

Wazéma2003  is the latest version of Wazéma Wazéma2003  est la dernière version de
System, fully Unicode compatible, and freely WazémaSystème  entièrement compatible avec
available from Internet, @: le standard Unicode, et disponible gratuitement
sur Internet,@:
http://www.gzamargna.net
http://www.gzamargna.net
Its strict adherence to the fundamental rules
of the Ethiopian script, as laid out by our Son adhésion stricte aux règles fondamentales
forefathers, as well as its compatibility with de l'écriture éthiopienne telles que nous les ont
the international standard, the completeness, léguées nos pères anciens, ainsi que sa
speed and ease of use of its keyboard system compatibilité avec le standard international, le
as well as the quality of its fonts, make of caractère complet, la vitesse et le confort de
Wazéma System the ideal tool for Ethiopian son système de clavier, la qualité de ses
computing. polices de caractères, font de Wazéma Système
un outil de choix pour l'informatique éthiopienne.
For those involved in or interested by
Ethiopian computing standardisation, Pour ceux que la standardisation de
Wazéma2003  will provide them with l'informatique éthiopienne intéresse,
features and aspects nowhere else available. Wazéma2003  leur fournira des fonctionnalités
et des aspects nulle part ailleurs disponibles.
To the Ethiopian programmer, there is also a
section on: Prolog Programming in Amharic! Pour le programmeur éthiopien, voici une
Yes, it is possible with SWI-Prolog; Appendix nouvelle sensationnelle: la programmation Prolog
4 is devoted to explaining how this is done. en amharique est désormais possible! Ceci grâce
à SWI-Prolog; toute une section (Appendice 4)
Those wishing to try now Wazéma2003 , may
est consacrée à cela.
do so by skipping the General Presentation, in
chapter 1, and reading chapter 2 which Ceux qui souhaitent essayer tout de suite
explains the installation procedure (for Wazéma Système , peuvent le faire en
Windows and Mac OSX). survolant le chapitre 1 qui est une présentation
générale, pour passer directement au chapitre 2
Chapter 3 explains in great detail the
qui traite la procédure d'installation (pour
Wazéma System  Unicode keyboard typing
Windows et Mac OSX).
method.
Le chapitre 3 explique en détail l'utilisation du
Chapter 4 carries a dozen graded exercises
clavier Unicode de Wazéma2003 .
dealing with all aspects, features and
functionalities of the Wazéma System  Le chapitre 4 contient une douzaine d'exercices
Unicode keyboard and fonts. gradués, adressant chacun des aspects,
caractéristiques et fonctionnalités du clavier et
des polices Wazéma2003 .

Chapter 5 gives brief answers to frequently Le chapitre 5 répond brièvement aux questions
asked questions. fréquemment posées.
ክ.3.20030827 26 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

Chapter 6 covers issues on the world-wide Le chapitre 6 porte sur les questions touchant
availability of Wazéma System . à la distribution de Wazéma Système dans le
monde entier.
The final chapter, chapter 7, deals with the
challenges ahead in the standardisation of Le dernier chapitre, chapitre 7, évoque les
Ethiopian computing. défis auxquels la standardisation informatique
éthiopienne doit faire face.
A series of appendixes give additional
information: Une série d'appendices offrent des informations
supplémentaires:
● Appendix 1 presents, in table form,
some of the principal alphabets of the ● Appendice 1 présente, sous forme de
world, originating from the Ethiopic table, quelques uns des principaux
and Phoenician alphabets; alphabets du monde dérivés de
l'éthiopien et du phénicien;
● Appendix 2 draws a comparative table
of a small sample of kindred G'z, ● Appendice 2 dresse un tableau
Amharic, Hebrew, Arabic, Assyrian, comparatif d'un petit échantillon de mots
Punjabi, Greek, Latin, English and g'z, amhariques, hébreux, arabes,
French words. assyriens, panjabi, grecques, latins,
anglais et français ayant une origine
● Appendix 3 presents a table with
commune.
approximate transliterations of Ethiopic
alphabets into Western alphabets; ● Appendice 3 présente une table
approximative de translittération des
● Appendix 4 gives brief examples of
caractères éthiopiens en caractères
Prolog programming using the Ethiopian
latins;
script;
● Appendice 4 donne de brèves
● Appendix 5 presents a simple but
illustrations de programmation Prolog
interesting comparative study (with no
utilisant le script éthiopien;
scientific pretensions) of the
expressiveness of some languages of ● Appendice 5 présente une simple mais
the World, on the basis of their intéressante étude comparative (sans
respective scripts, with their Ethiopic aucune prétention scientifique) de
transcription serving as a benchmark; l'expressivité des certaines langues du
Monde, sur la base de leur scripts
● Appendix 6 presents briefly the basic
respectifs, avec leur transcription en
principles of Amharic and G'z
écriture éthiopienne servant point de
orthography;
référence.
● Finally, Appendix 7 gives a partial
● Appendice 6 donne une brève
illustration of the powerfully
présentation des principes de base de
generative features of both Amharic
l'orthographie amharique et g'z;
and G'z.
● Enfin, Appendice 7 illustre de manière
The User's Manual concludes with a brief
partielle les aspects puissamment
glossary of computer terms.
génératifs de l'amharique et du g'z.

Un bref glossaire informatique conclut le manuel

d'utilisation.
ክ.3.20030827 27 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

1. ጠቅላላ፡መግለጫ።
"ዐሣ፡ጐርጓሪ፡ዘንዶ፡ሲያወጣ፥
የሰው፡ፈላጊም፡የራሱን፡ሲያጣ፥
ከኹለት፡ዛፍ፡ለወደቀው፥
አላገር፡ቋንቋ፡ማነው፡አንሺው፧"
46
ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ።

1.1 "ላማርኛ፡ግእዝ፡ዳኛ።"
በተፈጥሮ፡የታደለች፡ኢትዮጵያ፥በሃይማኖትና፡በቋንቋ፡የበለጸገች፥በቀለምና፡በባህል፡የዳበረች፥በታሪክና፡በዝና፡
የከበረች፡አገር፡ናት።

ርትዕት፡ሃይማኖቷን፥የተሟላ፡ቋንቋና፡ጻሕፏን፥የዳበረ፡ባህሏን፡እየጣልን፥ያልተገባንን፡የባዕድን፡ወርቅ፡
ስናሳድድ፥እግዚአብሔር፡በታላቅ፡ቸርነቱ፡ያደለንን፡ጸጋ፡እስከ፡መገፈፍ፥ለምለም፡ተፈጥሮ፡እስከ፡መነጠቅ፡
ደርሰን፥እንሆ፡ዛሬ፥ልጆቿ፡ለረኃብና፡ለስደት፡እንደ፡ተጋለጥን፡ዅሉ፥ከኹለት፡ያጣ፡ተናቃላ፡ውዳቂ፡ኾኖ፡
ለሚቀ፟ር፟በትም፡አደጋ፡ተጋልጠናል።አገርን፥ከነሀብቷ፣ከነባህሏ፣ከነእምነቷ፥ዳር፡ድንበሯን፡ጠብቀው፡ያወረሱ፡
ፊተኛዎች፡ትውልዶች፡አርኣያ፡ኾነውት፥የዛሬው፡ትውልድ፥አፍጦ፡የመጣበትን፡የሞት፡አደጋ፡ተጋፍጦ፡
ለማስወገድ፥ከወደቀበት፡አስቀድሞ፡መነሣት፡ይኖርበታል።
47
የኢትዮጵያ፡ጥንታዊ፡ቋንቋ፡ግእዝ ፥ከሴም፡ቋንቋዎች፥ከሱርስት፣ከዕብራይስጥ፣ከዐረብኛ፡ይገጥማል።ባገባቡ፡
ደግሞ፥ከሴም፡ቋንቋዎች፡ዅሉ፡የተሟላው፣የቀናውና፡የቀለጠፈው፡መኾኑን፡የዓለም፡ልሳናውያን፡መስክረዋል።

አኵስም48፡ላይ፡ከግእዝ፡የተወለደው፡ዐማርኛም፥እነዚህን፡የግእዝን፡ጠባዮች፡ከመውረሱ፡ጋራ፥ከኵሻውያን፡
የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፡በመዋሐዱ፥ሀገራዊነትን፡አግኝቶ፥ካሥራ፡አንደኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡አንሥቶ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡
ሀገራዊ፡ልሳን፡ኾኗል።

ታላቁ፡ሊቅ፡አለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፥ስለግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡አንድነት፥በተለይ፡ደግሞ፥አለግእዝ፥ዐማርኛ፡
49
ብቻውን፡ሕይወት፡እንደሌለውና፡እንደማይኖረውም፡ሲያጠይቁ፥የሚከተለውን፡ተቀኝተውልናል ፤

"ቋንቆቻችንም፥ባልና፡ሚስት፥
ርስ፡በርሳቸው፡የሚፋቱት፥
ላይለያዩ፡ተለያይተው፥
ያሟግቱናል፡ኹለት፡መስለው።
ከቶ፡እኛ፡አንችልም፡ልንለያቸው፤
እግዜር፡ነውና፡ያጣመራቸው።
ነፍስና፡ሥጋ፡ከተለያዩ፥
ሕያው፡እንዳይኾን፡የሰው፡ባሕርዩ፥
ያማርኛም፡ቃል፥የግእዝ፡ሥጋ፥
አለግእዝ፡ነፍስ፥ሬሳ፡ባልጋ።
ሬሳውን፡ቃል፡የሚሸከሙ፥
በግእዝ፡ቋንቋ፡ሲፈታ፡ይስሙ።"

ዐዲሱ፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡መርበቢያ፤
http://www.gzamargna.net
50
ላማርኛና፡ለግእዝ፡ትምህርት፡መሠረታውያን፡የኾኑ፡መጻሕፍትን፡በእለቄጥሯዊ ፡አቀጻጽ፡አጠናቅሮ፣አሰናድቶ፡
ይዟል።ከነዚህ፡ውስጥ፡ያለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡ታላቁ፡የግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ይገኝበታል፡
(http://www.gzamargna.net/html/gzMezgebeQalat.html)።ይህ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥በኢትዮጵያ፣በዓለምም፡
ደረጃ፥በጥራቱና፡በሙሉነቱ፡ተወዳዳሪም፣ምትክም፡እስከ፡ዛሬ፡አልተገኘለትም፤ምናልባትም፥ገና፡ለረዥም፡ዘመን፡

46 ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፤መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ።(ገጽ፡186)
47 "ግእዝ፤የቋንቋ፡ስም፥ሴማዊ፥አዳማዊ፡ቋንቋ፤የዕብራይስጥ፡ወንድም፥ከዐረብ፡ከሱርስት፡የሚገጥም።ዘይቤው፥አልፍ፡
እንደ፡ማለት፥አንድ፥መዠመሪያ፤ምስጢሩ፥ጥንታዊ፥አዳማዊ፡ልሳን፡ማለት፡ነው፡(ዘፍ.፡11፥1)።" ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡
ክፍሌ፤መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ።(ገጽ፡294)
48 "አኵስም"፡ቃል፡በቃል፡የኵሽ፡ልጆች፣የኵሻውያን፡ምድር፡ማለት፡ነው።
49 ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡
አበባ፥1948፡ዓ.ም.።(ገጽ፡186)
50 እለቄጥሩ፤የቅጥራን፥ቅጥራናዊ፡ማለት፡ነው፤በፈረንጅኛ፡electron•électron።
እለቄጥሯዊ፡(ወይም፡እለቄጥሩኣዊ)•electronic•électronique።
ክ.3.20030827 28 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
አይገኝለት፡ይኾናል።ብዙዎች፡ምሁራን፡በመዝገበ፡ቃላቱ፡ተምረውበታል፥ሠርተውበታል፤ነገር፡ግን፥በገበያ፡ላይ፡
በሰፊው፡ስላልቀረበ፥አገልግሎቱ፡በዚህ፡ምክንያት፡ተገቷል።
51
እንደ፡መልአከ፡ብርሃን፡አድማሱ፡ጀንበሬ ፥እንደ፡አለቃ፡ዐያሌው፡ታምሩ፡ያሉ፡ታላላቅ፡ሊቃውንት፥ወይም፡
እንደ፡ሊ.፡ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡ያሉ፡ያገር፡አውራዎች፡ካልኾኑ፡በቀር፥የኚህን፡ታላቅ፡ሊቅ፡
መጽሐፋቸውን፡የጠቀሰላቸው፥ሟያቸውን፡የነገረላቸው፥ተጋድሏቸውን፡የዘከረላቸው፥የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡
ትምህርታቸውን፡ያስተጋባላቸው፡ሌላ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ምሁር፡የሚገ፟ባው
፟ ን፡ያኽል፡እስካኹን፡አልታየም፥አልተሰማም።
ከምንም፡ከማንም፡የበለጠ፡ጥቅሙን፡ዐውቀውት፡የሚሠሩበት፡የውጭ፡መርማሪዎችም፡ቢኾኑ፥"ባለቤቱ፡ያቃለለውን፡
ዐሞሌ፡ባለዕዳ፡አይቀበለውም"፡ብለው፡ይመስላል፥ስሙን፡ፈጽመው፡አያነሡትም፥አይጠቅሱትም።ለዅሉ፡ጊዜ፡
አለውና፥ምናልባት፥21 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፥የተረሱት፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ሊቃውንት፡ሥራ፡በሰፊው፡
የሚነዛበትና፥ጥቅሙን፡ለኢትዮጵያ፣ለዓለሙም፡ዅሉ፡የሚሰጥበት፡ዘመን፡ይኾናል።ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ይኸንኑ፡እውን፡
ለማድረግ፡የበኩሉን፡ይሠራል።
52
መዝገበ፡ቃላቱን፡ባ 19 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡የወጠኑት፡ያንኮበሩ፡ሊቅ፥"አራት፡ዐይናው" ፡መምህር፡ክፍለ፡
ጊዮርጊስ፡ናቸው።ኢየሩሳሌም፡ኾነው፥መጽሐፉን፡ሳይፈጽሙት፡ጊዜ፡ሞታቸው፡ቢደርስ፥ለደቀ፡መዝሙራቸው፡
ላለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡ዐደራ፡ብለው፥መርቀው፡ሰጧቸው።ወዲያው፥ብዙ፡ሳይቈዩ፥መምህር፡ክፍሌ፡
ዐርፈው፥እደብረ፡ጽዮን፡ተቀበሩ።

መዝገበ፡ቃላቱ፡በተወጠነበት፡ዘመን፥"ኹለት፡ልደቶች"ና፡"ሦስት፡ልደቶች"፡ተብለው፡የሚታወቁት፡የነገረ፡
መለኮት፡ሊቃውንት፡ወገኖች፥ስለ፡ምስጢረ፡ሥጋዌ፡ሳይስማሙ፡እየቀሩ፡ይከራከሩ፡ነበርና፥ዐልፎ፡ዐልፎ፡
በተወሰኑ፡ቃላት፡ትርጕምም፡ላይ፡ይኸው፡ልዩነት፡ይታያል።
53
ግንቦት፡18፡ቀን፡1870፡ዓ.ም.፥ዐፄ፡ዮሐንስና፡ዐፄ፡ምኒልክ፡እተገኙበት፡የቦሩ፡ሜዳ፡ጉባኤ ፥የኹለት፡ልደት፡
ወይም፡"ካራ"፡ሊቃውንት፡በቀኝ፡ቆመው፥የሦስት፡ልደት፡ወይም፡"ጸጋ"፡ሊቃውንት፡ደግሞ፡በግራ፡
ቆመው፥ኹለቱም፡ወገኖች፡ከተሟገቱ፡በዃላ፥ካራዎች፡ስለ፡ረቱ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡
ክርስቲያን፦ኹለት፡ልደት፡በተዋሕዶ፡ከበረ፡ብላ፥የሦስት፡ልደትን፡ትምህርት፡ከዚያ፡ወዲህ፡አውግዛለች።በዚህ፡
ረገድ፥እጥቂት፡የቃላት፡ትርጕም፡ላይ፡የግእዙ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ያሳሳተው፡ቢኖር፥አንባቢ፡ይኸን፡ያርምበት፡
ዘንድ፥"መዝገበ፡ሃይማኖት"፡የተሠኘው፥ባ 16 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡በግእዝ፡ቋንቋ፡የተደረሰው፡የተዋሕዶ፡
ሃይማኖት፡ድንጋጌ፥ካማርኛ፡ትርጕሙ፡ጋራ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡ባ 1959፡ዓ.ም.፡
54
እንዳሳተመችው፥ዐብሮ፡ተመዝግቦ ፡ይገኛል።

ይህን፡ድንቅ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥ሌሎችንም፡ያለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌን፡የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡መጻሕፍት፡በጥንቃቄ፡
አዘጋጅተው፡ያሳተሙት፡ደቀ፡መዝሙራቸውና፡የመላ፟፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ባለውለታ፥ታላቁ፡ሊቅ፡አለቃ፡ደስታ፡
ተክለ፡ወልድ፡ናቸው።አለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡የደረሷቸውም፡ሌሎች፡መሠረታውያን፡የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡
መማሪያ፡መጻሕፍት፡ዐብረው፡ተከማችተውላችዃል።እንዲሁም፥በቃልም፡በፊደልም፡ተለቅመው፡የታረሙ፥እንደ፡
መዝሙረ፡ዳዊትና፡እንደ፡ውዳሴ፡ማርያም፡ያሉ፡የጸሎትና፡የንባብ፡መጻሕፍት፡ይገኛሉ።ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፥ክለሳ፡
2.0፡ደግሞ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡አሰናድታ፡ባ 1980፡ዓ.ም.፡ያሳተመችውን፡ዐማርኛ፡
መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስ፡በ HTML ና፡በ PDF፡አቀጻጽ፥ፊደል፡ከንባብ፡ለቅሞ፣አጠናቅሮ፡አቅርቧል።ይህም፡ብቻ፡
አይደለም፤ለረዥም፡ዘመን፡ሲጠበቅ፡የነበረው፥ተወዳዳሪ፡የማይገኝለት፡ያለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡ያማርኛ፡
55
መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥ሞላውን፡ተነምሮና፡ተሰናድቶ፥ዐብሮ፡ቀርቧል ።

ዅሉም፡በዅሉ፡ካ 4500፡ገጽ፡ያላነሰ፡የመዘገበው፡ይህ፡የግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡መድበል፥ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛን፡
ለሚማሩ፣ለሚያስተምሩ፥የኢትዮጵያን፡ታሪክ፣ቀለም፣ባህል፣ፍልስፍና፣ሃይማኖት፣ሥልጣኔ፡
ለሚያጠኑ፥ለሚመረምሩና፡ለሚያዳብሩ፡ደራስያን፣መምህራን፣ተማሪዎች፣ባለሟያዎች፣አገር፡አዋዮች፥እንዲሁም፡
የማወቅ፡ፍላጎት፡ላላቸው፡አንባብያን፡ዅሉ፥መጻሕፍቱን፡በቅደም፡ተከተላቸው፡አደራጅቶ፥በነጻ፡
አቅርቦላቸዋል።ሙሉውን፡መድበል፡ከግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡መርበቢያ፡ከ http://www.gzamargna.net፡በነጻ፡
ቀድቶ፥እማስሊያ፡ላይ፡መትከል፡ይቻላል።

በተለይ፡ደግሞ፥ለኢትዮጵያዊው፡የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ድንጋጌም፡ኾነ፥ኢትዮጵያዊ፡መሳ፟ሊያን፡ለሚያበጁ፡የስሌት፡
ባለሟያ፡አስሊዎች፡ዅሉ፥እነዚህ፡መጻሕፍት፡መተኪያና፡ዐቻ፡የማይገኝላቸው፡ስለ፡ኾኑ፥በእለቄጥሯዊ፡አቀጻጽ፡
ባንድ፡ስፍራ፡መከማቸታቸውና፡በነጻ፡መና፟ኘ፟ታቸው፡እጅግ፡ይጠቅማቸዋል፡ብዬ፡አምናለኹ።ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ን፡
ምን፡ያኽል፡እንደ፡ጠቀሙት፡አንባብያን፡ይገምቱታል።

51 አድማሱ፡ጀንበሬ፡(መልአከ፡ብርሃን)፤መጽሐፈ፡ቅኔ።ትንሣኤ፡ዘጉባኤ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥1963፡ዓ.ም.፥(ገጽ፡25-30)።
እንዲሁም፥ኰኵሐ፡ሃይማኖት።ትንሣኤ፡ዘጉባኤ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥1989፡ዓ.ም.፥(ገጽ፡90)።
52 ያራቱም፡ጉባኤያት፥የብሉይ፣የሐዲስ፣የሊቃውንትና፡የመጽሐፈ፡መነኰሳት፡መምህር፥ሊቅ።
53 ገብረ፡ሥላሴ፡እሸቴ፡(ጸሓፌ፡ትእዛዝ)፤ታሪከ፡ዘመን፡ዘዳግማዊ፡ምኒልክ፡ንጉሠ፡ነገሥት፡ዘኢትዮጵያ።አርቲስቲክ፡
ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1959፡ዓ.ም.።(ገጽ፡87-90)
54 http://www.gzamargna.net/html/mezgebeHaymanot.html ን፡ይመለከቷል።

55 http://www.gzamargna.net/html/amargnaMezgebeQalat.html ን፡ይመለከቷል።
ክ.3.20030827 29 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

1.2 ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፥ኢትዮጵኛ።
"ትሰሙኝ፡እንደኾን፥ልንገራችኹ፡እኔ፤
አለቋንቋ፡ትምህርት፥ሥልጣኔ፡ስይጣኔ።"
ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ56።

ግእዝን፡ካማርኛ፡እኩል፡አሟልቶ፡ሊፈታው፡የሚችል፡ሌላ፡ቋንቋ፡የለም፤ዐማርኛ፡ዐይነተኛው፡የግእዝ፡
መፍቻም፡ማስተማሪያ፡ቋንቋም፡ነው፡ሲሉ፡የመላ፟፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ሊቃውንት፡ያምናሉ።በዚህ፡ምክንያት፥ከጥንት፡
ዠምሮ፡በግእዝ፡የተጻፉትን፡ቅዱሳት፡መጻሕፍትም፡ኾነ፥በየዘመኑ፡ሊቃውንቱ፡የሚደርሷቸውን፡የግእዝ፡
ድርሰቶችና፥የሚቀ፟ኟ፟ቸውን፡የግእዝ፡ቅኔዎች፡መምህራኑ፡የሚፈቱበት፥ባንድምታ፡የሚያብራሩበትና፡
የሚያመሰጥሩበት፤ከመላ፟፡ኢትዮጵያም፡የሚመጡ፡ተማሪዎቻቸው፡መንፈሳዊውን፡የቀለም፡ትምህርት፡
የሚቀሥሙበትና፡የሚያራቅቁበት፡የባህል፡ቋንቋቸው፡ዐማርኛ፥ማማረጫ፡የማይገኝለት፡አንድያው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡
ልሳን፡ኾኗል።

የኢትዮጵያ፡መዲና፥ከአኵስም፡ተነሥቶ፡ዐዲስ፡አበባ፡እስኪረጋ፥አንዴ፡ላሊበላ፣አንዴ፡ሐራምባ፥አንዴ፡
አንኮበር፣አንዴ፡ጎንደር፥አንዴ፡መቀሌ፣አንዴ፡እንጦጦ፡እያለ፡ሲዘዋወር፡ቢኖርም፥ዐማርኛ፥በመንግሥት፡
ቋንቋነቱ፥ሀገራዊው፡ጕዳይ፡ዅሉ፡የሚፈጸምበት፥ዐዋጅ፡የሚታወጅበት፥ፍትሐ፡ነገሥት፡ተገልጦ፣ፍርድ፡
የሚታይበትና፡የሚበየንበት፡ቋንቋ፡ኾኖ፡ላንድ፡ሺሕ፡ዘመን፡በማገልገሉ፥እጅግ፡የዳበረ፣የሰበቀለ፥የቀና፣የገራ፡
ቋንቋ፡ለመኾን፡በቅቷል፡ሲሉ፡የቋንቋ፡ጠበብት፡ያስረዳሉ።በዘመናችን፥ከዘጠና፡ሚልዮን፡ያላነሱ፡ተናጋሪዎች፡
ስላሉትም፥በተናጋሪ፡ብዛት፥ዐማርኛ፡ካሥራ፡ዐምስቱ፡አንጋፋ፡የዓለም፡ቋንቋዎች፡አንዱ፡ኾኗል፤በአፍሪቃም፡
ደረጃ፥ከዐረብኛ፡ቀጥሎ፡ተነጋ፟ሪው፡አፍሪቃዊ፡ቋንቋ፡ነው።

ያዲሳባ፣የጎባ፥ያንኮበር፣የጎንደር፥ያኵስም፣የጕርሱም፥ያስመራ፣የቋራ፥የማጂ፣የገርጂ፡
የሳይንት፣ያዲግራት፥የቡልጋ፣የቦንጋ፡ዐማርኛ፡እየተባለ፡የዘዬ፣የዘይቤ፥የቄንጥ፣የፈሊጥ፡ዘርፍ፡ቢወጣለትም፡
ቅሉ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ርስ፡በርሱ፡የሚሰማማበት፥ውሳኔውንም፡ባንድ፡ድምፅ፡የሚያሰማበት፥አንድያ፡ሀገራዊ፡
ልሳኑ፥አገርኛው፡ነው።

"ዐምሐራ"፡ወይም፡"ዐማራ"፡ማለትም፥ባንድ፡ሕገ፡መንግሥት፡(ክዋኔ፡ወይም፡"ዐፄ፡ሥር")፥ባንድ፡የርትዕ፡
መንግሥት፡(ወይም፡የርትዕ፡ኹነት57)፥ባንድ፡ሥልጣን፡ሥር፡የሚተዳደረው፥መንግሥትን፡ዐቅፎ፡የኖረው፥የሿሚ-
ሻሪው፡መላ፟፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡የግብር፡ስሙ፡መኾኑን፡ሊቃውንት፡አባቶቻችን፥ታሪክ፡ዘክረው፥ሥርዐት፡
ጠቅሰው፥ጥልቅ፡ፍልስፍናውን፡አስረግጠው፡ያስረዳሉ58።

"ዐም"፡ሕዝብ፣"ሐራ"፡ነጻ፥በተገናኝ፥"ነጻ፡ሕዝብ"፣እግዚእና፡ያለ፟ው፣"ዜጋ"፣"ተወላጅ"፣"ሀገራዊ"፣"ገዥ"፡
ማለት፡ነው።ዐማራ፡ማለት፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ዜጋ፣ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ተወላጅ፡ማለት፡ነው፤ወይም፡በሌላ፡
አነጋገር፥ገዢውም፡ተገዢውም፡ርሱ፡ራሱ፡የኾነው፡የመላ፟ው፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡መጠሪያ፡እንጂ፥የዘር፥ወይ፡
የነገድ፥ወይም፡የከፊል፡ሕዝብ፡ስም፡አይደለም።ይውም፡ሊታመን፥ዐማራ፡ከኢትዮጵያ፡ውጪ፡ህልውና፡ኖሮት፡
አያውቅም፤የኢትዮጵያ፡ርትዓዊ፡መንግሥት፡ወይም፡ርትዓዊ፡ኹነት59፡ሲሰፋ፣ሲጠብ፥ዐብሮ፡ይሰፋል፣ይጠባል፡
እንጂ።

መንግሥት፡ሲጠብ፥ከሥልጣኑና፡ከግዛቱ፡ውጪ፡በኾኑት፡አካባቢዎች፡ስሙ፡በየዘንዳው፡እንደ፡ምስክር፡እየኾነ፡
ምልክቱን፡ትቷል፤"ደቀ፡ዐምሐራ"፡(ቃል፡በቃል፥"ያማራ፡ልጅ"፥ካስመራ፡ደቡብ)፥"ካራ፡ዐማራ"፡("ያማራ፡
በር"፥ሐረርጌ)፥"ጀበል፡ዐምሐራ"፡("ያማራ፡ተራራ"፥ሐረርጌ)፥"ቱሉ፡ዐማራ"፡("ያማራ፡
ተራራ"፥ወለጋ)፥እንዲሁም፡ከዛሬዪቱ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ውጪ፥እስከ፡ሱዳን፣ጅቡቲ፣ኬንያና፡ሱማልያ60፡ድረስ፡
ይኸው፡ምልክት፡ይገኛል።

56 ፊደልና፡ፊደላዋሪያ፤ገ.21። http://www.gzamargna.net/html/fidelawariya21.html
57 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ርትዓዊ፡ኹነት፤ለንደን፥1986፡ዓ.ም.፤124፡ገጽ።
58 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ሥልጣንና፡ሥልጣኔ፥ፓሪስ፥ሐምሌ፡30፡ቀን፥1986፡ዓ.ም.።(ያልታተመ)
59 "ኹነት"፡የሚለው፡ቃል፡(ሳቢ፡ዘር)፥ግእዝ፡"ከዊን"፡(መኾን)፡ካለው፡አንቀጽ፡ይወጣል፤ ይውም፥የአካል፡
ህላዌ፥በሱታፌና፡በግብር፡የሚቀበሉት፡ስም፡ወይም፡እነት፥"መኾን"፡ማለት፡ነው።(ኪ.ወ.ክ.፥መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፥ገጽ፡
524-6 ን፡ይመለከቷል።) የነገረ፡መለኮት፡አፈታቱን፥ታላቁ፡ሊቅ፡መልአከ፡ብርሃን፡አድማሱ፡ጀንበሬ፦የአካላት፡
ሦስትነትና፡የኩነታት፡ሦስትነት፡አንድ፡አይደለም።አካላት፡መጠቅለልና፡መቀላቀል፡
ሳይኖርባቸው፥በተከፍሎ፣በተፈልጦ፣በፍጹም፡ገጽ፣በፍጹም፡መልክ፡በየራሳቸው፡የቆሙ፡
ሲኾኑ፤ኩነታት፥ተከፍሎ፣ተፈልጦ፡ሳይኖርባቸው፥በተዋሕዶ፣በተጋብኦ፣ባንድነት፥አካላትን፡በህልውና፡ያገናዘቡ፥ባንድ፡
መለኮት፡ያሉ፣የነበሩ፣የሚኖሩ፡ናቸው፥ሲሉ፡ያብራራሉ።(ኰኵሐ፡ሃይማኖት፥ገጽ፡120)
በግዛት፡ትርጓሜውም፥በአዃኙና፡በዃኙ፡ሕዝብ፡ፈቃድ፡የተከወነ፡(የኾነ)፡"መንግሥት"፡ማለት፡
ነው።በፈረንጅኛም፥State•État፥ሮማይስጡ፡"este" (ወይም፡ባማርኛ፥"ኾነ")፡ካለው፡ዘር፡ይወጣል፤ሕገ፡
መንግሥቱም፡"ክዋኔ"፡ይባላል፡(በፈረንጅኛ፡"constitution")።
60 የዛሬዪቱ፡ሱማልያ፡ዋና፡ከተማ፡መቃዲሾ፥"መቅደሱ"፡ትባል፡የነበረችው፡ጥንታዊቷ፡ያፄ፡ዳዊት፡ከተማ፡መኾኗን፡ታሪክ፡
ዐዋቂዎች፡ይተርካሉ፤በርሷም፡በሰቈጥራ፡ደሴትም፡(ህንድ፡ውቂያኖስ፡ውስጥ፥ከሱማልያ፡ዳርቻ፡አንፃር፡የምትገኝ፥አኹን፡
የየመን፡ይዞታ)፡የቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡ፍርስራሽ፡ይገኛል።
ክ.3.20030827 30 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ይህ፡የነጻ፡ሕዝብነት፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡መንፈስ፥እንደብረት፡አሎሎ፡የማይፈነከት፡እየኾነባቸው፥አገባ፟ሪ፡ግፈኛዎች፡
ዅሉ፡ይፈሩታል፥ይጠሉታልም።ደፍሮ፡የመጣበትን፡ዅሉ፡የማታ፡ማታ፡እየዳመጠ፣ድል፡እየመታ፡ዐባሯል፥ወደ፡
ፊትም፡ያባርራል፤ርሱ፡ከራሱ፡ዐልፎ፡የሌላን፡ስለማይመኝ፥እስከዓለም፡ፍጻሜም፡እይሸነፍም።

"የፉክክር፡በረት፡ሳይዘጋ፡ዐደረ"፡የተባለው፡በኢትዮጵያም፡ላይ፡ይደርስባት፡ዘንድ፥ዙሪያዋን፡ያሰፈሰፉ፡አገባ፟ሪ፡
ኀይሎች፥ሕዝቧን፡ርስ፡በርሱ፡አፎካክሮ፥"እኛ/እነሱ"፡በሚል፡ቋንቋ፡አንዱን፡ባንዱ፡ላይ፡በማስነሣት፥አገሪቱን፡
ለማለያየት፡ሲሉ፥የዅሉንም፡ሟያ፡ላንደኛው፡ለይቶ፡በመስጠት፤ያንዱን፡ሟያ፡ደግሞ፥ላልዋለው፡ለሌላው፡
አሳልፎ፡በመስጠት፥በወሬና፡በስብከት፡ዘመቻ፡ብዙ፡ሞክረዋል።

ከብዙው፡ሙከራቸው፡አንዱን፡ለመጥቀስ፡ያኽል፥በተለይ፡ካ 1967፡ዓ.ም.፡አንሥቶ፥በጽሑፍም፡በቃልም፡
ከምዕራቡ፡ዓለም፡የሚነ፟ዛው
፟ ፡ሐሰት፥ለይቶ፡"ትግሬዎች፡ፊደልን፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡አበረከቱ"፥ይላል።

"ትግሬ"፡የሚለው፡ስም፡የመጣው፥በዘጠነኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፥ዮዲት፡("ጕዲት")፡የተባለች፡
ዐመፀኚት፥ክርስትናን፡ከኢትዮጵያ፡ምድር፡ለማጥፋት፡ተነሥታ፥አኵስምን፡ካቃጠለችና፡አርባ፡ዓመት፡ሙሉ፡አገር፡
ካጠፋች፡ወዲህ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡መናገሻ፡ከተማ፡ካኵስም፡ወደ፡ላስታ፥ከዚያም፡ወደ፡ሸዋ፥በጠቅላላው፡ወደ፡
ደቡብ፡በተዛወረበት፡ወቅት፡ነው።ይኸውም፡የኾነው፥ከቀይ፡ባሕር፡ዳርቻ፥የመርከብ፡ንግዳቸውን፡እስከ፡ደቡብ፡
ዐረብና፡እስከ፡ህንድ፡ውቂያኖስ፡ድረስ፡የሚያካኺዱት፡"ትግረ"፡የተሠኙ፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ከበርቴ፡
ነጋዴዎች፥መንግሥት-አልቦ፡እቀረው፡ያኵስም፣የሽሬ፥ያማሴን፣የተንቤን፥ያጋሜ፣የሰራዬ፡ወዘተ.፡ገበሬ፡ዐማራ፡
ሕዝብ፡ላይ፡ሠልጥነውበት፥አገሩን፡በሟያቸው፡"ትግሬ"፡ስላሠኙት፡ነው፡ሲል፡ታሪክ፡መዝግቦታል61።"ትግረ"፡
ማለትም፥"ተገረ"፡(ባማርኛ፥"ኼደ"፥"ነገደ"፥"ተገረ")፡ካለው፡የግእዝ፡ዘር፡የወጣ፡ስም፡ነው፤ዐረብም፥ነጋዴ፡
ሲል፡"‫تجار‬-ቱጃር"፡ይላል፡("ገ"ና፡"ጀ"፡ይወራረሳሉ)።

ዐምሐራ፡ደግሞ፥በሕዝብነት፥በቀዳማዊ፡ዐፄ፡ምኒልክ፡ዘመነ፡መንግሥት፡(ማለት፥ከጌታችን፡መድኀኒታችን፡
ኢየሱስ፡ክርስቶስ፡ልደት፡ዘጠኝ፡መቶ፡ዓመት፡በፊት)፡ኢትዮጵያ፡በርትዕ፡ኹነትነት፡ስትመሠረት፥አኵስም፡ላይ፡
ተወልዷል62፤"ዐምሐራ"፡ማለትም፥እላይ፡እንዳየነው፥ቃል፡በቃል፥"ሐራ፣ነጻ፡ሕዝብ፤ንጉሡን፡የሚሾም፡
የሚሽር፤ባንድ፡ሕገ፡መንግሥት፥ላንድ፡ሥልጣን፡የሚያድር"፡ማለት፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡ታሪኩም፣ቃሉም፣ግብሩም፡
እስከ፡ዘመናችን፡አረጋግጠው፡ያስረዳሉ።እንግዲህ፥ዛሬ፡"ትግራይ"፡የምንለው፡ያስተዳደር፡ክፍል፡ሕዝብም፡ኾነ፡
የመረብ፡ምላሽ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ63፥ጥንትም፣ዛሬም፡ዐማራ፡እንጂ፡ካማራ፡የተለየ፡ህልውና፡የለውም፥ኖሮትም፡
አያውቅ፤ቀደምት፡ዐማራ፡ወይም፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ዜጋ፡ነው።የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደልም፥ጧት፥ገና፡በነዐፄ፡እዛና፡ዘመነ፡
መንግሥት፥(ማለት፥ከዮዲት፡ምዝበራ፡ዐምስት፡መቶ፡ዓመት፡በፊት)፡ከሞላ፟፡ጐደ፟ል፥ዛሬ፡በሚያሳየው፡ቅጹ፡
መላ፟፡ኢትዮጵያን፡ያገለግል፡ነበር።

ትግሬም፡ኾነ፡ጎንደሬ፥ሸዬም፡ኾነ፡ወሎዬ፥ወለጌም፡ኾነ፡ጉራጌ፥ዶርዜም፡ኾነ፡መንዜ፥ቱለማም፡ኾነ፡
ኩናማ፥ኑወርም፡ኾነ፡ዐፈር፥ሐማሴንም፡ኾነ፡ዑጋዴን፥ሱማሌም፡ኾነ፡ወክፈሌ፥ተዋሕዶም64፡ኾነ፡
ማመዶ65፥በጊዜ፡ቅደም፡ተከተል፥ወይም፡ከመኻከለኛው፡መንግሥት፡በመቅረብ፡በመራቅ፡አንዱ፡ካንዱ፡ይለ፟ይ፡
እንጂ፥በህልውናም፣በመብትም፣በዜግነትም፡ዅሉም፡እኩል፡ዐማራ፥እኩል፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ተወላጅ፡ነው።ምን፡
እነዚህ፡ብቻ⁈ ዐረቡስ፣አርመኑስ፥ህንዱስ፣አፍሪቃዊውስ፥ግሪኩስ፣ጣሊያኑስ፥ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ዜጋ፡ከኾነ፥የነጻ፡
ሕዝብነት፡ባህሉንና፡ህልውናውን፡ከተዋሐደው፡ወዲያ፥ዐማራ፡አይደለምን፧ነው፡እንጂ! በየግላችን፡
የምናውቃቸው፣የምናስታውሳቸው፡ብዙዎች፡አሉ፟።

አንዱ፦ከኔ፡ወዲያ፡ዐማራ፡ላሳር፥ብሎ፡ቢወድር፥ሌላው፡ደግሞ፦ዐማራ፧ሲያልፍም፡አይነካኝ! ብሎ፡ቢገደር፡
ቢግደረደር፥ውዴታውም፡እንቢታውም፡ያንኑ፡ዐማራነቱን፥ያንኑ፡ኢትዮጵያዊነቱን፡ይመሰክሩለት፣ያረጋግጡለት፡
እንደ፡ኾነ፡እንጂ፥አያስተባብሉበትም፤ነጻ፡ሕዝብ፡ነው፤አንድ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ነው።

ዋናው፡ቁም፡ነገር፡እዚህ፡ላይ፡ነው።ከፍ፡ብለን፥በቀዳማዊ፡ዐፄ፡ምኒልክ፡ዘመነ፡መንግሥት፥ኢትዮጵያ፡በርትዕ፡
ኹነትነት፡ስትመሠረት፥ዐማራም፥በሕዝብነት፥አኵስም፡ላይ፡ዐብሮ፡ተወለደ፡ብለናል።ዝርዝር፡ውስጥ፡

61 ሰባት፡ቤት፡ወሎ፥ከደቡብ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ተነሥቶ፥ባ 18 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡በደሴ፡ዙሪያ፡
ቢሰፍር፥ያ፥በየክፍሉ፥"ላስታ"፣"ደላንታ"፣"አንጎት"፣"ሣይንት"፣"አምባሰል"፡ወዘተ.፡ይባል፡የነበረው፥ሰባት፡ቤት፡ወሎ፡
ያልደረሰበት፡ሰፊ፡አገር፡ዅሉ፥ከ 20 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡ወዲህ፥በጥቅሉ፡"ወሎ"፡ተብሏል፤በሕዝብነቱ፡
ግን፥ጥንትም፥አኹንም፡ያው፡ዐማራ፡ወይም፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ዜጋ፡ነው።
62 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ሥልጣንና፡ሥልጣኔ፥ፓሪስ፥ሐምሌ፡30፡ቀን፥1986፡ዓ.ም.።(ያልታተመ)
63 ከመረብ፡ምላሽ፡ኢትዮጵያም፡ዐልፎ፥በዛሬዪቱ፡ሱዳን፡ሰሜን፡ምሥራቅ፥አኹን፡ድረስ፡"ማክዳ፟ውያን"፡ተብለው፡የሚጠሩት፡
የማክዳ፡ንግሥተ፡ሳባ፡ዜጎች፡ይንኑ፡ታሪካቸንን፡እስከ፡ዛሬ፡ይተርኩታል።
64 "ዐማራነት፥ተገዝሮ፣ተጠምቆ፣ማተብ፡አስሮ"፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ዐማራ፡ለክርስቲያን፡ሞክሼውም፣ኹለተኛ፡ስሙም፡
ነው።(ደ.ተ.ወ.፥ዐዲስ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃለት፥ገጽ፡937 ን፡ይመለከቷል።) ቅዱስ፡መጽሐፍም፥በ 2 ኛ፡
ቆሮ.3.21፥"የጌታም፡መንፈስ፡ባለበት፡በዚያ፡ሐራነት፡አለ"፡ሲል፥ይህንኑ፡ያረጋግጣል።
65 ሞላውን፡ክርስቲያን፡የነበረው፡ዐማራ፥ከሰባተኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡ወዲህ፥እስልምና፡ወደ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡በሰላም፡ሲገባ፡ጥቂት፡
ተከታይ፡አግኝቶ፥እነዚህ፡ያፈራቸው፡እስላም፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፥"ዐማራ፡ሰለምት"፡ተብለው፡በዚሁ፡ስማቸው፡እስከ፡
ዘመናችን፡ይታወቁበታል።
ክ.3.20030827 31 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ሳንገባ፥ክብረ፡ነገሥት፡የተባለው፡ሀገራዊ፡የታሪክ፡መዝገባችን፡እንደ፡መዘገበው፥ታሪኩ፡ባጪሩ፡እንዲህ፡
ነው።ንግሥተ፡አዜብ፥ማክዳ፟፥ከንጉሥ፡ሰሎሞን፡የወለደችው፡ልጇ፥አቤቶ፡ምኒልክ፥ኢየሩሳሌም፡ድረስ፡
ኼዶ፥አባቱን፡ተሳልሞ፥ለጥቂት፡ዘመንም፡ሲማር፡ከቈየ፡በዃላ፥ወደናቱ፡አገር፡መመለሻው፡በደረሰ፡
ጊዜ፥የንጉሥ፡ሰሎሞን፡የበኵር፡ልጅ፡ነውና፥የእስራኤል፡ታላላቆችም፡ወንዶችና፡ሴቶች፡የበኵር፡ልጆቻቸውን፡
ዐብረው፡ከአቤቶ፡ምኒልክ፡ጋራ፡ወደ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡እንዲሰዱ፡ስለ፡ተወሰነ፥እልፍ፡አእላፍ፡እስራኤላውያን፡
ዐብረውት፡ወደ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ገቡ።ጽላተ፡ሙሴም፡ከነታቦቷ፥በፈቃደ፡እግዚአብሔር፥ዐብራ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡
ገባች።ንግሥት፡ማክዳ፟ም፥ዐልጋዋን፡ለልጇ፡ለምኒልክ፡ስታወርስ፥የኹለት፡ነገሥት፡ልጅ፡መኾኑንና፡
የተከተለውንም፡ዐዲስ፡ሕዝብ፡ብዛት፡አይታ፥ኹለቱን፡አዋሕዶ፡ይገዛ፡ዘንድ፥የዘር፣የሃይማኖት፡ልዩነት፡
ሳይደረግ፥መደባዩም፡ሕዝብ፡መጤውም፡ሕዝብ፡በእኩል፡ዜግነት፥በእኩል፡መብተና፡ነጻነት፥ወይም፡ባንድ፡
ቃል፥በርትዕ፡የሚያድሩበትን፡ሥርዐት፡በሕዝቧ፡ሹማምት፡አስወስና፥ኢትዮጵያ፡በርትዕ፡ኹነትነት፡
ተከወነች፤ከዋኙም፡ሕዝቧ፡"ዐም፡ሐራ"፡ተሠኘ፡ሲሉ፡ታሪክ፡ዐዋቂዎች፡አብራርተው፡ያስረዳሉ66።

ይህ፡ርትዓዊ፡ኹነቷ፡ባጐናጸፋት፡ግዛታዊ፡ርጋታ፣ጥርየታዊ፡ልማትና፡ባህላዊ፡ብስለት፥ዝናዋ፡ዓለምን፡
አዳርሶት፥"የጻድቃን፣የርቱዓን፡አገር"፥"የነጻነት፡ዐምባ"፥"የሥልጣኔ፡እናት"፥ለመባል፡በቃች።ግዛቷ፡እስከ፡
የመንና፡ህንደኬ፣እስከ፡መኻል፡አፍሪቃና፡ግብጽ፡ድረስ፡ተስፋፋ።ከነዚህ፡ዅሉ፡አገሮች፡ረኃብና፡ጦርነት፡
ያሰደዳቸው፡ሕዝቦች፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ገብተው፡ተርፈውባታል።ርሷም፥ዘር፣ሃይማኖት፡ሳትለይ፥"ድኻ፡በቤቱ፡ንጉሥ፡
ነው"፡ብላ፡ባገሬነት፡ዅሉንም፡አስተካክላ፡ሠርታቸዋለች።በነዚህ፡ዅሉ፡አገሮች፡የ"ሐበሾች"፡ጥሩ፡ዝና፡እስከ፡
ዘመናችን፡ገኖ፟፡ይነገራል።የእስልምናው፡ነቢይ፡ሙሐመድ፥በሃይማኖቱ፡ምክንያት፡በራሱ፡ወገኖች፡በመካ፟፡ሰዎች፡
በተወጋ፡ጊዜ፥ሴት፡ልጁን፡ሩቃያ፟ህንና፡ሌሎች፡ወገኖቹን፦ወደ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ሽሹ፡ብሎ፡ሲልካቸው፥የኢትዮጵያ፡
ሕዝብ፡ሥልጡንነት፣የሥርዐታቸውም፡ርቱዕነት፡አስተማምኖት፡ነው።በዚህም፡አልተሳሳተ፤እስልምና፡ከክርስትና፡
ሃይማኖት፡ከመሠረቱ፡የተለየ፡ቢኾንም፥ዐልፎ፡የሌላን፡ሃይማኖት፡መብት፡እስካልተራመደ፡ድረስ፥ማንም፡ቢኾን፡
በሃይማኖቱ፡የማምለክ፡መብት፡አለው፡ብላ፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ተቀብላ፡አስተናግዳቸዋለች፤በብሔሯም፡ላይ፡
ሠርታቸዋለች።

በዘጠነኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፥ዮዲት-"ጕዲት"፡የኢትዮጵያን፡መዲና፥አኵስምን፡መዝብራ፥መላ፟፡አገሪቱን፡ላርባ፡
ዘመን፡ካጠፋች፡ወዲያ፥ብዙ፡ሕዝብ፡ገዢዎቹን፡ተከትሎ፥ወደ፡ደቡብ፡አግጣጫ፡ፈለሰ።ግዛቱም፡ወደ፡ዛጔ፡
ሥርወ፡ነገሥት፡ተላልፎ፥ለሦስት፡መቶ፡ዓመት፡ከባለቃል፡ኪዳኑ፡አጋቦስ67-ወሰሎሞናዊ፡ዘርዐ፡ነገሥት፡ተለይቶ፡
ቈየ።

የዛጔ፡ነገሥታት፥በተለይ፡እንደ፡ቅዱስ፡ላሊበላ፡ያሉት፥ታላላቅ፡መሪዎች፡ነበሩና፥ለኢትዮጵያም፡ለቤተ፡
ክርስቲያኗም፡ዐያሌ፡ሥራን፡አከናውነዋል።ይህ፡ሥራቸው፡ቢያስወድዳቸውም፥የሥልጣን፡ተገቢነት፡
አልነበራቸውምና፥ውሎ፡ዐድሮ፡(ከሦስት፡መቶ፡ዓመት፡በዃላ)፡የይገበኛል፡ጥያቄ፡ተነሣባቸው።"መንግሥት፡
ከነአኵቶ፡ለአበ፡ወደ፡ባለቃል፡ኪዳኑ፡ይኩኖ፡አምላክ፡ትዛወር"፡የሚለው፡ድምፅ፡ዕለት፡ተለት፡ደጋፊ፡እያገኘ፡
ኼደ።

66 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ሥልጣንና፡ሥልጣኔ፥ፓሪስ፥ሐምሌ፡30፡ቀን፥1986፡ዓ.ም.።(ያልታተመ)
67 አጋቦስ፡የመዠመሪያው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ንጉሥ፡ነው።የነገሠውም፥"ልጃገረድ፡የምንገብርለትን፡አርዌ፡(ደራጎን)፡
ብትገድልልን፥ላንተና፡ለልጅ፡ለጆችኽ፡እንገ፟ዛ፟ልኻለን፤አንተም፣ልጆችኽም፥ከፈቃዳችን፡ሳትወጡ፥፡ትገዙናላችኹ"፡ብለው፡
ቃል፡ኪዳን፡በተጋቡት፡መሠረት፥አጋቦስ፡አርዌን፡ገድሎ፡ነግሧል።ማክዳ፟፡ንግሥተ፡ሳባም፡የአጋቦስ፡74 ኛ፡ትውልድ፡ናት፡
ይላሉ።
ክ.3.20030827 32 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

ባ 1518፡ዓ.ም.፥ቫልድዜለር፡የተባለ፡የሆላንድ፡ሰው፡ከነደፈው፡የዓለም፡ቢጋር፥በከፊሉ።

(ምስላቸው፡የሚታየው፥በዘመኑ፡አውሮፓውያን፡Prester John•Prêtre Jean፡ብለው፡በዝና፡የሚተርኩላቸው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ንጉሠ፡ነገሥት፡

ናቸው።ማነኛው፡ንጉሠ፡ነገሥት፡እንደ፡ኾኑ፡ታሪከኛዎች፡ገና፡አልተስማሙበትም፤እንግሊዝ፡"John"፡ያለው፥ፈረንሳይ፡ደግሞ፡"Jean"፡ያለው፡
ያማርኛውን፡"ጃን፡ሆይ"፡ሳይኾን፡አይቀርም፡ሲሉ፡አንዳንዶች፡ጠቍመዋል።"መቅደሰ፡ማርያም"፡ትባል፡የነበረችውን፡የዛሬዪቱን፡
መቃዲሾ፡"Magadasa"፡ብሏታል።)

በ 1262፡ዓ.ም.፥በብፁዕ፡አቡነ፡ተክለ፡ሃይማኖት፡(ዕጨጌ፡ዘደብረ፡ሊባኖስ)፡ትንብልና፥መንግሥት፡ከዛጔው፡ዘርዐ፡
ነገሥት፡ወደ፡ባለቃል፡ኪዳኑ፡አጋቦስ-ወሰሎሞናዊው፡ዘርዐ፡ነገሥት፡አላንዳች፡ደም፡መፋሰስ፡ሲመለስ፥ዐማራ፡
ሣይንት፡(ዐምሐራ፡ሠየምት68)፡ላይ፡በሕዝብ፡ሹማምት፡በተመራ፡ሀገራዊ፡ሸንጎ፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ዐዲሱን፡ሕገ፡
መንግሥቷን፡"ዐፄ፡ሥር"፡አሠኝታ፡ሠርታ፥በርትዕ፡ኹነትነት፡ዳግመኛ፡ተከውና፡ጸንታለች።አንድያ፡ሀገራዊ፡
ሥልጣኗንም፡"ሕዝብ፡አንጋሽ፥መስፍን፡ነጋሽ፥ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡ቀዳሽ"፡ብላ፥ሐጋጊውን፡ሥልጣን፡
ለሕዝብ፥ፈጻሚውን፡ሥልጣን፡ለመስፍን፡(ለንጉሠ፡ነገሥት)፥ፈታሒውን፡ሥልጣን፡ደግሞ፡ለቤተ፡ክህነት69፡
በግብር፡ለይታ፡ሰጥታ፥ባዲስ፡ቃል፡ኪዳን፣በሦስት፡ደንቦች፡አደላድላ፥ግዛቷን፡በሥልጡንሕዝባዊ፡መሠረት፡ላይ፡
ዳግመኛ፡አቁማለች።ዳግመኛም፥ይኸው፡ርትዓዊ፡ኹነቷ፥የነጻነትን፣የሰላምን፣የታላቅነትን፡ታሪካዊ፡ምዕራፍ፡
ከፈተላት።መታበይ፣ከዚያም፡ውድቀት፡እስኪከተል፡ድረስ፥ተድላው፣ደስታው፡በዛላት፤የቅልጣን፡ዘመን፡
ኾነላት።70 ውድቀቱም፡አልቀረ፤በ 1542፡ዓ.ም.፥ግራኝ፡ሙሐመድ፥በዑስማናውያን፡አነሣሽነትና፡ድጋፍ፥ዮዲት፡
ከፈጸመችው፡ጥፋት፡ያላነሰ፡ጥፋት፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ላይ፡ፈጸመ።

ከዚያ፡በፊት፡እንደ፡ዳነችበት፡ዅሉ፥ከግራኝ፡ወረራም፡በዃላ፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ተመልሳ፡በዚሁ፡ሥልጡንሕዝባዊና፡
ርትዓዊ፡ኹነቷ፣በእግዝእት፡ሀገርነቷ፣በነጻ፡ሕዝብነቷ፥ሕገ፡መንግሥቷን፡ራሷ፡ሠርታ፡እየታደሰች፥ተመልሳ፡
ጸንታለች።የቀደሙ፡አባቶች፡ደጋግመው፡እንዳስታወሱን፥እንዲህ፡ያለ፡አጠቃላይ፡ጥፋት፡በታሪኳ፡በደረሰባት፡
ቍጥር፥ወደ፡ጥንተ፡ባሕርይዋ፣ወደ፡ሥልጡንሕዝብናዋ፡እየተመለሰች፥መድኀኒትንም፡እያገኘች፡ከጥፋት፡
ድናበታለች፤ዐዲስ፡ነገር፡አይደለም።

68 "ሠየምት"፡በግእዝ፡ሿሚዎች፡ማለት፡ነው።
69 "ውእቱኒ፡ይኩኖ፡አምላክ፡ተካየደ፡ምስለ፡አቡነ፡ተክለ፡ሃይማኖት፥ወወሀቦ፡ሢሶ፡መንግሥት፥ወእምይእዜ፡ይሠመይ፡ዘመን፡
ዘመነ፡ኪዳን።" (ትርጕም፡"ይኸም፡ይኩኖ፡አምላክ፡ከአቡነ፡ተክለ፡ሃይማኖት፡ጋራ፡ተዋዋለ፤ሢሶ፡መንግሥትንም፡
ሰጣቸው፥ከዚህ፡ጊዜ፡ዠምሮ፡ያለው፡ዘመንም፡የቃል፡ኪዳን፡ዘመን፡ይባላል" )። ብዕለ፡ነገሥት፡ከተሠኘው፡መጽሐፍ፡
የተቀዳ።(ተክለ፡ጻድቅ፡መኵሪያ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ታሪክ፡ከዐፄ፡ይኵኖ፡አምላክ፡እስከ፡ዐፄ፡ልብነ፡ድንግል፤ተስፋ፡ማተሚያ፡
ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1951፡ዓ.ም.።ገጽ፡22-3።)
"...ወበእንተዝ፡ወሀቦሙ፡ለውሉዱ፡አሐደ፡እደ፡እምሠለስቱ፡እድ፡መንግሥተ፡ወምኵናነ፡ወሥልጣነ፡ወሤመ፡እምውሉደ፡
አቡነ፡ተክለ፡ሃይማኖት፡ዕጨጌ፡በኪዳን፡ወመሐላ፥ወእምውሉደ፡አባ፡ኢየሱስ፡ሞአ፡ዐቃቤ፡ሰዓት፡ከመ፡ይኩን፡ሎሙ፡
ርስተ፡ለትውልደ፡ትውልድ።" (ትርጕም፡"ስለዚህ፥ከመንግሥት፥ከግዛትና፡ከሥልጣን፡አንድ፡ሦስተኛውን፡ሰጣቸው፤አቡነ፡
ተክለ፡ሃይማኖትን፡በቃል፡ኪዳንና፡በመሐላ፡ዕጨጌ፡ብሎ፡ሾማቸው።አባ፡ኢየሱስ፡ሞአንም፥ዐቃቤ፡ሰዓት፡ብሎ፡
ለትውልደ፡ትውልድ፡ርስት፡አድርጎላቸው፡ሾማቸው።") ታሪከ፡ነገሥት፡ከተሠኘው፡መጽሐፍ፡የተቀዳ።(ተክለ፡ጻድቅ፡
መኵሪያ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ታሪክ፡ከዐፄ፡ይኵኖ፡አምላክ፡እስከ፡ዐፄ፡ልብነ፡ድንግል፤ተስፋ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1951፡
ዓ.ም.።ገጽ፡22-3።)
70 ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ሥልጣንና፡ሥልጣኔ፥ፓሪስ፥ሐምሌ፡30፡ቀን፥1986፡ዓ.ም.።(ያልታተመ)
ክ.3.20030827 33 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ነቢዩ፡ዳዊት፥መንፈስ፡ቅዱስ፡አናግሮት፦ኢትዮጵያ፡ታበጽሕ፡እደዊሃ፡ኀበ፡እግዚአብሔር71፡ሲል፥ጧት፡
የተነበየላት፡አምላካዊ፡ቃል፡ኪዳን፥እንሆ፥ለሦስት፡ሺሕ፡ዘመን፡ጸንቶ፡ኖሯል፤ወደ፡ፊትም፣እስከ፡ዘመን፡
ፍጻሜም፡ጸንቶ፡ይኖራል።

የኢጣሊያ፡አገባ፟ሪ፡ኀይል፡ቅኝ፡ግዛት፡ሊያደርጋት፡ቢመጣ፥በነጻ፡ሕዝብነት፡መንፈሷ፡ዐድዋ፡ላይ፡ድል፡
አድርጋው፥የቅኝ፡ገዢነትን፡ግብአተ፡መሬት፡ለመቼውም፡ፈጽማበታለች።ያርባ፡ዓመት፡ቂሙን፡ሊወ፟ጣ፟፥ይቀናው፡
መስሎት፥የፋሺዝምን፡ዓላማ፡አንግቦ፡ዳግመኛ፡ቢወራት፥አኹንም፡በዚሁ፡የነጻ፡ሕዝብነት፡መንፈሷ፡ድል፡መታ፟፡
አባራዋለች፤የፋሺዝምንም፡ዜና፡ሞት፡በቀዳሚትነት፡ለዓለሙ፡ዅሉ፡አብሥራበታለች።ቅኝ፡ገዢነትን፡ድል፡
ብታደርግ፥ፋሺዝም፡ተተካ፤ፋሺዝምንም፡ድል፡ብታደርግ፥"ኔዎኮሎኒያሊዝም"/ተሐድሶ፡ቅኝ፡ገዢነት፡
ተደርቦ፣ተሰውሮ፡መጣባት።

አባቶቻችንና፡እናቶቻችን፥ወንድሞቻችንና፡እኅቶቻችን፥ላለፉት፡70፡ዓመታት፡"ተሐድሶ፡ቅኝ፡ገዢነት"ን፡
በያግጣጫው፣በየግንባሩ፡ሲታገሉ፡የከፈሉትን፡መሥዋዕትነት፡ከእግዚአብሔር፡በቀር፡ማንም፡አያውቀውም።ታሪኩ፡
አልተጻፈም።ስለ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡አቋማቸው፥በእጅ፡አዙር፥በግዞት፣በክስ፣በእስርና፡በስደት፡የተንገላቱት፤በጥይት፡
የተቈሉት፤ከርስታቸው፡የተነቀሉት፤በ"ሐኪም"፡መርዝ፡ያለቁት፡የቀድሞ፡ዐርበኛዎችና፡መኳንንት፤በተሐድሶ፡ቅኝ፡
ገዦች፡ምንዳቤ፡የተመነደቡትና፡የተንጨበረሩት፡ያንድነት፡ወገኖች፤ጉም፡በሚያስጨብጥ፡"አይዲዮሎጂ"፡ተታለው፡
የጠፉት፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ወጣቶች፤በርባና፡ቢስ፡የመገ፟ንጠል፡ፍልሚያ፡ወንድማማቾች፣እኅትማማቾች፡ርስ፡በርሳቸው፡
የተላለቁበት፡ዕልቂት፤በሰው-ሠራሽ፡ረኃብ፡ክፉ፡ሞትን፡የሞቱትና፡የሚሞቱት፡እልፍ፡አእላፍ፡
ወገኖቻችን፤አስቀድሞ፡በ"ማርክዚዝም-ሌኒኒዝም"፡ሰበብ፡ርስት፡ተዘርፎ፥ዛሬ፡ለውጭ፡ባለሀብቶች፡በብላሽ፡
የሚቸበቸብበት፡ሸር፤ሌላም፡ተዘርዝሮ፡የማያልቅ፥ያለፈ፣ያላ፟ና፣ነገም፡ገና፡የማያልፍልን፡የተሐድሶ፡ቅኝ፡ገዦች፡
ግፍ፡አለብን።በቀል፡የእግዚአብሔር፡ነውና፥ላለፈው፥ኢትዮጵያውያን፡አንበቀልም፤ላለ፟ውና፡ለሚመጣው፡ዅሉ፡
ግን፡ከመከላከል፡ወደ፡ዃላ፡አንልም።ሐዋርያው፡"እንግዲህ፡በሕይወት፡ኾነን፡ብንኖር፡ወይም፡ብንሞት፡የጌታ፡
ነን"፡ሲል፡እንዳስረዳው72፥ሞት፡የሞተልን፡ሕያዋን፡ነን።

ፋሺዝምን፡ድል፡ያደረጉ፡ዐርበኛዎች፥ተሐድሶ፡ቅኝ፡ገዢነት፥እጅግ፡በረቀቀ፡መንገድ፥ቀስ፡በቀስ፡ሲከብና፡
ሲሠርግ፥ሲሸረሽርና፡ሲንድ፡33፡ዓመት፡ሙሉ፡እየታገሉትም፣እያጠኑ፟ትም፡ቈይተው፥መጨረሻውን፣ጊዜ፡
ያልፈታውን፡ፍቱን፡መድኀኒት፡ከጥንታዊው፡ሥልጣኔያችን፡ቀምመው፥ለሱም፡ምሱ፟ን፡አግኝተውለት፥ባዲስ፡
ስም፡"ሥልጡንሕዝብና"፡ብለው፡ሰይመው፡አስተላልፈውልን፡ዐልፈዋል።በመድኀኒቱ፡መዳንና፡ማዳን፡የዛሬው፡
ትውልድ፡ታሪካዊ፡ተልእኮው፡ኾኗል።

የዛሬው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ትውልድ፡ትግል፥በሥልጡንሕዝብናው፡ርትዕ፡ሕዝባዊ፡አንድነቱን፡አጽንቶ፥የተገፈፈውን፡
ሀገራዊ፡እግዚእናውን፡ዳግመኛ፡ማስከበር፤እግዚእናውንም፡አስከብሮ፥ዐዲሱን፡ሕገ፡መንግሥቱን፡መሥራትና፡
የርትዕ፡ኹነቱን፡ዳግመኛ፡መከወን፡ይኾናል።ይህ፡አንድነቱ፥እስላም፣ክርስቲያን፥ደገኛ፣ቈለኛ፡ሳይል፥ዅሉንም፡
ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ዜጋ፥ለሀገራዊ፡እግዚእናው፡መከበር፡የሚሰበስብ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ማንም፡አይለ፟የ፟ው።የኢትዮጵያ፡ዕትብት፡
የተቀበረባት፡ባሕር፡ምድርም፡ብትኾን፥ፈረንጅ-ቅድ፡አቡጀዲዋን፡አውልቃ፡ጥላ፥ያበሻ፡ቀሚሷን፡በፍቅር፡
አጥልቃ፥ዐሥራ፡አራተኛ፡ወንበሯን፡ይዛ፥በኢትዮጵያዊ፡ህልውናዋና፡እግዚእናዋ፡ዐዲሷን፡ሥልጡንሕዝባዊት፡
ኢትዮጵያ፡ትኾናለች።

ይህንኑ፡ሀገራዊ፡ዓላማችንን፡ለመፈጸም፥ባ 1966፡ዓ.ም.፡ከኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ዐይነተኛዎች፡አፈ፡ጉባኤዎች፡
በተሰጠው፡ዐደራና፡ሥልጣን፡መሠረት፥አካል፡ሠርቶ፡የተቋቋመው፡የኢትዮጵያውያን፡ሀገራዊ፡ሥልጡንሕዝባዊ፡
አንድነት፡(ኢ.ሀ.ሥ.አ.)፡ይታገላል።

ስላንድነቱ፡ግብር፡ለመነጋገር፡ይህ፡መመሪያ፡ተገቢው፡ቦታ፡ስላልኾነ፥ያንድነቱን፡ትእምርተ፡ቃል፡አመልክቼ፥


አንባብያንን፡ወደ፡ኢ.ሀ.ሥ.አ.፡እመራቸዋለኹ።

71 "ኢትዮጵያ፡እጆቿን፡ወደ፡እግዚአብሔር፡ትዘረጋለች"፡መዝ.67፡(68)፥ቍ.31።
72 ሮሜ፥14፥8።
ክ.3.20030827 34 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

1.3 "አንድነታችን፡ከፊደላችን፡ይዠምራል!"
ከጥቂት፡ዓመታት፡በፊት፥በምዕራብ፡አውሮፓ፡በተካኼደ፡የኢትዮጵያውያን፡ጉባኤ፡ላይ፥አንድ፡ታላቅ፡
ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ዐዛውንት፡ተነሥተው፥ለተሰበሰበው፡ሕዝብ፦አንድነታችን፡ከፊደላችን፡ይዠምራል፤ፊደላችን፡አንድ፡
አድርጎናል።ፊደላችን፡ሲከፋፈል፡ግን፥አንድ፡የነበርነው፡ሕዝብ፡እንከፋፈላለንና፥ስለ፡ፊደላችን፡እንቈርቈር፡ሲሉ፡
የገለጹትን፡ጥልቅ፡ሐሳብ፥ብዙው፡ሰሚ፡ሙሉ፡በሙሉ፡ያስተዋለው፡አልመሰለም፡ነበር።

አኹን፡ላይ፣በዙሪያችን፡ስንመለከት፥የ"ቁቤ"፡ጻሕፍ፡እመኻላችን፡ተተክሎ፡ምን፡ያኽል፡እንደ፡ከፋፈለን፡
ዅላችንም፡ተገንዝበናል።

የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡አንድነት፡በቋንቋው፣ባማርኛው፡ብቻም፡አይደል፤በፊደሉም፡እንጂ።ጉራግኛም፡ኾነ፡
አንዋቅኛ፥ኦረምኛም፡ኾነ፡ሱማልኛ፥ትግርኛም፡ኾነ፡ወላይትኛ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፥ዅሉም፡ባንድ፡
ቅርጽ፣ባንድ፡ድምፅ፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደልና፡ጻሕፍ፡እኩል፡ይደምጣሉ፥እኩል፡ይጻፋሉ።ወረድ፡ብለን፡
እንደምናየው፥የ"ቁቤ"፡ጻሕፍ፡ሙሉውን፡ጕዳት፡እንጂ፡አንዳችም፡ጥቅም፡አላመጣልን፥አያመጣልንም፤
ልንጥለው፡እንገደዳለን።

ለየትኞቹም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ይህ፡የ"ቁቤው"፡ጻሕፍ፡ከኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፡በልጦ፡የሚታይባቸው፡መስፈርት፡
የሉም።በያንዳንዱ፡መስፈሪያ፡(በፊደል፡ብዛት፣በድምፅ፡ብዛት፣ባሻሚነት፣በችሎታ፣ወዘተ.)፥የኢትዮጵያው፡
ጻሕፍ፡ተሽሎ፡ይገኛል።

እንደ፡እውነቱ፥ይህ፡አንድያ፡ፊደላቸን፥ከኢትዮጵያም፡ዐልፎ፡ተርፎ፥መላ፟፡ጥቍር፡አፍሪቃን፥በተሟላና፡
በተስማማ፡ኹኔታ፡ሊያገለግለውም፣ሊያገናኘውም፣ሊያዋሕደውም፡ይችላል።

በእነዚህ፡እውኖች፡መነሻነትና፡መንፈስ፥ለዘላቂው፡ሀገራዊ፡ዓላማችንም፡ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ሊያገለግል፡እንሆ፡
ታንጿል።

1.4 ዋዜማ፡ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ።
ዋዜማ፡2000-2003 ፥በ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡ላይ፡በመታነጻቸው፥ከቀደሙት፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ክለሳዎች፡
(ክለሳ፡1.0፡እስከ፡1.5)፡ባቀማመር፡ፈጽሞ፡ይለ፟ያ፟ሉ፤በቅርጸቱ፡ፈሊጥና፡በመፍቻ-ገበታው፡አሰታተር፡
ደግሞ፥የቀደሙትን፡ክለሳዎች፡አሻሽለዋል።ይህም፡መሻሻል፡የተገኘው፥ከ ANSI ው፡ይልቅ፥የ Unicode፡
አቀማመር፡ዅሉንም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደሎች፡ባንድ፡ቅርጸት፡ለማጠቃለል፡ስላስቻለ፡ነው።

ስሙ፡አስቀድሞ፡እንደሚነግረው፥ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ነገ፡ወደሚመሠረተው፡ወደ፡ዘላቂው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡
የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ወይም፡ደንብ፡የሚያሸጋግር፡ድልድይን፡ለመኾን፡የተሟላ፡አመሠራረት፡አለው፤

• ባንድ፡ወገን፥ሊቃውንት፡አባቶቻችን፡በመጽሐፍ፡መዝግበው፣በልማድ፡ጠብቀው፣በትውፊት፡ባወረሱን፡
የቋንቋም፥የፊደልም፣የጻሕፍም፡መሠረት፡ላይ፡ታንጿል፤

• በሌላው፡ወገን፥ከአህጉራዊው፡የማስሊያ፡አቀማመር፡(Unicode)፡ጋራ፡ሙሉ፡በሙሉ፡
ይሰማማል፥ይዋደዳል።

ዘላቂው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ገና፡አልተደነገገም፥አልተሠራም።ርግጥ፡ነው፥የማስሊያ፡ደንብ፡
ድንጋጌ፡ተቋማት፥"በቃኹ፥ነቃኹ"፡ብለው፥ላለቡት፡ዓላማ፥በመሰላቸውና፡በሚፈልጉት፡ዐይነት፥ለኢትዮጵያና፡
ለቋንቋዎቿ፡የማስሊያ፡ደንብን፡ማርቀቃቸውና፥ለማስፈጸም፡መጣደፋቸው፡ይሰማል።"አስጸደቅነው፤አስፈጸምነው"፡
ቢሉም፡ቅሉ፥ለዘላቂነቱ፡ዋሰትና፡የሚኖረው፡በሕጋዊ፡መንግሥት፡ሥልጣን፡ሲፈቀድና፡ሲጸድቅ፡ብቻ፡ነው።

ጕዳዩ፡የእግዚእናም፡ጕዳይ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ቻይናና፡ጃፓን፡ለየራሳቸው፡እንዳደረጉት፡ዅሉ፥እኛም፡የሚሻለንን፡እኛው፡
ጠንቅቀን፡ዐውቀን፥ባፈጻጸም፡ደረጃ፡የሚጠየቀውን፡የሥራ፡ሱታፌ፡ዅሉ፡በመፍቀድ፥ዘላቂውን፡የማስሊያ፡
ደንባችንን፡አብጅተን፥አህጉራውያኑ፡ተቋማት፡የፈቃዳችንን፡እንዲፈጽሙልን፡የማስደረግ፡የእግዚእና፡መብታችንን፡
አስቀድመን፡ማስከበር፡ግዴታችን፡ይኾናል።

ይህ፡እስኪፈጸም፡ድረስ፥ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ለኢትዮጵያዊው፡ማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ድንጋጌ፡የሚበጀውን፡
ሐሳብ፣ንድፍና፡ክንዋኔ፡በየጊዜው፡ለሕዝብ፥እንዲሁም፡ለሚመለከታቸው፡ተቋማት፡ስሜትና፡አገልግሎት፡
እያቀረበ፥የዅሉንም፡ሱታፌና፡አስተያየት፡በማዋሐድ፥ዘላቂው፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የስሌት፡ሥርዐት፡እስኪበጅ፡
ድረስ፥የማስሊያ፡መጻፊያ፡ሥርዐቱን፡እየከለሰና፡እያሻሻለ፡ማበርከቱን፡ይቀጥላል።
ክ.3.20030827 35 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
1. General Presentation 1. Présentation générale

1.1 G'z or Old-Ethiopic 1.1 G'z ou éthiopien ancien

Ethiopia is an old country with a rich literary L' Éthiopie est un vieux pays avec une
tradition. Her most ancient language G'z (a tradition littéraire riche. Sa langue la plus
Semitic or Afro-Asiatic language with the most ancienne, le G'z (une langue sémitique ou afro-
developed and yet simplest syntax among all asiatique dont la grammaire est parmi les plus
the Semitic languages), has given rise to simples mais aussi les plus développées de
Amharic, which became the national and toutes les langues sémitiques) a donné
official language of Ethiopia from the 11th naissance à l'amharique, langue nationale et
century AD. officielle de l'Éthiopie depuis le 11ème siècle de
notre ère.
Both languages are powerfully generative
(from a given ዘር or radical, up to 200 or Ces deux langues sont puissamment génératives
more other words are derived, following some (à partir d'un quelconque ዘር ou radical, 200
very regular and simple rules), and share a mots ou plus sont générés, suivant des règles
very complete syntax. simples), et partagent une grammaire très
complète.
1.2 G'z-Amharic or New-Ethiopic
1.2 G'z-amharique ou éthiopien nouveau
"Amhara" stands for "am" people, and "hara"
independent, and translates into "Free People" "Amhara", composé de "am" peuple et "hara"
or "citizens of the Ethiopian State of Right". It indépendant, peut se traduire par "Peuple
is the designation of Ethiopian citizens since Libre" ou "citoyens de l'État de Droit éthiopien".
st th
the reign of Emperor Mnilk 1 (10 century C'est la désignation des citoyens éthiopiens
B.C.) when Ethiopia was reconstituted as a depuis le règne de l'empereur Mnilk Ier (10ième
State of Right. siècle avant J.C.) lorsque l'Éthiopie fut

After the destruction of the Ethiopian capital reconstituée en un État de Droit.

Akwsm and the devastation of a significant Après la destruction de l'ancienne capitale

part of the country, brought upon by the éthiopienne Akwsm par la rebelle Yodit "Gwdit"
anti-Christian rebel, Yodit (also known as ("la monstresse" ), au 9ième siècle A.D.,
th
"Gwdit" | "the monstress" ), in the 9 century s'enclencha un mouvement vers le Sud des
A.D., there followed a southward shift of the centres de gravité politique, économique,
political, economic, cultural and demographic culturel et démographique. A partir du 11ième
th
centre of gravity. By the 11 century, during siècle A.D., sous la dynastie des Zagwés,
the Zagwé dynasty, Amharic, the language of l'amharique, langue du Peuple Libre -- déjà
the Free People, already the national langue nationale de l'Éthiopie -- relégua le g'z
language of Ethiopia, confined G'z to à l'usage ecclésiastique et savant, pour
ecclesiastical and scholarly usage, and became devenir la langue officielle de l'Éthiopie. Puisque
the official language of Ethiopia. Since les éthiopiens, dans leur grande majorité, sont
Ethiopians are predominantly Christian (70% of chrétiens (70% de la population totale de 90
the total population, or some 63 million out of million d'habitants en 2009, soit 63 million,
a population of 90 million in 2009, are appartiennent à l'Église Orthodoxe Tewahdo
followers of the Ethiopian Orthodox Éthiopienne), Amhara est synonyme de chrétien;
Tewahdo73 Church), Amhara is synonymous les musulmans sont aussi appelés Amhara-
with Christian; on the other hand Muslims are Selemt.
also called Amhara-Selemt.
L'amharique, langue nationale, sert en outre de
In addition to being the national language of "méta-langage" du g'z: de toutes les langues
Ethiopia, Amharic is the "meta-language" of éthiopiennes, c'est celle qui traduit le plus
G'z: it is the language, among all other complètement et le plus précisément le g'z, et
Ethiopian languages, that most completely and aussi la langue d'enseignement du g'z.

73 The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church is the largest of the six Oriental Churches which comprise with
Her, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt, the Malankara Orthodox
Church of India, and the Syriac Orthodox Church.
ክ.3.20030827 36 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

most precisely translates G'z, and the L'amharique est aujourd'hui parlée par 90 million
language in which G'z is taught. d'individus en Éthiopie75 (y compris le Bahr
Mdr), et plus de 2 million dans le reste du
Amharic is spoken, today, by 90 million people
monde. Elle est ainsi parmi la quinzaine des
in Ethiopia74 (including Bahr Mdr), and more
langues les plus parlées du Monde, la langue
than two million around the World. Amharic
la plus parlée d'Afrique Noire, et la deuxième
is, thus, in the top fifteen most spoken
langue afro-asiatique (ou sémitique) la plus
languages of the World, the most spoken
parlée, après la langue arabe.
African language, and the second most spoken
Afro-Asiatic (or Semitic) language, after 1.3 Le compte à rebours Wazéma
Arabic.
Wazéma Système vit le jour en 1996 AD dans
1.3 The Wazéma Countdown sa version Apple-Mac, laquelle ne fut
cependant pas disponible au public jusqu'à ce
Wazéma System started life in 1996 AD in its
que la version Windows (commencée en 1999
Apple-Mac version without ever being
AD) soit lancée en Juillet 2000 AD.
released, until the Windows version (started in
1999 AD) was released in July 2000 AD. Dans ses versions 1.0 à 1.5, Wazéma Système
était établi sur la base du codage ANSI à 256
From version 1.0 till version 1.5, Wazéma
caractères, ce qui força la constitution de
System was based on ANSI (the 256 character
strates de polices de caractères afin que les
encoding system), which meant the reliance on
nombreux caractères éthiopiens puissent être
a layered font system to allow the entry of
accessibles.
the numerous Ethiopic characters (over 300).

The advent of Unicode and its comprehensive La venue de Unicode et son système de codage

encoding system has since, definitively exhaustif a entièrement transformé la situation.

changed all this. Unicode has introduced a new Unicode a amorcé une ère nouvelle de

era in World Computing, and Wazéma System, l'informatique mondiale que Wazéma Système,

through its latest Wazéma2000-3  versions, is dans ses nouvelles versions Wazéma2000-3 ,

drawing from it maximum benefit to serve its tente de tirer au maximum profit pour servir ses

worldwide user community. usagers partout dans le Monde.

74 Figures given by the web site www.ethnologue.org regarding speakers of Ethiopian languages are, for
Amharic at least, 19th century figures, and based on the false premiss that the Amhara are an ethnic
group. Amhara is synonymous with (Ethiopian) citizen, irrespective of "ethnic" origin. Likewise, the widely
disseminated figures (and comments) provided by certain intelligence agencies and institutions
(systematically and perniciously repeated by Western media), reflect more their own imperialist or neo-
colonialist agenda than anything tangible; they are misleading and best avoided. As a general rule,
"official" statistics on Ethiopia should be given little credence; instead it is far safer to establish one's
own estimates using indirect means such as sample statistics, or even independent expert opinion. Thus,
statistics on religious affiliation, for example, can easily be ascertained anywhere in the World where
more than 100 Ethiopians are randomly assembled. Similarily, the fictive data on the "ethnic make up" of
Ethiopia that is being widely published by the Western media, with renewed vigour lately, can also be
easily uncovered as misinformation with more macabre ulterior motives: the break-up of the country
into small neo-colonies. "Who sows wind, ..."
75 Les données, concernant les langues éthiopiennes, fournies par le site www.ethnologue.org sont des données
du 19ième siècle, du moins en ce qui concerne l'amharique. Elles sont, par ailleurs, fondées sur la prémisse
erronée que les amharas sont un groupe ethnique. Amhara est synonyme de citoyen éthiopien, quelque soit
l'origine "ethnique". De même, certaines données et commentaires largement disséminés et émanant de certaines
agences de renseignements et autres institutions (que les média occidentales répètent de manière systématique
et pernicieuse), reflètent davantage leurs agenda impérialistes ou néo-colonialistes qu'autre chose de tangible;
elles sont trompeuses et à éviter à tout prix. En règle générale, on ne devrait accorder que peu de fiabilité,
aux données statistiques "officielles" sur l'Éthiopie; il est bien plus sûr d'établir ses propres estimations en
utilisant des moyens indirects comme les échantillons statistiques, ou même les opinions d'experts
indépendants. Ainsi, les statistiques sur l'appartenance religieuse, par exemple, peuvent aisément être vérifiées
partout dans le monde où plus de 100 Éthiopiens sont rassemblés au hasard. De manière similaire, les données
fictives sur la "composition ethnique" de l'Éthiopie, que les médias occidentales diffusent largement et avec une
vigueur accrue ces derniers temps, peuvent être aussi aisément dévoilées comme étant de la désinformation
avec des motifs ultérieurs macabres: l'éclatement du pays en petites néo-colonies. "Qui sème le vent ..."
ክ.3.20030827 37 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
Following Wazéma2000-2 , Wazéma2003  Wazéma2003  comme Wazéma2000-2 , est
provides, now, features that were absent fondé sur le codage Unicode; de ce fait il offre
from the previous ANSI versions of Wazéma des fonctionnalités que les précédentes versions
System: Ethiopic as well as European and ANSI de Wazéma n'offraient pas: des caractères
International characters are available in the éthiopiens, occidentaux et internationaux sont
same Wazéma font and from the same désormais disponibles dans la même police de
Wazéma keyboard system. caractères de Wazéma et par le biais du
système de clavier Wazéma.
Ethiopian computing is in the process of
standardisation complicated by Ethiopia's L'informatique éthiopienne subit, à l'heure
political woes. These stem from the actuelle, un processus de standardisation qui
unwelcome interest her enormous strategic est rendu complexe par la convoitise que
and geopolitical importance, her untapped suscite la très grande importance stratégique et
human, agricultural, mineral, hydraulic géo-politique de l'Éthiopie, ses immenses
resources, her unsurpassed historical, cultural ressources humaines, agricoles, hydrauliques,
and civilisational potentialities arouse. minérales, ainsi que les potentialités
historiques, culturelles et de civilisation dont
If, in the meantime, Ethiopia does not pull her
elle dispose.
acts together, standardisation will be done
"for" her rather than "by" her, with all the Si, entre temps, l'Éthiopie ne se ressaisit pas,
risks and dangers that such a course of action Il semble que le standard informatique éthiopien
will engender, for the long term (as standards se fera "pour" l'Éthiopie et non pas "par"
have rather long lives). l'Éthiopie, avec tous les risques et dangers que
cela peut engendrer pour le long terme.
Notwithstanding, Wazéma System  seeks to
provide the best possible Ethiopian writing Malgré tout, Wazéma Système  tâchera d'offrir
system with what existing encoding and un système d'écriture de qualité, dans la limite
system configurations allow, while at the de ce que le standard et les configurations
same time exploring novel features to be permettent, tout en explorant en parallèle des
considered for inclusion in the future standard. aspects novateurs, susceptibles d'être
considérés pour inclusion dans le standard à
Wazéma System  is based on Unicode, in
venir.
terms of its encoding, but offers also and in
parallel, an alternative encoding (in the Wazéma Système  offre en parallèle au codage
Private Use Area) that allows a better Unicode de l'éthiopien, un codage de caractères
exploitation of the systematic arrangement of éthiopiens (dans la Zone d'Usage Privé) qui
the Ethiopic alphabet for future language permet une meilleure exploitation de
processing applications and experimentations. l'ordonnancement séquentiel de l'alphabet
éthiopien dans des applications de traitements
Localisation issues are only indirectly
de langages.
addressed here, but are likely to gain greater
attention in the coming months and years. La question de la localisation de ce que l'on
After the issue of encoding, localisation will pourrait appeler l'habillage informatique, n'est
constitute the most sensitive issue in the traitée ici que de manière indirecte; mais elle
standardisation endeavour. fera l'objet d'une attention grandissante dans
les mois et années à venir. Après la question
du codage, c'est sans doute celle qui sera la
plus délicate à traiter.
ክ.3.20030827 38 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ሥዕሎቹ፡ለጥቀው፡በከፊል፡እንደሚያሳዩን፥ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ከ"ሀለሐመ"፡ተራ፡ጋራ፥የ"አበገደ"፡ተራን፡
በተጓዳኝ፡ቀምሮ፡ይዟል•as partially displayed below, the Wazéma System  encoding provides in
parallel to the "HaLeHaMe" order the "ABeVeGeDe" order•le codage de Wazéma Système  offre
avec l'ordre "HaLeHaMe" l'ordre "ABeVeGeDe", comme l'illustre partiellement les images ci-dessous.

በ"ሀለሐመ"፡ተራ፤

በ"አበቨገደ"፡ተራ፤
ክ.3.20030827 39 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

የዋዜማ፡ቅርጸቶች
WAZÉMA FONTS•POLICES DE CARACTÈRES WAZÉMA

የዋዜማ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ለ ANSI፡አቀማመር፡(የቀድሞው)
Wazéma Fonts for ANSI encoding•Polices de caractères Wazéma pour le codage ANSI







የዋዜማ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ለ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡(ዐዲሱ)
Wazéma Unicode Fonts•Polices de caractères Unicode Wazéma

ዋዜማ፡በደስታ፤
ዋዜማ፡በተስፋ፤
ዋዜማ፡በዐዲስ፡አበባ፨
ክ.3.20030827 40 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

2. የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ተከላ
Wazéma2003  Installation•Installation de Wazéma2003 
የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ተከላ፥ፈጽሞ፡ The installation of Wazéma L'installation de Wazéma
አያስቸግርም።የሚከተሉትን፡ሦስት፡ System is straightforward. You Système est simple; il vous
የተከላ፡ረድፎች፡አንድ፡ባንድ፡ simply have to follow these 3 suffit de suivre les 3 étapes
ይውጧቸው፦ steps one by one: suivantes:

2.1 Windows
አ) የተከላ፡ሰነዶች፡ፍልፈላ። A) Extraction of Installation A) Extraction de fichiers
Files d'installation
ዋዜማ፡2003 ን፡ Start the installation of Pour installer Wazéma2003 ,
ለመትከል፥wazema.exe፡ Wazéma2003  by double- cliquez deux fois sur
የተሠኘውን፡ተከናዋኝ፡ሰነድ፡ clicking the self-extracting wazema.exe pour extraire dans
በመጠቈሚያው፡መቀጭቀጭና፡ executable file wazema.exe to le dossier
ክንዋኔውን፡ማስዠመር።ተከናዋኙ፡ extract the installation files
C:\Wazéma2003 v3.0
ሰነድም፡በገዛ፡እጁ፡ተፈልፍሎ፥ (Wazéma fonts and keyboard
አስቀድሞ፡እተመደበለት፡ systems) into folder du lecteur C de votre PC, tous
les fichiers d'installation (à la
C:\Wazéma2003 v3.0 C:\Wazéma2003 v3.0
fois les polices de caractères
እተሠኘ፡ማኅደር፡ውስጥ፡ in the C drive of your PC. Wazéma et les systèmes de
ለተከላው፡የሚፈለጉትን፡ሰነዶች፡ claviers Wazéma).
ዅሉ፡ያከማቻል።

በ) የቅርጸት፡ተከላ። B) Fonts Installation B) Installation des polices

እ C:\Wazéma2003 v3.0፡ Install the Wazéma fonts by Pour installer les polices de
ማኅደር፡ውስጥ፡የሚገኙትን፡ selecting them with the mouse, caractères Wazéma,
የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ቅርጸቶች፡(A0 to drag and drop them from sélectionnez-les à partir du
Addis Abeba Unicode, A0 Desta C:\Wazéma2003 v3.0 into the dossier C:\Wazéma2003 v3.0,
Unicode, A0 Tesfa Unicode), FONTS folder found inside the pour les placer dans le dossier
በ Control Panel WINDOWS folder of your PC. C:\Windows\Fonts de votre PC.
አማካይነት፥ወይም፡በቀጥታ፡
(you may also use the (Vous pouvez aussi installer les
እ C:\Windows\Fonts፡ማኅደር፡ CONTROL PANEL to install the polices par le biais du panneau
ውስጥ፡ሲከቷቸው፥ቅርጸቶቹ፡ fonts; the latter is the method de configuration; c'est la
እማስሊያው፡ላይ፡ይተከላሉ። recommended for Windows XP procédure recommandée pour
and Vista) Windows XP et Vista).
በ Unicode፡ወይም፡በ UTF8፡
አቀማመር፡መሠረት፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ From now on, any Unicode (or A partir de maintenant, tout
ፊደል፡የተጻፈ፡ሰነድ፡ዅሉ፡ UTF8) encoded file, written fichier de format Unicode (ou
ከንግዲህ፡ከማስሊያዎ፡ተነባቢ፡ with Ethiopic characters will be UTF-8) contenant des
ይኾናል። readable from your PC. caractères éthiopiens est lisible
depuis votre ordinateur.
ማስሊያዎ፥ለማንበቢያ፡ብቻ፡ But, surely you want more
ሳይኾን፥ለመጻፊያም፡ than read from your PC: you Mais, naturellement, vous
እንዲያገለግልዎ፥ also want to write with it. For souhaitez plus que lire avec
that purpose, you need also votre ordinateur, vous
የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ን፡መፍቻ-
install the Wazéma keyboards. souhaitez aussi écrire: pour
ገበታ፡መትከል፡ይኖርብዎአል።
cela, vous devez installer le
clavier Wazéma.
ክ.3.20030827 41 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ገ) የመፍቻ-ገበታ፡ተከላ። C) Keyboard Installation C) Installation du Clavier
"Wazéma 2003 Pan-Ethiopian Double-click "Wazéma 2003 Cliquez deux fois sur "Wazéma
Unicode Keyboards v3.exe"፡ Pan-Ethiopian Unicode 2003 Pan-Ethiopian Unicode
የተባለውን፡ተከናዋኝ፡ Keyboards v3.exe" to trigger Keyboards v3.exe" pour
ሰነድ፥አኹንም፥በመጠቈሚያዎ፡ the keyboard installation which déclencher l'installation du
ይቀጭቅጩትና፥የመፍቻ-ገበታውን፡ will be carried-out through clavier; laquelle installation se
ተከላ፥መፍቻ-ገበታው፡በታነጸበት፡በ Tavultesoft Keyman (the fera par le biais de l'outil
Tavultesoft Keyman፡መግበር፡ development tool). You simply Tavultesoft Keyman (outil utilisé
አማካይነት፥እፍጻሜው፡ያድርሱት። have to press the "NEXT" and pour le développement des
"OK" buttons throughout. systèmes de clavier Wazéma.) Il
ዋዜማ፡2003 ፥ዅሉም፡
vous suffit d'appuyer les
በዅሉ፥አራት፡ዐይነት፡የመፍቻ- Wazéma2003  comes with four
boutons "NEXT" et "OK" jusqu'au
ገበታ፡ሥርዐቶች፡አሉት፤ያሜሪካ፡ varieties of keyboard systems:
terme de l'opération.
(US)፥የብሪታንያ፡(UK)፥የፍራንስ፡ the US, UK, French and German
(Fr)ና፡የጀርመን፡(De)። versions of Wazéma2003 's Wazéma2003  comporte quatre
Unicode keyboard. If, for variétés de clavier: française,
ለማስሊያዎ፡መፍቻ፡ገበታ፡
example, you happen to have US, UK, et allemande. Si, par
አሰታተር፡ተስማሚውን፡መርጠው፡
a US keyboard hardware with exemple, votre ordinateur est
ይትከሉ፡(ማለት፥ያሜሪካ፡መፍቻ-
the US keyboard system as the équipé d'un clavier français, et
ገበታ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡ያለዎ፥
default keyboard system of que c'est le clavier par défaut
"Wazéma2003 Pan-Ethiopian your PC, then select the pour Windows, alors
Unicode Keyboard-US" "Wazéma2003 Pan-Ethiopian sélectionnez "Wazéma2003
የሚለውን፡ለይተው፡ Unicode Keyboard-US" for clavier Unicode Pan-éthiopien -
ይትከሉ)።አራቱንም፡ቢተክሏቸው፡ installation. You can also install Fr" pour l'installation. Vous
ደግሞ፡ይችላሉ፤መምረጫውን፡ all four versions; it won't do pouvez aussi installer les trois
ከማጣበቡ፡ሌላ፥ምንም፡ጕዳት፡ any harm, except perhaps autres versions; cela ne fera
የለውም። over-crowd the selection aucun mal, excepté peut-être
menu. encombrer le menu de sélection.

ደ) ማሟሻ D) Begin Typing D) Commencez à "taper"

የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ቅርጸቶችም፡ Now that the Wazéma2003  Maintenant que les polices de
መፍቻ-ገበታም፡ከተተከሉልዎ፡ fonts and keyboard system are caractères ainsi que le système
በዃላ፥ባማርኛም፡ኾነ፡ installed on your PC, you are de clavier Wazéma2003  sont
በማነኛቸውም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ in a position to start typing in installés sur votre ordinateur,
ቋንቋዎች፡ለመጻፍ፡የሚያስፈልገው፡ Amharic or any other Ethiopian vous êtes en mesure d'écrire en
ዅሉ፡ተገኝቶልዎአል።አካኼዱም፡ language. The steps to follow amharique ou toute autre langue
እንሆ፤ are: éthiopienne. Il vous suffit de
suivre les étapes suivantes:

•መዠመሪያ፥Keyman፡ •first, from the "START" menu •tout d'abord, démarrez

የተባለውን፡የመፍቻ-ገበታ፡ (bottom-left of your screen), l'application appelée "KEYMAN" à
መግበር፡ start the keyboard application partir du dossier de démarrage
ለማስነሣት፥ከ Windows፡ called "KEYMAN", from the du programme "Tavultesoft
የማስነሻ፡መምረጫ፡(Start "Tavultesoft Keyman" program Keyman" que vous trouverez
Menu)፡የ Tavultesoft Keyman folder by clicking it once. dans le menu "DÉMARRER", en-
ን፡ማኅደር፡ያግኙና፥ bas, à gauche de votre écran.
KEYMAN ን፡ለይተው፡
ጐፍጭረው፡ያስነሡት።

•ቀጥለው፥ሊጽፉበት፡ያሰቡትን፡ •Then, start the word •Ensuite, démarrez le

ቃል-ማሳኪያ፡መግበር፡ processor of your choice traitement de texte de votre
(OpenOffice፥MS- Word፥ (OpenOffice, MS-Word, choix (OpenOffice, MS-Word,
ክ.3.20030827 42 ዋዜማ፡2003
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Notepad፥ወዘተ.)፡ያስነሡ፤ Notepad, or any other); Notepad, ou autre).

•ከዚያም፥በመስኮቱ፡ቀኝ-እግርጌ፡ •After that, click on the •Après cela, cliquez sur l'icône
የሚታየውን፡የ Keyman ን፡ምስል፡ Keyman icon appearing on the de Keyman qui apparaît sur la
(K)፡ጠቍመው፥የመፍቻ-ገበታ፡ tool bar (bottom-right of your barre des tâches (en-bas, à
መምረጫን፡ screen) to select from the droite de votre écran), pour
ይከሥቱና፥ተስማሚውን፡የዋዜማ፡ pop-up menu, the sélectionner, à partir du menu
ሥርዐት ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ይምረጡ። qui s'ouvre, le clavier pan-
Wazéma2003  Pan-Ethiopian
éthiopien Wazéma2003  qui
Unicode Keyboard that matches
correspond au clavier par défaut
your default keyboard system.
de votre ordinateur.

እንደ፡መረጡም፥በ Keyman፡ Upon selecting it, the Keyman Aussitôt que la sélection est
ምስል፡ምትክ፥የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ icon is replaced by the Wazéma faite, l'icône de Keyman est
ምስል፡ይታያል፡(ሥዕሉን፡ icon, as shown below. To remplacée par l'icône de
ይመልከቱ)።መሥራት፡ verify that it does work, type Wazéma, comme on le voit ci-
አለመሥራቱን፡ anything ... dessous. Pour vérifier que ça
ለማረጋገጥ፥ማነኛቸውንም፡ marche, appuyez n'importe
መፍቻዎች፡ይምቱ። quelle touche ...

•አንድ፡ነገር፡ቀረ፤ተስማሚዎን፡ •Finally, choose one of the •Enfin, choisissez une police

ቅርጸት፡ይምረጡ። Wazéma2003  Unicode fonts de caractères parmi les polices
("A0 Desta Unicode", for Unicode de Wazéma2003  (par
ለምሳሌ፥ከዋዜማ፡2003 ፡
example). exemple, "A0 Desta Unicode").
ቅርጸቶች፡ውስጥ፥"A0 Desta
Unicode"ን፡ይምረጡ። You have now all that is Vous disposez, maintenant, de
needed to start writing in tout ce dont vous avez besoin
ከንግዲህ፡ባማርኛም፡ኾነ፡
Amharic or any other Ethiopian pour écrire à la fois en
በማነኛቸው፡የኢትዮጵያም፡
language, together with any amharique (ou toute autre
የምዕራብ፡አውሮፓም፡ቋንቋዎች፡
West European language, langue éthiopienne), et en toute
እንደ፡ልብ፡ሊጽፉ፡ይችላሉ።
without having to change or langue occidentale, cela, sans
ለጊዜው፥የፈለጉትን፡መፍቻ፡ switch keyboard. avoir à changer de clavier.
እየመቱ፥ፊደላት፡መታተማቸውን፡
But, for now, just press any Mais pour lors,vérifiez que des
ብቻ፡ያረጋግጡ፤ወረድ፡ብለን፡
character keys to verify that caractères éthiopiens sont
ያመታት፡ስልቱን፡በዝርዝር፡
Ethiopic characters are entrés lorsque vous appuyez
እናጠናዋለን።የዋዘማ፡ሥርዐትን፡
entered. les touches de caractères.
ያጻጻፍ፡ስልት፡በፍጥነት፡አሟልተን፡
እንድናውቀውና፡እንድንሠራበትም፡ In the sections below, we shall Dans les sections qui suivent,
ተብሎ፡የተሰናዱ፡ዐጫጪር፡ see in greater detail, all nous verrons plus en détail
መለማመጃዎች፡አሉልን፡(ምዕራፍ፡ aspects of the Wazéma writing tous les aspects du système
4 ን፡ይመለከቷል)። system. A series of small d'écriture Wazéma. Une séries
exercises are also provided to de courts exercices y sont
quickly enable you to use the aussi offerts pour vous
full functionalities of Wazéma permettre de rapidement
System (refer to Chapter 4). maîtriser toutes les
fonctionnalités du système
d'écriture Wazéma (voyez le
chapitre 4).
ክ.3.20030827 43 ዋዜማ፡2003
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2.2 Mac OSX

አ) የተከላ፡ሰነዶች፡ፍልፈላ። A) Extraction of Installation A) Extraction de fichiers

Files d'installation
ዋዜማ፡2003 ን፡እ Mac OSX፡ Start the installation of Pour installer Wazéma2003 ,
መግበር፡ላይ፡ለመትከል፥ Wazéma2003  by double- cliquez deux fois sur
wazema_Mac.zip፡የተሠኘውን፡ clicking the zipped file wazema_Mac.zip pour extraire
ጭፍቅ፡ሰነድ፡በመጠቈሚያው፡ wazema_Mac.zip to extract les fichiers d'installation , et
መቀጭቀጭና፡ፍልፈላውን፡ the installation files, and procéder à l'installation propre.
ማስዠመር።ጭፍቁ፡ሰነድም፡በገዛ፡ proceed to the installation
እጁ፡ተፈልፍሎ፡ steps.
ሲያበቃ፥ተከላውን፡ይዠምራሉ።

በ) የቅርጸት፡ተከላ። B) Fonts Installation B) Installation des polices

እተፈለፈለው፡ማኅደር፡ውስጥ፡ Install the Wazéma fonts (A0 Pour installer les polices de
የሚገኙትን፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ Addis Abeba Unicode, A0 Desta caractères Wazéma, (A0 Addis
ቅርጸቶች፡(A0 Addis Abeba Unicode, A0 Tesfa Unicode) by Abeba Unicode, A0 Desta
Unicode, A0 Desta Unicode, A0 selecting them with the mouse, Unicode, A0 Tesfa Unicode)
Tesfa Unicode)፡ እ MacOSX፡ to drag and drop them into the sélectionnez et placez-les dans
ማስሊያዎ፡ላይ፡ (Library→Fonts) folder of your le dossier (Library→Fonts) de
ለመትከል፥ቅርጸቶቹን፡ Mac. votre Mac.
በመጠቈሚያው፡ከማኅደሩ፡
But, surely you want more Mais, naturellement, vous
ጐትተው፡እማስሊያዎ፡የቅርጸት፡
than read from your PC: you souhaitez plus que lire avec
ማኅደር፡ውስጥ፡
also want to write with it. For votre ordinateur, vous
(Library→Fonts)፡ይዱሏቸው።
that purpose, you need also souhaitez aussi écrire: pour
ማስሊያዎ፥ለማንበቢያ፡ብቻ፡ install the Wazéma keyboard cela, vous devez installer le
ሳይኾን፥ለመጻፊያም፡ systems. clavier Wazéma.
እንዲያገለግልዎ፥

የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ን፡መፍቻ-
ገበታ፡መትከል፡ይኖርብዎአል።
ክ.3.20030827 44 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ገ) የመፍቻ-ገበታ፡ተከላ። C) Mac Keyboard Installation C) Installation du Clavier Mac

"Wazéma 2003 Ethiopian Drag and drop into your Mac's Sélectionnez le système de
KB.keylayout"፡የተባለውን፡ keyboard folder clavier "Wazéma 2003 Ethiopian
የመፍቻ፡ገበታ፡ሰነድና፡"Wazéma (Library→Keyboard Layouts) KB.keylayout" correspondant à
Ethiopian KB.icns"፡የተባለውን፡ the file "Wazéma 2003 la configuration de votre Mac,
የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት፡ምስል፡ Ethiopian KB.keylayout" which ainsi que le fichier icône
ሰነድ፥አኹንም፥በመጠቈሚያው፡ corresponds to the system of "Wazéma Ethiopian KB.icns",
ጐትተው፥እማስሊያዎ፡የመፍቻ- your choice (US, UK, French, que vous glissez dans le
ገበታ፡ማኅደር፡ውስጥ፡ German), together with the dossier des claviers de Mac
(Library→Keyboard Layouts)፡ Wazéma icon file "Wazéma (Bibliothèque→Keyboard Layouts).
ይዱሏቸው።በመጨረሻም፥ Ethiopian KB.icns". Then restart
Wazéma2003  comporte quatre
ማስሊያዎን፡ዳግመኛ፡ያስነሡት። your Mac.
variétés de clavier: française,
ዋዜማ፡2003 ፥ዅሉም፡ Wazéma2003  comes with four US, UK, et allemande.
በዅሉ፥አራት፡ዐይነት፡የመፍቻ- varieties of keyboard systems:
Si, par exemple, votre
ገበታ፡ሥርዐቶች፡አሉት፤ያሜሪካ፡ the US, UK, French and German
ordinateur est équipé d'un
(US)፥የብሪታንያ፡(UK)፥የፍራንስ፡ versions of Wazéma2003 's
clavier français, et que c'est le
(Fr)ና፡የጀርመን፡(De)። Unicode keyboard.
clavier par défaut pour votre
ለ Mac፡ማስሊያዎ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ If, for example, you happen to Mac, alors sélectionnez "clavier
አሰታተር፡ተስማሚውን፡መርጠው፡ have the US keyboard system éthiopien Wazéma2003 - Fr"
ይትከሉ፡(ማለት፥ያሜሪካ፡መፍቻ- as the default keyboard system pour l'installation. Vous pouvez
ገበታ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡ያለዎ፥ for your Mac, then select the aussi installer les trois autres
"Wazéma2003 Ethiopian versions; cela ne fera aucun
"Wazéma2003 Ethiopian
Keyboard-US" for installation. mal, excepté peut-être
Keyboard-US"፡የሚለውን፡
You can also install all four encombrer le menu de sélection.
ለይተው፡ይትከሉ)።አራቱንም፡
versions; it won't do any
ቢተክሏቸው፡ይችላሉ፤ Ensuite, à partir du panneau
harm, except perhaps over-
መምረጫውን፡ከማጣበባቸው፡ "International", sélectionnez le
crowd the selection menu.
ሌላ፥ምንም፡ጕዳት፡አይኖርም። système de clavier Wazéma de
Then, from the "International" votre choix.
ቀጥለው፥የሚፈልጉትን፡የዋዜማ፡
panel select the Wazéma
መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ከአህጉራዊው፡ሰሌዳ፡
keyboard of your choice.
(International Panel)፡ይምረጡ።

ደ) ማሟሻ D) Begin Typing D) Commencez à "taper"

የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ቅርጸቶችም፡ Now that the Wazéma2003  Maintenant que les polices de
መፍቻ-ገበታም፡እ Mac፡ማስሊያዎ፡ fonts and keyboard system are caractères ainsi que le système
ከተተከሉልዎ፡በዃላ፥ባማርኛም፡ installed on your Mac, you are de clavier Wazéma2003  sont
ኾነ፡በማነኛቸውም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ in a position to start typing in installés sur votre Mac, vous
ቋንቋዎች፡ለመጻፍ፡የሚያስፈልገው፡ Amharic or any other Ethiopian êtes en mesure d'écrire en
ዅሉ፡ተገኝቶልዎአል። language. amharique ou toute autre langue
éthiopienne.

መዠመሪያ፥ከመፍቻ-ገበታ፡ From the "keyboard" menu Tout d'abord, choisissez le

መምረጫው፡ተስማሚዎን፡የዋዜማ፡ (top-right of your screen), clavier Wazéma de votre choix,
መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ይምረጡ። select the Wazéma keyboard le "clavier éthiopien
እንበል፥"Wazéma2003 Ethiopian version of your choice, say, Wazéma2003-fr" par exemple, à
Keyboard-US"ን፡መርጠው፡ "Wazéma2003 Ethiopian partir du menu de sélection
እንደ፡ኾነ፥ለፈረንጅኛው፡እንደ፡ Keyboard-US". This is identical (en-haut, à droite de votre
ዐይነተኛው፡ያሜሪካ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ to the US keyboard; but by écran). Celui-ci est identique au
ይሠራል፤ለኢትዮጵኛው፡አጻጻፍ፡ pressing the  key, you clavier français; mais en
ደግሞ፥ን፡መጫ፟ን፡ switch to the Wazéma pressant la touche , vous
ይበቃል።(ያመታቱን፡ዝርዝር፡ Ethiopian keyboard, allowing passez au clavier Wazéma, ce
እምዕራፍ፡4፡ላይ፡ያገኟል)። you the entry of Ethiopian qui vous permet d'entrer les
characters (see Chapter 4). caracteres éthiopiens (voir le
chapitre 4).
ክ.3.20030827 45 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

3. የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አሰታተርና፡ያመታት፡ስልት።
Keyboard Layout and Typing Method•Disposition de clavier et méthode de frappe

3.1 የፒሲ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አሰታተር•Standard PC keyboard layout•Disposition standard du clavier PC

    

  

  
 
    
  

የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አሰታተር፡ደግሞ፥በዚያው፡በ"ፒሲ"፡መደበኛ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡
ላይ፥ከሮማይስጡ፡ፊደል፡ጎን፥የኢትዮጵያው፡ፊደል፥ለጥቆ፡እንደተመለከተው፥በ"አበቨገደ"፡ተራ፡ሰፍሮበታል።

The Wazéma keyboard layout, juxtaposes Le clavier Wazéma s'illustre par la juxtaposition
Ethiopian characters next to the Roman de caractères éthiopiens à côté des caractères
characters of the standard PC keyboard, in latins, selon l'ordre "አበቨገደ", comme l'illustre le
the "አበቨገደ" order, as indicated below. schéma ci-dessous.

3.2 የዋዜማ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አሰታተር • Wazéma keyboard layout • disposition du clavier Wazéma

(በ Mac፡OSX፥ን፡መጫ፟ን•for Mac OSX, press •pour Mac OSX, appuyer la touche )

    

  

  
 
    
  

በቀይ፡የተመለከቱት፡መፍቾች፡ ፡ግእዝ፡ፊደላትን፡
76

ካዕብ ፥ሣልስ፥ራብዕ፥ኃምስ፥ሳድስ፥ሳብዕ፡የሚያደርጉ፡"ምልዋጦች"78፡ናቸው።ከሳብዕ፡
77

ቀጥሎ፥በ"8"፡"9"፡"-"ና፡"="፡ቦታ፥፡፡፡፡፡ተደርበው፡ተሰትረዋል፤ይህ፡
አደራረባቸውም፥በግራም፡በቀኝም፡እጅ፡ምልዋጦቹን፡እንደ፡ልብ፡ለመምታት፡ያመቻል።

ባረንጓዴ፡ቀለም፡የተመለከቱት፡መፍቾች፡ደግሞ፥በራሳቸው፡ወይም፡ከምልዋጦች፡ጋራ፡
የኢትዮጵያን፣ያውሮፓንም፡ፊደሎች፡ለመጻፍ፡ያስችላሉ።

ለምሳሌ፥"ዋዜማ"፡የሚለው፡ቃል፥በፊደል፡አጠራሩ፥ዋ-ራብዕ፥ዜ-ኃምስ፥ማ-ራብዕ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥በዚሁ፡
መንገድ፡በ

  

76 ፡ዐብሮት፡የሚመታ፟፡ፊደልን፡ሳድስ፡ያደርጋል።
77 "ግእዝ"፡"ካዕብ"፡"ሣልስ"፡"ራብዕ"፡"ኃምስ"፡"ሳድስ"፡"ሳብዕ"፡
ማለት፥በያንዳንዱ፥"1 ኛ"፡"2 ኛ"፡"3 ኛ"፡"4 ኛ"፡"5 ኛ"፡"6 ኛ"፡"7 ኛ"፡ማለት፡ነው።
78 "ምልዋጥ"፡በድጓ፡ስልት፡የሚነገር፡ቃል፡ነው፤ይውም፥ግእዝና፡አራራይ፡ዜማን፡ዕዝል፡ማድረጊያ፡ስልት፡ነው።ዜማን፡
የመለወጡ፡ስልት፡ፊደልን፡ከግእዝ፡ወደ፡ካዕብ፡ሣልስ፡ራብዕ፡ኃምስ፡ሳድስ፡ወይም፡ሳብዕ፡ከመለወጡ፡
ስለማይለ፟ይ፥ይንኑ፡ሟያ፡ለሚውሉ፡መፍቾች፡"ምልዋጥ"፡የሚለውን፡ስም፡ሰጥተናቸዋል።በእንግሊዝኛ፡"Dead Keys"፡
ይሏቸዋል፤ቃል፡በቃል፡"ምዉት፡መፍቾች"፡ብሎ፡መፍታቱ፡አሻሚ፣አለዚያም፡ትርጕም-የለሽ፡ይኾናል።
ክ.3.20030827 46 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

ይመ፟ታ፟ል።

፡ደግሞ፡ያበሻ፡አኃዞችን፡በጥንታዊው፡የፊደል፡አምሳያቸው፡ለመምታት፡ያገለግላል።
ለምሳሌ፥"፳፻"ን፡ለመጻፍ፥

 
ብሎ፥አከታትሎ፡መምታት፡ነው።(ዝርዝሩን፥"ልምምድ"፡እተሠኘው፡ክፍል፡ውስጥ፡እናየዋለን)።

The keys marked in red are so-called "dead- Les touches marquées en rouges représentent
keys", which allow the entry of all seven les soi-disant "touche-mortes", qui sont
orders of each syllable, as well as all labio- utilisées pour l'entrée de tous les ordres de
velars, Ethiopic numerals, diacritical marks, chacune des alphabets, ainsi que les labio-
Church music notations, etc., in combination vélaires, les chiffres éthiopiens, les signes
with the first order keys (አ፡በ፡ቨ፡ገ፡ደ፡...) diacritiques, les notes de la musique d'Église,
etc., en combinaison avec les touches de
premier ordre [አ፡በ፡ቨ፡ገ፡ደ፡...)

3.3 የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ተለጣፊዎች

Wazéma System  Keyboard Stickers•Etiquettes auto-collantes pour clavier Wazéma Système 

የኢትዮጵያ፡መደበኛ፡የማስሊያ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ገና፡ስላልተሠራና፥ለጊዜው፥በተገኘው፡የውጭ፡አገር፡መፍቻ-
ገበታ፡(QWERTY፥AZERTY፥QWERTZ፡ወዘተ.)፡መሠረት፡ስለምንሠራ፥የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ን፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡
አሰታተር፡በተለጣፊ፡ምልክቶች፥ወይም፡ቀጥታ፡በቀለም፡ማመልከት፡ይኖርብናል።(ለዚሁ፡ተብሎ፥ከዋዜማ፡
ሥርዐት ፡ጥቅል፡ጋራ፡የተዘጋጁ፡ተለጣፊዎች፡እደራሲው፡ዘንድ፡ይገኛሉ)።

እላይ፡በተመለከተው፡አሰታተር፡መሠረት፥በማነኛውም፡ተለጣፊ፡ወረቀት፡(ከዠርባው፡ማጣበቂያ፡ሙጫ፡
ያለው፡ወረቀት)፡ላይ፡ፊደላቱን፡ዐትሞ፥እያንዳንዱ፡መፍቻ፡ላይ፡አከታትሎ፡በመለጠፍ፥አለዚያም፥እያንዳንዱ፡
መፍቻ፡ላይ፡በቀለም፡እየጻፉ፥መፍቻ-ገበታውን፡በቀላሉ፡ማመልከት፡ይቻላል።

Specially made keyboard stickers in vinyl, with Des étiquettes auto-collantes en vinyle, sur
Ethiopian characters printed on them are lesquelles sont imprimés les caractères
available from the author. These stickers are éthiopiens sont disponibles auprès de l'auteur.
to be stuck directly on the key caps in the Ces étiquettes doivent être collées directement
order indicated in the illustration below; and sur chacune des touches dans l'ordre indiqué
this, irrespective of the fact that it is a ci-dessous, cela, quel que soit le type de
QWERTY, an AZERTY, a QWERTZ, or any clavier (AZERTY, QWERTY, QWERTZ ou autre).
other keyboard layout. You can easily make Vous pouvez aussi fabriquer vos propres
your own stickers using any sticky label; you étiquettes, à partir de papier autocollant; ou
may also directly inscribe each character on encore inscrire dans une couleur appropriée
the actual key using any suitable (contrasting chaque caractère sur chacune des touches de
colour) ink. votre clavier.





ዋ
ዜ
ማ
ክ.3.20030827 47 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

3.3 ያመታት፡ስልት፡ለ Windows።

ዋዜማ፡2003 ፡የመላ፡ኢትዮጵያንና፡የምዕራብ፡አውሮፓውያንን፡ፊደላትና፡ልዩ፡ልዩ፡አህጉራውያን፡
ኅርመቶች፡(የነጠብጣብ፥የቃል፥የሒሳብ፡…፡ምልክቶችን)፡ባንድ፡ቅርጸት፡ያጽ፟ፋል።

የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡አሠራር፡መርሕ፥የኢትዮጵያንም፡ያውሮፓውያንንም፡ፊደላት፡በየራሳቸው፡የመፍቻ፡አመታት፡
ማጻፍ፡ነው።

"Wazéma2003 pan-Ethiopic Unicode Keyboard"ን፡ከመረጡ፡በዃላ፥ማነኛውንም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡

በቀጥታ፡ወይም፡ከምልዋጦች፡ጋራ፡አጣምረው፡ይመቱበታል።

ያውሮፓውያን፡ፊደሎችንና፡አህጉራውያን79፡ምልክቶችን፡ለመምታት፡ደግሞ፥

● የቀኝ-ማማረጫ፡መፍቻ፡ን፡ወይም፡የቀኝ-ቍጥጥር፡መፍቻ፡ን፡እንደተጫኑ፡
ሳይለቁ፥የፈረንጁን፡መፍቻ፡መምታት፤

● ወይም፥ን፡አንዴ፡ቈልፎ፥ከዚያ፡የፈረንጅኛዎቹን፡መፍቾች፡መምታት፤

● ወይም፡ደግሞ፥ከእግርጌው፡የመፍቻ-ገበታ፡መምረጫ፡(በመስኮቱ፡ቀኝ-እግርጌ)፡"No Keyman"፡
የሚለውን፡መርጦ፥የፈረንጅኛዎቹን፡መፍቾች፡መምታት።

3.3 Typing Method 3.3 Méthode de frappe

The Wazéma writing system allows the entry Le système d'écriture Wazéma autorise l'entrée
of all Ethiopian, Western and International de tous les caractères éthiopiens, occidentaux
characters from the same keyboard. et internationaux, à partir du même clavier.

Once the "Wazéma2003 Pan-Ethiopian Unicode Une fois que le clavier "Wazéma2003 clavier
Keyboard" is selected, Ethiopian characters are Unicode pan-éthiopien" est sélectionné, on
entered by directly hitting relevant keys, entre les caractères éthiopiens en frappant
whereas Western and international characters directement les touches correspondantes, alors
are entered by either: que les caractères occidentaux et
internationaux sont entrés soit :
•typing the relevant keys while pressing and
holding the control keys ( or  ); •en frappant les touches correspondantes tout
en appuyant les touches de contrôle (
•or by pressing  and entering the
ou );
relevant upper-case keys (hold the SHIFT
key to enter lower-case characters); •ou en appuyant , puis en frappant les
touches correspondantes;
•or by selecting the "No Keyman" option in
the Keyman pop-up menu (bottom-right of •ou encore, en sélectionnant l'option "No
your screen) of the tool bar. Keyman" du menu de la barre-des-tâches
(en bas, à droite de votre écran).

3.4 ያመታት፡ስልት፡ለ Mac•Typing Method for Mac•Méthode de frappe pour Mac

የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡የ Mac፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ያመታት፡ስልት፡ከ Windows ዙ፡ክለሳ፡ጋራ፥ከሞላ፡ጐደል፥ተመሳሳይ፡
ነው።በ Windows፥"Keyman"፡የተባለውን፡መሳ፟ሊያ፡ማስነሣት፡ሲኖር፤በ Mac፡ግን፥ን፡መጫ፟ን፡
ይበቃል።ሌሎቹ፡ልዩነቶች፡ጥቃቅን፡ናቸው፤ተጨማሪ፡ማብራሪያ፡እዚህ፡አያሻቸውም።

The typing method for the Mac is similar to La méthode de frappe pour le Mac est similaire
that for Windows. The only major difference is à celle de Windows. La seule différence majeure
in the starting of the system where, in c'est que, sous Windows l'application "Keyman"
Windows the application "Keyman" must be doit être déclenchée; alors que sous Mac il

79 "አህጉራውያን"፡ማለት፥ቃል፡በቃል፥"ያገሮች፡የጋራ"፥ወይም፡በፈረንጅኛው፡"International"፡ማለት፡ነው፤"ወለ፡
አህጉራዊ"፡ወይም፡"በይናተ፡አህጉራዊ"፡ማለትም፡ይቻላል።"አህጉር"፡የሚለውን፡የግእዝ፡ቃል፡(ባማርኛ፥"አገሮች")፡
ለፈረንጅኛው፡"Continent"፡ማዋሉ፡ግን፥አኹን፡የመጣ፡ስሕተት፡ነው።"Continent"፡ለሚለው፡
ቃል፡"የብስ"፥"Continental"፡ለሚለው፡ቅጽሉ፡ደግሞ፡"የብሳዊ"፡ትኽክለኛው፡አተረጓጐም፡መኾኑን፡ዐዋቂዎች፡ዘወትር፡
ያሳስባሉ።
ክ.3.20030827 48 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

started; whereas in Mac, the  key is suffit d'appuyer sur la touche  pour passer
pressed to switch to the Wazéma keyboard au clavier Wazéma.
system.
Les exemples donnés au chapitre 4 sont basés
The examples given in Chapter 4 are based on sur l'environnement Windows. Les utilisateurs de
the Windows environment. Mac user will, Mac devront donc tenir de la différence notée
therefore, need to take into account the above ci-dessus lorsqu'ils effectuent les exercices.
difference while doing the exercises.
ክ.3.20030827 49 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

የመላ፟፡ኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደሎች፡በአሌፋት፡ተራ።
Pan-Ethiopian Alphabet•Alphabet pan-éthiopien

የፊደል ግእዝ ካዕብ ሣልስ ራብዕ ኃምስ ሳድስ ሳብዕ ሳድስ፡ ካዕብ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡
ወግእዝ ወሣልስ ወወ ወዊ ወዋ ወዌ ወው
ስም

አልፍ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ኧ      
ቤት በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ    ቧ  
ቨ ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ  … ... ቯ ... ...
ገምል ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ  ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ
ጘ ጘ ጙ ጚ ጛ ጜ ጝ ጞ      
ድልት ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ  ዷ
ዸ ዸ ዹ ዺ ዻ ዼ ዽ ዾ  ዿ
ጀ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ  ጇ
ደ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ  ዷ
ሆይ/ሃሌ ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ   ሇ
ታ

ዋዌ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ወ ዎ  80
ዛይ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ  ዟ
ዠ ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ  ዧ
ሐመር ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ   ሗ
ኀርም/ብ ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ   ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ
ዙኃን

ጠይት ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ  ጧ
ጠ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ  ጧ
ጨ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ  ጯ
የማን የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ  ዯ
ካፍ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ  ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ
ኸ ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ  ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ
ላዊ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ  ሏ
ማይ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ  ሟ
ነሐስ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ  ኗ
ኘ ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ  ኟ
ሠውት/ን
ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ  ሧ
ጉሥ

ዐይን ዐ ዑ ዐ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ   ዗
ፈፍ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ  ፏ
ጸደይ/ጸ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ  ጿ
ሎት

80 "ዋ"ና፡"ዏ"፡ምንም፡በድምፅ፡አንድ፡ቢኾኑ፥በሟያ፡የተለያዩ፡በመኾናቸው፥የ"ዏ"፡መኖር፡አስፈላጊ፡ኾኗል።በሀገራዊ፡
ሥልጣን፡እስኪወሰንበት፡ድረስ፥በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡አቀማመር፥በግል፡አገልግሎት፡ክልል፡(ግ.አ.ክ.)፡ውስጥ፡ታክሏል።
ክ.3.20030827 50 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የፊደል ግእዝ ካዕብ ሣልስ ራብዕ ኃምስ ሳድስ ሳብዕ ሳድስ፡ ካዕብ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡ ሳድስ፡
ወግእዝ ወሣልስ ወወ ወዊ ወዋ ወዌ ወው
ስም

ጸ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ  ጿ
ፀጰ/ፀሓይ ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ  ፇ
ፀ ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ  ፇ
ቆፍ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ  ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ
ቐ ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ  ቘ ቚ ቛ ቜ ቝ
ርእስ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ  ሯ
ሳት ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ  ሷ
ሸ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ  ሿ
ታው ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ  ቷ
ቸ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ  ቿ
ጰ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ  ጷ
ፒ ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ  ፗ

የ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡የመላ፟፡ዓለምን፡ፊደሎች፡ያጠቃለለ፡ቢኾንም፥እነዚህን፡ዅሉ፡ፊደሎች፡የያዘ፡ቅርጸት፡
እስካኹን፡አልተሠራም።የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ቅርጸቶች፥ከኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደሎች፡ጋራ፡የምዕራባውያንን፡
ፊደሎች፥እንዲሁም፡አህጉራውያን፡የጽሕፈት፣የሒሳብ፣ወዘተ.፡ምልክቶችን፡ይዘዋል።ተከታዩ፡ሰንጠረዥ፡
ዝርዝሩን፡ያሳየናል።

የኅርመት፡ክፍሎች። የዩኒኮድ፡ኅርመቶች። በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ብቻ፡የሚገኙ።

CHARACTER CATEGORIES UNICODE CHARACTERS WAZÉMA SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

የ ASCII ነጠብጣቦችና፡ ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ?

ምልክቶች @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | } ~ ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª «
¬ ® ¯ ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿
ASCII Punctuations and
Symbols

የ ASCII፡አኃዞች 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ASCII Digits

ሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q
Latin Alphabet
r s t u v w x y z À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë
Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à
á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø
ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ

ተጣማርያን፡የመቃኛ፡  ፟          
ምልክቶች

Combining Diacritical
Marks

ተጨማሪ፡ነጠብጣቦች ‘ ‐ ‒ – — ― ‖ ‗ ‘ ’ ‚ ‛ “ ” „ ‟ †
‡ • ‣․ ‥ … ‧ ‰ ‱ ′ ″ ‴ ‵ ‶ ‷ ‸ ‹ ›
General Punctuation
※ ‼ ‽ ‾ ‿ ⁀ ⁁ ⁂ ⁃ ⁄ ⁅ ⁆ ⁇ ⁈ ⁉ ⁋ ⁌ ⁍ ⁎
⁐ ⁑ ⁒ ⁓

ላዕላይ-ጻሕፍ / ታሕታይ- ⁰ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁺ ⁻ ⁼ ⁽ ⁾ ⁿ ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₊ ₋ ₌ ₍ ₎
ጻሕፍ

Superscripts &
ክ.3.20030827 51 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የኅርመት፡ክፍሎች። የዩኒኮድ፡ኅርመቶች። በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ብቻ፡የሚገኙ።

CHARACTER CATEGORIES UNICODE CHARACTERS WAZÉMA SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

Subscripts

የምንዛሪ፡ምልክቶች $ € £ ¥

Currency Symbols

ፊደል-መሰል፡ምልክቶች ℀ ℁ ℂ ℃ ℇ ℉ ℊ ℋ ℌ ℍ ℎ ℏ ℐ ℑ ℒ ℓ ℔
ℕ№ ℘ ℙ ℚ ℛ ℜ ℝ ℡ ™ ℤ Ω ℧ ℩ K Å
Letter Like Symbols
ℬ ℮ ℯ ℰ ℱ ℳ ℵ ℶ ℷ ℸ ℹ ⅋

ፍላጾች•Arrows ← ↑ → ↓ ↔ ↕ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙

ልዩ፡ልዩ፡ምልክቶች (በ Unicode፡ያልተቀመረ       
not encoded in Unicode•n'est pas inclus dans Unicode)
     
Miscellaneous Symbols
 .  




    





 

 
 




 
   
..




   

ጥንታዊ፡ኢትዮጵኛ (በ Unicode፡ያልተቀመረ 

not encoded in Unicode•n'est pas inclus dans Unicode)

Proto-Ethiopic




ፊንቅኛ•Phoenician (በ Unicode፡ያልተቀመረ 

not encoded in Unicode•n'est pas inclus dans Unicode)


የሒሳብ፡ምልክቶች ∀∁∂∃∄∅∆∇∈∉∊∋∌∍∎∏∐∑−
∓∔∕∖∗∘∙√∛∜∝∞∟∠∡∢∣∤∥∦∧∨∩∪∫∬∭∮∯∰∱∲∳∴
Mathematical
∵∶∷∸∹∺∻∼∽∾∿≀≁≂≃≄≅≆≇≈≉≊≋≌≍≎≏≐≑≒≓≔≕≖
Operators
≗≘≙≚≛≜≝≞≟≠≡≢≣≤≥≦≧≨≩≪≫≬≭≮≯≰≱≲≳≴≵≶≷≸≹≺
≻≼≽≾≿⊀⊁⊂⊃⊄⊅⊆⊇⊈⊉⊊⊋⊌⊍⊎⊏⊐⊑⊒⊓⊔⊕⊖⊗
⊘⊙⊚⊛⊜⊝⊞⊟⊡⊢⊣⊤⊥⊦⊧⊨⊩⊪⊫⊬⊭⊮⊯⊰⊱⊲⊳⊴⊵⊶
⊷⊸⊹⊺⊻⊼⊽⊾⊿⋀⋁⋂⋃⋄⋅⋆⋇⋈⋉⋊⋋⋌⋍⋎⋏⋐⋑⋒⋓⋔
⋕⋖⋗⋘⋙⋚⋛⋜⋝⋞⋟⋠⋡⋢⋣⋤⋥⋦⋧⋨⋩⋪⋫⋬⋭⋮⋯⋰⋱⋲⋳⋴
⋵⋶⋷⋸⋹⋺⋻⋼⋽⋾⋿

ኢትዮጵኛ፡ፊደሎች ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ሇ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ሏ ሐ ሑ 81             
ክ.3.20030827 52 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የኅርመት፡ክፍሎች። የዩኒኮድ፡ኅርመቶች። በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ብቻ፡የሚገኙ።

CHARACTER CATEGORIES UNICODE CHARACTERS WAZÉMA SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

Ethiopic alphabet ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ ሗ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ ሟ ሠ               
             
ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ ሧ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ሯ ሰ ሱ ሲ
              
ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ሷ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ ሿ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ              
ቆ ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ ቘ ቚ ቛ              
            
ቜ ቝ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ቧ ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ ቯ
              
ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ ቷ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ቿ ኀ ኁ              
ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ኗ              
ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ ኟ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ኧ ከ ኩ             
            
ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ             
ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ ዏ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ            
ዔ ዕ ዖ ዗ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ዟ ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ            
         
ዦ ዧ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ዯ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ዷ
         
ዸ ዹ ዺ ዻ ዼ ዽ ዾ ዿ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ ጇ ገ ጉ               
ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ ጘ ጙ ጚ ጛ ጜ ጝ ጞ ጟ              
            
ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ጧ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ
           
ጮ ጯ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ጷ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ጿ             
ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ ፇ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ ፏ ፐ ፑ ፒ               
ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ ፗ ፘ ፙ ፚ              
            
             
             
              
             
               
             
             
              
              
             
             
             
             
 

ኢትዮጵኛ፡የመቃኛ፡ ፟  ፟          
ምልክቶች

Ethiopic Combining
Marks

ኢትዮጵኛ፡ነጠብጣቦች ፠ ፡ ። ፣ ፤ ፥ ፦ ፧ ፨ ፠

Ethiopic Punctuations

ኢትዮጵኛ፡አኃዞች ፩ ፪ ፫ ፬ ፭ ፮ ፯ ፰ ፱ ፲ ፳ ፴ ፵ ፶ ፷ ፸            
፹ ፺ ፻ ፼            
Ethiopic digits &
    
Numbers
             
          
   

ኢትዮጵኛ፡የዜማ፡ ᎐ ᎑ ᎒ ᎓ ᎔ ᎕ ᎖ ᎗ ᎘ ᎙                          
ምልክቶችና፡ጭረቶች                             
                          
Ethiopic Tonal Marks

81 የ Unicode፡አቀማመር፡በ"ሀለሐመ"፡ተራ፡በመኾኑ፥ጥንታዊው፡የ"አበገደ"፡ተራ፡ከ"ሀለሐመ"ው፡ጋራ፡ተጨማሪ፡ኾኖ፡
በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡አቀማመር፡በግል፡አገልግሎት፡ክልል፡ውስጥ፡ተቀምሮ፡ታክሏል።በዚህ፡ረገድ፥ማለት፥የ"ሀለሐመ"ንና፡
የ"አበገደ"ን፡ተራ፡አንድጋ፡በማቅረብ፥ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡አንድያና፡የተሟላ፡አቀማመር፡ኾኗል።ዝርዝሩን፡በምዕራፍ፡7፡
ጠለቅ፡ብለን፡እናየዋለን።
ክ.3.20030827 53 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የኅርመት፡ክፍሎች። የዩኒኮድ፡ኅርመቶች። በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ብቻ፡የሚገኙ።

CHARACTER CATEGORIES UNICODE CHARACTERS WAZÉMA SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

& Church Music Notes                              

                            
                        
                          
                            
                             
                            
                             
                           
                             
             

         

        
82
ልዩ፡ልዩ፡ኆኅቶችና፡               ‐ - ‒ – — ― ‖
ነጠብጣቦች
‗ ‘ ’ ‚ ‛ “ ” „ ‟ † ‡ •
General Punctuations
‣ ․ ‥ … ‧ ‰ ‱ ′ ″ ‴ ‵ ‶

‷ ‸ ‹ › ※ ‼ ‽ ‾ ‿ ⁀ ⁁ ⁂ ⁃ ⁄

82 የተለያየ፡ስፋት፡ያላቸው፡ኆኅቶች፥(ስፋታቸው፡በብጫ፡ቀለም፡ተመልክቷል።)
ክ.3.20030827 54 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

የአኃዝ፡ሥርዐቶች•NUMBER SYSTEMS•SYSTEMES DE CHIFFRES

የቍጥር፡ስም የኢትዮጵያ፡ ጥንታዊ፡ ዘመናዊው፡ የቍጥር፡ስም የኢትዮጵያ፡ ጥንታዊ፡ ዘመናዊው፡

ቍጥር 83
የኢትዮጵያ፡ ቍጥር ቍጥር የኢትዮጵያ፡ ቍጥር

ቍጥር ቍጥር

አንድ ፩ አ 1 ኀምሳ ፶ ነ 50
ኹለት ፪ በ 2 ስድሳ ፷ ሠ 60
ሦስት ፫ ገ 3 ሰባ ፸ ዐ 70
አራት ፬ ደ 4 ሰማንያ ፹ ፈ 80
ዐምስት ፭ ሀ 5 ዘጠና ፺ ጸ 90
ስድስት ፮ ወ 6 መቶ ፻ ቀ 100
ሰባት ፯ ዘ 7 እልፍ ፼ እ 10 000
(ዐሥር፡ሺ)

ስምንት ፰ ሐ 8 አእላፍ ፲፼ የእ 100 000

(መቶ፡ሺ)

ዘጠኝ ፱ ጠ 9 አእላፋት ፻፼ ቀእ 1 000 000

(አንድ፡ሚልዮን)

ዐሥር ፲ የ 10 ትእልፊት ፲፻፼ ቈእ 10 000 000

(ዐሥር፡ሚልዮን)

ኻያ ፳ ከ 20 ትእልፊታት ፼፼ እእ 100 000 000

(መቶ፡ሚልዮን)

ሠላሳ ፴ ለ 30 ምእልፊት ፲፻፼፼ ቈእእ 100 000 000

(መቶ፡ቢልዮን) 000

አርባ ፵ መ 40 ምእልፊታት ፼፼፼ እእእ 1 000 000

(አንድ፡ትሪልዮን) 000 000

በጥንታዊው፡ልማድ፥ፊደሎች፡የአኃዝነትም፡ሟያ፡ነበራቸው።ላዕላይና፡ታሕታይ፡ሠረዝ፡መጨመሩ፡
ፊደልን፡ከአኃዙ፡ለመለየት፡ስለሚረዳ፥ባለሠረዝ፡አኃዛዊ፡ፊደሎች፡በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡(ግል፡
አገልግሎት፡ክልል•Private Use Area)፡እንደሚከተለው፡ታክለዋል፤

                            84።

ለምሳሌ፥2003፡ዓ.ም.ን፡፳፻፫፡ዓ.ም.፥ወይም፡በጥንታዊው፡የአኃዝ፡አጻጻፍ፡፡ዓ.ም.፡ብለን፥በኹለት፡
ዐይነት፡ልንጽፈው፡እንችላለን።ኾኖም፥ኹለተኛው፥ጥንት፡እንጂ፥በዘመናችን፡አልተለመደም።

83 ከጽርእ፡ፊደል፥ከ α፡(፩)፥β፡(፪)፥γ፡(፫)፥δ፡(፬)፥ε፡(፭)፥ζ፡(፮)፥...፡የተገኙ፥ወይም፡ተመልሰው፡የመጡ!
84 ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤መዝገበ፡ፊደል፥የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡ቋንቋ፡መክፈቻ፥አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡
አበባ፥1953፡ዓ.ም.፥ገጽ፡22-23።
ክ.3.20030827 55 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

4. ልምምድ•Exercises•Exercices
ከብዙ፡ሐተታ፡ይልቅ፥ዐጪር፡መለማመጃ፡ጕዳዩን፡በቀላሉ፡ለመገንዘብ፡ስለሚያስችል፥ጊዜ፡ሳናጠፋ፡ወደ፡
ልምምዱ፡እናምራ።

አ) በመዠመሪያ፥የሚፈልጉትን፡የመጻፊያ፡መግበር፡(እንደ፡OpenOffice ና፡እንደ፡Word፡ያለ፡ቃል-
ማሳኪያን፥አለዚያም፡እንደ፡Notepad፡ያለ፡ተርታ፡መጻፊያን)፡ያስነሡና፥

በ) ቀጥለው፥በ Tavultesoft፡Keyman፡አማካይነት፥ለማስሊያዎ፡የሚስማማውን፡የዋዜማ፡2003 ን፡መፍቻ-

ገበታ፡ይምረጡ፤(ለምሳሌ፥የማስሊያዎ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ያሜሪካው፡የኾነ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥"Wazéma2003 Pan-
Ethiopian Unicode Keyboard - US"፡የሚለውን፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ይምረጡ)፤

ገ) ከዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ቅርጸቶች፡አንዱን፡ይምረጡለት፥ለምሳሌ፡"A0 Desta Unicode"፡የተባለውን፡ቅርጸት።

አኹን፥ልምምዱ፡ሊዠምር፡ይችላል፤ለዚሁ፡ተብሎ፡ባላ 12፡ረድፍ፡ሙሉ፡መለማመጃ፡
ተሰናድቶልዎአል፤ረድፎቹን፡አንድ፡ባንድ፡ይውጧቸው።

ልምምዱን፡ከመዠመርዎ፡በፊት፥ለጥቆ፡የተመለከተውን፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡አሰታተር፡አንድ፡
አፍታ፡ያጥኑት፤ልምምድዎንም፡ኾነ፡የወደ፡ፊት፡ሥራዎን፡እጅግ፡የሚያገራልዎ፡ዋና፡ብልኀት፡ነው።

We will have a better and quicker grasp of Nous aurons une compréhension meilleure et
Wazéma by trying it out practically; so, let us rapide de Wazéma en l'essayant de manière
do the series of graded small exercises below. pratique; effectuons donc la série de douze
To that effect, petits exercices gradués ci-dessous. Pour ce
faire,
a) Start any word-processor, (OpenOffice,
Word, or even Notepad); a) Démarrez un traitement de texte de votre
choix, (OpenOffice, Word, voire même
b) Set the Wazéma2003  keyboard system on
Notepad);
by selecting from the Keyman pop-up menu
the "Wazéma2003 Pan-Ethiopian Unicode b) A partir du menu de Keyman, choisissez le
Keyboard" corresponding to your default clavier Wazéma2003  correspondant au
keyboard system (US, UK, Français, système de clavier par défaut de vôtre
Deutsch), as described earlier; ordinateur (clavier US, UK, Deutsch), soit,
"Wazéma2003 clavier Unicode pan-
c) Finally, set the word-processor's font to
éthiopien", comme on l'a vu plus-haut;
any one of the Wazéma2003  Unicode
c) Enfin, choisissez une police de caractère
fonts, say: "A0 Desta Unicode".
Unicode Wazéma2003 , soit, "A0 Desta
We may now start our work-out; but first let Unicode".
us try to memorise the Wazéma keyboard
Nous pouvons maintenant commencer l'exercice;
layout as indicated below: it will greatly
mais, auparavant, essayons un bref instant,
accelerate our learning process.
de mémoriser la disposition du clavier Wazéma
tel qu'il est indiqué ci-dessous : cela
accélérera notre processus d'apprentissage.




ክ.3.20030827 56 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

ምልከታ•Notation

ያመታቱ፡ስልት፡ለለማጅ፡በቀላሉ፡እንዲገነዘብ፡ሲባል፥የያንዳንዱ፡መፍቻ፡ምስል፡በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡
85
የ Unicode፡ቅርጸቶች፡ተሠርቶ፡ስለሚገኝ፥አመታቱን ፡በነዚሁ፡የመፍቻ፡ምስሎች፡መስ፟ለን፡እናቀርበዋለን።

ተከታትለው፥ነገር፡ግን፥አንዱ፡ከተከታዩ፡የማይያያዝ፡ኾነው፡የሚ፟መ፟ቱ፟ትን፡መፍቾች፥በመኻከላቸው፡ሰፋ፡ያላ፡
ኆኅት፡እየተውን፥አከታትለን፡እናመለክታቸዋለን፤ለምሳሌ፥

  

For a better illustration of the Wazéma typing Pour une meilleure illustration de la méthode de
method, actual drawings of each keyboard key frappe Wazéma, l'image de chacune des
(included in the Wazéma System  Unicode touches du clavier (incluse dans les polices de
fonts) are systematically used here. Those caractères Unicode Wazéma Système ) sera
keys that are typed independently of each utilisée systématiquement, dans ce qui suit.
other are printed with a relatively large space
Les touches frappées de manière indépendantes
between them, as in :
les unes des autres, seront représentées avec
   un espacement relativement élargi:

  

ተከታትለው፥ነገር፡ግን፥አንዱ፡ከተከታዩ፡በስልት፡የተያያዘ፡ኾነው፡የሚ፟መ፟ቱ፟ትን፡መፍቾች፡
ደግሞ፥አጠጋግተን፡እናመለክታቸዋለን።ለምሳሌ፦

    
ይኸውም፡"ኢትዮጵያ"ን፡ይጽፍልናል።

አንዲሁም፦መፍቻውን፡እንደተጫኑ፡ሳይለቁ፥ተከታዩን፡መፍቻ፡ወይም፡ተከታዮቹን፡መፍቻዎች፡ይምቱ፡
ለማለት፥ተጭነውት፡ከሚቈየው፡የቍጥጥር፡መፍቻ፡ቀጥሎ፡የሚከታተሉትን፡መፍቻዎች፡በክፈፍ፡መልክ፡
እናመለክታቸዋለን።ለምሳሌ፦


ይኸውም፡"ትዕግሥት"ን፡ይጽፍልናል።የፈረቃ፡መፍቻው፡፥እንደ፡፡ምልዋጥ፡ዅሉ፥ግእዙን፡ሳድስ፡
ያደርጋል፤ነገር፡ግን፥ሳድስ፡የሚኾነውን፡ፊደል-መፍቻ፡የምንመታው፡ን፡እንደተጫን፟፥ሳንለቀው፡መኾን፡
አለበት።

Dependent typing sequences, on the other Les séquences où, par contre, les frappes
hand, are represented closely arranged as in: sont dépendantes les unes des autres,seront
représentées avec un espacement moindre:
  
  
Those key sequences that occur while a
control key (, , or ) is being Les séquences de touches qui se succèdent,
pressed, are represented in OUTLINE style, as alors qu'une touche de contrôle (, ,
in : ou ) est tenue appuyée, seront
représentées en style CONTOUR comme suit:


The above writes "ትዕግሥት"። The 
control key transforms first order keys into Ce qui précède permet d'écrire "ትዕግሥት". La
6th order, if the keys are entered while  touche de contrôle  transforme les touches
is being pressed. de 1ier ordre en 6ième ordre, si elles sont

85 እነዚህ፡የመፍቻ፡ምስሎች፡በዋዜማ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡በቀጥታ፡ይጻ፟ፋሉ፤ለምሳሌ፡ን፡ለመጻፍ፥

ን፡
መምታት፤እንዲሁም፡ለሌሎቹ፡የመፍቻ፡ምስሎች።
ክ.3.20030827 57 ዋዜማ፡2003
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frappées alors que  est maintenue appuyée.

ልምምድ፡1፤ግእዝ፡ግእዙን•1st Order Alphabets•Alphabets du 1er ordre

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

አበቨገደጀሀወዘዠሐኀጠጨየከኸለመነኘሠዐፈጸፀቀረሰሸተቸጰፐ
ከመፍቻ፡፡ዠምሮ፡እስከ፡መፍቻ፡፥ከግራ፡ወደ፡ቀኝ፥ከላይ፡ወደ፡ታች፥አከታትሎ፡መምታት።

Type in succession, left-to-right, top-to- Frappez successivement, de gauche à droite,

bottom, key  to key . de haut en bas, chacune des touches, de 
à  .

ልምምድ፡2፤ከግእዝ፡እስከ፡ሳብዕ • All 7 Orders • Les 7 ordres

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

አኡኢኣኤእኦ
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

      
ይህ፥ለአልፉ፡አ፡የኾነው፡ያመታት፡ስልት፥ለቀሩት፡ፊደላትም፡ይውላል፤በዚሁ፡
ዐይነት፥"በቡቢባቤብቦ"ን፥"ገጉጊጋጌግጎ"ን፡ወዘተ...፡ለመጻፍ፡ይሞክሩ።

ልምምድ፡3፤ፊደልና፡ነጠብጣብ•Letters & Punctuations•Lettres & ponctuations

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

ሰው፡ማለት፥ኧረ፡ሰው፡ማለት፥

ሰው፡የኾነ፡ነው፡ሰው፡የጠፋ፡ዕለት።
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

          
     

            
      
Unicode፡ዘጠኝ፡ዐይነት፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ነጠብጣቦችን፡ቀምሯል፤እነዚህም፥"፡፣፥፤፧። ።፠ ፦፨"፡
ናቸው።ኹለት፡ነጥብና፡ነጠላ፡ሠረዝ፥ለየራሳቸው፡መፍቻ፡አላቸው፤ ና፡።

እያንዳንዳቸው፡ደግሞ፥ከፈረቃ፡መፍቻ፡፡ጋራ፡ሲመቱ፥በያንዳንዳቸው፡አራት፡ነጥብንና፡ድርብ፡ሠረዝን፡
ያጽ፟ፋሉ።

 ‣ ።

 ‣ ፤
የዋዜማ፡መፍቻ፡ገበታ፥ዘጠኙንም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ነጠብጣቦች፥በምልዋጦች፡አማካይነት፥በብዙ፡ዐይነት፡
መንገድ፡መምታን፡ያስችላል።ለምሳሌ፥በነጠላ-ሠረዘ፡ተለዋጭነት፤

 ‣ ፦

 ‣ ፡

 ‣ ፧

 ‣ ።
ክ.3.20030827 58 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
 ‣ ፠

 ‣ ፣

 ‣ ፥

 ‣ ፤

 ‣ ፨
ወይም፥በኹለት-ነጥብ፡ተለዋጭነት፤

 ‣ ፦

 ‣ ፡

 ‣ ፧

 ‣ ።

 ‣ ፠

 ‣ ፣

 ‣ ፥

 ‣ ፤

 ‣ ፨
ወይም፡ደግሞ፥በቍጥር-መፍቻዎች፡አማካይነት፤

 ‣ ፦

 ‣ ፡

 ‣ ፧

 ‣ ።

 ‣ ፠

 ‣ ፣

 ‣ ፥

 ‣ ፤

 ‣ ፨

፟ (፨)፥በፈረንጆች፡አጻጻፍ፡የሚገኝ፥የተሠረዘን፡መስቀል፡(፠)፡
የኢትዮጵያ፡ዘጠኝ-ነጥብ፡ይህ፡እያ፟ለ፡

የመሰለ፡ነጥብ፡በዩኒኮድ፡ደንብ፡በምትኩ፡ቀርቧል።ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ትኽክለኛውን፡ነጥብ፡(።፠)፡
ተክቷል።ከዚህም፡በላይ፥በጥንታውያን፡የብራና፡መጻሕፍትም፡ኾነ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡
ክርስቲያን፡የቅዳሴና፡የዜማ፡መጻሕፍት፥በጥቍርና፡በቀይ፡ቀለም፡ተመልክቶ፡የምናየውን፡ዘጠኝ፡ነጥብ፡
(።፠)፥በማስሊያም፡እንደዚሁ፡በኹለት፡ቀለም፡ለይቶ፡መጻፍ፡እንዲቻል፥ዘጠኝ-ነጥብ፡በኆኅት-አልቦ፡
(widthless)፡ዐምስት-ነጥብ፡በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ተተክቷል፤ስለዚህ፥ባለኹለት፡ሕብር፡ዘጠኝ-ነጥብን፡
ለመጻፍ፥አራት-ነጥብንና፡ዐምስት-ነጥብን፡አከታትሎ፡መምታትና፥ያምስት-ነጥብን፡ሕብር፡ወይም፡ቀለም፡ወደ፡
ቀይም፡ኾነ፡ወደ፡ሌላ፡ቀለም፡መለወጥ፡ይበቃል።ዘጠኝ፡ነጥብን፡ባንድ፡ሕብር፡መጻፍ፡ከተፈለገ፡
ደግሞ፥ባንድ፡ምት፡የሚመታውን፡ዘጠኝ፡ነጥብ፡(፨)፡መምታት፡ይቻላል።(የተሠረዘውን፡መስቀል፡(፠)፡
መጻፍ፡ለሚፈልጉ፡ደግሞ፥ባ 16-ዮሽ፡የዩኒኮድ፡ቀመር፡ቍጥር፡203B፡(ወይም፡ባ 10 ዮሽ፡የዩኒኮድ፡ቀመር፡
ቍጥር፡8251)፡ተቀምሮ፡ይገኛል፤በኅርመት፡ማውጫ፡(Character Map)፡አማካይነት፡ሊጻፍ፡ይችላል)።
ክ.3.20030827 59 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ልምምድ፡4፤ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች•Labio-Velars•Labio-vélaires
የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

ነኰርኳር
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

    
ወይም

    
ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎችን፡ለመምታት፥አስቀድሞ፡ምልዋጣቸውን፡ኹለት፡ጊዜ፡መቶ፟፥ቀጥሎ፡ግእዛቸውን፡መምታት።

በነካ፡እጅዎ፡"ጐጒጓጔጕ"ን፥"ኈኊኋኌኍ"ን፥"ቈቊቋቌቍ"ን፡ይምቱ፤እንዲሁም፡"ቧጓዷጇሇዟዧ..."ን።

ከዋዜማ፡2002 ፡ክለሳ፡2.2.፡አንሥቶ፥ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡ተጠቃለ፟ዋል፥ማለት፥እላይ፡ከተመለከቱት፡ዲቃላ፡
ፊደሎች፡ሌላ፥በ"በ"፡ቤት፣በ"ቨ"፡ቤት፣በ"ደ"፡ቤት፣...፡እስከ፡"ፐ"፡ቤት፡ድረስ፡ዐዳዲስ፡ዲቃላ፡
ፊደሎች፡በዋዜማ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ታክለዋል።ሲታከሉ፡ግን፥በደንበኛው፡ፊደላችን፡እስከ፡ዛሬ፡
አልነበሩምና፥በዋዜማ፡ቅርጸቶች፡እንጂ፥በሌሎች፡ቅርጸቶች፡አይገኙም።ስለዚህ፥ሲገለገሉባቸው፥ተነባቢነታቸው፡
በዋዜማ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ብቻ፡መኾኑን፡ዐውቆ፡ነው።ለዚሁ፡ጥንቃቄ፡ተብሎ፥አመታታቸው፡በመጠኑ፡ለየት፡
ብሏል።ለምሳሌ፥"ብዌክዌ"፡የሚለውን፡ቃል፥""፡ብሎ፡በዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡ለመጻፍ፦

 

ልምምድ፡5፤የኢትዮጵያ፡አኃዞች•Ethiopic Numerals•Chiffres éthiopiens

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

፩ ፪ ፫ ፬ ፲ ፳ ፴ ፵
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

       
ወይም፥

       

ወይም፡ደግሞ፥

     ...

እንዳያችኹት፥የኢትዮጵያን፡አኃዞች፡በኹለት፡ዐይነት፡መንገድ፡መምታት፡ይቻላል፤

● ወይ፤ምልዋጥ፡ን፡መቶ፟፡የአኃዛዊ፡ፊደልን፡መፍቻ፡መምታት፤

● ወይም፤የቀኝ፡ማማረጫ-መፍቻን፡ን፡እንደተጫኑ፡ሳይለቁ፥ተስማሚውን፡የቍጥር፡ጥፍጣፍ፡
መፍቻዎች፡ልጠቃ፡(ለምሳሌ፥ን)፡በተራ፡መምታት፤

● ወይም፡ደግሞ፤ንና፡ን፡አንድጋ፡ተጭኖ፥ን፥ን፥ን፡...፡በመምታት፡በቀላሉ፡
ካ፩፡እስካ፲፡ያሉትን፡አኃዞች፡መጻፍ፡ይቻላል፤ን፡ንና፡ን፡አንድጋ፡
ተጭኖ፥ን፥ን፡ወይም፡ን፡...፡በመምታት፡ደግሞ፡የቀሩትን፡ያሥርና፡የመቶ፡ቤት፡
አኃዞችን፡መጻፍ፡ይቻላል።

በኢትዮጵያ፡ጥንታዊ፡ያኃዝ፡ሥርዐት፡ዜሮ፡(0)፡የለም፤ስለዚህ፥ያቈጣጠር፡ስልቱ፡ከዘመናዊው፡ያሥርዮሽ፡
(ወይም፡decimal)፡ሥረዐት፡ይለ፟ያል
፟ ።ባሥርዮሽ፡ሥርዐት፡አኃዞች፡ባ 10፥በ 100፥በ 1000፥ባ 10000፥ወዘተ.፡
ቤቶች፡እየተባዙ፡ሲቀመሩ፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ጥንታዊ፡ሥርዐት፡ግን፡ባ 10፡(፲)፥በ 20፡(፳)፥በ 30፡(፴)፥ባ 40፡
(፵)፥ባ 50፡(፶)፥በ 60፡(፷)፥በ 70፡(፸)፥በ 80፡(፹)፥በ 90፡(፺)፥በ 100፡(፻)ና፡በእልፍ፡ወይም፡10000፡
(፼)፡ቤቶች፡እየተባዙ፡ይቀመራሉ።

ለምሳሌ፥ኻያ፡መቶ፡ኹለት፡ዓመተ፡ምሕረትን፡(፳፻፪/2002፡ዓ.ም.ን)፡ለመጻፍ፥
ክ.3.20030827 60 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
  
ብሎ፡መምታት፡ይቻላል፤አለዚያም፥

   ን።

ልምምድ፡6፤ሮማይስጥ፡ኅርመቶች•Latin Characters•Caractères latins

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

ፓሪስ፡(Paris)
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

     (   )
ወይም•or•ou bien

    (  
)
ወይም፡ደግሞ•or again•ou bien encore

    (  
)
ከዚያው፡ከዋዜማ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ሳይወጡ፥በኢትዮጵያም፡በሮማይስጥም፡ኅርመቶች፡በነዚህ፡በሦስቱ፡መንገዶች፡
ሊጽፉ፡ይችላሉ።ከዚህም፡ወዲያ፥በቀኝ-እግርጌ፡ያለውን፡ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ምስል፡በመጠቈሚያዎ፡አንድ፡
ጊዜ፡ቀጭ፡ሲያደርጉት፥የመፍቻ-ገበታ፡መምረጫ፡ይከሠታል፤"No Keyman Keyboard"፡የሚለውን፡
ሲመርጡ፥መፍቻ-ገበታው፡ወደ፡መደበኛው፡(ምዕራባዊ)፡የማስሊያዎ፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡ይቀየራል።

ልምምድ፡7፤አህጉራውያን፡ምልክቶች•International signs•Signes internationaux

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

open(_ሰነድ,write)
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

  (     
 ) 
ወይም•or•ou bien

  (     
 ) 
በማነኛውም፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡(ማለት፥በ US፥UK፥French፥German)፡የሚገኙት፡አህጉራውያን፡ምልክቶች፡
ዅሉ፡(ማለት፥፥`-=[];'#\,./!"£$‰^&*()_+{}:@~|<>?፡ወዘተ.)፥በዋዜማም፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡በና፡
በ፡አማካይነት፡በቀጥታ፡ይመ፟ታ፟ሉ፤ስለዚህ፥መፍቻ-ገበታውን፡ከዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ወደ፡
US፥UK፥French፡ወይም፡German፡መፍቻ-ገበታ፡መቀየር፡ወይም፡"No Keyman"ን፡መምረጥ፡ግድ፡
አያሠኝም።

ልምምድ፡8፤የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች•Ethiopian Languages•Langues éthiopiennes

አ) የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit፤

ዸዹዺዻዼዽዾ

ቐቑቒቓቔቕቖ

ጘጙጚጛጜጝጞ

ጸጹጺ
 ጻጼጽጾ
ክ.3.20030827 61 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

             

             

             

             

በማነኛቸውም፡ፊደል፡ላይ፡ላዕላይ-ሠረዝን፡ለማከል፡(ለምሳሌ፥ዘ፣ነ፣ረ፣ተ፣ወዘተ.)፡የሚከተለውን፡



መምታት፡ይበቃል።
ኦረምኛ፥ወይም፡በጥንታዊ፡አጠራሩ፥ጋልኛ፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፥ቢያንስ፥አንድ፡ተጨማሪ፡ፊደልን፡
አበርክቷል፥ይኸውም፡"ዸ"፡ነው።"ዸ"፡በ Unicode ም፡ተቀምሯል።ኾኖም፥ከ"ዸ"፡በፊት፡""፡ለዚሁ፡
ያገለግል፡ነበርና፥ማማረጫ፡እንዲሆነን፥""፡በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥በግ.አ.ክ.86፡
ውስጥ፥ተቀምሯል፤አመታቱም፡እላይ፡በተመለከተው፡ስልት፡ነው።

ትግርኛ፡ደግሞ፥"ቐ"ን፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡አበርክቷል።ይኸውም፡"ቐ"፡በ Unicode ም፡ተቀምሯል።

"ኸ"፡ፊደል፡በትግርኛና፡ባማርኛ፡በመጠኑ፡የሚለያዩ፡ድምፆች፡አሉት፤የትግርኛው፡ድምፅ፡በ"ሀ"ና፡በ"ከ"፡
መኻከል፡ሲኾን፥ያማርኛው፡ደግሞ፥ከ"ከ"፡ይልቅ፡ለ"ሀ"፡የሚቀርብ፡አለዚያም፡ፈጽሞ፡እንደ፡"ሀ"፡ያለ፡
ነው።ነገር፡ግን፥"ኸ"፡ባማርኛ፡ዅል፡ጊዜም፡ቢኾን፡የሚውለው፡"ከ"ን፡በመውረስ፡
ነው፤ለምሳሌ፥በግእዝ፡"ኮነ"፡ያልነውን፡ባማርኛ፡"ኾነ"፡ብለን፡በ"ኸ"፡እንጽፈዋለን፡እንጂ፥"ሆነ"፡
ወይም፡"ሖነ"፡ወይም፡ደግሞ፡"ኆነ"87፡ብለን፡አንጽፈውም፤ብንጽፈውም፡በስሕተት፡ነው፤እንደዚሁም፡
በግእዝ፡"ባረኩከ"፡ያለውን፡ባማርኛ፡"ባረኩኽ"፡ብለን፡በ"ኸ"፡እንጽፈዋለን88።በዚሁ፡መንገድ፥"ይህ"፡
ብለን፡"ይኸ"፡ስንል፡"ኸ"፡መጻፋችን፡የ"ኸ"ን፡ድምፅ፡የሚያመለክት፡ፊደል፡በሀሌታው፡ሀ፡ቤት፡በማጣታችን፡
እንጂ፥"ይኸ"፡ብሎ፡መጻፉ፡ባልተገባ፡ነበር።እንደዚሁ፡"በረሓ"፡ብሎ፡"በረኸኛ"፡መጻፍ፡በ"ሐመሩ-ሐ"፡
ቤት፡የ"ኸ"፡ድምፅ፡ባለመኖሩ፡እንጂ፥ተገቢውስ፡"በረኛ"፡ብሎ፡መጻፉ፡ነበር።

ይንኑ፡በመገንዘብ፥በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡""፡""፡""፡ዐዳዲስ፡ፊደሎች፡ታክለዋል።አኹንም፥መጽደቅ፡
አለመጽደቃቸው፡በሀገራዊ፡ሥልጣን፡ታይቶ፡ወደ፡ፊት፡የሚወሰን፡ይኾናል፤አስፈላጊነታቸው፡ግን፡ካኹኑ፡
ተረጋግጧል።

ልምምድ፡9፤የፊደል፡መቃኛዎች•Diacritical Marks•Signes diacritiques

አ) የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit፤

ርስት፟ (ረሳ)

ርስት (ርስት፡አበጀ)

ነጆ፟
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

  (ወይም፡)

  

  

ዐማርኛም፡ኾነ፡ግእዝ፣ኦረምኛ፣ተግርኛ፡ወዘተ.፥የማጥበቅና፡የማላላት፡ልማድ፡አላቸው፤ለምሳሌ፥ባማርኛ፥

"ርስት፡አደረገ"፡(ረሳ)ና፡

"ርስት፡አደረገ"፡(ርስት፡አበጀ)፡

86 ግ.አ.ክ፤"የግል፡አገልግሎት፡ክልል"•Private Use Area፡(P.U.A.)።

87 "ኆነ"፡እንኳ፡ምናልባት፡ያስኬድ፡ይኾናል፥"ኀ"ና፡"ኸ"፡ስለሚወራረሱ፤ኾኖም፥ዋናው፡ወራሽ፡እያለ፟፡ወደ፡ሌላ፡
አያስኬድም።
88 ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡(አለቃ)፥ዐዲስ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበበ፥1962፡ዓ.ም.።
ክ.3.20030827 62 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
አረፍተ፡ነገሮቹ፥ምንም፡ባጻጻፍ፡አንድ፡ቢኾኑ፥በመጥበቅና፡በመላላት፥ትርጕማቸው፡ይለያያል።ይዘት፡
የተሠኘ፡ማጥበቂያ፡ምልክት፡አለ፤ይው፡ማጥበቂያ፡ምልክት፡በ Unicode፡ተቀምሯል።ነገር፡
ግን፥ትውፊታዊው፡ይዘት፡( ፟)፡ባላንድ፡ነጥብ፡መኾኑ፡እየታወቀ፥የኢትዮጵያን፡ቋንቋዎች፡አጥኚ፡ፈረንጆች፡
ባለኹለት፡ነጥቡን፡( ፟ )፡በይዘት፡ምልክትነት፡ከኀምሳ፡ዓመት፡ወዲህ፡ሠርተውበታል፡በሚል፡ተገቢነት፡
የሌለው፡ምክንያት፥ባለኹለት፡ነጥቡን፡ይዘት፡በ Unicode፡ደንብ፡ውስጥ፡በጕልበት፡አጽንተውብናል።ዋዜማ፡
ሥርዐት ፡ኢትዮጵያዊውን፡ባላንድ፡ነጥብ፡ማጥበቂያ፡ቀምሯል።ይህን፡የመሳሰሉ፡መጋፋቶች፡በ Unicode፡
ደንብ፡ውስጥ፡ዐልፎ፡ዐልፎ፡ይታያሉ።ምክንያቱ፡ሌላ፡አይደለም፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡እግዚእናውን፡ገና፡
አላስከበረምና፥"አላዋቂ፡ቤት፡እንግዳ፡ናኘበት"፡ያሉት፡ደርሶብን፡ይመስላል።ዐዋቂዎችስ፡ሞልተዋል፤እኀላፊነቱ፡
ቦታ፡የሚያስደርሳቸው፡የለም፡እንጂ።ይንኑ፡ችግር፥የመፍትሔውንም፡ተፈላጊነት፡ወረድ፡ብለን፡በምዕራፍ፡7፡
እንመለስበታለን።

የማላሊያ፡ምልክት፡አስፈላጊነት፡አያጠራጥርም።ለምሳሌ፥ባለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡
ውስጥ፥መጥበቅ፡የሚገባቸውን፡ፊደላት፡በቅንፍ፡(ጥ)፡ብለው፡ያመለክቱባቸዋል፤የይዘት፡ምልክት፡( ፟)፡
በማተሚያ፡ቤተ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ባለመኖሩ፡እንጂ፥በብራና፡ጽሑፍ፡ይዘት፡የተለመደ፡አገልግሎት፡
ነበረው።ለማላላት፡ደግሞ፥(ላ)፡የሚል፡ምልክት፡አመልክተውበት፡ይታያል።

ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ከመሠረቱ፥ማለት፥ከክለሳ፡1.0፡አንሥቶ፥የማጥበቂያም፡የማላሊያም፡ምልክቶችን፡
አሟልቶ፡አቅርቧል።

የማላሊያ፡ምልክት፡( )፡በ Unicode፡ደንብ፡ውስጥ፡አልታከለም፤ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡እግ.አ.ክ.፡ውስጥ፡

ምልክቱን፡ቀምሮታል።የማጥበቂያንም፡ኾነ፡የማላሊያን፡ምልክት፡አገልግሎት፡ለመገንዘብ፡ያኽል፥የሚከተለውን፡
እንመልከት፤

መሳ፟ይ፡(ምስል፡የሚሠራ፥የሚመስ፟ል) / መሳይ፡(የሚመስል)፤

አሰ፟የ፟ፈ፡(በሰይፍ፡አስመታ) / አሰየ፟ፈ፡(በሰያፍ፡አካኼድ፡ኼደ)፤

የጦር፡ዐቅድ / የልማት፡ዕቅ፟ድ፤

አማካይ፡(የሚያማክ፟ል) / አማ፟ካኝ፡(የሚያመ፟ካኝ)፤

አለ ፡ወይም፡ ዐለ፡(ተናገረ) / አለ፟፡(በሕይወት፡አለ፟)፤

ፊደልን፡መጠንቀቅ / ከስሕተት፡መጠ፟ንቀቅ

ሲገዙ፡ይገ፟ዙ፟፤ሲገ፟ዙ፡
፟ ይገዙ።

ምልክቶቹ፥አሻሚ፡የኾነ፡ጽሑፍ፡አገላለጽን፡ለመለየት፡አስፈላጊ፡ሲኾኑ፡እንጂ፡ለዘወትር፡አገልግሎት፡
አያሹ፟ም።በተለይ፥ለመዝገበ፡ቃላት፥ለውል፡ሰነድ፥የልዩ፡ልዩ፡ቋንቋዎችን፡ቃላት፡በትኽክለኛ፡ድምፃቸው፡
መመዝገብ፡በሚያስፈልግበት፡ዅሉ፥መቃኛ፡ምልክቶች፡እጅግ፡ያገለግላሉ።

በ) የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit፤

ሰዲ (ሦስት፥በኦረምኛ)

አቤ (አባቴ፥በሱማልኛ)

የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

   (ወይም፡)

  
ኦረምኛና፡ሱማልኛ፥እንዳረብኛ፡ዅሉ፥የፊደልን፡ድምፅ፡የማርዘም፡ልማድ፡አላቸው።
ለምሳሌ፥በኦረምኛ፥"ሦስት"፡ሲል፡"ሰዲ"፡ይላል፤ነገር፡ግን፥"ዲ"፡ይረዝማል።ማርዘሚያ፡ምልክት፥በዜማ፡
ካልኾነ፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡እስካኹን፡አልነበረም።ከዜማ፡ጭረቶች፡ውስጥ፡ተመሳሳይ፡ሟያ፡ያላቸው፡
ምልክቶች፡ስላሉ፡(ለምሳሌ፡ድፋት፡ )፥በቀላሉ፡ለዚህ፡ሟያ፡ልናውላቸው፡እንችላለን።ፊደልን፡የማርዘም፡
ልማድ፡በግእዝ፡ቋንቋም፡ጥንት፡እንደ፡ነበረ፡ይነገራል፤ይህም፡ሊታወቅ፥
ክ.3.20030827 63 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ሀሌታው፡ሀ-ግእዝ፡ከሃ-ራብዕ፥

ሐመሩ፡ሐ-ግእዝ፡ከሓ-ራብዕ፥

ኀርሙ፡(ወይም፡ብዙኃኑ)፡ኀ-ግእዝ፡ከኃ-ራብዕ፥

አልፉ፡አ-ግእዝ፡ከኣ-ራብእ፥

ዐይኑ፡ዐ-ግእዝ፡ከዓ-ራብዕ፥

በመልክ፡የተለያዩትን፡ያኽል፡በሟያ፡አኹንም፡ቢኾን፡ይለያያሉ፤በድምፅ፡ደግሞ፥ባኹኑ፡ዘመን፡አንድ፡
ቢመስሉን፥በጥንቱ፡አነጋገር፡ይለያዩ፡እንደ፡ነበር፡ሊቃውንት፡ያስረዳሉ።ራብዑ፡የበለጠ፡አፍን፡ያስከፍታል፤ይህ፡
በዐረብኛ፡አኹን፡ድረስ፡አለ።ለምሳሌ፥በግእዝ፡(ባማርኛ)፡ዘሩን፡"ገበረ"፡ብለን፥ሣልስ፡ቅጽሉን፡"ገባሪ"፡
ስንል፥በ-ግእዝን፡በባ-ራብዕ፡እንተካዋለን።እንደዚሁ፥"ጸሐፈ"፡ብለን፥ሣልስ፡ቅጽሉን፡"ጸሓፊ"፡ስንል፡ሐ-
ግእዝን፡በሓ-ራብዕ፡እንተካዋለን፤ሓ-ራብዕ፡እንግዲህ፡ረዥም፡ሐ-ግእዝ፡ወይም፡ሐ፡መኾኑ፡ነው።

ዐረብኛም፥ዘሩን፡‫صحف‬፡(ጸሐፈ)፡ብሎ፡በ ‫ح‬-ግእዝ፡የጻፈውን፥ሣልስ፡ቅጽሉን፡‫صحافي‬፡("ጺሓፊዪ፟")፡ብሎ፡በ ‫حا‬-

ራብዕ፡ይጽፈዋል፤መጻፍ፡ብቻም፡አይደል፥አርዝሞ፡ያነበዋል።ለኦረምኛም፡ፊደልን፡ማርዘሚያ፡ራብዑ፡በበቃ፡
ነበር፤ዳሩ፡ግን፥ካዕብም፥ሣልስም፡ኃምስም፥ሳብዕም፡የሚረዝሙበት፡ቃላት፡በኦረምኛ፡ይገኛሉ፡
(ለምሳሌ፥"አቦሙ"፡ወይም፡ባማርኛ፥"ማዘዝ")።ስለዚህ፥እንደ፡ኦረምኛና፡ሱማልኛ፡ያሉ፡የኢትዮጵያን፡
ቋንቋዎች89፥እንዲሁም፡የባዕድን፡ቋንቋዎች፡በፊደላችን፡አሟልተን፡ለመጻፍ፥የተለየ፡የማርዘሚያ፡ምልክት፡በግድ፡
ያስፈልገናል።ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፥ድፋት፡የተሠኘውን፡የዜማ፡ጭረት፡የሚመስል፡ምልክት፡ ፥ለማርዘሚያ፡ሟያ፡
አውሎታል፤ማማረጫ፡የሚኾኑ፡እንደ፡ ፡ያሉ፡ሌሎች፡ምልክቶችም፡ይገኛሉ።

የአ-ሀ-ሐ-ኀ-ዐ-ግእዝና፡የኣ-ሃ-ሓ-ኃ-ዓ-ራብዕ፡ሟያ፡እላይ፡የተገለጸው፡መኾኑ፡እየታወቀ፥ከኻያኛው፡ምእት፡
ዓመት፡አጋማሽ፡አንሥቶ፥ምዕራባውያን፡ኀይሎች፡ትግርኛን፣ኦረምኛን፣ዐፈርኛን፣ወዘተ.፥ከግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡
ለመለያየት፡ሲሉ፥አ-ሀ-ሐ-ኀ-ዐ፡በትግርኛ፥በኦረምኛና፡በዐፈርኛ፡የ"ኧ-ኸ"፡ድምፅ፡እንዲኖራቸው፡በጣልቃ-
ገብነት፡አስደርገዋል።ለምሳሌ፥"አኵስም"፡የሚለው፡ስም፥በትግርኛ-ኦረምኛ-ዐፈርኛ-ወዘተ.፡"ኣኵስም"፡ተብሎ፡
ካልተጻፈ፡በቀር፡"አኵስም"፡ተብሎ፡በ"አ-ግእዝ"፡ተስተካክሎ፡የተጻፈ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥"ኧኵስም"፡ተብሎ፡ይነበባል፡
ማለት፡ነው፤እንደዚሁም፥"አበበ"፡የሚለው፡ስም፥"ኣበበ"፡ተብሎ፡ካልተጻፈ፡በቀር፡"ኧበበ"፡ተብሎ፡ይነበባል፡
ማለት፡ነው፤"አ-ግእዝ"፥አለጠባዩና፡አለልማዱ፥በ"ኧ"፡ድምፅ፡ይድመጥ፡ተብሎ፡በምዕራባውያን፡ተወስኖብናልና፡
ነው።የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ለዚህ፡ዲያብሎሳዊ፡የከፋፍለኽ፡ግዛ፡ስልት፡ራሱን፡የሚያሰላበት፡ምክንያት፡
የለውምና፥አይቀበለውም።አንድ፡ያደረገን፡ፊደላችን፥እባዕድ፡እጅ፡ገብቶ፥ተመልሶ፡አይከፋፍለንም።

በዚሁ፡መንፈስ፥ምዕራባውያን፥በጣልቃ-ገብነት፥የሮማይስጥን፡ፊደል፡ለኦረምኛ፥ለሱማልኛ፥ለዐፈርኛና፡
ለሌሎችም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፡መጻፊያ፡እንዲኾን፡በእጅ-አዙር፡አስደርገዋል፤ይ፡ግን፥ከሕዝብ፡ፈቃድ፡
ውጭ፡በመኾኑ፥አግባብ፡አይደለም፤ጽናትም፡የለው።ከዚህም፡ጋራ፥

• አንደኛ፥የነዚህን፡ቋንቋዎች፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ልዩ፡ድምፆች፡(እንደ፡"ቀ"፥"ጨ"፥"ጸ"፡"ጰ"፡ያሉትን)፡
የሮማይስጡ፡ፊደል፡ቢያጽ፟ፍም፥ሊያሰማቸው፣ሊያደምጣቸው፡አይችልም፤ውጤቱ፡አሻሚ፡ይኾናል፡
(ለምሳሌ፡"k"ና፡"q"፡ለ"ከ"ም፡ለ"ቀ"ም፡ይውላሉ)።

• ኹለተኛ፥የሮማይስጥ፡አጻጻፍ፡የፊደል፡ብክነት፡አለው፤የኢትዮጵያ፡አጻጻፍ፡በሦስት፡የፊደል፡ቅንጣት፡
የሚጽፈውን፥ሮማይስጡ፡ዐምስት፡ፊደል፡አይበቃውም፤ለምሳሌ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፡"ጋፈቹ"፡(መጠየቅ)፡
ብሎ፡በሦስት፡ፊደልና፡አንድ፡ጭረት፡የሚያጽ፟ፈውን፡የኦረምኛ፡ቃል፥የሮማይስጡ፡አጻጻፍ፡"gaafachu"፡
ብሎ፡ስምንት፡ፊደል፡ይፈጃል።

ሱማልኛ፡ደግሞ፥በመሠረቱ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ቋንቋ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ኵሻውያትም፡ሴማውያትም፡ቃላት፡አሉት።በተለይ፡
ደግሞ፥በእስልምና፡ሃይማኖት፡ምክንያት፥የዐረብኛ፡ቃላት፡በሱማልኛ፡ከፍ፡ያለ፡ድርሻ፡
አላቸው።ዐረብኛ፥"አልፉ፡-አ"ንና፡"ዐይኑ-ዐ"ን፡በድምፅ፡ይለያል፤እንዲሁም፥"ሀሌታው-ሀ"ን፣"ሐመሩ-
ሐ"ንና፡"ኀርሙ-ኀ"ን።

የፊደል፡ስም አልፍ ዐይን ሆይ፡(ሀሌታ) ሐመር ኀርም

የፊደሉ፡መልክ፡ አ = ‫ا‬ ዐ = ‫ء‬ ሀ = ‫ھ‬ ሐ = ‫ح‬ ኀ = ‫خ‬
በኢትዮጵኛና፡በዐረብኛ

ለኹለቱም፡አጻጻፍ፡ጥራትና፡ቅልጥፍና፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፡ከምንም፡ምን፡ያመቻል፤አጻጻፍን፡ይቈጥባል፥ድምፅን፡
በትኽክል፡ያነባል፥ፊደልን፡ይጠነቅቃል።

ለጥቆ፡የተመለከቱት፡ቃላት፡ያስረዱናል፦

89 ባማርኛም፡ቢኾን፡ፊደል፡ረዝሞ፡የሚነብበት፡ጊዜ፡አይጠፋም፤ለምሳሌ፥"ያልቃል"፡(ይጨረሳል)፥"ያልቃል"፡(ያበልጣል)።
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የሱማልኛ፡ቃል፡ የሱማልኛ፡ቃል፡ ትርጕም የፊደል የድምፅ፣የፊደልና፡የትርጕም፡ትኽክልነት
በኢትዮጵኛ፡ጻሕፍ በሮማይስጥ፡ጻሕፍ ፡
ቍጠባ
(የፊደል፡ብዛት) (የፊደል፡ብዛት)

ላ፡አቅባላይ፡(6) La aqbalay፡(9) መቀበል -33%

ሒሳብ፡(3) Hisaab፡(6) ሒሳብ -50% ኢትዮጵኛው፡"ሒሳብ"፡ብሎ፡በሐመሩ-ሐ፡ፊደልን፡ጠንቅቆ፡

ሲያጽፍ፥ሮማይስጡ፡አይለይም።"ሀ"፣"ሐ"፣"ኀ"፡በመልክም፡
Xisaab፡(6)
በድምፅም፡ይለ፟ያ፟ሉ፤የሮማይስጥ፡"h"፡ግን፡ብቸኛ፡በመኾኑ፡አሻሚ፡
ነው፤ለሦስቱ፡ድምፆች፡አይመጥንም።ኾኖም፥ችግሩን፡
ለማስወገድ፥"X"ን፡ለ"ሐ"፡ድምፅ፡ስላዋሉት፥"Xisaab"፡ተብሎ፡
ይጻፋል።ችግሩ፡ግን፥"X"፡ለኦረምኛ-"ቁቤ"፡የ"ጠ"ን፡ሟያ፡
ስለሚውል፥ተጨማሪ፡ችግር፡ፈጥሯል፦ሱማልኛ፡"ሙሐመድ"፡
ሲል፡"Muxammed"፡ብሎ፡የጻፈውን፥የኦረምኛ-"ቁቤ"፡
አንባቢ፡"ሙጣመድ"፡ብሎ፡ያነበዋል!

ባቃል፡(3) Baqal፡(5) በቅሎ -40% የሮማይስጥ፡"q"፡"ከ"ም፡"ቀ"ም፡ተብሎ፡ሊነበብ፡ይችላልና፥ያሻማል።

ቢሲል፡(3) Bisil፡(5) ብስል -40% የሮማይስጥ፡"i"፡እንደ፡ሣልስም፣እንደ፡ሳድስም፡ሊነበብ፡

ይችላልና፥ያሻማል።

ቦቆር፡(3) Boqor፡(5) በኵር -40%

ዳራጆ፡(3) Darajo፡(6) ደረጃ -50% የሮማይስጥ፡"j"፡"ዠ"ም፡"ጀ"ም፡ተብሎ፡ሊነበብ፡ይችላልና፥ያሻማል።

ዶሮ፡(2) Dooro፡(5) ዶሮ -60%

ባንድ፡ቃል፥የሮማይስጡ፡ጻሕፍ፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ቃንቋዎች፡አይመጥናቸውም፡ብሎ፡መደምደም፡ይቻላል።

ለጊዜው፡ይህ፡መከ፟ፋፈል፡ቢታይም፥ለዘለቄታው፡የሚያሠጋ፡አይኾንም፤የማታ፡ማታ፥ለቋንቋው፡ዐብሮ፡በቀል፡
የኾነው፣የሚስማማውና፡የቀለጠፈው፡ይረታል፤ሮማይስጡን፡ፊደል፡ግን፡በከንቱ፡ያስገምተዋል።

ለግእዝ፡ያነባበብ፡ስልት፡ማመልከቻ፡ወይም፡መማሪያ፡የሚረዱ፡የፊደል፡መቃኛ፟ዎች፡በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡
ይገኛሉ፦

1) ተነሽ፥(ድምፅን፡የሚያስነሣ፥በኀይለ፡ቃል፡የሚነገር)፤ለምሳሌ፥ቀተለ፤

2) ወዳቂ፥(ድምፅን፡የሚያወድቅ፡"የሚያቈላምጥ")፤ለምሳሌ፥ብእሲ፤

3) ሰያፍ፥(ዐመሉ፡እንደ፡ተነሽ፡ኾኖ፥ከመጨረሻ፡ሳድስ፡ፊደል፡በፊት፡የሚውል)፥ለምሳሌ፥ገብርኤል፤

4) ተጣይ፡(ዐመሉ፡እንደ፡ወዳቂ፡ኾኖ፥ከመጨረሻ፡ሳድስ፡ፊደል፡በፊት፡የሚውል)፥ለምሳሌ፥ቀድሶት፤

አመታታቸውም፡፡እና፡፡ነው፥ወይም፡፡እና፡።

የኢትዮጵያ፡አጻጻፍ፣ኢትዮጵኛ፥ላፍሪቃ፡ቋንቋዎችም፡እጅግ፡ሊጠቅም፡ይችላል፤

• አንደኛ፥ሮማይስጥ፡የማይሰጣቸውን፡የድምፅ፡ዐይነቶች፡ኢትዮጵኛ፡በመደበኛነት፡ያሟላላቸዋል፤

• ኹለተኛ፥ባማካይ፡50%፡ባነሰ፡የፊደል፡መጠን፡ማንኛውንም፡ቃል፡ያጽፍላቸዋል፤

• ሦስተኛ፥ፊደላቱ፡የድምፅ፡አሻሚነት፡የላቸውም።

ለምሳሌ፥"ሷሂሊ"፡ለተባለው፡የምሥራቅ፡አፍሪቃ፡ቋንቋ፥ኢትዮጵኛው፡ጻሕፍ፡ምንኛ፡ሊጠቅመው፡እንደሚችል፡
እንመልከት፦

እንግሊዝኛው፡በሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡ለጥቆ፡የተመለከተው፡የተባበሩት፡መንግሥታት፡ብሔራዊ፡የሰው፡ልጅ፡
መብቶች፡ገለጻ፡አንደኛ፡አንቀጽ፦

"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason
and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)፡የሷሂሊ፡ትርጓሜው፡በሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡ሲጻፍ፡ደግሞ፦

"Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote

wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu."

ቃሉ፡98፡የሮማይስጥ፡ፊደሎችን፡ፈጅቷል፤በኢትዮጵኛ፦
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"ዋቱ፡ዎቴ፡ዋሜዛሊዋ፡ሑሩ፥ሀዲ፡ና፡ሀኪ፡ዛኦ፡ኒ፡ሳዋ።ዎቴ፡ዋሜጃሊዋ፡
አኪሊ፡ና፡ዳሚሪ፥ሂቪዮ፡ያፓዛ፡ዋቴንዴአኔ፡ኪንዱጉ።"

ብለን፡ስንጽፈው፥51፡ፊደሎች፡ብቻ፡ይበቁታል፤ከሮማይስጡ፡47፡ፊደላት፡ቀንሶልናል፡(-52%)።ባማካይ፡
ያ 50%፡የጽሑፍ፡መጠን፡ቅናሽ፡በመላ፟፡ምሥራቅ፡አፍሪቃ፡ደረጃ፡ሲታሰብ፡እንግዲህ፥በወረቀት፡ብዛት፣በቀለም፡
ፍጆታ፣በማጓጓዣ፡ወጪ፣በመደብር፡መጠን፣በንባብ፡ፍጥነት፣ባጻጻፍ፡ቅልጥፍና፡ወዘተ.፥የሚያስገኘው፡
ቍጠባና፡ምቾት፡ዕጥፍ፡ድርብ፡ይኾናል።ለምሳሌ፥በ"ቁቤ"፡ሲጻፍ፡2000፡ገጽ፡የሚኾነው፡የሷሂሊ፡መጽሐፍ፡
ቅዱስ፥በኢትዮጵኛ፡1000፡ገጽ፡ይበቃዋል፤1፡ኪሎ፡ይከብድ፡የነበረው፥የኪሎ፡እኩሌታን፡ይቀንሳል፤ጽሑፉ፡
ረቆ፟፡የነበረው፥ጐላ፡ጐላ፡ብሎ፡ይታተማል፤ጠቅላላው፡ጽሑፍ፡20MB፡የነበረው፥ወዳ 10MB፡
ይወርዳል፤"download"ና፡"upload"፡የዚያኑ፡ያኽል፡ይፈጥናሉ፤...።

እዚያ፡ለመድረስ፡ግን፥ኢትዮጵያ፡አስቀድማ፡በኹለት፡እግሮቿ፡መቆም፡ይኖርባታል።

ልምምድ፡10፤የዜማ፡ምልክቶች•Church Music Notation•Notes musicales de l'Église

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit፤

ለ᎖ጽድቅ
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

    

ወይም•or•ou bien

   

የኢትዮጵያ፡ኦርቶዶክስ፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፡ትውፊታውያን፡የዜማ፡ጭረቶች፡ከሞላ፟፡ጐደ፟ል፡ዘጠኝ፡
ናቸው፤

ስም ምልክት ያመታት፡ስልት፡(1) ያመታት፡ስልት፡(2)

ይዘት፤ ᎐  

ርክርክ፤ ᎓  

ርክርክ፤ ᎒  

ደረት፤ ᎑  

ድፋት፤ ᎔  

ጭረት፤ ᎕  

ቅናት፤ ᎖  

ኺደት፤ ᎘  

ቍርጥ፤ ᎙  
ዘጠኙም፡የዜማ፡ጭረቶች፡በ Unicode፡ተቀምረዋል፤ነገር፡ግን፥ከጭረቶች፡ሌላ፥በፊደል፡የሚመለከቱት፡
የዜማ፡ምልክቶች፡(ወይም፡ስረዮች)፡በ Unicode፡ዐብረው፡ስላልተቀመሩ፥ባኹኑ፡ኹኔታው፡Unicode፡
የኢትዮጵያን፡ዜማ፡ምልክቶች፡አሟልቶ፡አያጽፍም።ይንኑ፡በመገንዘብ፥ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ተጨማሪ፡የዜማ፡
ምልክቶችን፡በግል፡አገልግሎት፡ክልል፡(ግ.አ.ክ.፡ወይም፡Private Use Area)፡ውስጥ፡ዅሉንም፡የፊደል፡
ምልክቶች፡በነቂስ፡ቀምሯቸዋል።ከ"አ"፡እስከ፡"ፖ"፡ያሉት፡ፊደሎች፡(ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎችንም፡
ጨምሮ)፥እንዲሁም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡አኃዞች፡(፩፡፪፡፫፡፬፡፭፡፮፡፯፡፰፡ወዘተ.)ና፡ነጠብጣቦች፥በዜማ፡ምልክት፡
ቅጽ፡ተቀርጸው፥በዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ውስጥ፡ታክለዋል።አመታታቸውም፡ቀላል፡ነው፤እላይ፡
እንዳየነው፥የዜማ፡ልምክቱን፡ለማመልከት፥ምልዋጡን፡3፡ጊዜ፡መቶ፟፥የፊደሉን፡መፍቻ፡አንዴ፡
መምታት።የዜማ፡ጭረቶችን፡ለማመልከት፡ደግሞ፥ሣልስ-ምልዋጥን፡አንዴ፡መቶ፡ከቍጥር፡ጠፍጣፍ፡(Numeric
Keypad)፡የተፈለገውን፡መፍቻ፡መምታት።

የሚከተለው፡ሙሉ፡ማስረጃ፡ይሰጣል፤
ክ.3.20030827 66 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ይ.ሕ.፤ ኵሉ፡ዘገ፟ብራ፡ለ᎖ጽድቅ፡ጻድቅ፡ውእቱ፡ወዘ᎖ያከብር፡ሰንበተ።፠
ይ.ሕ.፤ ኵሉ፡ዘገ፟ብራ፡ለ᎖ጽድቅ፡ጻድቅ፡ውእቱ፡ወዘ᎖ያከብር፡ሰንበተ።፠

ይ.ሕ.፤ ኵሉ፡ዘገ፟ብራ፡ለ᎖ጽድቅ፡ጻድቅ፡ውእቱ፡ወዘ᎖ያከብር፡ሰንበተ ።፠
ልምምድ፡11፤ተመለካካች•Mutual Transliteration•Translittération mutuelle
የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit፤

You see?
tu vois?
የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

    

 

   

ወይም•or•ou bien፡

   

"ተመላላሽ"፡ያጻጻፍ፡ፈሊጥ፥የባዕድ፡አገርን፡ቋንቋዎችና፡ጽሕፈታቸውን፡ለመማር-ማስተማርም፡
ኾነ፥ድምፃቸውን፡በትኽክል፡ለማድመጥና፡ለመመዝገብ፡ይጠቅማል።

ልምምድ፡12፤ጥንታዊ፡የኢትዮጵያ፡አጻጻፍ•Proto-Ethiopic Writing•Écriture éthiopienne ancienne

የሚከተለውን፡ለመጻፍ•to write the following•pour écrire ce qui suit:

 (ንጉሥ፡አርማሕ)

የሚከተለውን፡መምታት•type the following•frappez ce qui suit፤

 

 

 

 
(ማስጠንቀቂያ፤"ሳባዊ"፡የሚባለው፡ጥንታዊው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፡በ Unicode፡ገና፡ስላልተቀመረ፥በዋዜማ፡
ሥርዐት ፡ቅርጸቶች፡ብቻ፡እንጂ፥በሌሎች፡ቅርጸቶች፡በዚሁ፡አቀማመር፡አይገኝም፥ወይም፡አካቴውን፡
ፈጽሞ፡አይገኝም።)
ክ.3.20030827 67 ዋዜማ፡2003
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5. ተደጋጋሚ፡ጥያቄና፡መልሱ
Frequently asked questions•Des questions fréquemment posées

5.1. ዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ከቀድሞዎቹ፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ክለሳዎች፡(በተለይ፡ከክለሳ፡1.5)፡በምን፡ይለያል፧

ዋዜማ፡2003 ፡ከቀድሞዎቹ፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ክለሳዎች፡ባቀማመሩ፡ፈጽሞ፡ይለያል።የዋዜማ፡2003 ፡

አቀማመር፡በዩኒኮድ፡መሠረት፡ነው፤የዩኒኮድ፡አቀማመርም፡ባዳዲሶቹ፡ምግባሮችና፡መከየዶች፡ዅሉ፡ብቸኛው፡
አቀማመር፡ኾኗል።

የዩኒኮድ፡አቀማመር፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡የተለየ፡ክፍልን፡ስለ፡መደበለት፥ዋዜማ፡2003 ፡የኢትዮጵያን፡
ፊደሎች፡በዚሁ፡ልዩ፡ክፍል፡ወስጥ፡ባንድ፡የቅርጸት፡መደብ፡ብቻ፡(A0 Desta Unicode)፡
ቀምሯቸዋል።ስለዚህ፥በዋዜማ፡2003 ፡የተጻፉ፡ሰነዶች፡ዅሉ፡በማነኛውም፡የዩኒኮድ፡ቅርጸት፡
ይነበባሉ።ይው፡የዩኒኮድ፡አቀማመርም፥የኢትዮጵያን፡ፊደሎች፡ብቻ፡ሳይኾን፥የመላ፡ዓለምን፡ጻሕፋትና፡
ፊደላት፡ያጠቃለለ፡በመኾኑ፥እጅግ፡ታላቅ፡መሻሻልን፡አስገኝቷል።

የቀድሞዎቹ፡የዋዜማ፡ክለሳዎች፡ግን፡በዚያው፡በጠባቡ፡የ ANSI፡አቀማመር፡መሠረት፡በኹለት፡የቅርጸት፡
መደቦች፡(A1 Desta/A2 Desta፥ ወዘተ.)፡ላይ፡የኢትዮጵያን፡ፊደሎች፡የቀመሩ፡ናቸው።ከዚህም፡
በላይ፥አቀማመራቸው፡ባውሮፓውያን፡ፊደላት፡አቀማመር፡ቦታ፡ላይ፡በመኾኑ፥ላቀማመሩ፡ትክለኛዎች፡
አልነበሩም።ኾኖም፥ዩኒኮድ፡ለዊንዶውዝ፡95/98፡በቀጥታ፡ስለማይሠራ፥በጠባቡ፡የ ANSI፡አቀማመር፡መወ፟ሰኑ፡
ግዴታ፡ነበር።ይህ፡ያቀማመር፡ችግር፡በዩኒኮድ፡አንዴ፡ለመቼም፡ተወግዶልናል፤ኾኖም፥በዩኒኮድ፡የኢትዮጵያ፡
ፊደል፡አቀማመር፡ረገድ፥አደገኛ፡አዝማሚያዎቹ፡አሉ።እነዚህ፡ግን፥መዠመሪያ፥በግዛት፡ደረጃ፡
መስተካከል፡ይኖርባቸዋል።

ከሞላ፟፡ጐደ፟ል፡ያቀማመሩ፡መሻሻል፡በቅርጸቱም፡በመፍቻ-ገበታውም፡መሻሻልን፡አስከትሏል።

5.1. How much does Wazéma2003  v.3 differ 5.1. Combien Wazéma2003  diffère-t-il des
from previous versions of Wazéma, especially versions précédentes de Wazéma, plus
version 1.5? particulièrement de la version 1.5?

Wazéma2000-3  are based on the Unicode Wazéma2000-3  sont établi sur le codage
encoding standard which is now used on all Unicode en vigueur maintenant sur pratiquement
the latest operating systems and platforms. tous les systèmes d'exploitation et plates-
formes récents.
The Unicode standard has set a specific
encoding area for the Ethiopian script, as well Le standard Unicode a assigné au script
as for just about any script of the World. Each éthiopien une section spécifique de codage.
encoding area is, more or less, specific to a Chacun des scripts retenu par Unicode a plus
particular script, which avoids encoding ou moins une section de codage qui lui est
ambiguities, as was the case with the propre, évitant par là même, tout risque
minuscule ANSI encoding. d'ambiguïté de codage, comme cela a été
malheureusement le cas avec le codage ANSI,
Previous versions of Wazéma were all based
du fait de son exiguïté.
on the ANSI encoding because Windows 95/98
were not Unicode compatible, and for Ethiopic Les versions précédentes de Wazéma étaient
we had to contend with an overlapping toutes établies sur le codage ANSI -- puisque
encoding, i.e. using the same ANSI code for Windows 95/98 n'étaient pas compatible avec
both Western characters and Ethiopian Unicode -- de sorte que le codage Wazéma
characters at the same time, fonts playing the était en superposition au codage occidental
role of distinguishing characters using, in the ANSI. Ceci donnait lieu à une ambiguïté de
case of Wazéma, a multi-layered font system codage que seules les polices de caractères à
(A1 Desta/A2 Desta, etc.) plusieurs niveaux (A1 Desta/A2 Desta, etc.)
réussissaient à résoudre.
Unicode has now definitively settled the
encoding issue. Concerning the Ethiopic Le problème de codage est maintenant, en
encoding in Unicode though, there are serious grande partie, résolu grâce à Unicode, même
outstanding issues, which can only be si, en ce qui concerne la partie codage
ክ.3.20030827 68 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

addressed at the political level first. éthiopien, il existe de sérieux différends qui ne
pourront être adressés qu'au niveau politique
d'abord.

5.2. በቀድሞዎቹ፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡ክለሳዎች፡በ ANSI፡አቀማመር፡የተጻፉት፡ሰነዶች፡እንዴት፡ወደ፡

Unicode፡አቀማመር፡ሊመለሱ፡ይችላሉ፧በዚህ፡ረገድ፡ምን፡የታሰበ፡አለ፧

የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ን፡አቀማመር፡በተመለከተ፥ሰነዶችን፡ከ ANSI፡አቀማመር፡ወደ፡Unicode፡አቀማመር፡

መመለሻ፡መግበር፡ይዘጋጃል፤እንዲያውም፥የመግበሩ፡የመዠመሪያው፡ክለሳ፡ተገባዶ፟፥ባነስተኛ፡ሰነዶች፡
ይፈተሻል።መግበሩ፡በሚገ፟ባ፟፡ከተፈተሸ፡በዃላ፥በነጻ፡ይና፟ኛል።

5.2. Are there ways of converting the 5.2. Est-ce-qu'il existe un moyen de convertir
encoding of files written with previous (ANSI) des fichiers écrits à l'origine avec les versions
versions of Wazéma to Unicode encoding? Are ANSI de Wazéma, vers des fichiers de codage
there any plans regarding this issue? Unicode? Envisagez-vous d'offrir une solution à
ce problème?
Concerning the Wazéma ANSI encoding, a
conversion tool is in preparation; in fact, a Concernant le codage ANSI de Wazéma, le
prototype is currently being tested on a small prototype d'un outil de conversion de fichier est
scale. As soon as a satisfactory version is actuellement en phase de vérification. Il sera
built, it will be made freely available. gratuitement disponible aussitôt qu'une version
satisfaisante sera construite.
ክ.3.20030827 69 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

6. ሥርጭት•Distribution
ዋዜማ፡2003 ንና፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡መመሪያውን፥እንዲሁም፡በእለቄጥሯዊ፡አቀጻጽ፡ዐዲስ፡የወጡትን፡የግእዝ-
ዐማርኛ፡መሠረተ፡ትምህርት፡መጻሕፍትና፡መዛግብተ፡ቃላት፥ካማርኛ፡መጽሐፍ፡ቅዱስ፡ጋራ፡የያዘውን፡ግእዝ-
ዐማርኛ፡(ክለሳ፡3.0)፡ከሚከተለው፡የመርበብት፡አድራሻ፡በነጻ፡መቅዳት፡ይቻላል፤

Wazéma2003 , together with its user manual, Wazéma2003 , son manuel électronique, de
as well as the newly released electronic même que la version 3.0 de gzamargna, une
collection containing some of the most collection électronique comportant quelques uns
important G'z-Amharic textbooks and parmi les plus importants manuels et
dictionaries, the full Amharic Bible, etc., dictionnaires de g'z-amharique ainsi que la
gzamargna (version 3.0) can be downloaded for Bible en amharique, peuvent être téléchargés
free from the following Internet address: librement à partir de l'adresse Internet
suivante:

http://www.gzamargna.net

ሙሉውን፡ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡(ክለሳ፡3.0)፡እማስሊያ፡ላይ፡ከቀዱት፡በዃላ፥የኢንተርኔት፡መስመርን፡ለጊዜው፡
ዘግቶ፥ተከላውን፡ማካኼድ፡ይቻላል።ወይም፡የተሻለ፡ደግሞ፥ከኢንተርኔት፡ጋራ፡በሐብልም፡ኾነ፡በሐብል-አልቦ፡
ፈጽሞ፡እማይገናኝ፡ማስሊያ፡ላይ፡ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡(ክለሳ፡3.0)ን፡መትከልና፥ከስለላና፡ከልክፍት፡አደጋ፡
ተጠብቆ፥በሰላም፡ሥራን፡መሥራት፡ይቻላል።

Once Gzamargna v.3.0 is downloaded on your Une fois que Gzamargna V.3.0 est téléchargée
PC, disconnect from Internet to proceed with sur votre PC, déconnectez Internet avant de
its installation. Even better, install procéder à l'installation. Mieux encore, installez
Gzamargna V.3.0 on a PC that has no Gzamargna v.3.0 sur un PC non-connecté à
Internet connection, for a virus free and Internet, pour un environnement de travail plus
spyware-secure working environment. sûr.

ወሌ፡ነጋ•Welé Negga

P O Box 1165, Croydon, Surrey, CR9 2EB, United Kingdom

℡: (London) 020 8251 2492

ከውጭ፡አገር፡ሲደውሉ•when calling from outside the UK•en appelant de l'étranger:

(+) 44 20 8251 2492

(ማስጠንቀቂያ፤ለዘጠኝ፡ዓመት፡ያገለገለኝ፡የመልእክት፡ሣጥን፡P. O. Box 1165 ...፥ከ 2000፡ዓ.ም.፡አጋማሽ፡እስከ፡2001፡

ዓ.ም.፡አጋማሽ፡ድረስ፥ላንድ፡ዓመት፡ያኽል፡አላግባብ፡በ Royal Mail፡ተዘግቶብኝ፡ነበር።ቍጥራቸውን፡መቼም፡የማላውቀው፡
ደብዳቤዎች፡ሳይደርሱኝ፡ቀርተዋል።ደብዳቤ፡ልከውልኝ፥ሳይደርሰኝ፡ቀርቶ፥መልስ፡ካጡት፡ሰዎች፡ጥቂቶቹ፡"የላክነው፡ደብዳቤ፡
ተመልሶ፡መጣልን፤የመልእክት፡ሣጥኑ፡ተዘግቷል፡ወይ፧" እያሉ፡በስልክ፡ወይም፡በግንባር፡ቢጠይቁኝ፥ጕዳዩን፡ለ Royal Mail፡
ደጋግሜ፡አመለከትኹ።ባመለከትኹም፡ቍጥር፥"የደረሰ፡ደብዳቤ፡የለም"፡እያሉ፡መልሰውኛል።በመጨረሻ፥አንደኛዋ፡
ሠራተኛ፡"በዚህ፡ቍጥር፡የመለእክት፡ሣጥን፡እዘርፍ፡ጽሕፈት፡ቤታችን፡የለም፤የ Royal Mail ን፡ዋና፡ጽሕፈት፡ቤት፡ብትጠይቅ፡
ይሻላል፡ስትል፡መከረችኝ።ለዋና፡ጽሕፈት፡ቤቱ፡ደጋግሜ፡አመለከትኹ።ከኹለት፡ወር፡ጥበቃ፡በዃላ፥"የመልእክት፡ሣጥኑን፡
ዘግተነው፡ነበር፥መልሰን፡ከፍተነዋል፤የተከፈለውንም፡ያንድ፡ዓመት፡ኪራይ፡እንመልስልኻለን"፡አሉኝ፤ሣጥኑን፡
የዘጉበትን፥ዓመት፡ሙሉም፡"የደረሰ፡ደብዳቤ፡የለም"፡እያሉ፡ያሰናበቱበትን፡ምክንያት፡ግን፡አልገለጡልኝም።

ከዚያ፡ወዲህ፡የሚደርሱኝ፡ደብዳቤዎች፡እጅግ፡ጥቂቶች፡ኾነዋል፤እስከ፡ቅርብ፡ጊዜም፥የሚደርሱኝ፡እስከ፡7፡ሳምንት፡
ዘግይተው፡ነበር፤Royal Mail፥ዓለም፡ዐቀፍ፡የፖስታ፡ስምምነቶችን፡ፈርሞ፥ይህን፡ለምን፡ያደርጋል፧ብዬ፡በደብዳቤ፡
ካመለከትኹበት፡ወዲህ፥ኹኔታው፡ለጊዜው፡የተስተካከለ፡ይመስላል።

ጽፋችኹልኝ፡መልስ፡ያጣችኹ፡ክቡራትና፡ክቡራን፡ዅላችኹ፥ችግሬን፡አይታችኹ፡ይቅርታ፡እንደምታደርጉልኝ፡
አምናለኹ።መልእክታችኹን፡በመነፈጌ፡የሚሰማኝ፡ቍጭት፡የእናንተም፡እንደሚኾን፡አገምታለኹ።

በተመሳሳይ፡ምክንያት፥የእለቄጥሯዊ፡ጦማር፡አድራሻዬን፡ልሠርዝ፡ተገድጃለኹ፤የቀድሞ፡የስልክ፡አድራሻዬንም፡ዘግቼ፥ዐዲስ፡
መስመር፡ልከራይ፡ተገድጃለኹ።)
ክ.3.20030827 70 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

7. በኢትዮጵያዊ፡ስሌት፡ሥርዐት፡ዋዜማ።
On the Eve of the Ethiopian Computer Standard•A la veille du standard informatique éthiopien

"ግብጻውያን፡ከነርሱ፡ዘንድ፡የኼዱ፡አቅኒዎች፡እንደ፡ኾኑና፥መሪያቸውም፡ኦዚሪስ፡
እንደ፡ነበረ፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ይናገራሉ።አቅኚዎቹ፡የጥንት፡ትውፊቶቻቸውን፡ስለ፡
ጠበቁ፥የግብጻውያን፡ልማዶች፡ባብዛኛው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ናቸው፡ይላሉ።
ከነዚህም፥ነገሥታትን፡አማልክት፡ማለት፥የቀብርን፡ሥርዐት፡ማክበርና፡ሌሎችም፡
ብዙ፡ነገሮች፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ግብሮች፡ናቸው፤እንዲሁም፡የሐውልቶቻቸው፡
ፈሊጥ፥ያጻጻፋቸውም፡ቅጽ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ነው።"

ዲዮዶሮስ፡(1 ኛ፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡ቅድመ፡ልደተ፡ክርስቶስ)።90

ፊደልና፡ቋንቋ፡የሥልጣኔ፡መንኰራኵርና፡መንገድ፡መኾናቸውን፡ቀደም፡ብለን፡አይተናል።እንዲሁም፥በዘመናችን፥
ያልታወጀ፡አጠቃላይ፡የሥልጣኔ፡ጦርነት፡በዓለማችን፡መካኼዱንም፡አውስተናል።በተለይ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡
ረገድ፥ሕዝቧ፡እግዚእናውን፡ገና፡እንዳላስከበረና፥የጥቂት፡ባዕዳን፡መንግሥታት፡ፈቃድ፡በእጅ፡አዙር፡እንደ፡
ጸናበት፡በብዙ፡ማስረጃዎች፡አረጋግጠናል።

ለመደምደሚያ፥ሦስት፡መሪ፡ሐሳቦችን፡እናያለን፦

• ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የስሌት፡ደንብ፡አለመኖሩ፡ኢትዮጵያንና፡ኢትዮጵያውያንን፡ጐድቶናል።በተለይ፥ሕዝብ፡
እግዚእናውን፡ባላስከበረበት፡በዚህ፡ዐጓጕል፡ኹኔታ፡የሚ፟ሠ፟ራ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የስሌት፡ደንብ፥ጥቅሙ፡ሙሉ፡
በሙሉ፡ለባዕዳን፡ኀይሎች፥ጕዳቱ፡ደግሞ፡ሙሉ፡በሙሉ፡በኢትዮጵያና፡በሥልጣኔዋ፡ላይ፡ይኾናል፤

• የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፥ከምንም፡ምን፡አብልጦና፡አስቀድሞ፥እግዚእናውን፡ለማስከበር፡መታገል፡ይኖርበታል፤

• የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፥ዐዲሱን፡ሕገ፡መንግሥቱን፡ሠርቶ፡እግዚእናውን፡እንዳስከበረ፥በሕገ፡መንግሥቱ፡
መሠረት፥ራሱ፡የሚጠቀምበትንና፡ከዓለምም፡ጋራ፡የሚያሰማማውንና፡የሚያሳትፈውን፡የማስሊያ፡ደንብ፡
በባለሟያዎቹ፡አሠርቶና፡አጽድቆ፥በአህጉራዊ፡ደረጃ፡ሊያስፈጽመው፡ይችላል።

እንዚህን፡ሦስት፡መሪ፡ሐሳቦች፡ከማየታችን፡በፊት፥የምንገኝበትን፡ታሪካዊ፡ኹኔታ፡አንድ፡አፍታ፡በዐይነ፡ኅሊናችን፡
እንመልከተው።

7.1. "ነበር፡ለካስ፡እንዲህ፡ቅርብ፡ኖሯል፡..."91
"ኢትዮጵያ፡በዓለም፡ላይ፡መዠመሪያ፡የተመሠረተች፡አገር፡ናት፤አምልኮንና፡
ሥርዐትን፡የዠመሩም፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ናቸው።"

እስቲፋኖስ፡ዘቁስጥንጥንያ፡(7 ኛ፡ምእት፡ዓመት)።92

ኢትዮጵያ፥የስድስት፡ሺሕ፡ዘመን፡ምዝግብ፡የነጻነት፡ታሪክ፡ያላት፡ጥንታዊት፡ሥልጣኔ፡ናት።አፍሪቃ፡ለካም፡
ልጅ፡ለኵሽ፡(ለኢትዮጲስ)፡በዕጣ፡ስትደርሰው፥መዲናውን፡አኵስም93፡ላይ፡አድርጎ፡ከህንደኬ፡(የዛሬዋ፡ህንድ)ና፡
ፋርስ፡እስከ፡ማሊና፡ሴኔጋል፥ከገብጽና፡አሶር፡እስከ፡ሞዛምቢክና፡ማዳጋስካር፡በሚዘረጋ፡ብሔር94፡ላይ፡ተዘልሎ፡
መኖሩን፡ቅዱሳት፡መጻሕፍት፡መስክረዋል፤ከነሱም፡ወዲህ፥የነሖሜር፣የነሄሮዶቶስ፥የነስትራቦ፣የነሉሲያን፡የጥንተ፡
ታሪክ፡መዛግብት፡ተርከውታል፤የነዚህ፡ዅሉ፡አገሮች፡ሕዝቦችም፡ባፈ፡ታሪክ፡አውስተውት፥በባህላቸውና፡
በሥልጣኔያቸው፡አንጸባርቀውት፥በደማቸውና፡በዘራቸው፡አካል፡ሰጥተው፡ከሥተውት፡እስከ፡ዘመናችን፡በእውን፡
ተመስክሮ፡ይገኛል።

ረኃብና፡ጦርነት፡አሰድዷቸው፥ንግድና፡ሥልጣኔ፡ስቧቸው፥በኵሻዊው፡መደባይ፡ሕዝቧ፡ላይ፡በየዘመኑ፡ካካባቢው፡
አገሮች፡እንደ፡ማዕበል፡እየሠገሩ፡መጥተው፡የተዘረሩበት፡ብዙ፡ሕዝቦች፡በሰላም፡ተቀላቅለውት፥በፍቅር፡
ተዋሕደውታል።

90 "The Aithiopians [Ethiopians] say that the Egyptians are settlers from among themselves and that Osiris was the
leader of the settlement. The customs of the Egyptians, they say, are for the most part Aithiopian, the settlers
having preserved their old traditions. For to consider the kings gods, to pay great attention to funeral rites, and
many other things, are Aithiopian practices, and also the style of their statues and the form of their writing are
Aithiopian." Diodorus Siculus, (1st century B.C.)
91 ባለቤታቸው፡ዐፄ፡ምኒልክ፡እንዳረፉ፥እቴጌ፡ጣይቱ፡ከቤተ፡መንግሥት፡ወጥተው፥እንጦጦ፡ተቀምጠው፡ነበር።ከዕለታት፡
አንድ፡ቀን፥ከቤታቸው፡ኾነው፡ቍልቍል፡ዐዲስ፡አበባን፡ሲመለከቱ፥አንድ፡ሕንጻ፡በተለይ፡ጐላ፡ብሎ፡ከሩቅ፡
ቢታያቸው፥ደንገጥራቸውን፦ያ፡ቤት፡የትኛው፡ነው፧ብለው፡ጠየቋት።ርሷም፡ስትመልስ፦የመቤቴ፡ዕልፍኝ፡አዳራሽ፡
ነበር፡አለቻቸው።እቴጌ፡ጣይቱ፥አንድ፡አፍታ፡ተክዘው፦ነበር፡ለካስ፡እንዲህ፡ቅርብ፡ኖሯል፡አሉ፡ይባላል።
92 "Ethiopia was the first established country on earth and the Ethiopians were the first to set up the worship of the
gods and to establish laws." Stephanus of Byzantium (7th century A.D.)
93 "አኵስም"፡ቃል፡በቃል፡የኵሽ፡ልጆች፣የኵሻውያን፡ምድር፡ማለት፡ነው።
94 ምድር።
ክ.3.20030827 71 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
በተለይ፡በ 3600፡ዓመተ፡ዓለም፡ወይም፡ከጌታችን፡መድኀኒታችን፡ኢየሱስ፡ክርስቶስ፡ልደት፡1900፡ዓመት፡
በፊት፥ነገደ፡ዮቅጣን፡የተሠኙ፡ሴማውያን፡ሕዝብ፥ርኃብ፡ጸንቶባቸው፥ከእስያ፡ክፍል፡ፈልሰው፥በየመን፡
አድርገው፥የምንዳቤውን፡በር፡ባብ፡ኧልመንደብን፡ተሻግረው፥ለምለሙን፡ያዋሽን፡ሸለቆ፡ተከትለው፡
ቢመጡባት፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ተቀብላቸው፥ከምሥራቅ፡እስከ፡ምዕራብ፣ከሰሜን፡እስከ፡ደቡብ፡በመላ፟፡ብሔሯ፡
አስተናግዳቸዋለች፤ባገሬነትም፡ሠርታቸዋለች።ይዘውት፡የመጡት፡ቋንቋቸው፣ግእዝ፥ያን፡ጊዜ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡
ምድር፡ተተክሎ፡የምናውቀውን፡ታላቅነት፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ሥልጣኔ፡አትርፏል።ኢትዮጵያም፥ግእዝ፡ቋንቋዋን፡
ከኢትዮጵኛ፡አገር-በቀል፡ጻሕፏ፡ጋራ፡አጣምራ፥ሥልጣኔዋን፡በመላ፟፡ዓለም፡ለማንጸባረቅ፡ችላለች።

የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፥ተራውን፥ወደ፡አካባቢው፡አገሮች፡እየወጣ፥በየደረሰበት፡የሥልጡንነቱን፡መልካም፡ዝና፡
ተክሏል።ብዙ፡ማስረጃዎች፡መጥቀስ፡ይቻላል፤አንባቢን፡ማሰልቸት፡እንዳይኾን፥ለምልክት፡ያኽል፡ብቻ፥ግብጽን፡
የገዛውን፡25 ኛ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ሥርወ፡ነገሥት፥ተወዳጅነቱ፡እስከ፡ዛሬ፡የሚወሳለትን፡ባ 14 ኛው፡ምእት፡ዓመት፡
የመንን፡የገዛውን፡ያበሻ፡ሥርወ፡ነገሥት፥ባ 15 ኛው፡ክፍለ፡ዘመን፡ምዕራብ፡ቤንጋልን፡የገዛውን፡ያበሻ፡ደንብ፡
እንጠቅሳለን።እነዚህ፡ዅሉ፥የተጠቀሱትን፡አገሮች፡በጦር፡ኀይል፡ወረው፥አንበርክከው፡የገዙ፡
ሳይኾኑ፥ሥልጡንነታቸው፣ፍትሓዊነታቸው፣ታማኝነታቸው፣ዠግንነታቸው፡ከሰው፡ዅሉ፡እያስመረጣቸው፥ሕዝቦች፡
እንደ፡መድኀኒት፡እየፈለጉ፣እየጠሩ፥ሲያገኟቸውም፥እየሾሙና፡እያከበሩ፡የሰጧቸው፡የውዴታ፣የፍቅር፡ክብር፡
ነው፤የዛሬን፡አያድርገውና።

ጥንታዊው፡ቀርቶ፡ዘመናዊው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ታሪክ፡ገና፡በሚገ፟ባ፡
፟ አልተመረመረም፤እንዲያውም፥ቅኝ፡ገዢ፡
ኀይሎች፡አካባቢውን፡ለመቈጣጠር፡ዐይናቸውን፡ካተኰሩበትና፡እጃቸውን፡ከሰደዱበት፡
ወዲህ፥የሚጻፈው፣የሚለፈፈው፡"ታሪክ"፡ታሪክን፡የሚቀለብስ፣የሚቀብር፥ኢትዮጵያን፡የሚያኰስስ፥ያላትን፡
የሚያሳጣት፥ትውልዷን፡የሚያደናገር፥አለኝታውን፡የሚነሣው፥ዐይኑንም፡የሚያጠፋው፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥እጅግ፡
ልንጠነቀቀው፡ይገባል።ከጄምስ፡ብሩስ፡"በሬ፡ወለደ"፡እስከ፡ፋሺስቱ፡ኤንሪኮ፡ቼሩሊ፡"ፕሮፓጋንዳ"ና፡እስከ፡
አንቶኒ፡ሞክለር፡"ቆሞ፡የሚኼድ፡ውሸት"፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ታሪክ፡ላይ፡ተዘብቶበታል።ከቀረው፡ዓለም፡የባሰውን፡
የኛኑ፡ወገኖች፡አእምሮ፡በክሏል።ሊቃውንት፡አባቶቻችን፡ከሚነግሯቸው፡ይልቅ፡የፈረንጅ፡"አውታንቲ"፡
የሚሰብካቸውን፡ለመቀበል፡የሚሰሉ፥ሊቃውንት፡አባቶቻችንን፡ከመጠየቅ፡ይልቅ፥ኢትዮጵያ፡መሬት፡እግሩን፡
ካላስደረሰ፡ፈረንጅ፡"አገኘነው"፡ማለቱ፡የሚያኰራቸው፡አንዳንድ፡ግብዞች፡በቅለዋል፤ዘመኑም፡አግኗ፟ቸዋል።

ሰማቸውን፡እዚህ፡የማልጠቅሰው፡አንድ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ታሪክ፡ጸሓፊ፥ካሥራ፡ዐምስት፡ዓመት፡በፊት፥እሰሜን፡
አሜሪካ፡በሚታተም፡ወርኃዊ፡መጽሔት፡ላይ፥የሚከተለውን፡አስደንጋጭ፡ትረካ፡ከተሳሳተ፡ሐተታቸው፡ጋራ፡
አቅርበው፡ነበር።በኻያኛው፡ክፍለ፡ዘመን፡መባቻ፥ከኢጣልያ፡ወረራ፡በፊት፥እጃን፡ሜዳ፡የፈረስ፡መጋለቢያ፡
ውድድር፡በሚደረግበት፡ጊዜ፥እንደደቡብ፡አፍሪቃ፡"አፓርትሀይድ"፥አውሮፓውያንና፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ሰዓት፡
ተለይቶላቸው፥"ዩሮፕየንዝ"፡ለብቻቸው፥ቀጥለው፡"አቢሲኒየንዝ"፡ለብቻቸው፡ይወራረዱ፡ነበር፤ማስረጃውም፡
ይውና፡ብለው፥በዘመኑ፡ታትሞ፡ይለጠፍ፡የነበረውን፡እንግሊዝኛ፡ማስታወቂያ፡ቅጂ፡ከሰፊ፡ሐተታ፡ጋራ፡
ዐትመው፡"ይግረማችኹ"፡ብለውን፡ነበር።ጽሑፋቸውን፡እንዳነበብኹ፥ማመን፡አቅቶኝ፦እስቲ፡ሽማግሌ፡ልጠይቅ፡
ብዬ፥ጠየቅኹ።መጠየቅ፡ጥሩ፡ነው፤ሽማግሌው፥በወጣትነት፡ዘመናቸው፡ጃን፡ሜዳ፡ድረስ፡እየኼዱ፡የፈረስ፡
እሽቅድድም፡ማየት፡ይወዱ፡ነበርና፥ትዝታቸውን፡ከብዙ፡ታሪክ፡ጋራ፡ካጫወቱኝ፡በዃላ፥ያነበብኹትን፡
ባብራራላቸው፥የምቀልድ፡መስሏቸው፡ሣቁ፤ወዲያው፡"ማስረጃውን"፡አሳየዃቸው።እጅግ፡ተገርመውና፡
ዐዝነው፦አዬ፡የዛሬ፡ልጆች፤አዬ፡የኛ፡ምሁሮች፤ምናል፡ብትጠይቁ፧"ዩሮፕየንዝ"ና፡"አቢሲንየንዝ"፡
የሚያመለክቱት፡የፈረሶቹን፡ዐይነት፡እንጂ፡ሰዉን፡አይደለምኮ!፡ያበሻ፡ፈረሶች፡እንደ፡ሞንጎሊያና፡እንደ፡ቲቤት፡
ፈረሶች፡የደጋ፣የተራራ፡ፈረሶች፡ናቸው፤መጠናቸው፡ከፈረንጅ፡ፈረስ፡ያንሳል፤እንዲያውም፡ፈረንጆቹ፡
ሲያሾፉ፡"ፖኔ"፡ይሏቸዋል።ያበሻ፡ፈረስ፡ለረዥም፡ጕዞ፡ብርቱ፡ነው፤ለሽምጥ፡እሽቅድድም፡ግን፡ከፈረንጅ፡
ፈረስ፡ጋራ፡አይወዳደርም፤የፈረንጁ፡ጥሎት፡ይኼዳል።ስለዚህ፡የፈረንጅ፡ፈረሶች፡ለብቻቸው፡ይወዳደሩ፡ነበር፡
እንጂ፥ካበሻው፡ጋራ፡ዐብረው፡አይወዳደሩም።ተመልካቹ፣ተወራራጁ፡ሕዝብ፡ግን፡አበሻውም፡ፈረንጁም፡ዅሉም፡
ዐብሮ፡ነው።ልዩነቱ፡በፈረሶቹ፡እንጂ፡በሰዎቹ፡የለም፤እንዲህ፡ያለ፡ነገር፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ምድር፡አይታሰብም።ይህን፡
የጻፈ፡ሰው፥ከመጻፉ፡በፊት፡ምናል፡ቢጠይቅ፧የውድድሩ፡ኀላፊ፡ሙሴ፡ኮስሮፍ፡አኹን፡ድረስ፡በሕይወት፡
ነበሩለት፤ለምን፡አልጠየቃቸውም፧ሲሉ፡ከታዘቡ፡በዃላ፦እንዲያውም፡በዚያን፡ዘመን፥ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ፈረንጅን፡
ዐሳማ፡ይበላል፡ብለው፡ይንቃሉ፥ፍል፡ውሃም፡ዐብረን፡አንታጠብም፡ይላሉ፡ተብለው፡በሚገ፟ባ፟፡ስሞታ፡
ቀርቦባቸዋል፤እስከ፡መማታት፡ደርሰው፡ባራዳ፡ዘበኛ፡የተያዙም፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡አልጠፉ፥ብለው፥ደብድበው፡
ከፍል፡ውሃ፡መታጠቢያ፡ያመለጡ፡የኹለት፡ሰዎችንም፡ታሪክ፡አውስተው፡አስረዱኝ፦ሰውዮው፡ይህን፡ከመጻፉ፡
በፊት፦በምኒልክ፡መንግሥት፥በጣይቱ፡ከተማ፡እንዴት፡ሊኾን፡ቻለ፡ብሎ፡መጠየቅ፡ሲገባው፥ገበና፡መግለጥ፡
ከሟያ፡ይቈጠር፡ይመስል፥የዱሮ፡ሰው፥ሊያደርገው፡ቀርቶ፥የማያስበውን፡እንዲህ፡ያለውን፡ስሕተት፡ይሳሳታል፡
ብለው፥ባንዳንድ፡የዘመኑ፡ሰዎችም፡ማዘናቸውን፡ገለጡልኝ።

ቀጥለው፥ለዚህ፡ኹኔታ፡መነሻ፡የኾነውን፡መሠረታዊ፡ችግር፡እንዲህ፡ሲሉ፡አብራሩልኝ፦ባ፲፱፻፴፫፡
ዓ.ም.፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ኢጣልያን፡ድል፡አድርጋ፡ካባረረች፡በዃላ፥መንግሥት፡ተመልሶ፡ሲቋቋም፥ደጃዝማች፡
መኰንን፡ደስታ፡የተባሉ፥ብልኅነትን፡ከዕውቀትና፡ከችሎታ፡ጋራ፡ያጣመሩ፡ምሁር፣አገር፡አፍቃሪ፥የትምህርት፡
ሚኒስትር፡ኾነው፡ነበር።ርሳቸውም፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ዘመናዊት፡አገር፡እንድትኾን፡ትውልዷ፡አስቀድሞ፡ቋንቋዎቹን፡
ክ.3.20030827 72 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ግእዝንና፡ዐማርኛን፥ባህሉንም፡በሚገባ፡ማወቅ፡አለበት፡ብለው፡ስላመኑ፥የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡መሠረተ፡ትምህርት፡
ከመቼውም፡የበለጠ፡ተደራጅቶ፡በመላ፟፡ያገሪቱ፡ትምህርት፡ቤቶች፡በገቢር፡ተከናወነ።መልካም፡ውጤት፡ማሳየት፡
ገና፡ሲዠምርም፥ሚኒስትሩ፡ተሽረው፥በእንደራሴነት፡ወደ፡ሩቅ፡አገር፡ተላኩ።ወዲያው፡የሚኒስቴሩ፡የትምህርት፡
አደረጃጀት፡ለእንግሊዝና፡ለሰሜን፡አሜሪካ፡አማካሪዎች፡ተሰጠ።ከዚያን፡ጊዜ፡አንሥቶ፥ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡ከገዛ፡
አገራቸው፡ተሽረውና፡ተግዘው፥እንግሊዝኛ፡በላያቸው፡ሠለጠነባቸው።ካንደኛ፡ደረጃ፡እስከ፡ከፍተኛ፡ደረጃ፡
ድረስ፥ትምህርቱ፡በእንግሊዝኛ፡እንዲሰጥ፥ዐማርኛ፡ባጫፋሪነት፡እንዲቀርብ፥ግእዝ፡ደግሞ፡ፈጽሞ፡እንዲባረር፡
ተደረገ።ዛሬ፡የምናየው፡የዚህን፡ዐጕል፡ውሳኔ፡መዘዝ፡ነው።ከኢጣልያ፡ወረራ፡በፊት፡ዘመናዊ፡ትምህርትን፡
ያጠናቀቁትና፥ከጦርነቱ፡ወዲህ፡በእንግሊዞች፡ዕቅድ፡ዘመናዊ፡ትምህርትን፡የተማሩት፡ትውልዶች፡በመንፈስ፡
ተለያይተዋል።የፊተኞቹ፡ባብዛኛው፡በራሳቸው፡የሚተማመኑ፥የበታችነት፡ስሜት፡የማይታይባቸው፥በሀገራዊ፡
ባህላቸው፡የሚኰሩ፥"ሰው፡የሠራው፡አያቅተኝም"፡የሚሉ፥ላገራቸው፡ለመሠዋት፡ወደ፡ዃላ፡የማይሉ፡
ነበሩ።የዃለኞቹ፥ምንም፡ይህ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ጠባይ፡ፈጽሞ፡ባይለ፟ያ፟ቸው፥የተመገቡት፡የትምህርት፡ዐይነት፡
ሳያመነምናቸው፡አልቀረም።ጥቂቶቹ፡ወደ፡ፈረንጅ፡አንጋጦ፡የማየትን፡ዐዲስ፡ዐመል፡አብቅለው፡
እናያለን፤ዜግነትን፣ሃይማኖትን፡እንደ፡ሰደርያ፡መቀያየር፡ተለመደ፤ላገር፡መቆም፡ከሞኝነት፥ካገር፡
ወጥቶ፣ዜግነትን፡ቀይሮ፣ተደላድሎ፡መኖር፡ከብልኅነት፡ተቈጠረ።ይህ፡አደገኛ፡አዝማሚያ፡
ነው፤ፈረንጆች፡"ማቴሪያሊዝም"፡ይሉታል።የዛሬው፡ትውልድ፡"ቴክኖሎጂ95"ን፡እንደ፡ሥልጣኔ፡
ቈጥሮታል።"ቴክኖሎጂ"፡ግን፡የሥልጣኔ፡ውጤት፡እንጂ፥በራሱ፡ሥልጣኔ፡አይደለም።እንዲያውም፥ሥልጣኔ፡
የሌለው፡"ቴክኖሎጂ"፡ምናልባት፡ስይጣኔ፡ቢባል፡እንጂ፡ሥልጣኔ፡አይባልም፤ፍጻሜው፡ባርነት፡ነው፡ሲሉ፡
የማልረሳውን፡ትምህርት፡አስተማሩኝ።

እንዲህ፡እንዲህ፡እያልን፡እኻያ፡አንደኛው፡ክፍለ፡ዘመን፡ደረስን።በኢንተርኔት፡ዘመን፥ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የስሌት፡
ደንብ፡ባለመኖሩ፥በዕንቅርት፡ላይ፡ዦሮ፡ገድፍ፡ኾኖብን፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋ፡ባማርኛ፡እንደ፡ልብ፡መጻጻፍ፡
አልተቻለም።ማማረጫ፡በማጣት፥ኢትዮጵያውያን፥ስላገራችን፡ዜናም፡ኾነ፡ስለ፡ማነኛውም፡ጕዳያችን፡
በእንግሊዝኛ፡የማንበብና፡የመጻጻፍን፡መዘዘኛ፡ልማድ፡ይዘን፥ለህልውናችን፡ጠንቅ፡ኾነናል፥ለጠላትም፡እጅግ፡
ተመችተናል።ዛሬ፥የጠላት፡ጸጥታ፡ድርጅትም፡ኾነ፡ማንም፡ኢትዮጵያን፡የሚጠላ፡ባዕድ፥"ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ስም"፡
ይዞ፥ኢትዮጵያዊ፡መስሎ፥በየ"ዌብሳይቱ"፣በየ"ፎረሙ"ና፡በየ"ኒውዝግሩፑ"፡ዅሉን፡ዐይነት፡የነገር፡መርዝ፡
በእንግሊዝኛ፡ነዝቶ፡ኢትዮጵያውያንን፡"አንተ፡...፡ሱማሌ"፣"አንተ፡...፡ኦረሞ"፣"አንተ፡...፡
ትግሬ"፣"አንተ፡...፡ሐማሴን"፡እያባባለ፡ርስ፡በርሳችን፡አናክሶና፡አለያይቶ፥የሌለብንን፡ጥላቻ፡በዓለሙ፡
ፊት፡"አለባቸው፥ርስ፡በርስ፡ተከፋፍለዋል፤ዐብረው፡ሊኖሩ፡አይችሉም"፡ሊያሠኝ፥በዓለሙ፡ዅሉ፡
ሊያስፈርድብንም፡ከመቼውም፡የበለጠ፡ተመችቶታል።ሲፈልገውም፥"የማንትስ፡ዩኒቨርሲቲ፡የፖለቲካል፡ሳይንስ፡
ፕሮፌሰርና፡የፋከልቲ፡ኦፍ፡ሎው፡ምክትል፡ዲን፡ወዘተ."፡በሚል፡ዐጀብ፡ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ስሙን፡ሥጋ፡ሰጥቶ፡
አግዝፎ፥ስላገራችን፡ችግርና፡ስለ፡ማሰናበቻ፡መፍትሔው፡ሰበርበር፡ባለ፡እንግሊዝኛ፡አንድምታውን፡
እያንጐደጐደልን፤አስቀድሞ፡ያደራጀልን፡የዜና፡ድር-ገጾቹም፡ባራቱ፡ማእዝናት፡እንደገደል፡ማሚቶ፡
እያስተጋቡለት፦ያን፡ከርታታ፡ዐማርኛችንን፡ወዲያ፡ጥለን፡አንድ፡ፊቱን፡ለምን፡እንግሊዝኛን፡ሀገራዊ፡ቋንቋችን፡
አናደርገውም፧ይለናል።

የግእዝን፡ወይ፡ያማርኛን፡ያኽል፡ጥልቀት፣ምላት፣ጥራትና፡ተስፋ፡ኖሮት፡እንግሊዝኛን፡ቋንቋችን፡ባደረግነውና፡
ባልቈጨን፡ነበር፤ዳሩ፡ግን፥ምን፡ያደርጋል፥እግዚአብሔር፡አዳምንና፡ሔዋንን፡ላነጋገረበት፥ቅዱሳት፡መጻሕፍትን፡
ፈትፍቶ፡ለሚያጐርሰን፡ቋንቋ፣ለግእዝ፡ምን፡ዐቻ፣ምን፡መተኪያስ፡ይገኝለታል፧እንግሊዝኛ፡ባ 10፡ቃላት፡
የማይፈታውን፡ሐሳብ፡ባንድ፡ቃል96፡የሚያናግረንን፡ዐማርኛ፡ለምን፣ለማን፡ብለን፡እንለውጠዋለን፧ወርቁ፡ቢጠፋ፡
ሚዛኑ፡ጠፋ፧ዕንቁ፡ለጠጠር፡ይኾንብናል፥አንለውጠውም፤አትድከም።እንግሊዝኛን፡ግን፡ባንድ፡ነገር፡
እንቀናበታለን፤ቃላቱ፡ከፈረንሳይም፡ይገኙ፣ከጀርመን፥ከሮማይስጥም፡ይምጡ፣ከጽርእ፥ከኬልቲክም፡
ይውረዱ፣ከጌሊክ፥ፊደላቸው፡ታርሞ፣ተጠንቅቆ፡በሥርዐት፡ይጻፋሉ፤በዚህ፡ረገድ፡እንግሊዞች፡በውነት፡
በልጠውናል።ኢትዮጵያ፡እግዚእናዋን፡አስከብራ፡መንግሥቷን፡ስታቆም፡ግን፡ብዙ፡አይፈጅባትም፥ውዝፏን፡ዅሉ፡
በጥቂት፡ዓመት፡ታጠራዋለች።

ይልቅስ፥አንተ፡ራስኽ፡በእንግሊዝኛኽ፡ላይ፡ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛን፡ብታክልበት፡ዓለሙ፡ዅሉ፡ምንኛ፡በመረቀኽ፡
ነበር፤ጨለማን፡የሚያርቁ፡ብርሃናውያን፡ቋንቋዎች፡ናቸውና፥መድረሻው፡ሞት፡ከኾነ፡ከከንቱ፡ፍልስፍና፥ወደ፡
ጽድቁ፡ወደ፡ሕይወቱ፡መንገድ፥አንተን፡ጭምር፥ዅሉን፡መርተው፡በመለሱት፡ነበር።

እንዲያውም፡ውርርድ፡ልትከልልኽ፦ቋንቋዎቻችን፡ግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፥እስከ፡25፡ዓመት፡ለማስሊያ፡ዅሉ፡ቋንቋ፡
ይኾኑታል።

7.2. ብሔራዊ፡ጻሕፍ።

ወደተነሣንለት፡ጕዳይ፡እንመለስና፥ምዕራባውያን፡ሮማይስጥ፡("ላቲን")፡ፊደላቸውን፡ብሔራዊ፡("ዩኒቨርሳል")፡ፊደል፡

95 ኪነት።
96 "አልተከነዋወኑላቸውም"፡የሚለው፡አንድ፡ያማርኛ፡ቃል፡ወደ፡እንግሊዝኛ፡በስንት፡ቃላት፡ይተረጐም፡ይኾን፧ቢያንስ፡
በ 7፥ወይስ፡በ 8፥ወይስ፡በ 9፡...፧
ክ.3.20030827 73 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ለማድረግ፡በየዘመኑ፡ሞክረዋል፤በተለይ፡በዘመናችን፡በተጠናከረ፡አካኼድ፡ቀጥለውበታል።በኢትዮጵያ፡
የሚፈጽሙትን፡ጠቅሰናል፤በቀድሞ፡ሶቪየት፡ኅብረትና፡ዩጎስላቪያ፡መንግሥታት፥እንደ፡ሶማልያ፡ባሉ፡መንግሥት-
አልቦ፡አገሮች፡ዅሉ፡ሞክረው፥ከሞላ፟፡ጐደ፟ል፡ቀንቷቸዋል።

የሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡እንደሚሉት፡"ብሔራዊ"፡ለመኾን፡ብቃቱ፡ቢኖረው፥እኛም፡በያዝነው፡ነበር።ዳሩ፡ግን፥እላይ፡
እንዳየነው፥በተለይ፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፡የኢትዮጵያን፡ፊደል፡ያኽል፦

• ፊደልን፡አይቈጥብም፤(በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡የተጻፈው፡ወደሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡ሲመለስ፡ዕጥፍ፡ያኽል፡
ፊደላትን፡ይጠይቃል፤ለምሳሌ፥"ዋዜማ"፡3፡ፊደልን፡ሲፈጅ፥"Wazéma"፡6 ን፡ይጠይቃል፤+100%)።

• የፊደል፡አሻሚነትን፡አያስወግድም፤(ለምሳሌ፥በእንግሊዝኛ፡እንደምናየው፥"i"፡እንደ፡"አይ"ም፡
("price")፣እንደ፡"ኧ"ም፡("first")፥እንደ፡"ኢ"ም፡
("will")፥ወዘተ.፤"a"ም፣"e"ም፣"o"ም፣"u"ም፣"y"ም፡እንደዚሁ፤ኹለቱን፡
ሦስቱን፡"ae"፣"ai"፣"ao"፣"au"፣"ae"፣"aé"፣...፡"aue"፣"iou"፣"eui"፣...፡ብለው፡
ቢያጣምሯቸው፡ደግሞ፥ስፍር፡ቍጥር፡የሌለው፣አግባብነቱ፡ተመርምሮ፡የማይደረስበት፡አሻሚ፡ድምፅ፡
ይሰጠናል)።

• የቃላትን፡ከየት-መጣ፡ለመለየት፡አይረዳንም፡(ለምሳሌ፡አልፍ-"አ"ንና፡ዐይን-"ዐ"ን፡በዚያው፡
ከአልፍ-"አ"፡በተገኘው፡በ"A"፡ካልኾነ፡በቀር፡ለይቶ፡መጻፍ፡አይቻለንም፤"አበየ-እምቢ፡አለ"፡
እና፡"ዐበየ-ከፍ፡አለ"፥ ኹለቱም፡"abeye"፡ተብለው፡ባሻሚነት፡ይጻፋሉ፡እንጂ፥የትርጕም፡ልዩነታቸው፡
ከፊደላቸው፡አይነበብም።በዚህ፡ኹኔታ፡ትርጕምን፡መጠንቀቅ፡ይቀራል፥ቋንቋችንም፡ካስተሳሰባችን፡ጋራ፡
ዐብሮ፡ይደኸያል፤የሰው፡ጭራ፡መኾን፡ይመጣል)።

• እንደ፡"ጠ"፣"ጨ"፣"ጸ"፣"ፀ"፣"ቀ"፣ወዘተ.፡ያሉትን፡ድምፆች፡አያጽ፟ፈንም፡(ርግጥ፡ነው፥ለነሱም፡
ዐዳዲስ፡ፊደሎችን፡መፍጠር፡ይቻላል፤ለኛ፡ግን፡"ሳይቸግር፡ጤፍ፡ብድር"፡ይኾንብናል)።

• ወዘተ.።

ከዅሉ፡በላይ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡

• ቀዳሚ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፤

• የረጋ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፡(ላለፉት፡ኹለት፡ሺ፡ዘመን፡መሠረታዊ፡ለውጥ፡ሳያገኘው፥እስከ፡ዘመናችን፡ብቁ፡
ኾኖ፡ዘልቋል)፤

• መሠረታዊ፡አንድነት፡ስላለው፡(ከግእዝ፡ፊደል፡ጋራ፣ካዕብ፣ሣልስ፣ራብዕ፣ኃምስ፣ሳድስ፣ሳብዕ፡
ፊደላት፡አሉት፤ድምፃቸውም፡የተለየና፡የማይለወጥ፣የማይምታታ፡ነው)፤

• መሠረታዊ፡አንድነቱን፡ሳይተው፥ለመስፋት፡ምንም፡ገደብ፡ስለሌለበት፡
(ሲያስፈልግ፥እንደ፡"ጐ"፣"ጒ"፣"ጓ"፣"ጔ"፣"ጕ"፡ያሉ፡ዲቃላ፡ፊደሎች፡አሉት፤ሲያስፈልግም፡
እንደ፡""፣""፣""፣""፣""፣""፣""፣...፡ያሉ፡ዐዳዲስ፡ድምፆች፡ለዅሉም፡ፊደሎች፡
በመደዳ፡ይታከሉላቸዋል)፤

• የዓለምን፡ቋንቋዎች፡ዅሉ፡የሚያጽ፟ፍ፡ሙሉ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥

ርሱን፡ለሌላ፡መለወጥ፡ካላዋቂነት፣ከሞኝነት፡እንጂ፥ከብልኅነት፡አይቈጠርምና፥አንለውጠውም።ቢኾንልን፡
ደግሞ፥አዳብረን፡አምልተነው፡ለብሔራዊ፡(ለዓለም፡ዐቀፍ)፡አገልግሎት፡እናበቃዋለን።

የፊደልን፡ነገር፥እንዲህ፡ላይ፡ላዩን፡ብንጭረው፥ስለመሠረቱ፡ጥልቅነትና፡ስለትምህርቱ፡ሰማያዊነት፡ሊቃውንት፡
አባቶቻችን፡አስቀድመው፡ጽፈዋል97።አንባቢ፡የተሻለ፡ማስረጃን፡እነርሱ፡ዘንድ፡ያገኛል።

የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ለምን፡ባንድነቱ፡ዘለቀ፥ለምንስ፡የሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡እንዲህ፡
በእንግሊዝ፣በፈረንሳይ፣በጣልያን፣በጀርመን፣በሁንጋርያ፣ወዘተ.፡አጻጻፎች፡ተከፋፈለ፧ለሚለው፡ጥያቄ፥አንድ፡
መልስ፡አለ፤ይውም፦ኢትዮጵያ፡የፊደልን፡ባሕርይ፡አንድ፡ስትል፥አውሮፓውያን፡"ኮንሶነንት"ና፡"ቫወል"፡
ብለው፡ለኹለት፡ባሕርይ፡በመክፈላቸው፡ምክንያት፡ነው፡ይላል።ይህ፡ጭብጥ፡ሰፋ፡ያለ፡ማብራሪያም፡ማስረጃም፡
ይጠይቃልና፥ወደ፡ፊት፡በሌላ፡ጽሑፍ፡ይቀርባል።እስከዚያው፥አንባቢ፡ጕዳዩን፡እንዲያብላላው፥የሚከተለውን፡
እጠቅሳለኹ።

ፊደልን፡"ኮንሶነንት"ና፡"ቫወል"፡ብሎ፡ለኹለት፡መለየት፥አጻጻፍን፡ያቀለጠፈ፡ቢመስልም፥አሻሚነትን፡
ያመጣል።"ቫወል"፡ፊደሎች፥እነ"a"፣"e"፣"i"፣"o"፣"u"፡እዅል-ገብ፡እየኾኑ፡"ኮንሶነንት"፡ፊደሎችን፡
ሲያናብቡ፥ምንም፡መደበኛ፡ሟያ፡ቢኖራቸው፡("a"፡የ"አ"ን፡ሟያ፣"e"፡የ"ኧ"ን፣"i"፡
የ"ኢ"ን፣ወዘተ.)፥በየራሳቸውም፡የመንበብ፡ጠባይ፡ስላላቸው፥ይህ፡መንታ፡ጠባይ፡ተለዋዋጭነትን፡
ያመጣባቸዋል፤ርጋታን፡ይነሣቸዋል።ለምሳሌ፥"ቫወል-a"፡በራሱ፡የሚነብበት፡ጠባይ፡አለው፤ከ"ኮንሶነንት"፡ጋራ፡

97 ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፤መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ፥ገጽ፡22-27።
ክ.3.20030827 74 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
የሚናበብበት፡ሌላ፡ጠባይ፡አለው፤ከሌላ፡"ቫወል"፡ጋራ፡የሚነባበብበት፡ሦስተኛም፣አራተኛም፣ዐምስተኛም፣...፡
ጠባይ፡ይኖረዋል።ከዚህ፡ወዲያ፥ላንዱ፡ቋንቋ፡(እንበል፣ለእንግሊዝኛ)፡ባንድ፡ዐይነት፡ሥርዐት፡ሲረጋ፥ለሌላ፡
ቋንቋ፡ደግሞ፡በሌላ፡ዐይነት፡ሥርዐት፡ይረጋል፤በዚህ፡ዐይነት፥ያው፡ፊደል፡በኹለት፡ቋንቋ፡የተለየ፡ድምፅ፡
ይኖረዋል፤ባንድ፡አይረጋም።

በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፥እያንዳንዱ፡ፊደል፡አንድና፡አንድ፡ባሕርይ፡ብቻ፡ነው፡ያለው፤"ምንታዌ፣ቡዓዴ"፡
የለበትም።ግእዝ፡ግእዙ፡ፊደል፡ለሰባት፡ልዩ፡ልዩ፡ንባባት፣በሰባት፡ዐምዶች፡ይዘረዘራል፦

ግእዝ፡(1 ኛ) ካዕብ፡(2 ኛ) ሣልስ፡(3 ኛ) ራብዕ፡(4 ኛ) ኃምስ፡(5 ኛ) ሳድስ፡(6 ኛ) ሳብዕ፡(7 ኛ)

አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ

በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ

ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ

ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ

ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ

… …
ለያንዳንዱ፡ግእዝ፡ፊደል፡ሰባት፡የማይለወጡ፣የማይሻሙ፣የማይምታቱ፣ቋሚ፡ንባባት፡አሉት፡ማለት፡
ነው፤ዐዲስ፡ንባብ፡ቢያስፈልግ፥ባዲስ፡ዐምድ፡ይጨመርለታል፡እንጂ፥እነባሩ፡ንባብ፡ላይ፡ሌላ፡መንትያ፡ንባብ፡
አይደረብበትም።ከሌላ፡ፊደል፡ጋራ፡ሲናበብም፡በዚያው፡ንባቡ፡ይጸናል፡እንጂ፥አይለወጥም።ይህ፡ጽኑነት፡የተገኘ፡
ፊደል፡ከዳር፡እዳር፡ባንድ፡ባሕርዩ፡በመታወቁና፡ባንድ፡ባሕርዩ፡በመዋሉ፡ነው።

በክርስትና፡ሃይማኖት፡ታሪክ፡እንደታየው፥የእግዚአብሔር፡ወልድን፡ባሕርይ፡ኹለት፡ያለች፡ካቶሊካዊት፡ቤተ፡
ክርስቲያን፥በመቶ፡ለሚቈጠሩ፡የፕሮቴስታንትና፡የአንግሊካን፥የጰንጠቈስጤና፡የየሆዋ፥ወዘተ.፡ወገኖች፡
ስትከፋፈል፥አንድ፡ባሕርይ፡ያለች፡ተዋሕዶ፡ቤተ፡ክርስቲያን፥በኢትዮጵያም፡ይኹን፡በግብጽ፣በአርማንያም፡ይኹን፡
በሶርያ፣በህንድ፥መከፋፈል፡ሳያገኛት፡በተመሠረተችበት፡አንድነቷ፡ጸንታ፡ለኹለት፡ሺሕ፡ዘመን፡ኖራለች።የቤተ፡
ክርስቲያንና፡የፊደል፡ታሪካዊ፡ኺደት፡መመሳሰል፡አጋጣሚ፡አይደለም፤ሊመረመርና፡ሊታወቅ፡የሚገባውን፡ታላቅ፡
እውነት፡ይዟል፡ከማለት፡ሌላ፡እዚህ፡የምጨምረው፡ነገር፡አይኖርም።

7.3. የእግዚእና፡ጕዳይ።

የማስሊያ፡ደንብ፥በመዠመሪያ፡ደረጃ፡ስለፊደልና፡ስለቋንቋ፡አካኼድ፡ነውና፥አግጣጫው፡ወደ፡ልማት፡እንጂ፡
ወደ፡ጥፋት፡እንዳያመራ፥መንገዱ፡እንዲቀና፡እንጂ፡እንዳይጠም፟፥ባለቤቱ፡ራሱ፡ሊደነግገው፣ሊቀይሰው፡ያሻል።

የኢትዮጵያ፡የስሌት፡ደንብ፡ጕዳይ፡ከኢትዮጵያ፡እግዚእና፡ጕዳይ፡ተለይቶ፡አይታይም፤ኢትዮጵያ፡እግዚእናዋን፡
ሳታስከብር፡የስሌት፡ደንቧን፡ሌሎች፡እንጂ፥ራሷ፡ልትሠራው፡አትችልም።ዛሬ፥እንዲህ፡በተጋለጠችበት፡
ሰዓት፥ባዕዳን፥በእጀ፡መናኛ፦ሠርተንልሻል፡ብለዋታል።

አኹንም፡"አለባለቤቱ፡አይነድም፡እሳቱ"።ጕዳዩ፡ባዕዳን፡እንዳሉት፡ሳይኾን፥ባለቤቶቹ፡እኛ፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡
እንደምንፈቅደው፡ሊኾን፡ይገባል።

የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፥ባለቤትነቱን፡ባስከበረበት፡ኹኔታ፡እንዲህ፡ያለው፡ችግር፡ቢገጥመው፥ብዙ፡ባላሠጋው፡
ነበር።ዛሬ፡ግን፥ዓለም፡ዅሉ፡በሚያየው፣በሚፈርደው፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ራሱን፡አልገዛም፤በራሱ፡ፈቃድ፡
አላደረም፤የባዕዳን፡መንግሥታትና፡ኀይሎች፡ፈቃድ፡በእጅ፡አዙር፡ይፈጸምበታል፤ዐይኑ፡እያየም፡ከግል፡ርስቱ፡
ነቅለውታል፥የጋራ፡ርስት፡አገሩን፡ሊነጥቁትም፡ተቃርበዋል።የኢ.ሕ.አ.ዴ.ግ.፡ኳደሬዎች፥ባንድ፡እጅ፦ሕዝቡ፡
ተርቧል፤ርዱን! እያሉ፡ሲረ፟ጠ፟ቡበት፥በሌላው፡ደግሞ፦የሚለማ፡መቶ፡ሺ፡ጋሻ፡መሬት፡አለን፤በቅናሽ፡ዋጋ፡ኑ!
ውሰዱ፡እያሉ፡አገሩን፣ርስቱን፡ለባዕዳን፡ሲቸበችቡበት፥ኹለቱን፡በዚያው፡ቅጽበት፡እናያለን።ዛሬ፡የቻይናና፡
የቱርክ፥የኮሪያና፡የሳዑዲ፡ዐረቢያ፡አልሚዎች፡በሚመነጥሩት፡ይዞታ፡አስታከውና፡አላምደው፥አመካኝተውና፡
አረሳስተው፥ነገ፡ጧት፡ምዕራባውያን፡እጅግ፡በተጠናከረ፡ርምጃ፡እንደሚከተሉ፡ያደባባይ፡ምስጢር፡ኾኗል።

ምን፡ይደረግ፧

7.4. መዠመሪያ፥እግዚእናችንን፡እናስከብር።

የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፥ዐዲሱን፡ሕገ፡መንግሥቱን፡ራሱ፡ሠርቶና፡ሥልጡንሕዝባዊ፡መንግሥቱን፡
መሥርቶ፥እግዚእናውን፡ማስከበር፡ይኖርበታል።ይህን፡ከፈጸመ፡ወዲያ፥የኢትዮጵያ፡ችግሮች፡ዅሉ፡ዐይነተኛ፡
ፈቺያቸውንና፡መፍትሔያቸውን፡ስለሚያገኙ፥የኢትዮጵያም፡የማስሊያ፡ደንብ፡ለኢትዮጵያ፡ዘላቂ፡ጥቅም፡ያነዬ፡
ሊሰናዳ፡ይችላል፤ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ም፡ዓላማው፡ተፈጽሞለት፥የመኖር፡ምክንያቱ፡ዐልፎለት፥በዘላቂው፡
ኢትዮጵያዊ፡የማስሊያ፡ሥርዐት፡ይተ፟ካ፟ል።የዚያ፡ሰው፡ይበለን።
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7.5. የኢትዮጵያዊ፡ማስሊያ፡ደንብ፡ግዴታዎች።(ይዘጋጃል)
ክ.3.20030827 76 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ተቀጥላ፡1፤የጻሕፎች፡ዝምድና
Appendix 1: Common Origin of Scripts•Appendice 1: Origine commune des écritures

ጥንታዊ፡ኢትዮጵኛ ኢትዮጵኛ ፊንቅኛ ዕብራይስጥ ጽርእ ቄርሎስኛ ዐረብኛ

ሮማይስጥ
Proto-Ethiopic Ethiopic Phoenician Hebrew Greek Cyrillic Arabic
Latin
proto-éthiopien
éthiopien phénicien hébreux grec cyrillique arabe

  አ  ‫א‬ Αα A a Аа ‫ا‬

  በ  ‫ב‬ Ββ B b/ V v Бб ‫ب‬

ቨ V v Вв

  ገ  ‫ג‬ Γγ G g Гг ‫ج‬

     ደ  ‫ד‬ Δδ D d Дд ‫د‬

   ሀ  ‫ה‬ Εε (E e) Ее ‫ھ‬

   ወ  ‫ו‬ Υ W w В ‫ٯ‬

 ዘ  ‫ז‬ Ζζ Z z Зз ‫ز‬

ዠ J j Жж

 /  ሐ/ኀ  ‫ח‬ Ηη H h Ии ‫خ‬/‫ح‬

  ጠ  ‫ט‬ Θθ ‫ط‬

 የ  ‫י‬ Ι/Υ I i / Y y Уу і ‫ٻ‬

    ከ  ‫כ‬/‫ך‬ Κ/Χ K k / X x Кк ‫ك‬

ኸ Хх

  ለ  ‫ל‬ Λλ L l Лл ‫ل‬

     መ  ‫ ם‬/‫מ‬ Μμ M m Мм ‫م‬

   ነ  ‫ן‬/‫נ‬ Νν N n Нн ‫ن‬

     ሠ  ‫ס‬ Ξ/Σξ S s Шш/Щщ ‫ص‬/‫س‬

   ዐ  ‫ע‬ Ο/Ωο O o Оо ‫ه‬

   ፈ  Π/Φφ F f Фф ‫ف‬

     ጸ  ‫ צ‬/‫ץ‬ Цц ‫ص‬

 ፀ Θ (‫)ض‬

 ቀ  ‫ק‬ Q q ‫ق‬

   ረ  ‫ר‬ Ρρ R r Рр ‫ر‬

     ሰ  ‫שׂ‬ Σ S s Сс ‫س‬

    ሸ ‫ש‬ Чч ‫ش‬

 ተ  ‫ת‬ Ττ T / t Тт ‫ت‬

( ) ፐ / በ ‫ ף‬/‫פ‬ Ππ P Пп ‫ث‬

25 24 + 1 = 25 12 + 5 = 17 9 + 8 = 17 12 + 8 = 20 9 + 11 = 20 11 + 11 = 22 11 + 2 = 13

አንድ፡ዐይነት፡ወይ፡ተመሳሳይ•identical or similar•identique ou similaire

ተዛማጅ•related•lien de parenté
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ተቀጥላ፡2፤የቃላት፡ዝምድና
Appendix 2: Kinship of Words•Appendice 2: Parenté des mots

ግእዝ፡(ዘር) ዐማርኛ ዕብራይስጥ ዐረብ ሱርስት ፓንጃቢ ጽርእ ሮማይስጥ እንግሊዝኛ ፈረንሳይኛ

G'z Amharic Hebrew Arabic Aramaic Punjabi Greek Latin English French

g'z amharique hébreu arabe araméen punjabi grecque latin anglais français

አብ፣አባ፟፡(አበ፟) አባት አባ፟ አባ አቡ / ባባ ፒዮ ፓቴራስ pater father/abbot/ père/abbé/

pope pape/papa

አልፍ፣ቤት አልፍ፣ቤት አሌፍ፣ቤት አልፍ፣ባእ ኦላፍ፥ቤት አላ፟ፍ፥ቤ አልፋ፣ቤታ alphabetum alphabet alphabet

እለቄጥሩ፡(ቅጥራን) እለቄጥሩ እሌቅጥሮን ሊቅጥሩን ኤሌክትሮን electricus electron électron

እም፡(አመመ) እም / እናት ኤም ኡም ኤማ ማይ / ዋልዳ ሚቴራ mater mother mère

አንስ፡ አንስ /አንስት ኤኖሽ ኢንሳን (ens, (entity) (entité)

(ግ.፥አነሰ) entitas)

ባቤል፡(ባበለ) ባቤል ባቤል ባቢል/ባቢሉ ባቢሎን Babylon Babel

ብሉይ፡(በለየ) አሮጌ (ባላህ) (በሊየ) (ብሊይ) ፒሽሊ ፓላዮስ paleo- paleo- paleo-

ቢራ፡(?) ቢራህ ባሪ borough bourg

በርሀ በራ፟ ባሀር በራ፟ በሪሀ ባሪ፟ / ባራ፟ brighten (to) briller

በተረ በተረ ባታር batter (to) battre

ግልፎ፡(ገለፈ) ግልፎ ግሉፌ glyph glyphe

ጐን፡(ጐደነ) ጐን ጎን ጀንብ ጋባእ ጉጥ ጎኖስ -gone -gone

ገርገረ ገረገረ ጋራር gregare (ag)gregate (a)gréger

ደነሰ ደነሰ ደሊሰ dansare dance (to) danser

ድርገት፡(ደረገ) ደረጃ ዳርጋ፟ህ ደረጀት ዳራግ ደርጃ gradus degree degré

ሀገር፡(ሀገረ) አገር ሀጌር አጎራ agri agri-... agri-...

ሀይመነ አመነ ሄኤሚን ሀይመነ ሃይሜን (አሜን) (Amen) (Amen) (Amen)

ሐብል ሐብል ሔቤል ሐብል ሐብላ caplum cable cable

ሕግ/ሐቅ፡ ሕግ/ሐቅ ሖቅ ሐቅ ሐቅ ሐቅ
(ሐገገ/ሐቀ)

ሐሳብ፡(ሐሰበ) ሒሳብ ሒሻቦን ሒሳብ ሒሳብ

የሱስ፡[ኢየሱስ] የሱስ፡(ኢየሱስ) የሹዕ የሱዕ የሱ ይሱስ Iesu Jesus Jésus

ኵል ዅል ኮል ኵል ካል ሳባት ኾሎስ whole, all,

(holistic)

ኪሎ፡(ከለየ) ኪሎ (ቂ)ኪሎ ኪሉ ኪሎ kilo kilo kilo

ክርታስ፡(ከረተ) ክርታስ ካራት ታሽ ኻርቲስ carere card carte

ሊጦን፡(ለጠነ) ሊጦን ሊታንያ litany litanie

ልጥር ልጥር ሊጥራ ረጥል ሊጥራ ሊትራ litre litre

ሙዚቃ፡ ሙዚቃ ሙሢቃህ ሙሢቃ musica music musique

(ሰንቀወ፥ነቀወ)

መኪና፡(ኬነ) መኪና ምኮናህ መኪናህ ማሺን ሜኻና machina machine machine

ምሳሕ፡(መስሐ) ምሳ / ምስ (ማሻሕ) (መሰሐ) (ምሻሕ) missus mess mess

ምስጢር፡(ሰጠረ) ምስጢር ሚስቲሪዮን mistere mystery mystère

ምስኪን፡(ሰከነ) ምስኪን ሚስኬን ሜስኪና መስኪን mesquin

መትር፡(መተረ) ሜትር ሜጤር ሚትር ሜትሮን meter mètre

ንኁል፡(ነኀለ) (የጠፋ፥ባዶ) ናኀል ? nihil nil nul

ነፍጥ ነፍጥ ኔፍጥ ነፍጥ naphtha naphtha naphte

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ግእዝ፡(ዘር) ዐማርኛ ዕብራይስጥ ዐረብ ሱርስት ፓንጃቢ ጽርእ ሮማይስጥ እንግሊዝኛ ፈረንሳይኛ

G'z Amharic Hebrew Arabic Aramaic Punjabi Greek Latin English French

g'z amharique hébreu arabe araméen punjabi grecque latin anglais français

ኖትያ፡(ኖተወ) ዋናተኛ/መርከበኛ ኖትይ navigare navigator, navigateur,

nautical nautique

ዐይን ዐይን ዐይን ዐይን ዔኑ/ዔይና ዐክ፟ oculus eye œil

ዐልው (ሬት) ኣሃል ዑድ ዐልዋይ አልዎይ aloe aloe aloès

ዕሴት፡(ዐሰየ) ዕሴት ዐሳህ (assatis) asset (assez)

ፈረቀ/ፈረከ(ሰ) ፈረቀ/ፈረከ ፋራቅ ፍራቅ frangere fraction (to) fractionner

ቀሚስ ቀሚስ ቀሚጽ ካሚዝ camisia chemise chemise

ቀኖና፡(ቀነነ) ቀኖና ቀኑን ካኖን canonicus canon canon

ቀርን፡(ቀረነ) ቀንድ ቄሬን ቀርን ቃርና cornu horn corne

ቅርጽ ቅርጽ ሔራጥ ኻራክቴር character character caractère

ሮደ (ዘመተ) ሩድ ራደ raid (to) (raid)

ርትዕ፡(ረቲዕ) ርትዕ፥ርት፡ ሬታዕ ኦርቶስ rectus right (ortho-) droit (di-rect)

(ረታ)

ሩዝ ሩዝ ኦሬዝ ሩዛ ሩዝ oruza orizum rice riz

ሰይጣን፡(ሴጠነ) ሰይጣን ሳጣን ሸይጣን ሳጣና ሻታን Satan Satan Satan Satan

ሰከት፡(ሰከተ) ሰከቴ (ሽካት) secta sect secte

ሰሌዳ፡ ሰሌዳ ሼሌድ ሴሊዳ slate

ሰሙን፡(ሰመነ) ሳምንት ሸሙዐ ሻማኑ ሙሳሚ፟ semaine

ሶከር ሱካር/ስኳር ሱካር ሸካ፟ር ሳኻሪስ succarum sugar sucre

ስም፡(ሰመየ) ስም ሼም ኢስም ሽም/ሲያሙ ሴማ seman- seman-

ስንኣ፡(ሰንአ) (ደኅና) ሰንአ sanus sane sain

ሰንበት፡(ሰብዐ) ሰንበት ሻባት ሻብታ ሰብት ሳባቶን sabbatum sabbath sabbat

ስፍር፡[ቍጥር] ስፍር ሳፋር ስፍር ስፍራ cifera cipher chiffre

ተውር ቶራ ታውራ Taurus Taurus Taureau

ክ.3.20030827 79 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ተቀጥላ፡3፤የኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡ድምጥ፡በሮማይስጥ፡ፊደል፡ሲደምጥ
Appendix 3: Transliteration of the Ethiopian Alphabet in Latin Characters•Appendice 3:
Translittération du alphabet éthiopien en caractères latins

ግእዝ፡(1 ኛ) ካዕብ፡(2 ኛ) ሣልስ፡(3 ኛ) ራብዕ፡(4 ኛ) ኃምስ፡(5 ኛ) ሳድስ፡(6 ኛ) ሳብዕ፡(7 ኛ)

1st order•1er ordre 2nd order•2eme 3rd order•3eme 4th order•4eme 5th order•5eme 6th order•6eme 7th order•7eme
ordre ordre ordre ordre ordre ordre

አ = 'a ኡ = 'ou ኢ = 'i ኣ = 'a ኤ = 'é እ = ' ኦ = 'o

በ = be ቡ = bou ቢ = bi ባ = ba ቤ = bé ብ = b ቦ = bo

ቨ = ve ቩ = vou ቪ = vi ቫ = va ቬ = vé ቭ = v ቮ = vo

ገ = ge ጉ = gou ጊ = gi ጋ = ga ጌ = gé ግ = g ጎ = go

ደ = de ዱ = dou ዲ = di ዳ = da ዴ = dé ድ = d ዶ = do

ዸ = dhe ዹ = dhou ዺ = dhi ዻ = dha ዼ = dhé ዽ = dh ዾ = dho

ጀ = dje ጁ = djou ጂ = dji ጃ = dja ጄ = djé ጅ = dj ጆ = djo

ሀ = ha ሁ = hou ሂ = hi ሃ = ha ሄ = hé ህ = h ሆ = ho

ወ = we ዉ = wou ዊ = wi ዋ = wa ዌ = wé ው = w ዎ = wo

ዘ = ze ዙ = zou ዚ = zi ዛ = za ዜ = zé ዝ = z ዞ = zo

ዠ = je ዡ = jou ዢ = ji ዣ = ja ዤ = jé ዥ = j ዦ = jo

ሐ = ha ሑ = hou ሒ = hi ሓ = ha ሔ = hé ሕ = h ሖ = ho

ኀ = ha ኁ = hou ኂ = hi ኃ = ha ኄ = hé ኅ = h ኆ = ho
98
ጠ = tte ጡ = ttou ጢ = tti ጣ = tta ጤ = tté ጥ = tt ጦ = tto

ጨ = ttche ጩ = ttchou ጪ = ttchi ጫ = ttcha ጬ = ttché ጭ = ttch ጮ = ttcho

የ = ye ዩ = you ዪ = yi ያ = ya ዬ = yé ይ = y ዮ = yo

ከ = ke ኩ = kou ኪ = ki ካ = ka ኬ = ké ክ = k ኮ = ko

ኸ = khe ኹ = khou ኺ = khi ኻ = kha ኼ = khé ኽ = kh ኾ = kho

ለ = le ሉ = lou ሊ = li ላ = la ሌ = lé ል = l ሎ = lo

መ = me ሙ = mou ሚ = mi ማ = ma ሜ = mé ም = m ሞ = mo

ነ = ne ኑ = nou ኒ = ni ና = na ኔ = né ን = n ኖ = no

ኘ = gne ኙ = gnou ኚ = gni ኛ = gna ኜ = gné ኝ = gn ኞ = gno

ሠ = se ሡ = sou ሢ = si ሣ = sa ሤ = sé ሥ = s ሦ = so

ዐ = 'a ዑ = 'ou ዒ = 'i ዓ = 'a ዔ = 'é ዕ = ' ዖ = 'o

ፈ = fe ፉ = fou ፊ = fi ፋ = fa ፌ = fé ፍ = f ፎ = fo

ጸ = tse ጹ = tsou ጺ = tsi ጻ = tsa ጼ = tsé ጽ = ts ጾ = tso

ፀ = tse ፁ = tsou ፂ = tsi ፃ = tsa ፄ = tsé ፅ = ts ፆ = tso

98 "ዸ", "ጠ", "ጨ", "ጸ", "ፀ", "ቀ", "ቐ" and "ጰ", in their seven orders, do not have equivalents in western
phonetics; the above transliterations of these letters are less than approximative•"ዸ", "ጠ", "ጨ", "ጸ",
"ፀ", "ቀ", "ቐ", et "ጰ", dans les sept ordres, n'ont pas d'équivalents dans la phonétique occidentale; les
translittérations ci-dessus de ces lettres sont moins qu'approximatives.
ክ.3.20030827 80 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ግእዝ፡(1 ኛ) ካዕብ፡(2 ኛ) ሣልስ፡(3 ኛ) ራብዕ፡(4 ኛ) ኃምስ፡(5 ኛ) ሳድስ፡(6 ኛ) ሳብዕ፡(7 ኛ)

1st order•1er ordre 2nd order•2eme 3rd order•3eme 4th order•4eme 5th order•5eme 6th order•6eme 7th order•7eme
ordre ordre ordre ordre ordre ordre

ቀ = qe ቁ = qou ቂ = qi ቃ = qa ቄ = qé ቅ = q ቆ = qo

ቐ = qhe ቑ = qhou ቒ = qhi ቓ = qha ቔ = qhé ቕ = qh ቖ = qho

ረ = re ሩ = rou ሪ = ri ራ = ra ሬ = ré ር = r ሮ = ro

ሰ = se ሱ = sou ሲ = si ሳ = sa ሴ = sé ስ = s ሶ = so

ሸ = she ሹ = shou ሺ = shi ሻ = sha ሼ = shé ሽ = sh ሾ = sho

ተ = te ቱ = tou ቲ = ti ታ = ta ቴ = té ት = t ቶ = to

ቸ = tche ቹ = tchou ቺ = tchi ቻ = tcha ቼ = tché ች = tch ቾ = tcho

ጰ = ppe ጱ = ppou ጲ = ppi ጳ = ppa ጴ = ppé ጵ = pp ጶ = ppo

ፐ pe ፑ = pou ፒ = pi ፓ = pa ፔ = pé ፕ = p ፖ = po

ዲቃላና፡ሌሎች፡ፊደሎች•labio-velars & others•labio-vélaires & autres

ኧ = e 99 = 'we  = 'wi  = 'wa  = 'wé  = 'w  = u100

 = bwe  = bwi ቧ = bwa  = bwé  = bw  = bu

 = vwe  = vwi ቯ = vwa  = vwé  = vw  = vu

ጐ = gwe ጒ = gwi ጓ = gwa ጔ = gwé ጕ = gw  = gu

 = dwe  = dwi ዷ = dwa  = dwé  = dw  = du

 = dhwe  = dhwi ዿ = dhwa  = dhwé  = dhw  = dhu

 = djwe  = djwi ጇ = djwa  = djwé  = djw  = dju

 = he101  = hwe  = hwi ሇ = hwa  = hwé  = hw  = hu

 = we  = wi ዏ = wa  = wé  = w  = wu

 = zwe  = zwi ዟ = zwa  = zwé  = zw  = zu

 = jwe  = jwi ዧ = jwa  = jwé  = jw  = ju

 = he  = hwe  = hwi ሗ = hwa  = hwé  = hw  = hu

 = he ኈ = hwe ኊ = hwi ኋ = hwa ኌ = hwé ኍ = hw  = hu

 = ttwe  = ttwi ጧ = ttwa  = ttwé  = ttw  = ttu

 = ttchwe  = ጯ = ttchwa  =  = ttchw  = ttchu

ttchwi ttchwé

 = ywe  = ywi ዯ = ywa  = ywé  = yw  = yu

99 በዋዜማ፡2002-3 ፡አቀማመርና፡ቅርጸቶች፡ብቻ፡የሚገኙ፡ዐዳዲስ፡ኅርመቶች•new characters available

only in Wazéma፡2002-3  encoding and fonts (Private Use Area)•nouveaux caractères disponibles dans
Wazéma2002-3  uniquement.
100 እንደ፡ፈረንሳይኛ፡(ለምሳሌ፥lumière)ና፡እንደ፡ጀርመንኛ፡(ለምሳሌ፥Tübingen)፡ባሉ፡ቋንቋዎች፡የሚሰ፟ማ፟፥በኢትዮጵያ፡
ቋንቋዎች፡የማይገኝ።
101 በዋዜማ፡2001 ና፡በተከታይ፡ክለሳዎች፡አቀማመርና፡ቅርጸቶች፡ብቻ፡የሚገኙ፡ዐዳዲስ፡ኅርመቶች•new
characters available only since Wazéma፡2001  (Private Use Area)•nouveaux caractères disponibles depuis
Wazéma2001  uniquement.
ክ.3.20030827 81 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ኰ = kwe ኲ = kwi ኳ = kwa ኴ = kwé ኵ = kw  = ku

ዀ = khwe ዂ = khwi ዃ = khwa ዄ = khwé ዅ = khw  = khu

 = lwe  = lwi ሏ = lwa  = lwé  = lw  = lu

 = miya  = mwe  = mui ሟ = mwa  = mwé  = mw  = mu

 = nwe  = nwi ኗ = nwa  = nwé  = nw  = nu

 = gnwe  = gnwi ኟ = gnwa  = gnwé  = gnw  = gnu

 = swe  = swi ሧ = swa  = swé  = sw  = su

 = 'we  = 'wi ዗ = 'wa  = 'wé  = 'w  = 'u

 = fwe  = fwi ፏ = fwa  = fwé  = fw  = fu

 = tswe  = tswi ጿ = tswa  = tswé  = tsw  = tsu

 = tswe  = tswi ፇ = tswa  = tswé  = tsw  = tsu

ቈ = qwe ቊ = qwi ቋ = qwa ቌ = qwé ቍ = qw  = qu

ቘ = qhwe ቚ = qhwi ቛ = qhwa ቜ = qhwé ቝ = qhw  = qhu

 = riya  = rwe  = rwi ሯ = rwa  = rwé  = rw  = ru

 = swe  = swi ሷ = swa  = swé  = sw  = su

 = shwe  = shwi ሿ = shwa  = shwé  = shw  = shu

 = twe  = twi ቷ = twa  = twé  = tw  = tu

 = tchwe  = tchwi ቿ = tchwa  = tchwé  = tchw  = tchu

 = ppwe  = ppwi ጷ = ppwa  = ppwé  = ppw  = ppu

 = pwe  = pwi ፗ = pwa  = pwé  = pw  = pu

ክ.3.20030827 82 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ተቀጥላ፡4፤ፕሮሎግ-ቅመራ፡ባማርኛ
Appendix 4: PROLOG Programming in Amharic•Appendice 4: Programmation PROLOG en amharique

ፕሮሎግ፥በአግባብ፡ወይም፡"ሎጂክ"፡ላይ፡የተመሠረተ፡የስሌት፡ቋንቋ፡ነው።አሉ፟፡ከሚባሉት፡የስሌት፡ቋንቋዎች፡
ውስጥ፡በኀያልነቱ፡ግንባር፡ቀደሙ፡ነው፡ማለት፡ይቻላል።ስለ፡ፕሮሎግ፡በሰፊው፡መዘርዘር፡በተገባ፡ነበር፥ነገር፡
ግን፥ጊዜውና፡ቦታው፡ይን፡ዕድል፡ስለማይሰጠን፥ቋንቋውን፡ለማያውቁትና፡ማወቅ፡ለሚሹ፥"Prolog"፡
ወይም፡"logic programming•programmation logique"፡ብሎ፡ኢንተርኔትን፡ቢያሥሡ፥ዝርዝሩን፡በቀላሉ፡
ያገኛሉ።

ባጪሩ፡ለመግለጽ፡ያኽል፥Prolog፥ባ1964፡ዓ.ም፡አለን፡ኮልሜሬር፡(Alain Colmerauer)ና፡ፊሊፕ፡ሩሴል፡
(Philippe Roussel)፡የተባሉ፡የUnivérsité de Marseille፡(ደቡብ፡ፍራንስ)፡ኹለት፡ፈረንሳውያን፡
ተመራማሪዎች፥ቀደም፡ብሎ፥በምርምር፡ደረጃ፡አለን፡ሮቢንሰን፡(Alan Robinson፥አሜሪካዊ)ና፡ሮበርት፡
ኮቫልስኪ፡(Robert Kowalski፥ብሪታንያዊ)፡የደረሱበትን፡"resolution principle•principe de résolution"፡ወይም፡
የፍቺ፡መርሕ፡ተከትለው፥በተለይ፡ለሰብኣዊ፡ቋንቋ፡አኺዶ፡(natural language processing•traitement de
langage naturel)፡እንዲውል፡ያከናወኑት፡የስሌት፡ቋንቋ፡ነው።
ስለ፡ፕሮሎግ፥ከጥራቱ፡ጋራ፥እዚህ፡ላይ፡የምናስተውለው፥ሙሉ፡በሙሉ፥በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደሎች፡ልንቀምርበት፡
መቻላችንን፡ይኾናል።እስከማውቀው፡ድረስ፥የፕሮሎግን፡ያኽል፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ፊደል፡መቀመርን፡የሚያስችል፡ሌላ፡
የስሌት፡ቋንቋ፡የለም።ለማስረጃ፡ያኽል፥ከዚህ፡ቀጥለን፥አንድ፡እጅግ፡አነስተኛ፡የፕሮሎግ፡ቅምርን፡
ወይም፡"program"ን፡እናበጃለን።

የተለያዩ፡የፕሮሎግ፡ማሰናጃዎች፡(compiler•compilateur)፡በነጻም፡በዋጋም፡ይገኛሉ።ዕድለኛዎች፡ኾነን፥በዋጋ፡
ያገኘውን፡በነጻ፡የሚያድል፡እውነተኛ፡ባለጸጋ፡የኾነ፥ያን፡ቪለሜከር፡(Jan Wielemaker)፡የተባለ፥በሆላድ፡
የአምስተርዳም፡ዩኒቨርሲቲ፡ተመራማሪ፡የሚያበጀው፡መቀመሪያ፥SWI-Prolog፥ከኢንተርኔት፡በነጻ፡
ይገኛል፤መርበቢያው፥http://www.swi-prolog.org፡ነው።SWI-Prolog፥በዓለም፡ላይ፡ካሉት፡የፕሮሎግ፡
መቀመሪያዎች፡ዅሉ፥በጥራት፣በምላትና፡በዘመናዊነት፡በመዠመሪያ፡ከሚጠ፟ሩት፡ውስጥ፡ነው፤ባማርኛ፡
መቀመርን፡በማስቻል፡ግን፡ተወዳዳሪ፡እስካኹን፡አልተገኘለትም።

ቅመራውን፡ከመዠመራችን፡በፊት፥SWI-Prolog፡የኢትዮጵያን፡ፊደሎች፡እንዲያገኛቸው፡ቅርጸቱን፥ለምሳሌ፥

"A0 Addis Abeba Unicode"

ብለን፡እንምረጥለት።

Prolog is a very high level computer Prolog est un langage de programmation

programming language, based on Logic informatique de très haut niveau, fondé sur la
Programming, developed in 1971-2 at the Programmation Logique. Il a été développé en
University of Marseilles, by two French 1971-2, par deux chercheurs français, le
researchers, Professor Alain Colmerauer and professeur Alain Colmerauer et le professeur
Professor Philippe Roussel, based on the Philippe Roussel, de l'Université de Marseille, en
theoretical works on logic programming in s'appuyant sur les travaux théoriques concernant
general and the resolution principle in la programmation logique en général, et le
particular, by the American, Professor Alan principe de la résolution, en particulier, de
Robinson, and the Briton of Polish origin, l'américain, professeur Alan Robinson, et du
Professor Robert Kowalski. britannique d'origine polonaise, professeur Robert
Kowalski.
Prolog has become the programming language
of choice for Artificial Intelligence and Natural PROLOG est devenu le langage de choix pour la
Language Processing applications. réalisation d'applications dans les domaines de
l'intelligence artificielle ou du traitement du
The very simple and yet powerful syntax of
langage naturel.
PROLOG gives the unique opportunity of
programming with it in the Ethiopic script as L'extrême simplicité (et puissance) de la syntaxe
well as any script. This has been made possible, du langage PROLOG donne l'unique opportunité de
to a large extent, by the existence of a Prolog programmer en PROLOG, en utilisant le script
compiler, SWI-Prolog, developed by the Dutch éthiopien aussi bien que les scripts du reste du
ክ.3.20030827 83 ዋዜማ፡2003
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researcher Jan Wielemaker and his development monde. Ceci est rendu possible, en grande
team at the University of Amsterdam (with partie, par l'existence d'un compilateur Prolog,
considerable input from some of the finest appelé SWI-Prolog, développé par le chercheur
specialists in the field). As the best things in hollandais Jan Wielemaker et son équipe de
life, SWI-Prolog is freely available from développement à l'Université d'Amsterdam (avec
Internet: aussi un apport considérable de spécialistes
parmi les meilleurs dans le domaine). Comme les
meilleures choses dans la vie, SWI-Prolog est
disponible librement sur Internet, à partir de:

http://www.swi-prolog.org

To illustrate the point, we will develop a toy- Pour illustrer ce point, on va développer une
application, consisting in a word extraction application triviale servant d'outil d'extraction de
tool. mots.

የምናበጀው፡መግበር፡አንድ፡አነስተኛ፡የቃላት፡መልቀሚያን፡ይኾናል፤ግብሩም፦

● ያንድን፡ጽሑፍ፡ቃላት፡አንድ፡ባንድ፡ለቅሞ፡መዘርዘርና፥

● እያንዳንዱ፡ቃል፡ምን፡ያኽል፡ጊዜ፡በጽሑፉ፡ውስጥ፡እንዳገለገለ፡ማሳየት፡ይኾናል።

ስልቱም፦

1 ኛ፤ የተለቃሚውን፡ሰነድ፡ስምና፡የልቅሞቹን፡መመዝገቢያ፡ሰነድ፡ስም፡መቀበል፤

2 ኛ፤ የተለቃሚውን፡ሰነድ፡ቃላት፡(ድግግሞሽ-አልቦ)፡ነጥሎ፡መዘርዘር፤

3 ኛ፤ እያንዳንዱን፡ቃል፥እሰነዱ፡ውስጥ፡ካገለገለበት፡ጊዜ፡ጋራ፡ሰንድዶ፥በስንድድ፡ተራ፡መዝግቦ፡
መያዝ፤

4 ኛ፤ስንድድ፡ተራውን፡እመመዝገቢያው፡ሰነድ፡ውስጥ፡መመዝገብ፥ወይም፡በመሳተፊያው፡አማካይነት፡
መክሠት።

የመግበሩን፡ስም፡"ቃላትን፡መልቀሚያ"፥የቅምሩን፡ስም፡"ቃላትንመልቀሚያ.pl"፡እንበል፤የቅምሩንም፡
ይዘት፥ከክንዋኔው፡ጋራ፥እንሆ፦

% "ቃላትን፡መልቀሚያ"፥የጽሑፍን፡ቃላት፡ማውጫ፡ንኡስ-መግበር

% word extraction toy tool•mini-outil d'extraction de mots

%__________________________________________[ የሰነድ_ቃላትን_መመዝገብ
የሰነድ_ቃላትን_መመዝገብ(_ሰ,_ልቅ፟ምሰነድ):-
open(_ሰ,read,_ንባብ),
set_stream(_ንባብ, encoding(utf8)),
open(_ልቅ፟ምሰነድ,append,_ጽፈት),
set_stream(_ጽፈት, encoding(utf8)),
ቃላትን_ማንበብ(_ንባብ,_የቃላት_ተራ),
ቃላትን_መሰንደድ(_የቃላት_ተራ,_ስንድድ_ተራ),
sort(_ስንድድ_ተራ,_ልቅ፟ምተራ),
የሰነድን_ልቅ፟ሞች_መመዝገብ(_ጽፈት,_ልቅ፟ምተራ),
close(_ንባብ),
close(_ጽፈት).
%__________________________________________ የሰነድ_ቃላትን_መመዝገብ]
%__________________________________________[ የሰነድን_ቃላት_መልቀም
የሰነድን_ቃላት_መልቀም(_የሰነድ_ስም,_ልቅም_ተራ):-
open(_የሰነድ_ስም,read,_ንባብ),
set_stream(_ንባብ, encoding(utf8)),
ቃላትን_ማንበብ(_ንባብ,_የቃላት_ተራ),
ክ.3.20030827 84 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ቃላትን_መሰንደድ(_የቃላት_ተራ,_ስንድድ_ተራ),
sort(_ስንድድ_ተራ,_ልቅም_ተራ),
close(_ንባብ).
%__________________________________________ የሰነድን_ቃላት_መልቀም]
%__________________________________________[ የሰነድን_ልቅ፟ሞች_መመዝገብ
የሰነድን_ልቅ፟ሞች_መመዝገብ(_ጽፈት,[_ልቅ፟ም|_ልቅ፟ምተራ]):-
write(_ጽፈት,_ልቅ፟ም),
write(_ጽፈት,'\n'),
የሰነድን_ልቅ፟ሞች_መመዝገብ(_ጽፈት,_ልቅ፟ምተራ).
የሰነድን_ልቅ፟ሞች_መመዝገብ(_ጽፈት,[]).
%___________________________________________ የሰነድን_ልቅ፟ሞች_መመዝገብ]
%___________________________________________[ ቃላትን_ማንበብ
ቃላትን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,[_ቃል|_የቃላት_ተራ]):-
\+at_end_of_stream(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት),!,
ቃልን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,_የኅርመቶች_ተራ),
string_to_list(_ቃል_STRING,_የኅርመቶች_ተራ),
string_to_atom(_ቃል_STRING,_ቃል),
ቃላትን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,_የቃላት_ተራ).
ቃላትን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,[]).
%___________________________________________ ቃላትን_ማንበብ]
%___________________________________________[ ቃልን_ማንበብ
ቃልን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,[_ኅርመት|_የኅርመቶች_ተራ]):-
peek_char(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,_ኅርመት),
\+memberchk(_ኅርመት, [' ','፡','፥','፤','።','፧','፠','፣','፤','፨','፦','?','!','\t',';','\n','.',
end_of_file]),!,
get_char(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,_ኅርመት),
ቃልን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,_የኅርመቶች_ተራ).
ቃልን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,[]):-
get_char(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,_ኅርመት).
%ቃልን_ማንበብ(_የኅርመቶች_ዥረት,[]).
%___________________________________________ ቃልን_ማንበብ]
%___________________________________________[ ቃላትን_መሰንደድ
ቃላትን_መሰንደድ([],[]):-!.
ቃላትን_መሰንደድ([_ቃል|_የቃላት_ተራ],[(_ቃል,_ብዛት)|_ስንድድ_ተራ]):-
subtract([_ቃል|_የቃላት_ተራ],[_ቃል],_ቀሪ_የቃላት_ተራ),
length([_ቃል|_የቃላት_ተራ],_የቃላት_ተራ_ርዝመት),
length(_ቀሪ_የቃላት_ተራ,_የቀሪ_ቃላት_ተራ_ርዝመት),
_ብዛት is _የቃላት_ተራ_ርዝመት - _የቀሪ_ቃላት_ተራ_ርዝመት,
ቃላትን_መሰንደድ(_ቀሪ_የቃላት_ተራ,_ስንድድ_ተራ).
%___________________________________________ ቃላትን_መሰንደድ]
%___________________________________________[ ቃላትን_መልቀሚያ
ቃላትን_መልቀሚያ:-
new(_መሳተፊያ, dialog('ቃላትን፡መልቀሚያ')),
new(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ, editor(text_buffer(''),150, 150, 5)),
send(_መሳተፊያ, append,editor(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ)),
send_list(_መሳተፊያ, append,[
new(_ተለቃሚ_ሰነድ_ስም, text_item('የተለቃሚው፡ሰነድ፡ስም')),
new(_መልቀሚያ_ሰነድ_ስም, text_item('ልቅሞች፡የሚመዘገቡበት፡ሰነድ፡ስም')),
button(ይቅር, message(_መሳተፊያ, destroy)),
ክ.3.20030827 85 ዋዜማ፡2003
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button('የቃላት፡ልቅሞቹ፡ይመዝገቡ', message(@prolog,የሰነድ_ቃላትን_መመዝገብ,_ተለቃሚ_ሰነድ_ስም?
selection,_መልቀሚያ_ሰነድ_ስም?selection)),
button('የተለቃሚው፡ሰነድ፡ይዘት፡ይከሠት',
message(@prolog,የሰነዱን_ይዘት_መክሠት,_መሳተፊያ,_ተለቃሚ_ሰነድ_ስም?selection)),
button('የልቅሞች፡ሰነድ፡ይዘት፡ይከሠት',
message(@prolog,የሰነዱን_ልቅሞች_መክሠት,_መሳተፊያ,_መልቀሚያ_ሰነድ_ስም?selection))]),
send(_መሳተፊያ, open).
%___________________________________________ ቃላትን_መልቀሚያ]
%___________________________________________[ የሰነዱን_ይዘት_መክሠት
የሰነዱን_ይዘት_መክሠት(_መሳተፊያ,_ተለቃሚ_ሰነድ_ስም):-
new(Font,font('A0 Desta Unicode',ethiopic,14,'charset(ansi)')),
read_file_to_codes(_ተለቃሚ_ሰነድ_ስም, _የሰነዱ_ኅርመቶች, [encoding(utf8)]),
string_to_atom(_የሰነዱ_ኅርመቶች, _የሰነዱ_ይዘት),
get(_መሳተፊያ,member,editor,_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ),
send(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ,font,font('A0 Desta Unicode',ethiopic,14)),
send(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ, clear),
send(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ, append, _የሰነዱ_ይዘት).
%___________________________________________ የሰነዱን_ይዘት_መክሠት]
%___________________________________________[ የሰነዱን_ልቅሞች_መክሠት
የሰነዱን_ልቅሞች_መክሠት(_መሳተፊያ,_መልቀሚያ_ሰነድ_ስም):-
new(Font,font('A0 Desta Unicode',ethiopic,14,'charset(ansi)')),
read_file_to_codes(_መልቀሚያ_ሰነድ_ስም, _የልቅሞቹ_ኅርመቶች, [encoding(utf8)]),
string_to_atom(_የልቅሞቹ_ኅርመቶች, _የልቅሞች_ይዘት),
get(_መሳተፊያ,member,editor,_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ),
send(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ,font,font('A0 Desta Unicode',ethiopic,14)),
send(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ, clear),
send(_የሰነዱ_መክሠቻ, append, _የልቅሞች_ይዘት).
%___________________________________________ የሰነዱን_ልቅሞች_መክሠት]

%ፍጻሜ

የቅምር፡ክንዋኔ•program execution•execution de programme

'ቃላትን_መልቀሚያ.pl'፡የተባለው፡ቅምር፡ሲከናወን፦

1)፡በመሳተፊያው፡አማካይነት፥የተለቃሚውን፡ሰነድ፡ስምና፡ልቅ፟ሞቹ፡የሚመዘገቡበትን፡ሰነድ፡ስም፡ካመለከቱ፡በዃላ፥"የቃላት፡
ክ.3.20030827 86 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ልቅ፟ሞች፡ይመዝገቡ"፡የሚለውን፡ዝራር፡ሲጠቍሙት፥የልቅ፟ሞቹ፡ምዝገባ፡ይከናወናል።

2)፡ቀጥሎ፥"የተለቃሚው፡ሰነድ፡ይዘት፡ይከሠት"፡የሚለውን፡ዝራር፡ሲጠቍሙት፥የሰነዱ፡ጠቅላላ፡ይዘት፡እመሳተፊያው፡
ላይ፡ይከሠታል።(ለማረጋገጫ፡ያኽል፥"ተስዓቱ፡ቅዱሳን.txt"፡የተባለው፡ሰነድ፡እጐኑ፡ይታያል)

3)፡በመጨረሻም፥"የልቅ፟ሞች፡ሰነድ፡ይዘት፡ይከሠት"፡የሚለውን፡ዝራር፡ሲጠቍሙት፥የልቅ፟ሞቹ፡ስንድድ፡ተራ፡እመሳተፊያው፡
ላይ፡ተዘርዝሮ፡ይከሠታል።(በተለይ፡ረዥም፡ጽሑፍን፡ለማረም፡ሲነሡ፥ጠቅላላውን፡ጽሑፍ፡ከማንበብ፡በፊት፥የቃላቱን፡
ልቅ፟ሞች፡እንደዚህ፡ሰብስቦ፥አብዛኛውን፡ስሕተቶች፡በቀላሉና፡በፍጥነት፡ለማግኘትና፡ለማረም፡ያስችላል።)
ክ.3.20030827 87 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ተቀጥላ፡5፥ዐማርኛና፡ግእዝ፡እንዲሁም፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፥ካንዳንድ፡የዓለም፡ቋንቋዎችና፡ጻሕፎች፡ጋራ፡ሲነጻጸሩ።
Appendix 5 : G'z-Amharic and the Ethiopic script Compared to Other Languages and Scripts
Appendice 5 : g'z-amharique et l'écriture éthiopienne comparées à d'autres langues et écritures

ዮሐንስ፡ወንጌል፡ምዕራፍ፡1፡ቍ.1፡ላይ፡የሰፈረው፡ዐረፍተ፡ነገር፥ባንድ፡ወገን፡በ 8፡ልዩ፡ልዩ፡ቋንቋዎች፡በስንት፡ቃላት፡
እንደሚነገርና፥በየጻሕፋቸው፡(በያጻጻፋቸው)፡ደግሞ፡በስንት፡ፊደላት፡እንደሚጻፍ፡አሳይተን፥በሌላው፡ወገን፥ጥቅሱ፡
በየቋንቋው፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ጻሕፍ፡ወይም፡በኢትዮጵኛ፡ቢጻፍ፡ስንት፡ፊደላት፡እንደሚያስፈልጉት፡እናመለክትና፥ኢትዮጵኛ፡
ከሌሎቹ፡ጻሕፎች፡ሲነጻጸር፡ምን፡ያኽል፡ፊደላት፡እንደሚቈጥብ፡በመጨረሻው፡ዐምድ፡እናመለክታለን።

The following table shows on the one hand, the La table ci-dessous montre, d'une part, le nombre de
usage of words and letters in the enunciation of mots et de lettres utilisés dans l'énoncé du chapitre 1
Chapter 1 verse 1 of the Gospel according to Saint versé 1 de l'Évangile selon Saint Jean, en huit langues
John, for eight different languages in their différentes en leurs écritures respectives; et, d'autre
respective scripts; and on the other hand, their part, leur translittération en l'écriture éthiopienne et les
transliteration in the Ethiopic script and the économies de lettres correspondantes (indiquées dans la
corresponding economy of letters (last column]. dernière colonne].
(በ"አበገደ"፡ተራ•in ABeGeDe order•par ordre ABeGeDe)

ቋንቋ ጥቅሱ፡በመደባይ፡ጻሕፉ፡ወይም፡በ"ቁቤ" ቃላት ፊደላት ጥቅሱ፡በኢትዮጵኛ፡ጻሕፍ ፊደላት በ/አ

language quote in own or "Latin" script words (አ) transliteration in Ethiopic script (በ)
langue citation dans son écriture propre ou mots letters translittération en écriture éthiopienne letters
en écriture "latine" lettres lettres

እንግሊዝኛ In the beginning was the Word, 17 60 ኢን፡ዘ᎗፡ቢጊኒንግ፡ወዝ፡ዘ᎗፡ 38 0.63

English and the Word was with God, and ወርድ፥ኤንድ፡ዘ᎗፡ወርድ፡ወዝ፡
anglais the Word was God. ዊዝ᎗፡ጎድ፥ኤንድ፡ዘ᎗፡ወርድ፡ወዝ፡
ጎድ።

ግእዝ ቀዳሚሁ፡ቃል፡ውእቱ፥ወውእቱ፡ 11 40
G'z ቃል፡ኀበ፡እግዚአብሔር፡ውእቱ፥
ወእግዚአብሔር፡ውእቱ፡ቃል።

ጀርመንኛ Im Anfang war das Wort, und das 17 55 ኢም፡አንፋንግ፡ቫር፡ዳስ፡ 40 0.73

German Wort war bei Gott, und Gott war ቮርት፥ኡንት፡ዳስ፡ቮርት፡ቫር፡
Allemand das Wort. ባይ፡ጎት፥ኡንት፡ጎት፡ቫር፡ዳስ፡
ቮርት።

ዐማርኛ በመዠመሪያው፡ቃል፡ነበረ፥ቃልም፡ 10 41
Amharic በእግዚአብሔር፡ዘንድ፡ነበረ፥ቃልም፡
amharique እግዚአብሔር፡ነበረ።

ዐረብኛ ‫في البدء كان الكلمة والكلمة كان عند الله‬ 11 85 ፊይ፡እልበድዒ፡ካነ፡እልከሊመቱ፥ 49 0.58
Arabic ‫وكان الكلمة الله‬. ወእልከሊመቱ፡ካነ፡ዒንዳ፡አላ፟ህ፥
arabe ወካነ፡እልከሊመቱ፡አላ፟ህ።

ዕብራይስጥ ‫ א( להם‬$‫ה א) ת ה‬$‫ י‬$‫ ר ה‬$‫דּב‬$ &‫ ר ו" ה‬$‫דּב‬$ &‫ה ה‬$‫ י‬$‫כּ" !ראשית ה‬ 11 74 በሬእሺት፡ሀያህ፡ሀዳባር፥ወሀዳባር፡ 45 0.61
Hebrew ‫ להים׃‬+‫ה א‬$‫ י‬$‫ ר ה‬$‫דּב‬$ &‫ו" הוא ה‬ ሀያህ፡ኤት-ሀኤሎሂም፥ወሁእ፡
hébreu ሀዳባር፡ሀያህ፡ኤሎሂም።

ፈረንሳይኛ Au commencement était la Parole, 16 69 ኦ፡ኮማንሰማን፡ኤቴ፡ላ፡ 34 0.49

French et la Parole était avec Dieu, et la ፓሮል፥ኤ፡ላ፡ፓሮል፡ኤቴታቬክ፡
français Parole était Dieu. ዲየ፥ኤ፡ላ፡ፓሮል፡ኤቴ፡ዲየ።

ሮማይስጥ In principio erat Verbum et 13 57 ኢን፡ፕሪንሲፒዮ፡ኤራት፡ቬርቡም፥ 42 0.74

Latin Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus ኤት፡ቬርቡም፡ኤራት፡አፑድ፡
erat Verbum. ዴኡም፥ኤት፡ዴኡስ፡ኤራት፡
ቬርቡም።

ሱማልኛ Bilowgii waxaa jiray Ereyga, 13 71 ቢሎውጊ፡ዋሓ፡ጂራይ፡ 46 0.65

Somali Ereyguna wuxuu la jiray Ilaah, ኤሬይጋ፥ኤሬይጉና፡ዉሑ፡ላ፡
somalien Ereyguna wuxuu ahaa Ilaah. ጂራይ፡ኢላህ፥ኤሬይጉና፡ዉሑ፡
አሃ፡ኢላህ።

ውጤቱን፡አንባቢ፡ይፍረደው•The reader is free to interpret the results•Au lecteur d'interpréter les résultats
ክ.3.20030827 88 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ተቀጥላ፡6፤ስለግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ቃላት፡አጻጻፍ፣አገባብና፡ትርጕም፡መጠንቀቅ።
Appendix 6 : On G'z and Amharic Spelling•Appendice 6 : sur l'orthographie g'z et amharique
"ስሕተትም፡የሠለጠነበት፡ምክንያት፥ጥፈትና፡ትምርት፡ተባብረው፡ባንድ፡ሰው፡እጅ፡ስላልተገኙ፡
ነው።ጥፈት፡የማያውቁ፡መምህራን፥የተጣፈውን፡ከመተርጐም፡በቀር፥የጸሐፍትን፡ስሕተትና፡
ግድፈት፡ማረምና፡ማቅናት፡እንዳይችሉ፥ሰዋስው፡የማያውቅ፡ጸሓፊም፡መልክአ፡
ፊደሉን፣ሐረጉን፣ቅጠሉን፣አጣጣሉን፡ብቻ፡ከማሳመር፡በቀር፥ንባቡንና፡አገባቡን፡አጥርቶ፡
ማወቅ፥ፊደሉን፡መጠንቀቅ፡አይችልም።"

ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፥መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፥ገ.6

ቃል፥ከባለቤቱ፡ዘንድ፡በድምፅ፡ወይ፡በጽሑፍ፡ወጥቶ፡እተቀባዩ፡ዘንድ፡ሲደርስ፥መልእክቱን፡
አስተላልፎ፥የተፈለገውን፡ለውጥ፡ወይም፡ውጤት፡እንዲያስገኝ፥በትኽክል፡ተነግሮ፥በትኽክል፡
መንበብ፣መነበብ፥ወይም፡መድመጥ፣መደ፟መጥ፡ይኖርበታል።ትኽክልነት፡ሲጓደል፥ውጤትም፡ይጓደላል።ይህ፡
ለንግግርም፣ለጽሑፍም፡ይረጋል።

ንግግርና፡ጽሑፍ፡በእግረኛና፡በመኪነኛ፡አካኼድ፡ይመሰላሉ።

እግረኛ፡መንገዱን፡ሲኼድ፥እንዳመቸው፥በመንገዱ፡ግራም፡ቀኝም፡ሊኾን፡ይችላል፤ግፋ፡ቢል፥ያክብሮትና፡
የመሳሰሉ፡ወጎችና፡ባህሎች፡ይኖሩታል።በማነኛውም፡ኹኔታ፥ጕዳቱ፡መለስተኛ፡ስለሚኾን፥እግረኛ፡የ"ትራፊክ"፡
ሕግ፡የለበትም።እንደዚሁ፥ንግግር፥ብዙውን፡ጊዜ፡አገባብን፡አይጠነቅቅም፥አረፍተ፡ነገርን፡አይሞላም፤በዘዬ፡
እያቈላመጠ፥በቃለ፡አጋኖ፡እየደገፈ፥በቃለ፡አኅስሮ፡እየገደፈ፥ድምፅን፡እያገነታ፡ወይም፡እያሾከሾከ፥ራስን፡
እየነቀነቀ፥ፊትን፡እያፈካ፣አለዚያም፡እያኰሳተረ፥ወዘተ.፥በጥቂት፡ቃላት፡ብዙ፡ይናገራል፥ይግባባል።

የመኪና፡መንገድ፡ግን፥አደጋው፡ጽኑ፡ጕዳትን፡ሊያስከትል፡ስለሚችል፥የማያከብረውን፡የሚያስቀጣ፡ጥብቅ፡
ሥርዐት፡አለው።ነጂው፦ቀኝኽን፡ኺድ፣ቅደም፣አስቀድም፣ቁም፡ይባላል፤ምልክቶችን፡አክብር፣ኀላፊነቶችኽን፡
ዕወቅ፥ብታጠፋ፡በሕግ፡ፊት፡ትጠየቃለኽ፡ይባላል።ጽሑፍም፡ይህን፡የመሰለ፡ሥርዐት፡አለው።"ባፍ፡ያለ፟፡
ይረሳል፤በጽሑፍ፡ያለ፟፡ይወረሳል"፡እንዲሉ፥በጽሑፍ፡ያለ፡ዅሉ፡ጕዳዩን፡ይዞ፡ይኖራል።ይዘቱም፥ለፍቅር፡ኾነ፡
ለጠብ፣ለጥቅም፡ኾነ፡ለጕዳት፣ለዋጋ፡ኾነ፡ለብላሽ፣ለቁም፡ነገር፡ኾነ፡ለከንቱ፥ጸሓፊውንና፡የተጻፈለትን፡
ወገን፥አንባቢን፡በጠቅላላው፡ያገናኛል፥ያጠያይቃል።ስለዚህ፥ያጻጻፍ፣ያገባብና፡የትርጕም፡ትኽክልነት፥ለጽሑፍ፡
መልእክት፡ተሰሚነት፣ለሥርጭቱ፡ቅልጥፍና፣ለውጤቱም፡ስምረት፡ዐይነተኛው፡ዋስትና፡ነው።

የማስሊያ፡ዋነኛው፡አገልግሎት፥የያዛቸውን፡ልቅ፟ሞች፡ወይም፡አላዶች፡(data)፡በፊደል፡ተራ፡
መሰደሩና፥የተፈለገውን፡አላድ፡በቅጽበት፡አግኝቶ፡መስጠቱ፡ነው።የማስሊያን፡ችሎታ፡ሙሉ፡በሙሉ፡
እንድንጠቀምበት፥አላዶችን፡በሥርዐት፡ልንመዘግባቸው፡ያሻል።ለምሳሌ፥የስልክ፡ማውጫን፡በማስሊያ፡እንመዝግብ፡
ብንል፥"አበበ"፡በሚል፡መጠሪያ፡ምናልባት፡ያ 1000፡ሰው፡ስልክ፡ቍጥር፡ይመዘገብ፡ይኾናል።የ"አበበ"፡
ትኽክለኛው፡አጻጻፍ፡ይው፡"አበበ"፡ብቻ፡ነው፤"ኣበበ"ም፡"ዐበበ"ም፡"ዓበበ"ም፡ስሕተት፡ነው።የስልክ፡መዝገቡ፡
በሥርዐት፡የተመዘገበ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥"አበበ"ዎች፡ዅሉ፡በአልፍ፡አ-ግእዝ፡ቤት፡ተሰድረው፡ይገኛሉ።አላግባብ፡
ተመዝግበው፡ቢኾን፡ግን፥የ"አበበ"ዎችን፡ስልክ፡ቍጥር፡ቢያሥሡ፡"አበበ"፡ተብለው፡በትኽክል፡የተመዘገቡትን፡
እንጂ፥"ኣበበ"፥ወይ፡"ዐበበ"፡ወይም፡"ዓበበ"፡ተብለው፡በተሳሳተ፡አጻጸፍ፡የተመዘገቡተን፥በተሰጠው፡የማሰሻ፡
ዝርዝር፡ማስሊያው፡ሊያገኛቸው፡አይችልም።ስለዚህ፥የአላድ፡ወይም፡የልቅ፟ም፡ዅሉ፡አመዘጋገብ፡ትኽክል፡በኾነ፡
መጠን፥የማስሊያውን፡ዐቅም፡የተሻለ፡እንሠራበታለን፤የመልእክታችንም፡ሥርጭት፡የበለጠ፡ይቀለጥፍልናል።

ይህ፥ማስሊያው፡የሚያስገኘን፡ተጨማሪ፡ጥቅም፡ነው።እላይ፥እቀደሙት፡መነሻዎች፡ላይ፡የጠቀስናቸው፡ጥቅሞች፡
(ማለት፥አጻጻፍን፣አገባብንና፡ትርጕምን፡ከመጠንቀቅ፡የሚገኙት፡ጥቅሞች)፡ደግሞ፡መሠረታውያን፡
102
ናቸው፤በዝርዝር፡እንመልከታቸው ።

1. ፊደልን፡መጠንቀቅ103።

1.1. ያማርኛ፡ከግእዝ፡መወለድ፥የቃላቱን፡ትርጕም፣ድምፅና፡አጻጻፍ፥እንዲሁም፡የቋንቋውን፡
አገባብ፥በመጠኑም፡ቢኾን፥ይወስነዋል።ካማርኛ፡ቃላት፥በግምት፡90%ው፡በቀጥታ፡ከግእዝ፡
ተወርሰዋል፤ቀሪው፡ደግሞ፡ከሌሎች፡የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፡ወይም፡ከውጭ፡አገር፡ቋንቋዎች።

1.2. በቀጥታ፡ከግእዝ፡የተወረሱት፡ቃላት፥ወይ፡በቁሙ፡(ማለት፡በትርጕምም፣በድምፅም፣ባጻጻፍም፡
ሳይለወጡ)፥አለዚያም፡ከጥቂት፡ለውጥ፡ጋራ፡ተወርሰዋል።ለምሳሌ፥ግእዝ፡"ቀደሰ"፡ያለውን፡
ዘር፥ዐማርኛም፡ትርጕም፡ሳይለውጥ፥ፊደልም፡ሳይቀንስ፣ሳይጨምር፥በቁሙ፡"ቀደሰ"፡

102 ስለ፡ግእዝና፡ስላማርኛ፡የፊደል፣ያገባብና፡የትርጕም፡አጠነቃቀቅ፡ሥርዐት፥ቀደም፡ብሎ፡ከተጠቀሱት፥ካለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡
ክፍሌና፡ካለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡መጻሕፍት፡ሙሉ፡መረጃ፡ይገኛል።ለዚህ፡ሥራ፡የጠቀሙኝ፡እነዚህ፡መጻሕፍት፡
ናቸው፤በተለይ፡ደግሞ፥መጻሕፍቱን፡ያስተዋወቁኝ፥አገልግሎታቸውን፡ያስገነዘቡኝ፥እንዲሁም፡ከራሳቸው፡ሰፊ፡ተመክሮና፡
ጥልቅ፡ዕውቀት፡ያካፈሉኝ፥ባንድ፡ቃል፣ያስተማሩኝ፡ክ.፡ሊ.፡ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡ናቸው።በጽሑፌ፡የሚገኘው፡
ስሕተት፡ዅሉ፡ግን፥የኔና፡የኔ፡ብቻ፡መኾኑ፡ይታወቅልኝ።
103 መጠንቀቅ፤"ጠ"፡ይላላል።
ክ.3.20030827 89 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ይለዋል።ግእዝ፡"ጸሐፈ"፡ያለውን፥ዐማርኛ፡"ጸ"ንና፡"ሐ"ን፡አዋሕዶ፥"ጻፈ"፡
ይለዋል።እንዲሁም፥ግእዝ፥"ዐ"ንና፡"ወ"ን፡አዋሕዶ፡"ዖቀ"፡ያለውን፥ዐማርኛ፡"ወ"ን፡ለይቶ፡
አድምጦ፡"ዐወቀ"፡ይለዋል።

1.3. ዐማርኛ፡ከግእዝ፡የወረሳቸውን፡ቃላት፡በድምፅ፡ሲለውጣቸው፥ፊደሎቻቸው፡ርስ፡በርሳቸው፡የሚወራረሱበት፡
ደንብ፡አለ።ለምሳሌ፥ግእዝ፡"ሀለወ"፡(ኖረ)፡ያለውን፥ዐማርኛ፡"አለ፟"፡ብሎ፥"ሀሌታው-ሀ"ን፡በ"አልፉ-
አ"፡ይተካዋል።በጠቅላላው፥ፊደሎች፡ርስ፡በርሳቸው፡የሚወራረሱበትን፡ደንብ፡የሚከተለው፡ሰንጠረዥ፡
ከብዙው፡በጥቂቱ፣ከረዥሙ፡ባጪሩ፡ይከሥትልናል፤

ተወራራሽ፡ፊደሎች ግእዝ ዐማርኛ

"ሀሌታው-ሀ"ን፡"አልፉ-አ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ ሀገር አገር

ሀይመነ አመነ

"ድልት-ደ"ን፡"ጀ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ እድ እጅ
ፈራዲ ፈራጅ

"ዛይ-ዘ"ን፡"ዠ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ ዘገነ ዠገነ ‣ዠግና፡ኾነ

ዘመረ ዠመረ
ዝእብ ዥብ

"ሐመሩ-ሐ"ን፡"ዐይኑ-ዐ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ ሐገገ ዐገገ

ሐሰበ ዐሰበ

"ኀርሙ-ኀ"ን፡"ዐይኑ-ዐ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ ኀብአ ዐባ፡(ደበቀ)

ኀይለ ዐየለ
ኀተመ ዐተመ

"ካፍ-ከ"ን፡"ኸ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ ክልኤት ኹለት

ኵሉ ዅሉ/ኹሉ
ኮነ ኾነ

"ነጉሡ-ሠ"ን፡"ሸ"፡ይወርሰዋል፤ ሤጠ ሸጠ
ሤመ ሾመ/ሠየመ

"ጸሎቱ-ጸ"ን፡"ጠይቱ-ጠ"ና፡"ጨ"፡ይወርሱታል፤ ጸብእ ጠብ
ጸፈነ ጨፈነ
ሐጸረ ዐጠረ፡(ዐጥርን)
ኀጽረ ዐጠረ፡(ዐጪር፡ኾነ)
ዐጸረ ዐጠረ፡(ጠመቀ፥ዐጣሪ)

"ፀሓዩ-ፀ"ን፡"ጠይቱ-ጠ"ና፡"ጨ"፡ይወርሱታል፤ ፀመደ ጠመደ

ፀመረ ጨመረ

1.4 "አልፉ-አ"፥"ዐይኑ-ዐ"፥"ሀሌታው-ሀ"፥"ሐመሩ-ሐ"፥"ኀርሙ-ኀ"፥"ዋዌው-ወ"፥በግእዙ፡ቃል፡መኻል፡
ወይም፡በቃሉ፡መጨረሻ፡የተገኙ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥ብዙውን፡ጊዜ፡ዐማርኛ፡ይውጣቸዋል፥ወይም፡የቀደማቸውን፡
ፊደል፡ራብዕ፡አድርጎ፡ያዋሕዳቸዋል፤ለምሳሌ፥

ግእዝ ዐማርኛ

ገብአ ገባ

ኀብአ ዐባ፡(ደበቀ)

ጠብሐ ጠባ፡(ዐረደ፥በለተ)

ጠበወ ጠባ፡(ጡት፡ጠባ)

ጸብሐ ጠባ፡(ነጋ፥መስከረም፡ጠባ)

ጸሐፈ ጻፈ

ፈርሀ ፈራ

ትምህርት ትምርት

ትዕግሥት ትግሥት

ወዘተ.
ክ.3.20030827 90 ዋዜማ፡2003
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1.5 በግእዝና፡ባማርኛ፡ዲቃላ፡ፊደል፡ያሉባቸው፡ቃላት፡የተወሰኑ፡ናቸው።ኾኖም፥የካዕብ፡ድርቦች፡(እነ"ጕ፡ኍ፡
ኵ፡ቍ፡...")፥እንዲሁም፡የግእዝ/ሳብዕ፡ድርቦች፡(እነ"ጐ፡ኈ፡ኰ፡ቈ፡...")፡ብዙውን፡ጊዜ፡
ያሳስቱናል።ለምሳሌ፥"ጐደለ"፡ማለት፡ሲገባ፡"ጎደለ"፡ተጽፎ፡ይታያል፤አፍራሻውን፥"ቆመ"፡ማለት፡
ሲገባ፡"ቈመ"፥ወዘተ.።ለዚህ፡መድኀኒቱ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላትን፡አይቶ፡ማረጋገጥ፡ነው።ዘሩ፡ዲቃላ፡ፊደል፡
ያለው፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥ርባታው፡አብዛኛውን፡ጊዜ፡በዲቃላ፡ፊደል፡ይቀጥላል፤ለምሳሌ፦

ጐደለ፥ጐዳይ፥ጕዳይ፥ጕድለት፥ጐደሎ፥ጕዳ፟ሌ፥ወዘተ.

1.6. ባማርኛ፥ነጠላና፡ብዙ፡እቃሉ፡መጨረሻ፡ላይ፡በሚታከል፡ምእላድ፡ይለ፟ያ፟ሉ።ነጠላው፡ቃል፡በሳድስ፡
ቢያልቅ፥ብዙ፡ሲኾን፡ሳድሱ፡ሳብዕ፡ይኾንና፡በ"ች"፡ያልቃል።አለዚያ፥ቃሉ፡እንዳለ፡ኾኖ፥"ዎች"፡ምእላድ፡
ይታከልበታል፤ለምሳሌ፦

ቤት ‣ ቤቶች

ሥራ ‣ ሥራዎች

በር ‣ በሮች

በሬ ‣ በሬዎች

"በሬ"ን፡ሲበዛ፡"በሬዎች"፡በማለት፡ፋንታ፥"ሮ"ን፡አላልተው፡"በሮች"፡የሚሉ፡አሉ፥በተለይ፡
በንግግር።በጽሑፍ፡ግን፥አሻሚ፡ስለሚኾን፥"በሬዎች"፡ማለቱን፡ብዙዎች፡ይመርጣሉ።በሳድስ፡የማያልቁ፡
ቃሎችን፡ዅሉ፡በ"ዎች"፡ማብዛቱ፡የትርጕም፡አሻሚነትን፡ያስወግዳል።

ጓዳ ‣ ጓዳዎች

ጓድ ‣ ጓዶች

ከግእዝ፡የተወረሰ፡የማብዛት፡ዘይቤ፡ባማርኛም፡ይገኛል፤ለምሳሌ፡በግእዝ፡ነጠላው፡"ካህን"፡ሲበዛ፡"ካህናት"፡
እንደሚሠኝ፥ባማርኛም፡ነጠላው፡"ካህን"፡ሲበዛ፡እንደ፡ግእዙ፡"ካህናት"፡ሊሠኝ፡ይቻላል፥አለዚያም፡
ባማርኛው፡የማብዣ፡ዘይቤ፡"ካህኖች"፡ማለት፡ይቻላል።"ካህናቶች"፡ማለት፡ግን፡አይገባም፤የግእዝንና፡
ያማርኛን፡ብዢዎች፡ስለደራረበ፥ትርፍ፡ነው፤ወይ፡"ካህኖች"፡ማለት፥አለዚያም፡"ካህናት"፡ማለት፡ይበቃል።

1.7. ሣልስ፡ቅጽሎች፡ዅሉ፥ባለሦስት፡ፊደል፡የኾኑቱ፥ኹለተኛ፡ፊደላቸው፡ራብዕ፡ይኾናል፤ባላራት፡ፊደል፡
የኾኑቱ፡ደግሞ፡ሦስተኛ፡ፊደላቸው፡ራብዕ፡ይኾናል፥ወዘተ.፤ለምሳሌ፦

ገጠመ ‣ ገጣሚ

ጸሐፈ ‣ ጸሓፊ

መዘገበ ‣ መዝጋቢ

"ሀ"ና፡"ሃ"፥"ሐ"ና፡"ሓ"፥"ኀ"ና፡"ኃ"፥ድምፃቸው፡አንድ፡ቢኾንም፥ሟያቸው፡መለያየቱን፡እናስተውላለን።

1.8. በ"ረ"፡ቤት፡በሚዠምሩ፡ቃላት፡መነሻ፡"እ"ን፡የማስገባት፡የተለመደ፡ስሕተት፡አለ፤ለምሳሌ፡"ረመደ"፡
ብሎ፡"ርምጃ"፡ማለት፡ሲገባ፡"እርምጃ"፡ማለት፡ስሕተት፡ነው፤እንደዚሁም፡"ረዳ"፡ብሎ፡"ርዳታ"፡ማለት፡
ሲገባ፡"እርዳታ"፡ማለት፡ስሕተት፡ነው።"እ"፡ምእላድ፡ኾኖ፡ባገባብነት፡ሲገባ፡መድረሻን፡
ያመለክታል፤ለምሳሌ፡"አበበ፡እቤቱ፡ገባ"፡ቢል።እንደዚሁም፥የትንቢት፡አንቀጽ፡ሥር፡
ሲኾን፥"እበላ"፡"እጠጣ"፡ያሠኛል።

1.9. አንዳንድ፡የውጭ፡ቋንቋዎችን፡ቃላት፡በኢትዮጵኛ፡ሲጽፏቸው፥የ"አ"፣የ"ሀ"፥ወይም፡የ"ሰ"፡ድምፅ፡
ያለባቸው፡እንደ፡ኾነና፡የቃላቱ፡ዘር፡በግእዝ-ዐማርኛም፡አንድ፡ወይም፡ተመሳሳይ፡ቢኾን፥ፊደልን፡
መጠንቀቅ፡ይኖራል።ለምሳሌ፥ዐረብ፡"‫مكنص‬-መክነስ"፡ቢል፥ቃሉ፡በግእዝም፡"ከነሰ"፡(ሰበሰበ)፡ከሚለው፡
ስለሚወጣ፡በ"ሳቱ-ሰ"፡እንጂ፡በ"ነጉሡ-ሠ"፡ሊጽፉት፡አይገባም።እንደዚሁ፥ዐረብ፡"‫س ’لطان‬-ሡልጣን"፡
ቢል፥ቃሉ፡በግእዝም፡ከ"ሠለጠ"፡ስለሚገሰስ፥በንጉሡ-ሠ፡ልንጽፈው፡ይገባል።በጽርእ፡(በግሪክ)፡
ደግሞ፡"Omega"፡ቢል፥በመሠረቱ፡"ዖሜጋ"፡በፊደልነት፡ከ"ዐይኑ-ዐ"፡የተገኘ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ከ"ኦሜጋ"፡
ይልቅ፡"ዖሜጋ"፡ብለው፡በ"ዐይኑ-ዐ"፡ሊጽፉት፡ይገባል።እንግዲህ፥የዓለም፡ቋንቋዎችን፡ቃላት፡ዘር፡ዅሉም፡
ሰው፡ካላወቀው፡ማለት፡አይቻልም።የሚያውቁ፡እያረሙ፡ቢጽፉ፥የማያውቁ፡እየጠየቁ፡ቢያርሙ፥ዅሉ፡
ይሰምራል።ዘሩ፡የማይታወቅ፡ቃል፡ቢኾን፡ግን፥በ"አልፉ-አ"፣በ"ሀሌታው-ሀ"፣በ"ሳቱ-ሰ"፡መወ፟ሰኑ፡
ይሻላል።ለምሳሌ፡"Alaska"፥ቃሉ፡ለግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ባጋምም፡በቀጋ፡ስለማይዘመድ፥"ዐላስካ"፡
ወይ፡"ዓላስካ"፡ወይም፡ደግሞ፡"ኣላስካ"፡ብሎ፡ከመጻፍ፡ይልቅ፥"አላስካ"፡ብሎ፡በ"አልፉ-አ-ግእዝ"፡
መወ፟ሰኑ፡ይቀላል።እንደዚሁ፥"Scotland"፡ቢል፥"ሥኮትላንድ"፡ብሎ፡ከመጻፍ፡ይልቅ፥"ስኮትላንድ"፡ብሎ፡
በ"ሳቱ-ሰ"፡መወ፟ሰኑ፡ይሻላል።

1.10. ብዙዎቻችን፡ስላላከበርነው፡እንጂ፥የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡አጻጻፍስ፡ጥብቅ፡ሥርዐት፡አለው፤ሥርዐቱም፡
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ቅን፣ገር፣ተገቢ፡እንጂ፥አንዳች፡ጠማማ፣ወልጋዳ፥ወይ፡ማስረጃ-አልቦ፣ልብ፡ወለድ፡ነገር፡
የለውም።በዚህ፡ምክንያት፥በላዩ፡ታላቅ፡"ሕንጻ"፡ሊታነጽበት፡ይችላል።የማንኛውም፡ያማርኛ፡ወይ፡የግእዝ፡
ቃል፡ተገቢ፡አጻጻፍ፡ዅል፡ጊዜም፡ቢኾን፡አንድና፡አንድ፡ብቻ፡ነው።ለምሳሌ፥"ሥርዐት"፡የሚለውን፡ሳቢ፡
ዘር፥በስምንት፡ዐይነት፡መንገድ፡መጻፍ፡ይቻላል፦

ሥርዐት  ስርዐት 

ሥርዓት  ስርዓት 

ሥርአት  ስርአት 

ሥርኣት  ስርኣት 

ተገቢው፡ግን፡የመዠመሪያው፡"ሥርዐት"፡ብቻ፡ነው።ዘሩ፡"ሠርዐ"፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥"ሳቱ-ሰ"ና፡"አልፉ-አ"፡
ተገቢነት፡የላቸውም፤ከዚህ፡ወዲያ፥"ዐይኑ-ዐ"ም፡ቢኾን፥ተገቢው፡ግእዙ-ዐ፡እንጂ፡ራብዑ-ዓ፡ስሕተት፡
ነው።ለምሳሌ፥

ዘሩን፡ "ሰመረ"፡ ብሎ፥ ሳቢ፡ዘሩን፡ "ስምረት"፡ እንጂ፡ "ስምራት"፡ አይሉም።

ዘሩን፡ "በለጠ"፡ ብሎ፥ ሳቢ፡ዘሩን፡ "ብልጠት"፡ እንጂ፡ "ብልጣት"፡

አይሉም።

እንደዚሁ፥

ዘሩን፡ "ሠርዐ"፡ ብሎ፥ ሳቢ፡ዘሩን፡ "ሥርዐት"፡ እንጂ፡ "ሥርዓት"፡ አይሉም።

ወዘተ.።ራብዑ፡የሚውለው፡ብዛትን፡ለማመልከት፡(ም.፤ብዙኅ፥ብዙኃን/ብዙኃት)፥ወይም፣እላይ፡(1.7)፡
እንዳየነው፥በሣልስ፡ቅጽል፡(ም.፤ጸሐፈ፥ጸሓፊ፤ገበረ፥ገባሪ)፡ነው።

1.11. መደምደሚያውን፥የግእዝንና፡ያማርኛን፡አጻጻፍ፡ሥርዐት፡በመንገዱ፡ቢከተሉት፥ከቀላልነቱ፡
የበለጠ፥ምስጢርን፡መግለጹ፣አእምሮን፡ማነጹ፣ዐሳብን፡ማደርጀቱ፣አስተሳሰብን፡ማስፋቱ፣ነገርን፡
ማገናዘቡ፣ጥቅሙ፡በጠቅላላው፡እጅግ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ዅል፡ጊዜም፡በደስታ፡ይመላለሱበታል፤ከዚያም፡ወዲያ፡
የፊደል፡ስሕተት፥እንደ፡ነውር፡ዅሉ፥ያጸ፟ይፋል፣ያሠ፟ቀጥጣል።አለመንገዱ፡ግን፥ዐቀበት፡ነው፤አይዘለቅም።

2. አገባብን፡መጠንቀቅ።

2.1. የዐቢይና፡የደቂቅ፡አገባቦች፡አጻጻፍ፥ካልተጠነቀቁለት፥የትርጕም፡ለውጥን፡ወይም፡አሻሚነትን፡ያስከትላል።

2.2. ዐቢይና፡ደቂቅ፡አገባብ፡የተባሉ፡እነ፡"እ፥እንደ፥እስከ፥በ፥ወደ፥ስ፥ሲ፥..."፡ናቸው።

2.3. ካገባቡና፡አገባቡ፡ከሚጫነው፡ስም፡(ወይ፡አንቀጽ)፡መካከል፡"የ"፡ተውጦ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፥አገባቡና፡ስሙ፡
ይዋደዳሉ፡(ይጣበቃሉ)፥አለዚያ፡በየራሳቸው፡ተለይተው፡ይጻፋሉ።ለምሳሌ፥

"እንደእግዚአብሔር፡ባሪያ፡ኹኑ፡እንጂ፡..." (1 ኛ፡ጴጥ.፥2፥16)

ሲል፡

"እንደ፡የእግዚአብሔር፡ባሪያ፡ኹኑ፡እንጂ፡..."

ማለቱ፡ነው፤"የ"፡ተውጧል።ስለዚህ፥"እንደእግዚአብሔር"፡ብሎ፡ኹለቱን፡ቃል፡ባንድ፡ቃል፡አዋዶ፡
ይጽፏል።እንዲሁም፤

"ስለ፡ክርስቶስ፡መነቀፍ፡..." (ዕብ.፥11፥25)

ብሎ፡በኹለት፡ቃል፡የተጻፈውን፥

"ስለክርስቶስ፡..."

ብሎ፡ባንድ፡ቃል፡መጻፍ፥የተዋጠ፡"የ"፡አልነበረምና፥እከባድ፡የትርጕም፡ስሕተት፡ላይ፡ይጥላል።

2.4. ዐቢይ፡አገባቦች፡("እ፥እንደ፥እስከ፥በ፥ወደ፥ከ፥ስ፥ሲ፥...ወዘተ.")፡አንቀጽን፡ሲጫኑ፡ወይም፡
ሲቀድሙ፥አንቀጹ፡በ"አ"፣በ"ኣ"፣በ"ዐ"፣ወይም፡በ"ዓ"፡ፊደል፡ቢዠምር፥ፊደሉ፡ተውጦ፡ዐቢይ፡አገባቡና፡
አንቀጹ፡ተዋደ፟ው፡ይጻፋሉ፤መዋደጃ፡ፊደላቸውም፡ራብዕ፡ይኾናል፥ወይም፡በ"ያ"፡ይተ፟ካ፟ል።ለምሳሌ፦

እንደ፡አማረ ‣ እንዳማረ

ስለ፡ዐሰበ ‣ ስላሰበ

ስ፡አገኝ ‣ ሳገኝ

ሲ፡አገኝ ‣ ሲያገኝ
ክ.3.20030827 92 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
2.5. ደቂቅ፡አገባቦች፡("እ፥እንደ፥እስከ፥በ፥ወደ፥ከ፥...ወዘተ.")፡ስምን፡ሲጫኑ፡ወይም፡ሲቀድሙ፥ስሙ፡
በ"አ"፣በ"ኣ"፣በ"እ"፣በ"ዐ"፣በ"ዓ"፣ወይም፡በ"ዕ"፡ፊደል፡ቢዠምር፥ፊደሉ፡ተውጦ፡ደቂቅ፡አገባቡና፡
ስሙ፡ተዋደ፟ው፡ይጻፋሉ፤መዋደጃ፡ፊደላቸውም፥እንደ፡ኹኔታው፥ራብዕ፡ወይም፡ሳድስ፡
ይኾናል።ለምሳሌ፦

እንደ፡አገሩ ‣ እንዳገሩ

ስለ፡ዐሳቡ ‣ ስላሳቡ

እስከ፡እገር ‣ እስከግር

ኾኖም፥ይኛው፡የደቂቅ፡አገባቦች፡ዐዋጅ፡ዐልፎ፡ዐልፎ፡የትርጕም፡አሻሚነትን፡
ስለሚያስከትል፥አንዳንዶች፡አይቀበሉትም።ለምሳሌ፥"በእግራቸው፡ኼዱ"፡ያለውን፥"እ"ን፡ውጦ፡"በግራቸው፡
ኼዱ"፡ቢል፡"በግራ፡አቅጣጫ፡ኼዱ"፡አሠኝቶ፡ትርጕም፡ይለውጣል፥ያሻማል።ለኅብርና፡ለሠምና፡ወርቅ፡
ጨዋታ፡ግን፡እጅግ፡ያመቻል።

2.6. የ"ነበረ"፡የ"ነው"ና፡የ"ነበር"፡ሟያ፡ይለያያል።"ነበረ/ነው"፡አለ፣ኖረ፡ማለት፡ኾኖ፥ባ 10 ሩ፡ሰራዊት፡

ይዘረዘራል፡("ነበረ"፣"ነበርኽ"፣"ነበረች"፣"ነበርሽ"፣.../ "ነው"፣"ነኽ"፣"ነች"፥"ነሽ"፣ወዘተ.)።"ነበር"፡
ግን፡በትንቢትና፡በቦዝ፡አንቀጽ፡መጨረሻ፡እየገባ፡አይዘረዘርም፡("ነው"ም፡እንደዚሁ፡የማይዘረዘርበት፡
ኹኔታ፡አለ)።ለምሳሌ፦

•"ማን፡ያርዳ፧የቀበረ፤ማን፡ይመስክር፧የነበረ።"

•"እግዚአብሔርም፡ያደረገውን፡ዅሉ፡አየ፥እንሆም፡እጅግ፡መልካም፡ነበረ።"

•"ምድርም፡ባዶ፡ነበረች፥አንዳችም፡አልነበረባትም፤ጨለማም፡በጥልቁ፡ላይ፡
ነበረ፤የእግዚአብሔርም፡መንፈስ፡በውሃ፡ላይ፡ሰፎ፟፡ነበር።" ("ሰፎ፟"፡ቦዝ፡አንቀጽ፡
ስለ፡ኾነ፥"ሰፎ፟፡ነበር"፡ይላል፡እንጂ፥"ሰፎ፟፡ነበረ"፡አይልም።)

•"አብርሃምና፡ሣራም፡በዕድሜያቸው፡ሸምግለው፡ፈጽመው፡አርጅተው፡ነበር።"
("አርጅተው"፡ቦዝ፡አንቀጽ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥"አርጅተው፡ነበሩ"፡ቢል፡ስሕተት፡ይኾናል።)

3. ትርጕምን፡መጠንቀቅ።

3.1. ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡"አልፍ-አ"ንና፡"ዐይን-ዐ"ን፡ባጻጻፍና፡በትርጕም፡እንጂ፡በድምፅ፡አይለዩም፤እንደዚሁ፡
ባንድ፡ወገን፥"ሀሌታው-ሀ"ን፡"ሐመሩ-ሐ"ን፡"ኀርሙ-ኀ"ን፤በሌላው፡ወገን፥"ጸሎቱ-ጸ"ንና፡"ፀሓዩ-ፀ"ን፡
ባጻጻፍና፡በትርጕም፡እንጂ፡በድምፅ፡አይለዩም።ለምሳሌ፥"ነጸረ"ና፡"ነፀረ"፡ድምፃቸው፡አንድ፡
ሳለ፥አጻጻፋቸው፡ይለያያል፤ያጻጻፋቸው፡መለየት፡የትርጕም፡ልዩነታቸውን፡ያመለክታል።"ነጸረ"፡በ"ጸሎቱ-
104
ጸ"፡ሲጻፍ፡"አየ"፡ማለት፡ነው፤በ"ፀሓዩ-ፀ"፡ሲጻፍ፡ደግሞ፡"ለየ"፡ማለት፡ነው ።

አበየ፡(እምቢ፡አለ) ዐበየ፡(ከፍ፡አለ)

አደመ፡(አማረ) ዐደመ፡(ቀጠረ)

አደፈ፡(ጐደፈ፥ቈሸሸ) ዐደፈ፡(ጠረገ፥ወለወለ)

አዘዘ፡(ትእዛዝ፡ሰጠ) ዐዘዘ፡(ጸና፥በረታ)

አሰረ፡(ጠፈረ) ዐሠረ፡(ዐሥር፡አደረገ)

ውሑድ፡(የተዋሐደ) ውኁድ፡(የጐደለ)

ሕብር፡(ቀለም) ኅብር፡(ኅብረት)

ሐለየ፡(አመሰገነ)‣ማሕሌት ኀለየ፡(ዐሰበ)‣ኅሊና

ሠለጠ፡(ሠለጠነ) ሰለጠ፡(ጨረሰ)

ሠየመ፡(ሾመ) ሰየመ፡(ሰመየ፥ስም፡አወጣ)

ሠርዌ/ሠራዊት፡(ዐምድ/ዐምዶች) ሰርዌ/ሰራዊት፡(ጦረኛ/ጦረኛዎች)

ፈጸመ፡(ጨረሰ) ፈፀመ፡(ዘጋ)

ቀረጸ፡(ቀረጠ) ቀረፀ፡(ሸለተ)

እንግዲህ፥"ያማርኛ፡ፊደል፡ይቀነስ፤አንድ፡'አ'፥አንድ፡'ሀ'፥'አንድ፡'ጸ'፥አንድ፡'ሰ'፡ይበቃል"፡የሚለው፡
ሐሳብ፥ከጥቅሙ፡ጕዳቱ፡ያመዝናል፡ብለን፥አንዴ፡ለመቼውም፡እንደመድማለን።

104 ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፤ርብሐ፡ስም፡ወአንቀጽ።ገጽ፡65-66 ን፡መመልከት።

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3.2. የፊደላቱ፡አወራረስ፡ደንብ፡እላይ፡እንደተዘረዘረው፡ቢኾንም፥ባግባቡ፡በሥራ፡መዋል፡
አለበት።ለምሳሌ፥"ጠባይ"፡ማለት፡ሲገባ፡"ጸባይ"፡ማለት፡ስሕተት፡ነው፤"ጠባይ"፡በግእዝም፡"ጠባይእ"፡
ነውና፤"ጸ"ን፡"ጠ"፡ቢወርሰው፡እንጂ፡"ጠ"ን፡"ጸ"፡አይወርሰውም።እንደዚሁ፥"ጠበል"፡(የፈለቀ፡
ውሃ፥ወይም፡የዝክር፡ጠላ)፡ማለት፡ሲገባ፥"ጸበል"፡ቢሉ፡ትርጕሙ፡ይለያል፤"ጠበል"፡በግእዝም፡
ያው፡"ጠበል"፡ነው፤"ጸበል"፡ያሉ፡እንደ፡ኾነ፡ደግሞ፥"ዐቧራ"፡ማለት፡ነው።

3.3. ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡ባጻጻፍና፡በትርጕም፡እንጂ፡በድምፅ፡የማይለይዋቸውን፡ፊደሎች፥ሌሎች፡ሴማውያን፡
የኢትዮጵያ፡ቋንቋዎች፥(ትግርኛና፡ትግረ)፥እንደ፡ዐረብ፥ዕብራይስጥና፡ሱርስት፥በድምፅም፡
ይለይዋቸዋል።"መሀረ"፡(ትምህርት፡አስተማረ)ና፡"መሐረ"፡(ምሕረት፡አደረገ)፡በፊደልና፡በትርጕም፡
የተለዩትን፡ያኽል፡በድምፅም፡ይለ፟ያ፟ሉ፟፤የ"ሐመሩ-ሐ"፡ድምፅ፡"ከሀሌታው-ሀ"፡ይጠነክራል፥ጕረሮን፡
ያስከፍታል።እንደዚሁ፥ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡"እኅት"፡ያሉትን፦

ዐረብኛ፡‫•أ ’خت‬ኡኅት፡ብሎ፥"ኅ"ን፡አሻክሮ፡ያነበዋል፤

ዕብራይስጥም፡‫ת‬.‫•אחו‬አኆት፡ብሎ፥"ኆ"ን፡አሻክሮ፡ያነበዋል።
105
3.4. በዘመናችን፥በተለይ፡በማወራኛዎች ፡የሚዛመቱ፡የተለመዱ፡ስሕተቶቸ፡አሉ።ገቢርና፡ተገብሮን፡
ካለመለየት፡የሚመጡ፡ስሕተቶች፤ለምሳሌ፦"ተወከለ"፡በሚባልበት፡"ወከለ"፡ማለት፡የተለመደ፡ስሕተት፡
ነው፤ወካይ፡ባለቤት፡ነው፥ተወካይ፡ደግሞ፡ባለቤቱ፡የወከለው፥የውክልናው፡ተቀባይ፡ነው።"አበበች፡
ሕዝብን፡ወክላ፡መጣች"፡ቢል፥ባለቤቱን፡ዘርፍ፥ዘርፉን፡ባለቤት፡አድርጓልና፥ተሳስቷል።ማለት፡
የሚገባው፥"አበበች፡በሕዝብ፡ተወክላ፡መጣች"፥ወይም፡"አበበች፥ሕዝብ፡ወክሏት፡መጣች"፥ወይም፡
ደግሞ፡"ሕዝብ፡አበበችን፡ወክሎ፡ላካት"።

3.5. ፊደልን፡ወይም፡ትርጕምን፡ካለመለየት፡የሚሳሳቱትም፡አለ።ለምሳሌ፦

•ቀጣና፡(መተላለፊያ፥መሰ፟ምሪያ)፡ለማለት፥ቀጠና፡(ረኃብ)፡ማለት፤

•ቅርታ፡(ቅር፡መሠኘት)፡ለማለት፥ቅሬታ፡(ትርፍ፥ትራፊ፤አለዚያም፡የ"ቅሬ"፡ንግግር)፡ማለት፤

•አዘብጣጭ፡(ጐታች፥እዃላ፡የሚያስቀር)፡ለማለት፥አድኃሪ፡(መራቂ፥የዃላ፡ሰው፡አድራጊ)፡ማለት፤

•ማማረጫ፡(የሚያማርጡት፡ዕቃ፡ወይ፡ነገር)፡ለማለት፥አማራጭ፡(ዐብሮ፡የሚያማርጥ፡ሰው)፡ማለት፤

•ሟያን፡መዋል፡ለማለት፡ሚና106፡መጫወት፡(ቃል፡በቃል፡"ወገን፡መጫወት⁈")፡ማለት፤

ወዘተ.፥ይህ፡ዅሉ፡ሊያርሙት፡የሚገባ፡የተለመደ፡ስሕተት፡ነው።

3.6. አባባሎችን፡ከውጭ፡ቋንቋ፡ቃል፡በቃል፡መመለ፟ስ፡አግባብ፡እየመሰላቸው፥አንዳንድ፡ሰዎች፡
ይሳሳታሉ።ለምሳሌ፡እንግሊዝ፡"to take decision"፡ቢል፥ለ"idiomatic"ዉ፡እንግሊዝኛ፡አግባብ፡
ይኾናል፤ላማርኛ፡ግን፡ፈጽሞ፡አይኾንም።"መወሰን"፡ብሎ፡ቀናውን፡ባማርኛ፡ማለት፡ሲገ፟ባ፟፥ቃል፡
በቃል፡"ውሳኔ፡መውሰድ"፡ብሎ፡ወዳማርኛ፡ቢመልሱት፡ትርጕምን፡ያጣል፥አስተሳሰብን፡
ያደክማል፣ያደበዝዛል፥ተናጋሪውንም፡ክፉኛ፡ያስገምታል።እንደዚሁ፥እንግሊዝ፡"take a seat"፡
ቢል፥"መቀመጫ፡ውሰድ"፡ብሎ፡ሰውን፡ከማደናገር፡ይልቅ፡"ይቀመጡ"፡ቢሉ፡ይቀናል።"ድርጅታችኹ፡
ምን፡ርምጃ፡ለመውሰድ፡ያስባል፧" ብሎ፡አንዱ፡ቢጠይቅ፥ኀላፊው፡ሲመልሱ፦ርምጃ፡ይወስዳል፡እንጂ፡
መች፡ይወ፟ሰ፟ዳል፧አሉ፡ይባላል።(በጥሩ፡ዐማርኛ፥"ድርጅታችኹ፡ምን፡ወስኗል፧" ብሎ፡ቢጠይቅ፡ያባት።)

3.7. ወደ፡ፊት፥የፊደልና፡ያገባብ፡መጠንቀቂያ፡መግበር፡("ስፔልቼከር"፥"ግራመርቼከር")፡እስኪበጅ፡
ድረስ፥የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡ቃላትን፡አጻጻፍ፣አገባብና፡ትርጕም፡ለመጠንቀቅ፥ለግእዙ፡ያለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡
ክፍሌን፡መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ፡

http://www.gzamargna.net/html/gzMezgebeQalat.html ፡መመልከት፤

ላማርኛው፡ደግሞ፥ያለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድን፡ዐዲስ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡
http://www.gzamargna.net/html/amargnaMezgebeQalat.html፡መመልከት፡ይበቃል።

3.8. እነዚህ፡ኹለት፡መዛግብተ፡ቃላት፡በጥንታዊው፡"አ፡በ፡ገ፡ደ"፡ተራ፡የተሠሩ፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ቃላቱ፡ዅሉ፡
የግእዙ፡ባንቀጽ፡ባንቀጻቸው፥ያማርኛው፡ደግሞ፡በዘር፡በዘራቸው፡በየአዕማዱ፥በዚሁ፡ተራ፡
ተሰድረዋል፤ስለዚህ፡የ"አ፡በ፡ገ፡ደ"ን፡ተራ፡ማወቁ፡ሥራን፡በጣም፡ያቀለጥፋልና፥አንድ፡አፍታ፡

105 ማወራኛ፡ወይም፡"የብዙኃን፡ማገናኛ"•media።
106 "ሚና"፡የገና፡ጨዋታም፡ኾነ፡የማንኛውም፣ቡድን፡ወይም፡ወገን፡ማለት፡እንጂ፡"ሟያ"፡(ወይም፡በፈረንጅኛ፡"role")፡
ማለት፡አይደለም።"የእግሌ፡ሚና፡ይጫወታል"፡ቢሉ፡እንኳ፡ያስኬዳል፥"እገሌ፡ሚና፡ይጫወታል"፡ማለት፡ግን፡ትርጕም፡
የለውም።
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


ብሎ፡በቃል፡መያዙ፡ይበጃል።ካምስት፡ደቂቃ፡በላይ፡አይፈጅብዎም፤ይሞክሩት!

3.9. ነገር፡ባይን፡ይገባል፡እንዲሉ፥የሚከተለው፡ሥዕል፡ደኅና፡አድርጎ፡ያስረዳናል።በሥዕሉ፡ላይ፡የምታዩት፡
ካማርኛው፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ገጽ፡951፡ላይ፡"ዐቀደ"፡የሚለው፡ዘርና፡ግሶቹ፥ዅሉም፡ከነትርጕማቸው፡
የተዘረዘሩበትን፡ኹኔታ፡ነው።የቃላቱ፡አወጣጥ፡ስልት፡እንደሚከተለው፡ነው፤ለምሳሌ፥"ማቀጃ"፡የሚለውን፡
ቃል፡(ባዕድ፡ዘር)፡ትርጕም፡ለማግኘት፥አስቀድሞ፡ዘሩን፡ማወቅ፡አለ።ዘሩ፡"ዐቀደ"፡ነው፤ስለዚህ፡
የ"ዐይኑ-ዐ"ን፡ቤት፡ለማግኘት፥እገጹ፡ዐናት፡ላይ፡ከተደረደሩት፡ፊደላት፡"ዐ"ን፡ለይቶ፡በመጠቈሚያው፡
መጠቈምና፥በዚያው፡በ"አ፡በ፡ገ፡ደ"፡ተራ፡መሠረት፥"ዐቀደ"፡የሚገኝበትን፡ገጽ፡ፈልጎ፡ማግኘት፡(ገጹ፡
በቀይ፡ቀለም፡ተመልክቷል)፡"ዐቀደ"፡ከተገኘ፡ወዲያ፥በባዕድ፡ዘር፡ተራ፡"ማቀጃ"፡ከነትርጕሙ፡ተመዝግቦ፡
ይገኛል።እንደዚሁ፥"መንገድ"፡የሚለውን፡ቃል፡ለማግኘት፥ዘሩ፡"ነገደ"፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥እ"ነ"፡ቤት፡
ኼዶ፥"ነገደ"፡የሚገኝበትን፡ገጽ፡መሻት፤"ነገደ"፡ከተገኘ፡ወዲያ፥በ"ነገደ"፡ቤት፡ውስጥ፥በባዕድ፡ዘር፡
ተራ፥"መንገድ"፡ከነትርጕሙ፡ተመዝግቦ፡ይገኛል።

ዘር፡(አድራጊ፡ዐምድ) ↘

ቅጽል ‣

አንቀጽ →

ዘር፡(ተድራጊ፡ዐምድ) ‣

3.8. የግእዙ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፡አወጣጥም፡ይንኑ፡ስልት፡የሚከተል፡ኾኖ፥ቃላቱ፡ከዘር፡ይልቅ፡ባንቀጽ፡
ይሰደራሉ።የሚከተለው፡ሥዕል፡ተጨማሪ፡ማብራሪያን፡ይሰጠናል።
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የግእዙ፡አንቀጽ ዘር፡(ቀዳማይ)
"ሐድ፟ሶ"፡ብለኽ፡ ሱርስት፡(አረማይስጥ)
አጥብቅ!
ዐረብኛ

ፍቺው
ዕብራይስጥ
ባማርኛ

ጥቅሶች
በግእዝ

የ'እግዚአብሔር'፡
ምሕጻረ፡ቃል

ተመሳሳይ፡ድምፅ፡ያላቸው፡ፊደሎች፥እንደ፡አልፍ-አ / ዐይን-ዐ፥ንጉሥ-ሠ / ሳት-ሰ፥ወዘተ.፡ቃላትን፡

ለይቶ፡ለማግኘት፡ትንሽ፡ያስቸግራሉ።ለምሳሌ፥በዐይን-ዐ፡የሚጻፈውን፡ቃል፡በአልፍ-አ፡ቤት፡ቢፈልጉት፡
አይገኝም።እንደዚሁም፥የምንፈልገው፡ቃል፡ባስደራጊ፡አንቀጽ፡ኾኖ፡መግቢያውን፡አድራጊውን፡አንቀጽ፡
ባናውቀው፡(ለምሳሌ፡"አከናወነ"፡የሚለውን፡ቃል፡ለማውጣት፥ዘሩ፡"ከነወነ"፡መኾኑን፡ባናውቅ)፡
እንቸገራለን።መዝገበ፡ቃላቱን፡ያበጁት፡ሊቃውንት፥ችግራችንን፡ተገንዝበውልን፥በተሳሳተውም፡መንገድ፡
ለሚመጣ፡መግቢያ፡በር፡ሳይነሱ፡"የምትሻውን፡ቃል፡እንዲህ፡ብለኽ፡ፊደሉን፡አስተካክለኽ፡ፈልግ"፡በሚል፡
ዐይነት፥ዘሩን፡በቅንፍ፡አመልክተው፥ወደ፡ትኽክለኛው፡መግቢያ፡ይመሩናል።ለጥቆ፡የሚታየው፡ሥዕል፡
ኹኔታውን፡የተሻለ፡ያስረዳናል።

2 'አከናወነ'፡የ'ከነወነ'፡አስደራጊ፡ዐምድ፡
ስለ፡ኾነ፥በአድራጊ፡ዐምድ፥
እ'ከ-ቤት'፡'ከነወነ'ን፡እይ።
1
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3.9. በሀገርና፡በትውልድ፡ፊት፡ታላቅ፡ኀላፊነትና፡ተጠያቂነት፡ያለባቸው፡መምህራን፣ደራስያን፣ዜነኛዎች፣
የአርትዖትና፡የማተሚያ፡ድርጅቶች፡ወዘተ.፥ከዚህ፡ቀና፟፡የፊደል፣የትርጕምና፡ያገባብ፡መጠንቀቅ፡ተልእኮ፡
በተስተካከለ፡ቀናነት፡ይተባበራሉ።ጥቂቶች፡ባይተባበሩ፡ደግሞ፥የያዘውን፡የማይለቅ፡ወረቀት፡ነገ፡ጧት፡
ምስክር፡ይኾንባቸዋል፤ለዘመናት፡ሲያስፈርድባቸውና፡ሲያስነቅፋቸው፡ይኖራል፤ገበያተኛውም፡እያደር፡ገሸሽ፡
ያደርጋቸዋል።ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ወገኖች፥ጥቅማቸውም፣ክብራቸውም፣አለኝታቸውም፡ነውና፥ተልእኮውን፡
ተልእኳቸው፡አድርገውት፡በዚህ፡በቀና፡መንገድ፡እየተጠቀሙ፡እንደሚረማመዱ፡ጥርጥር፡የለም፤ከነሱም፡
ዐልፎ፥በንጹሕ፡የንግድ፡መንፈስ፡የሚሳተፉት፡ባዕዳንም፡ቢኾኑ፥ይከተሏቸዋል።ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛን፡
አቈርቍዞና፡አጫጭቶ፡መጨረሻውን፡ለመግደል፥በምትካቸውም፡የራሳቻውን፡ባዕድ፡ቋንቋ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ላይ፡
በግፍ፡ሊጭኑባት፡የሚጠበቡ፡አገባ፟ሪ፡ኀይሎች፡ግን፥ይንን፡አካኼድ፡ፈጽመው፡ይፃረሩታል፤እንዲሰናከልና፡
እንዲከሽፍም፡ሌት፡ተቀን፡ይጣጣራሉ።በቅርቡ፥አንድ፡ደራሲ፡የብዙ፡መቶ፡ገጽ፡ድርሰቱን፡ለማሳተምና፡
ለገበያ፡ለማብቃት፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ውስጥ፡ለሚሠራ፡ባዕድ፡የማተሚያ፡ድርጅት፡ዐደራ፡ሰጥቶት፡
ነበር።የድርሰቱን፡ረቂቅ፡ሲያስረክባቸው፥በፊደልም፡ባገባብም፡የተቻለውን፡ያኽል፡አስቀድሞ፡ዐርሞና፡አሳርሞ፡
ቢኾንም፥ታትሞ፡ሲመጣለት፥ዕርማቱ፡በሙሉ፡አንድ፡ባንድ፡ፈርሰው፥በሥርዐት፡ተለቅመውና፡ተስተካክለው፡
የነበሩት፡አሻሚ፡ፊደሎችም፡(እነ"አ/ዐ"፣እነ"ሀ/ሐ/ኀ"፣እነ"ሠ/ሰ") --"በተለመደው፡አጻጻፍ"፡በሚል፡
ሰበብ፡ይመስላል-- ተበውዘውና፡ተዘባርቀው፡አገኛቸው።መጽሐፉም፡በዚህ፡ያማርኛን፡ጥራት፡በሚያጠፋ፡
በዝልጕስ፡ኹኔታው፡በገበያ፡ለሕዝብ፡ተናኘ። ይህ፥በሌላው፡ዓለም፡ከወኝጀል፡የሚቈጠርና፡የሚያስቀጣ፡
ድርጊት፥ኢትዮጵያ፡ላይ፡በገሀድ፡ይፈጸማል። ባዕድ፡ድርጅት፡በመኾኑ፥በጠላትነትም፡ይኹን፡
በዕቡይነት፥እንዲህ፡ያለውን፡እኩይ፡ድርጊት፡ቢፈጽም፡አይደንቅም፤ከዚህ፡የባሰው፥በሕዝብ፡
ገንዘብ፣ለሕዝብና፡ለሀገር፡ጥቅም፡ሊሠራ፡የሚገባው፡የኢትዮጵያ፡አካል፡የኾነው፡ዐዲስ፡አበባ፡ዩኒቨርሲቲም፡
ዐማርኛን፡በማጫጨት፡ተልእኮ፡ግንባር፡ቀደም፡መኾኑን፡ብዙ፡ኢትዮጵያውያን፡ሊቃውንት፡
አጋልጠውበታል።ተቋሙ፡ግን፥እስካኹን፥ምንም፡ዐይነት፡የመታረም፡አዝማሚያ፡አላሳየም፡ሲሉ፡ታዛቢዎች፡
ይተቹታል።ሕዝቡ፥በሚገብረው፡ግብሩና፡በገዛ፡የገበያ፡ዐቅሙ፡ሊጠቀም፡ሲገባው፥በእጅ፡
አዙር፣መጥፊያውን፡ኢንዲያፋፋበት፡የተደረገ፡ይመስላል።የኢትዮጵያ፡ሕዝብ፡ራሱን፡ገና፡
አለመግዛቱን፥የባዕዳንም፡ፈቃድ፡በኢትዮጵያ፡ላይ፡መፈ፟ጸሙንና፡መጽናቱን፡እንዲህ፡ያለው፡ድርጊት፡እንሆ፡
ማስረጃ፡ኾኖ፡ያረጋግጥብናል።...፡እስከ፡ማእዜኑ፧
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ተቀጥላ፡7፤የስምና፡አንቀጽ፡ርባታ፡በግእዝ-ዐማርኛ።
Appendix 7 : Word Generation from a Radical•Appendice 7 : génération de mots à partir d'un radical

ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡ሴማውያን፡ቋንቋዎች፡ስለ፡ኾኑ፥ካንድ፡ዘር፡ብዙ፡ስሞችን፡የማርባት፣የመግሰስ፡ድንቅ፡ጠባይ፡
አላቸው።ለምሳሌ፡"መቀደስ"፡ከሚለው፡አንቀጽ፥ካምስቱ፡አዕማድ፡አንደኛው፡ከኾነው፥ካድራጊ፡ዐምድ፡
(ከ"ቀደሰ")፡ብቻ፦"ቀዳሽ"፣"ቅዱስ"፣"መቅደስ"፣"ቅዳሴ"፣"ቅድስና"፣"ቅዱስነት"፣ወዘተ.፡ይገኛሉ።ካስደራጊ፡
አንቀጽም፡("አስቀደሰ")፥ከተደራጊ፡አንቀጽ፡("ተቀደሰ")፥ካደራራጊ፡አንቀጽ፡("አቀዳደሰ")፥ከተደራራጊ፡አንቀጽ፡
("ተቀዳደሰ")፥በዚሁ፡መንገድ፡ዐያሌ፡ስሞች፡ይረባሉ።

የሚከተለው፡ሰንጠረዥ፡የልዩ፡ልዩ፡አንቀጾችን፡ርባታ፡(በ"አድራጊ"፡ዐምድ፡ብቻ)፡ያሳያል።

የቀተለ፡ቤት የቀደሰ፡ቤት የገብረ፡ቤት የባረከ፡ቤት የሤመ፡ቤት የነደ፡ቤት የቆመ፡ቤት

ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ ግእዝ•ዐማርኛ

አርእስት ቀቲል መግደል ቀድሶ መቀደስ ገቢር ማድረግ ባርኮ መባረክ ሠዪም መሾም ነዲድ መንደድ ቀዊም መቆም

ቀቲሎት ቀድሶት ገቢሮት ባርኮት ሠዪሞት ነዲዶት ቀዊሞት

ቀዳማይ ቀተለ ገደለ ቀደሰ አመሰገነ ገብረ አደረገ ባረከ ባረከ ሤመ ሾመ ነደ ነደደ ቆመ ቆመ
ካልኣይ ይቀትል ይገድላል ይቄድስ ያመሰግናል ይገብር ያደርጋል ይባርክ ይባርካል ይሠይም ይሾማል ይነድድ ይነዳል ይቀውም ይቆማል
ዘንድ፡ ይቅትል ይገድል፡ ይቀድስ ያመሰግን፡ ይግበር ያደርግ፡ ይባርክ ይባርክ፡ ይሢም ይሾም፡ ይንድድ ይነድ፡ ይቁም ይቆም፡
አንቀጽ ዘንድ ዘንድ ዘንድ ዘንድ ዘንድ ዘንድ ዘንድ
ትእዛዝ፡ ይቅትል ይግደል ይቀድስ ያመስግን ይግበር ያድርግ ይባርክ ይባርክ ይሢም ይሹም ይንድድ ይንደድ ይቁም ይቁም
አንቀጽ
ሣልስ፡ ቀታሊ ገዳይ ቀዳሲ የሚያመሰ ገባሪ አድራጊ ባራኪ ባራኪ ሠያሚ የሚሾም ነዳዲ የሚነድ ቀዋሚ የሚቆም
ቅጽል ግን
ሳድስ፡ ቅቱል የገደለ ቅዱስ ምስጉን ግቡር ያደረገ ቡሩክ የተባረከ ሥዩም ሹም ንዱድ የነደደ ቅዉም የቆመ
ቅጽል
መስም፡ መቅትል ገዳይ መቀድስ አመስጋኝ መስተገብር አስደራጊ መሠይም ሿሚ መንድድ አንዳጅ መቀውም አቋሚ
ቅጽል
ሳቢ፡ዘር ቅትለት አገዳደል ግብረት ድርጊት በረከት (በቁሙ) ሢመት ሹመት ንደት አነዳደድ ቁመት አቋቋም
ቦዝ፡ ቀቲሎ ገድሎ ቀዲሶ አመስግኖ ገቢሮ አድርጎ ባሪኮ ባርኮ ሠየሞ ሹሞ ነዲዶ ነዶ፟ ቀዊሞ ቁሞ
አንቀጽ
ዘመድ፡ ቀትል ተጋድሎ ቀደስ ምስጋና ግብር ድርጊያ ነድ ነዲድ ቆም ቁመት
ዘር
ባዕድ፡ዘር ምቅታል መግደያ መቅደስ (በቁሙ)፡ ምግባር ማድረጊያ ምሥያም መሿሚያ ምንዳድ መንደጃ ምቋም መቋሚያ
ወይም፡
መቀደሻ
ጥሬ፡ዘር አገዳደል ቅዳሴ ምስጋና ቡራኬ መባረክ
ምዕላድ ቅድስና ቅዱስነት ግብርና ሥራነት
ባዕድ፡ መሥየም መሾሚያ
ከምዕላድ ት
መድበል ቀተልት ገዳዮች ቀደስት ቀዳሾች ገበርት ሠራተኛዎች ሠየምት ሿሚዎች
ክ.3.20030827 98 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

የስሌትኛ፡ግስ
Glossary of Informatics Terms•Glossaire de termes informatiques

በማንኛውም፡የጥናት፡መስክ፥የግስ፡ወይም፡የቃላት፡መፍቻ፡ሥራ፡የጋራ፡ዕውቀትን፡ይጠይቃልና፥በጋራ፡ሊሠ፟ራ፡
፟
ይገ፟ባ፟ዋል።በጋራ፡ሊሠ፟ራ፟፡የሚቻልበት፡ኹኔታ፡ባይገኝ፡ደግሞ፥እስኪገኝ፡ድረስ፥በሊቃውንቱ፡መጻሕፍት፡እየታገዙ፡
ሥራውን፡መቀጠል፡እንጂ፥መወዘፍ፡አይጠቅምም፡ብዬ፥የተበተነው፡እስኪሰበሰብ፥የሚከተለውን፡አሰናድቻለኹ።

የዕውቀታችን፡ማነስ፡ካልገታን፣የፈቃዳችን፡መብረድ፡ካላሰነፈን፡በቀር፥በግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡የማይነገር፡ሐሳብ፣ወይ፡
የማይገለጥ፡ምስጢር፣ወይም፡የማይደረስበት፡ምርምር፡በሌላ፡ቋንቋ፡ይኖራል፡ማለት፡ፈጽሞ፡አይቻልም።የዚህ፡
ሥራ፡መሠረት፡ይህ፡እምነት፡ነው።

በዕውቀትም፣በዐቅምም፡ማነስ፡ምክንያት፥ሥራው፥እንደምታዩት፥ጐደሎ፡ነው፤ፍጹም፡የመኾንም፡ተስፋ፡
የለውም።ግን፥የተቻለውን፡ያኽል፡ለማረምና፡ለማሟላት፡ደራሲው፡ይጣጣርበታል፤በሥራው፡ሊተባበሩ፡
የሚፈቅዱትንም፡ኾነ፥አስተያየት፡ሊለግሱት፡የሚሹትን፡በደስታ፡ይቀበላል።

"ግስ"፥ከብዙ፡ትርጕሙ፡አንዱ፥የቃላት፡ርባታ፡ማለት፡ነው፤ይውም፥ካንድ፡ዘር፡(ለምሳሌ፥ጠጣ)፡ወይም፡
ካንድ፡ነባር፡(ለምሳሌ፥ውሃ)፡ብዙ፡ቃላት፡መገኘታቸውን፡ያመለክታል፡(ተቀጥላ፡7 ን፡ይመለከቷል)።

ሴማውያን፡ቋንቋዎች፥በተለይ፡ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡እጅግ፡የዳበረ፡የመርባት፡ጠባይ፡አላቸው፤ካንድ፡ዘር፡እስከ፡
ኹለት፡መቶ፡ከዚያም፡የበዙ፡ቃላትን፡ይገሳ፟ሉ።ለምሳሌ፥"ቀደሰ"፡ያለው፡ዘር፡ባሥሩ፡መራሕያን፡(የሩቅ፡
ወንድ፣"ቀደሰ"፥የቅርብ፡ወንድ፣"ቀደስኽ"፥የሩቅ፡ሴት፣"ቀደሰች"፥የቅርብ፡ሴት፣"ቀደስሽ"፥ወዘተ.)፡ባምስቱ፡
አዕማድ፡
(አድራጊ፣"ቀደሰ"፥አስደራጊ፣"አስቀደሰ"፥ተደራጊ፣"ተቀደሰ"፥ተደራራጊ፣"ተቀዳደሰ"፥አደራራጊ፣"አቀዳደሰ")፡
ይረባል።

ከዚህ፡ወዲያ፥ለያንዳንዱ፡ዘር፤አርእስት፡(ወይም፡አንቀጽ)፣ቀዳማይ፣ካልኣይ፣ዘንድ፡አንቀጽ፣ትእዛዝ፡
አንቀጽ፣ሣልስ፡ቅጽል፣ሳድስ፡ቅጽል፣መስም፡ቅጽል፣ሳቢ፡ዘር፣ቦዝ፡አንቀጽ፣ዘመድ፡ዘር፣ባዕድ፡ዘር፣ጥሬ፡
ዘር፣ምዕላድ፣ባዕድ፡ከምዕላድ፣መድበል፣ይኖሩታል፤እነዚህም፡ተራቸውን፡በዝርዝር፡ርባታ፡(ባሥሩ፡መራሕያን)፡
ይዘረዘራሉ።

ማንኛውም፡የቃላት፡መፍቻ፡ዝርዝር፡ሲሰናዳ፥ይህ፡የግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡የመርባት፡ጠባይ፡ዋነኛው፡መነሻና፡ስልት፡
ሊኾን፡እንደሚገባ፡ያስገነዘቡኝ፡ሊ.፡ዤኔራል፡ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡ናቸው።በተለይ፥ባዕድ፡የኾነ፡ቃልን፡ወዳማርኛ፡
ስንተረጕም፥ቃሉ፡ነጠላም፡ኾነ፡ዘርፍና፡ባለቤት፥በተቻለ፡መጠን፡ከዘር፡በመነሣት፥የርባታን፡ደንብ፡ተከትሎ፡
ባንድ፡ቃል፡ቢተረጐም፥የመርባት፡ጠባዩን፡እንደ፡ያዘ፡ስለሚኾን፥ሌሎቹም፡ተዛማጅ፡ቃለት፡በዚያው፡በርባታ፡
ስልት፡ሊገሰሱልን፡መቻሉን፡አመልክተው፥አፍራሻውን፣ዘርፍና፡ባለቤት፡በኾነ፡ቃል፡ቢተረጐም፡ግን፥የመርባት፡
ጠባዩን፡ዐጥቶ፣መክኖ፡ብቻውን፡እንደሚቀር፡አስጠንቅቀውኛል።
107
ለምሳሌ፥በፈረንጅኛ፡Programme፡የሚለውን፡ቃል፥"መርሐ፡ግብር"፡ብለን፡በዘርፍና፡ባለቤት ፡ቃል፡
ብንተረጕመው፥ትርጕምነቱ፡ርባና፡ቢስ፣መካን፡ይኾናል፤የመርባት፡ጠባዩን፡ያጣል።ምክንያቱም፥ፈረንጅኛው፡"to
program"፡ከሚለው፡አንቀጽ፥"programme, programmable, programmer, programming, programmability"፡
ብሎ፡በመጠኑም፡ቢኾን፥ሲረባ፥የኛ፡"መርሐ፡ግብር"፡ብቻውን፡መክኖ፡ይቀራል።"Programme"፡ያለውን፡ጥሬ፡
ቃል፡ከመተርጐም፡ይልቅ፥ካንቀጹ፡ከ"to program"፡ተነሥተን፥"መቀመር"፡(በግእዝ፡"ቀምሮ/ቀምሮት")፡ብለን፡
በቀጥታ፡እርባታው፡መንገድ፡እንገባለን፦

አዕማድ፤ አድራጊ አስደራጊ ተደራጊ ተደራራጊ አደራራጊ

ዘር፤ ቀመረ አስቀመረ ተቀመረ ተቀማመረ አቀማመረ

ሣልስ፡ቅጽል፤ ቀማሪ አቀማሪ ተቀማሪ ተቀማማሪ አቀማማሪ

ሳድስ፡ቅጽል፤ ቅምር … … … ...

መስም፡ቅጽል፤ መቀምር

ሳቢ፡ዘር፤ አቀማመር/ቅምረት

ዘመድ፡ዘር፤ ቀመር/ቅምሪያ/ቀምር

107 "ግብር"፡ባለቤት፥"መርሕ"፡ዘርፍ።
ክ.3.20030827 99 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ባዕድ፡ዘር፤ መቀመሪያ

ጥሬ፡ዘር፤ ቅማሬ

ወዘተ...

ብሎ፡ከሞላ፟፡ጐደ፟ል፡ይረባል።

እንዲሁም፥በፈረንጅኛ፡Operating System•Système d'exploitation፡የሚለውን፣ዘርፍና፡ባለቤትን፡ያጣመረ፡

ቃል፥አኹንም፡"የግብረት፡ሥርዐት"፡ብሎ፡ዘርፍና፡ባለቤት፡አድርጎ፡ቢተረጕሙት፡ይመክናልና፥በቀጥታ፥ከዘሩ፡
108
ከ"ገብረ"፡አርብቶ፥"ምግባር"፡ብሎ፡ባንድ፡ቃል፡አሟልቶ፡መተርጐሙ፡ይሻላል ።

እንዲሁም፦

"pointing device"፡ቢል፥"የጥቈማ፡ቈሰቈስ"፡ከማለት፡ይልቅ፥"ጠቈመ"፡ብሎ፦ "መጠቈሚያ"፤

"programming tool"፡ቢል፥"የመርሐ፡ግብር፡መሣሪያ"፡ከማለት፡ይልቅ፥"ቀመረ"፡ብሎ፦ "መቀመሪያ"፤

"web site"፡ቢል፥"የመረብ፡መገኛ"፡ከማለት፡ይልቅ፥"ረበበ"፡ብሎ፦ "መርበቢያ"፤

ወዘተ.።

በመጨረሻም፥ፈረንጅኛ፥አድራጊ፡ሰውንና፡ማድረጊያ፡መሣሪያን፡ብዙውን፡ጊዜ፡በስም፡አይለይም።
ለምሳሌ፥ዐማርኛ፡"ዐታሚ"ና፡"ማተሚያ"፡ብሎ፡ሰውዮውንና፡መሣሪያውን፡በስም፡ሲለይ፥ፈረንጅኛው፡ኹለቱንም፡
ቀላቅሎ፡"printer"፡ይላቸዋል።ስለዚህ፥ስንተረጕም፥ሠሪንና፡መሣሪያን፡እየለየን፡ይኾናል።

ከዚህ፡በላይ፡የተዘረዘሩት፡ያሠራር፡ስልቶች፥ብዙዎቻችን፡ከምንጠብቀው፡የበለጠ፡ይጠቅማሉ።የቃላቱ፡ካንድ፡ዘር፡
መገኘት፡ለጥበባዊ፡አስተሳሰብና፡ምርምር፡የሚከፍተው፡አድማስና፡የሚዘረዝረው፡ዘርፍ፡እጅግ፡
ይሰፋል፣ይበዛል፤(ወደ፡ፊት፡በዝርዝር፡እንመለስበታለን)።እነ"ፅንሰ፡ሐሳብ"፣እነ"ንጥረ፡ነገር"፣እነ"ውሳኔ፡
ሕዝብ"፣እነ"መዘውረ፡ሥዕል"፡ወዘተ.፣ዐጓጕል፡ትርጕሞች፥ራሳቸው፡መክነው፥በዘመናችን፡የብዙ፡ምሁራንን፡
አስተሳሰብ፡አምክነው፡ስለ፡ገቱት፥ምሁራኑ፡ከገዛ፡ቋንቋቸው፡ይልቅ፡ለባዕድ፡ቋንቋ፡ቅልውጥ፡
አድልተዋል።ግእዝና፡ዐማርኛ፡የታላቅ፡ሥልጣኔ፡ጐዳና፡ስለ፡ኾኑ፥መጣረሳቸውን፡የሚመኙባቸው፡
አይጠፉም።የግእዝ-ዐማርኛ፡ጠንካራ፡ጐን፡የኾኑትን፡ጠባዮቹን፡የመሰወር፥አግጣጫን፡የማሳ፟ት፥ፊደልንም፡
የመበወዝ፡ከይሲ፡ሥራ፥በስውር፡በሰፊው፡እንደሚሠራብን፥ቀድሞም፡ሊቃውንት፡በጽሑፎቻቸው፡
አስጠንቅቀውናል፥ዛሬም፡የምንሠራ፡ሰዎች፡እውኑን፡በገቢር፡ደርሰንበታል።ይን፡ዅሉ፡ያመጣብን፥ኢትዮጵያን፡
ያኽል፡አገር፡ልናጣ፡ተቃርበን፥የኛ፡ማንቀላፋት፡ስለ፡ኾነ፥ባለቤቶቹ፡ነቃ፡ማለት፣ለሥራ፡መነሣትና፡መትጋት፡
አለብን።

ይህ፡የስሌት፡ግስ፡ሲሰናዳ፥እላይ፡የተጠቀሱት፥ሌሎችም፡ጠቃሚ፡ሐሳቦች፡በተቻለ፡መጠን፡ከሥራው፡
ተዋሕደዋል።

ለጠቅላላው፡ሥራ፡ብዙ፡መጻሕፍት፡በምንጭነት፡አገልግለዋል፤በተለይ፡በግእዙና፡ባማርኛው፡ረገድ፡ያለቃ፡ኪዳነ፡
ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡የግእዝ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥ያለቃ፡ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላትና፥ሊ.፡ዤኔራል፡
ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡ያሰናዱት፡(ያልታተመ)፡የቃላት፡መፍቻ፡እጅጉን፡አገልግለውኛል።

(በአበገደ፡ተራ•in ABeGeDe order•par ordre ABeGeDe)

ግስ ዘር ሟያ አምሳያ English Français

ስዋስው syntax syntaxe
109
አገባብ (ግ. ፥ገብአ) የሥርዐት፡ደንብ።

አግባብ (ግ.፥ገብአ) የሐሳብ፥የሒሳብ፡ተገቢነት፥ ሒሳብ logic logique

"ሎጂክ"
"ሎዢክ"

አውታር (ግ.፡ወተረ) የወትር፣የሐብል፡ፍግርግር፥ትት፟። መረብ network réseau

መርበብት

አኺዶ (ግ.፥ኬደ) የእለቄጥሯዊ፡ልቅ፟ም፡ስሌት። ስሊ፟ processing traitement

ስሎ፟ሽ

አላድ (ግ.፥አለደ) የተለቀመ፥የተሰበሰበ፥የተገነዘበ፡ ልቅ፟ም data données

የመረጃ፡ቅንጣት። ስጥው

108 በፊተኞቹ፡የዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት ፡መመሪያዎች፡"operating system"፡"የግብረት፡ሥርዐት"፡ተብሎ፡ተተርጕሞ፡

ነበር፤ከዋዜማ፡2003 ፡አንሥቶ፡ግን፡በ"ምግባር"፡ተተክቶ፡ተሻሽሏል።
109 ማሳጠሪያዎች፤እ.=እንግሊዝኛ፥ግ.=ግእዝ፥ዐማ.=ዐማርኛ፥ዐ.=ዐረብኛ፥ዕ.=ዕብራይስጥ፥ጽ.=ጽርእ፡(ግሪክኛ)፥ፈ.=ፈረንሳይኛ
ክ.3.20030827 100 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

ግስ ዘር ሟያ አምሳያ English Français

እለቄጥሩ (ግ.፥ቅጥራን) ረቂቅ፡ተፈጥሯዊ፡የብርሃን፡ኀይል፡ "ኤሌክትሮን" electron électron
ሕዋስ።

እለቄጥሩኛ (ቅጥራን) የእለቄጥሩ፡ጥናትና፡ሟያ፡መስክ። እለቄጥሩያ electronics électronique

"ኤሌክትሮኒክስ
"

እለቄጥሯዊ (ግ.፥ቅጥራን) የእለቄጥሩ። "ኤሌክትሮኒክ" electronic électronique

እለቄጥሯዊ፡ጦማር እለቄጥሯዊ፡መልእክት፡መላ፟ላኪያ፡ዘዴ። እ-ጦማር e-mail courriel

አቀጻጽ (ግ.፥ቀጽዐ) የሰነድ፡ቅጽ፡ዐይነት፡ format format

(ም.፥.txt፥.html፥.pdf፥...)

አስሊ (ዐማ.፥አሰላ) የስሌት፡ባለሟያ። ስሌተኛ computer informaticien

professional

አሰላ (ዐማ.) •አበጀ፥አዘጋጀ፥አደራጀ፥አሳመረ፥ከ ዐሰበ To compute

ወነ፥አቀና፥አቀለጠፈ።(ደ.ተ.ወ.፥1173)
•ሒሳብ፡ዐሰበ፥ስሌት፡አደረገ፥ቈጠረ፡
ባሳብና፡በቃል።(ደ.ተ.ወ.፥1173)

ቢጋር (ግ.፥በገረ) •ማንኛውም፡ሥዕል። •ሥዕል •graphic •graphique

•ንድፍ። •ንድፍ •sketch •croquis

ባለ 64-ኹለትዮ፡ የዘመናዊ፡ማስሊያ፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡ዐቅምን፡ ባለ 64- 64-bit computer ordinateur 64-bit

ንምራ፡ማስሊያ መለኪያ። ኹ.ን.፡
ማስሊያ

ግብረት (ግ.፥ገብረ) ሥራ፥አሠራር። operation opération

ገላፊ (ግ.፥ገለፈ) ቅርጸት፡ቀራጭ። ቀራጭ typographer typographe

ግልፎ (ግ.፥ገለፈ) የፊደልና፡የምልክት፡ዅሉ፡ቅርጽ። ግልፈት glyph glyphe

ቅርጽ

ግቱት (ግ.፥ገተተ) ዕላቂ፥ውዳቂ፥ውራጅ፥አሮጌ፡ዕቃ። ዘብጣ፟ጣ፟ obsolescent obsolescent

ደምላይ (ዐማ.፥ደመለለ) ጠቅላይ፡ቍጥር፥1፥2፥3፥... ደምላይ፡ integer entier

ቍጥር
ሙሉ፡ቍጥር

ድር-ገጽ (ዐማ.፥አደራ፟) እለቄጥሯዊ፡የመርበብት፡(ኢንተርኔት)፡ መረብ-ገጽ web-page page-toile

ገጽ። መርበቢያ

ድስቅን (ጽ.፥ዲስኮስ) እለቄጥሯዊ፡ምልክትን፡ወይም፡ልቅ፟ምን፡ ጻሕል disk disque

መመዝገቢያ፡ጻሕል፡ወይም፡"ዲስክ"። "ዲስክ"

ዝልጕስ (ግ.፥ዘልገሰ) •የተበላሸ፡የማስሊያ፡ሰነድ። ዘልጓሳ •corrupted (file) •corrompu

•ያልታረመ፥ስሕተት፡ያለበት፡ •erroneous (fichier)
•erroné
ማንኛውም፡ሰነድ።

ዝራር፡(ብ.፡አዝራር) (ግ.፥ዘረረ) በመጠቈሚያ፡የሚጠቈም፡መሳተፊያ። ተጠቋሚ button bouton

ሐብል (ግ.፥ሐብለ) እለቄጥሯዊ፡ኀይልም፡ኾነ፡ምልክት፡ ሽቦ cable cable

የሚተላለፍበት፡ገመድ፥ወይም፡ሽቦ።

ሑሰት (ግ.፥ሖሰ) ተንቀሳቃሽ፡ርእየት። animation animation

ኅርመት (ግ.፥ኀረወ፥ኀረ ማንኛውም፡የተቀመረ፡ምልክት። ምልክት character caractère

መ)

ጦማር (ግ.፥ጠዊም) መልክት፡ማስተላለፊያ፡ዘዴ። መልክት mail courrier

ኪሎ (ግ.፥ከለየ) የመለኪያ፡መጠን። kilo kilo

ኪነ-እለቄጥሩ (ቅጥራን) የእለቄጥሩ፡ጥናትና፡ሟያ፡መስክ። "ኤሌክትሮኒክስ electronics électronique

"

ኪነት (ግ.፥ኬነ) የኪን፡አፈጻጸም፡ወይም፡ተግባር። ገቢረ፡ኪን technology technologie

ኪን (ግ.፥ኬነ) ጥበብ፥ብልኀት፥ርቀ፟ት። ብልኀት technique technique

ክለሳ (ዐማ.፥ከለሰ) የማንኛውም፡ብጀታ፡የዙር፡መታወቂያ። ዙር version version

ክርታስ (ግ.፥ከረተ፥ቀረ የማስሊያ፡መሳተፊያ፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡ሕዋስ፡ card carte

ክ.3.20030827 101 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 
ግስ ዘር ሟያ አምሳያ English Français
ፀ) የተበየደበት፡አነስተኛ፡ጠርብ።

ኹለትዮ (ግ.፥ከልአ) ኹለትነት፡ያለው፡ውስጠ፡ብዙ። ኹለትዮሽ binary binaire

ኹለትዮ፡ንምራ የኹለት-ቤት፡ቍጥር፡(0፥1) binary digit chiffre binaire

ልክፍት (ግ.፥ለከፈ) የመሳ፟ሊያ፡"ደዌ"፥ካንዱ፡ማስሊያ፡ወደ፡ የማስሊያ፡" virus virus

ሌላው፡በእለቄጥሯዊ፡መንገድ፡ መጋኛ"

ተላልፎ፡መዝገብ፡የሚያዘለጕስ፡
ወይም፡የሚያጠፋ።

ለቀማ (ዐማ.፥ለቀመ) ልቅ፟ምን፡የመልቀም፣የመክተት፣ ከተታ data input saisie de données

የማከማቸ፡ሥራ።

ልቅ፟ም (ዐማ.፥ለቀመ) የተለቀመ፥የተገኘ፡ማንኛውም፡ዝግ፟ብ። •ዝግ፟ብ data données

•አላድ

ላዛጋ (ዐማ.፥ላዘገ) እንደ፡"ላስቲክ"፡የሚሳብ፡የሚጐተት፡ elastic élastique

የሚዝለገለግ።

ልዝብ፡ድስቅን (ዐማ.፥ለዘበ) እለቄጥሯዊ፡ምልክትን፡መመዝገቢያ፡ ድስቅኒት floppy disk disquette

አነስተኛ፡ጻሕል፡ወይም፡"ፍሎፒ፡
ዲስክ"።

መገናኛ (ዐማ.፥ገነኘ) አንድ፡ድር-ገጽ፡ከሌላው፡ጋራ፡ link lien

የሚገናኝበት፡ያድራሻ፡ምልክት።

መገ፟ኛ (ዐማ.፥ገነኘ) የመርበብት፡ስፍራ፥መርበቢያ። መርበቢያ site site

መግበር (ግ.፥ገብረ) ለስሌት፡የሚያገለግል፡መሳ፟ሊያ። መሳ፟ሊያ tool outil

መጐብኛ (ዐማ.፥ጐበኘ) የመርበብት፡መገኛዎችን፡የሚጐበኙበት፡ መንሻረሪያ browser navigateur

እንደ፡Internet፡Explorer፡ያለ፡
መግበር።

መጐፍጨር (ዐማ.፥ጐፈጨረ የማስሊያን፡ወይም፡የመሳ፟ሊያን፡ኺደት፡ •to trigger •déclencher

) •to start •démarrer
መጫር፥ማስነሣት።

መጠንቀያ (ዐማ.፥ጠነቀለ) የቀለምን፡ዐይነት፡መለያ፥ቈንጥሮ፡ eye dropper tool

መውሰጃ፡ቈሰቈስ።

መጠቈሚያ (ዐማ.፥ጠቈመ) በማሳያ፡ላይ፡የሚታይን፡ተጠቋሚ፡ ምእማር pointing device outil de pointage

ለይቶ፡መጠቈሚያ፡የማስሊያ፡ሕዋስ።

መከየድ (ግ.፥ኬደ) በተለየ፡ምግባር፡የሚንቀሳቀስ፡ማስሊያ። platform plateforme

መከርተስ (ግ.፥ከረተ፥ቀረ ክርታስ፡ላይ፡ምሕዋሮችን፡ማተም። to print (circuits imprimer (des

ፀ) on a circuit circuits sur un
board) support)

መምሪያ (ግ.፥መርሐ) የማስሊያን፡ሕዋሳት፡መምሪያ፡መሳ፟ሊያ። driver pilote

መነመሪያ (ግ.፥ነመረ) ጽሑፍንም፡ኾነ፡ቢጋርን፥በእለቄጥሯዊ፡ scanner numériseur

የሥዕል፡ቅጽ፡መመዝገቢያ፡መሣሪያ።

መነመር (ግ.፥ነመረ) ምልክትን፡በእለቄጥሯዊ፡ቅጽ፡መዘገበ። •to digitise numériser

•to scan

መንሻረር (ዐማ.፥ተንሻረረ) ካንዱ፡ድር-ገጽ፡ወደ፡ሌላው፡ •to surf •"surfer"

በቅጽበት፡መዘዋወር፥መንሻለል። •to slide •"glisser"

መሠን፟ይ (ግ.፥ሠነየ) ሰናጭ፥አስጊያጭ፥አሳማሪ። artist artiste

መሣሪያ (ግ.፥ሠርዐ) ማንኛውም፡የስሌት፡መኪናም፡ኾነ፡ ዕቃ hardware matériel

ቈሰቈስ።

መፍቻ (ግ.፥ፈትሐ) ኅርመታዊ፡ወይም፡ትእዛዛዊ፡ምልክትን፡ መርኆ key clé, touche

በእለቄጥሯዊ፡ምልክት፡ፈቶ፟፡
ለማስሊያ፡የሚያስተላልፍ፡የመፍቻ-
ገበታ፡አባል።

መፍቻ-ገበታ (ግ.፥ፈትሐ) መፍቻዎች፡የተሰተሩበት፡ገበታ፡ወይም፡ መራኁት keyboard clavier

ሰደቃ፤የማስሊያ፡ሕዋስ።
ክ.3.20030827 102 ዋዜማ፡2003
2003 

ግስ ዘር ሟያ አምሳያ English Français

መጻፊያ/ምጽሓፍ (ግ.፥ጸሐፈ) ጽሑፍን፡ጽፎ፡ማሰናጃ፡መግበር። .ቃል፡ማሳኪያ word processor traitement de
.ማሳኪያ texte

መቀጭቀጭ (ዐማ.፥ቀጨቀጨ በመጠቈሚያ፡ኹለት፡ጊዜ፡ቀጭ፡ መገጭገጭ to double-click cliquer deux fois

)
ማድረግ።

መቀመሪያ (ግ.፥ቀመረ) የቅመራ፡ቋንቋና፡መሳ፟ሊያው፡ራሱ። •programming •langage de

language programmation
•programming •système de
system programmation

መቀመር (ግ.፥ቀመረ) •በቀመር፡ቍጥር፡መመደብና፡ማዘጋጀት •to program •programmer

•ስሌትን፡በማስሊያ፡ለማካኼድ፡ •to code •coder

በሚያስችል፡በቀመር፡መልክ፡
መተርጐም።

መቈጣጠሪያ፡ የማስሊያን፡ችሎታና፡ኹኔታ፡ control panel panneau de

ሰሌዳ ለመቈጣጠሪያ፡የሚውል፡መሳተፊያ። configuration

መረብ (ግ.፥ረበ) መረብ-ገጾች፡በጅምላቸው። መርበብት web toile

መረብ-ገጽ እለቄጥሯዊ፡የመርበብት፡(ኢንተርኔት)፡ ድር-ገጽ web-page page-toile

ገጽ።

መርበቢያ የመረብ፡ገጽ፡አድራሻ፡ወይም፡መገኛ። web-site site-toile

መርበብት የመረብ-ገጾች፡አውታር፥"ኢንተርኔት"። Internet Internet

መሰ፟ሚያ (ግ.፥ሰምዐ) ማንኛውም፡ድምፅ፡የሚደመጥበት፡ ማዳ፟መጫ audio system système audio

ሥርዐት።

መሳ፟ሊያ (ዐማ.፥አሰላ) ሰውና፡ማስሊያ፡የሚሳተፉበት፥ መግበር software logiciel

ማስሊያም፡የሚ፟መ፟ራበት፡የስሌት፡
ረቂቅ፡መሣሪያ።

መሳ፟ተፊያ (ግ.፥ሳተፈ) አስሊን፣ማስሊያንና፡መሳ፟ሊያን፡ interface interface

የሚያገናኝ፣የሚያሳትፍ፡ሕዋስ።

መታ፟ያ (ግ.፥ርእየ) ማንኛውም፡ርእየት፡ወይ፡ ምርኣይ video system système vidéo

ሑሰት፥ወይም፡መልክ፡የሚታይበት፡
ሥርዐት።

መትር (ግ.፥መተረ) የልክ፡ስም፥100፡ምእትያ-መትር። ሜትር meter mètre

ማዳ፟መጫ (ግ.፥ደምፀ) ማንኛውም፡ድምፅ፡የሚደመጥበት፡ መሰ፟ሚያ audio system système audio

ሥርዐት።

ማኅደር (ግ.፥ኀደረ) የሰነዶች፡ማኖሪያ። folder dossier

ማኼጃ (ግ.፥ኬደ) ማስሊያ፡ማንኛውንም፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡ drive lecteur

ልቅም፡
የሚያነብበት፣የሚመዘግብበት፣የሚሻበ
ት፣የሚደልዝበት፡ሕዋስ።

ማምሰያ (ግ.፥መሰለ) የታተመ፡ምልክትን፡ባምሳያው፡ነምሮ፡ fax facsimilé,

የሚልክ፡የሚያሰተላልፍ፡የስልክ፡ télécopie

መሣሪያ።

ማሰናጃ (ዐማ.፥ሰነደ) የቅምር፡መጠንቀቂያና፡ማዛረፊያ። ማዛረፊያ compiler compilateur

ማሳያ፟ (ግ.፥ርእየ) ጽሑፍም፡ኾነ፡ቢጋር፥ማንኛውንም፡ ምርኣይ screen écran

ምልክት፡የሚያሳይ፡የማስሊያ፡ሕዋስ። መታ፟ያ

ማስሊያ (ዐማ.፥አሰላ) የስሌት፡መሣሪያ። computer ordinateur

ምእላድ (ግ.፥አለደ) የልቅም፡ወይም፡የአላድ፡ክምችት። መደብ database base de données

ምእማር (ግ.አመረ) ማመልከቻ፡ቦታ፡ወይም፡መሣሪያ። Index Index

ምግባር (ግ.፥ገብረ) የማስሊያን፡አሠራርና፡አካኼድ፡ የግብረት፡ operating system système

የሚወስን፡አጠቃላይ፡መግበር፡ወይም፡ ሥርዐት d"exploitation

መሳ፟ሊያ፤የማስሊያ፡አሠራር፡ወይም፡
ክ.3.20030827 103 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ግስ ዘር ሟያ አምሳያ English Français
ትግብርት።

ምሕዋር (ግ.፥ሖረ) እለቄጥሯዊ፡ምልክትን፡ማሰራጫ፡ circuit circuit

የማስሊያ፡ሕዋስ።

ምልክት (ግ.፥ለአከ) ትእምርት። sign signe

ምጽሓፍ (ግ.፥ጸሐፈ) ጽሑፍን፡ጽፎ፡ማሰናጃ፡መግበር። .ቃል፡ማሳኪያ word processor traitement de

.ማሳኪያ texte

ምርኣይ (ግ.፥ርእየ) ጽሑፍንም፡ኾነ፡ቢጋርን፥ማንኛውንም፡ ማሳያ screen écran

ምልክት፡የሚያሳይ፡የማስሊያ፡ሕዋስ። ማያ
መታ፟ያ

ነቀላ (ግ.፥ነቀለ) የተተከለን፡መሳ፟ሊያ፡ከተተከለበት፡ un-installation désinstallation

ማስሊያ፡መንቀል።

ኑኀ-ግንኙነት (ግ.፥ነዊ፟ኅ፥ኑኅ) እለቄጥሯዊ፡የሩቅ-ለሩቅ፡ግንኙነት። telecommunication télécommunication

ንምራ (ግ.፥ነመረ) አኃዝ፥የተነመረ፥የተቈጠረ። ቍጥር number, digit numéro, chiffre

ንምራዊ አኃዛዊ፥የተነመረ። digital numérique

ሥን (ግ.፥ሠነየ) የሥራ፡መልካምነት፥ውበት። art art

ዐሥራስድትያ ባላ 16፡ቤት፡የቍጥር፡ሥርዐት፡ hexadecimal hexadécimal

(1፥2፥3፥4፥5፥6፥7፥8፥9፥A
፥B፥C፥D፥E፥F)።

ቃል፡ማሳኪያ (ዐማ.፥አሳካ) ቃላትን፡በጽሑፍ፡መልክ፡ •ማዘጋጃ word processor traitement de

የሚያሳኩበት፥የሚያሳሉበትና፡ •ማሰናጃ texte
•ምጽሓፍ
የሚያሰናዱበት፡መግበር።

ቅመራ (ግ.፥ቀመረ) የመቀመር፡ሥራ። •ቅምረት Programming programmation

ቅምር (ግ.፥ቀመረ) የተሰናዳ፡የግብር፡መመ፟ሪያ፡ቀመር። program programme

ቅጽ (ግ.፥ቀጽዐ) የተቀጻ፥መልክና፡ልክ፡ያለው፤ form fiche

የልቅ፟ም፡መቀበያ፡ሰንጠረዥ። formulaire

ቅርጸት (ግ.፥ቀረጸ) የእያንዳንዱ፡ኅርመት፡ወይም፡ፊደል፡ font police de

ቅርጽ፡የተቀመረበትና፡የሚመለከትበት፡ caractères

እለቄጥሯዊ፡ሰነድ።

ቈሰቈስ (ግ.፥ኰስኰሰ) ማነኛውም፡ረቂቅ፡ወይም፡ግዙፍ፡ መግበር device outil

መግበር።

ሰደረ (ግ.፥ሰደረ) አላድን፡ወይም፡ልቅ፟ምን፡በፊደል፡ተራ፡ ደከነ To sort trier

ደረደረ። ሰተረ

ሰነድ (ዐማ.፥ሰነደ) ማንኛውም፡እለቄጥሯዊ፡መዝገብ። መዝገብ file fichier

ስደራ (ግ.፥ሰደረ) አላድን፡ወይም፡ልቅ፟ምን፡በፊደል፡ተራ፡ ስተራ sorting tri

መሰደር፥መደርደር። ድከና

ስሌተኛ •የስሌት፡ሰው፤አስሊ። •አስሊ •computer •informaticien

professional
•computer user •utilisateur
•የማስሊያ፡ተጠቃሚ፡ማንኛውም፡
d'ordinateur
ሰው።

ስሌት/ስሌትኛ (ዐማ.፥አሰላ፥አ •የማስላት፥የመሳላት፡ሥራ። •ስሌትኛ •informatics •informatique

ሰላሰለ) •ስሌትያ •computer
•የማስላትና፡የመሳላት፡ጥበብና፡
•ሒሳብ science
ምርምር፥ስሌትኛ፡ወይም፡ስሌትያ።
•ዕስባት •computing
•computation •computation
•methodology •méthodologie
•አሰላል፥አሰላሰል።

ስልት •የስሌት፡አካኼድ። •method •méthode

•የስሌት፡ዘዴ። •algorithm •algorithme

ስምንትዮ (ግ.፥ሰመነ) ስምንትነት፡ያለው፡ውስጠ፡ብዙ፤ byte octet

ስምንትዮ፡ንምራ ባለስምንት፡ኹለትዮ፡ንምራ። 8-bit, byte octet

ክ.3.20030827 104 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ግስ ዘር ሟያ አምሳያ English Français

ሺ- የሺ፡ቤት ሺዮ kilo- kilo-

ሺ-ስምንትዮ፡ 1024፡ባለ 8፡ኹለትዮ፡ንምራ። ሺ-ስምንትዮሽ kilo-byte kilo-octet

ንምራ

ተጠቋሚ (ዐማ.፥ጠቈመ) በመጠቈሚያ፡ ዝራር button bouton

የሚመለከት፥የሚነቃ፥የሚጠቈም፡
እንደ፡ዝራር፡ያለ።

ተከላ (ግ.፥ተከለ) መሳ፟ሊያን፡ወይም፡ማነኛውንም፡መግበር፡ installation installation

እማስሊያው፡ምግባር፡ውስጥ፡
መትከል።

ተራ (ዐማ.፥ተረረ) •የልቅ፟ም፡ድርድር። •ዝርዝር •list •liste

•የጥበቃ፡ተራ። •ወረፋ •queue •queue

ትግብርት (ግ.፥ገብረ) •የሥራ፡ስልት። •ቅምር •program •programme

•ቅመራ •programming •programmation
•coding •codage
•የስሌት፡ቅመራ።

ትርጕም (ግ.፥ረገመ) •ቃልን፡ወደ፡ሌላ፡ቃል፡ከነምስጢሩ፡ •translation •traduction

የሚመልስ።
•semantics •sémantique
•የነገርን፡ምንነት፡የሚገልጽ።
ክ.3.20030827 105 ዋዜማ፡2003
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መጥቀሻዎች•References•Références
አድማሱ፡ጀንበሬ፡(መልአከ፡ብርሃን)፤ኰኵሐ፡ሃይማኖት፤ትንሣኤ፡ዘጉባኤ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥1989፡ዓ.ም.፤368፡
ገጽ።

አድማሱ፡ጀንበሬ፡(መልአከ፡ብርሃን)፤መጽሐፈ፡ቅኔ፤ትንሣኤ፡ዘጉባኤ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥1963፡ዓ.ም.።

ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡(አለቃ)፤ገበታዋሪያ፥የንባብ፡መማሪያ፤ድሬዳዋ፥1928፡ዓ.ም.፤62፡ገጽ።
http://www.gzamargna.net/html/gebetawariya.html

ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡(አለቃ)፤ዐዲስ፡ያማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1962፡
ዓ.ም.፤1285፡ገጽ። http://www.gzamargna.net/html/amargnaMezgebeQalat.html

ደስታ፡ተክለ፡ወልድ፡(አለቃ)፤ርባሐ፡ስም፡ወአንቀጽ፥የስምና፡የአንቀጽ፡ርባታ፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡
አበባ፥1956፡ዓ.ም.፤100፡ገጽ። http://www.gzamargna.net/html/rbahasmweanqets.html

ጥዑመ፡ልሳን፡ካሳ፡(ሊቀ፡ካህናት)፤ያሬድና፡ዜማው፤ትንሣኤ፡ዘጉባኤ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1981፡
ዓ.ም.፤272፡ገጽ።

Unicode Consortium፤The Unicode Standard፤Version 5፤እ.አ.አ.፡2005።

ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤ፊደልና፡ፊደላዋርያ፥የልጆች፡አፍ፡መፍቻ፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡
አበባ፥1941፡ዓ.ም.፤32፡ገጽ። http://www.gzamargna.net/html/fidelawariya.html

ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ሐዲስ፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡
ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1948፡ዓ.ም.፤909፡ገጽ። http://www.gzamargna.net/html/gzMezgebeQalat.html

ኪዳነ፡ወልድ፡ክፍሌ፡(አለቃ)፤መዝገበ፡ፊደል፤የግእዝና፡ያማርኛ፡ቋንቋ፡መክፈቻ፤አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡
ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1953፡ዓ.ም.፤64፡ገጽ። http://www.gzamargna.net/html/mezgebefidel.html

ሞገስ፡ዕቁበ፡ጊዮርጊስ፡(ሊቀ፡መዘምራን)፥መጽሐፈ፡ሥነ፡ፍጥረት፤ንግድ፡ማተሚያ፡ድርጅት፥ዐዲስ፡
አበባ፥1987፡ዓ.ም.።

ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ሥልጡንሕዝብና፤ለንደን፥1983-89፡ዓ.ም.።

ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ሥልጣንና፡ሥልጣኔ፤ፓሪስ፥1982፡ዓ.ም.።(ያልታተመ)

ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤ርትዓዊ፡ኹነት፤ለንደን፥1986፡ዓ.ም.፤124፡ገጽ።

ነጋ፡ኀይለ፡ሥላሴ፡(ሊ.፡ዤኔራል)፤የቃላት፡መፍቻ።(ያልታተመ)

ዐያሌው፡ታምሩ፡(አለቃ)፤መልእክተ፡መንፈስ፡ቅዱስ።ዐዲስ፡ዐታሚዎች፤ዐዲስ፡አበባ፥1995፡ዓ.ም.፤224፡ገጽ።

Richard Gillam፤Unicode Demystified: A Practical Programmer's Guide to the Encoding Standard፤Addison

Wesley፥Boston፥እ.አ.አ.፡2003፤853፡ገጽ።

ተሰማ፡ሀብተ፡ሚካኤል፡ግጽው፡(ከሣቴ፡ብርሃን)፤ዐማርኛ፡መዝገበ፡ቃላት፥አርቲስቲክ፡ማተሚያ፡ቤት፥ዐዲስ፡
አበባ፥1951፡ዓ.ም.።
ክ.3.20030827 106 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ወሌ፡ነጋ

Welé Negga

P O Box 1165

Croydon CR9 2EB, United Kingdom

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ዋዜማ፡ሥርዐት •Wazéma System •Wazéma Système  © ወሌ፡ነጋ፥1988-2003፡ዓ.ም.፤Welé Negga, 1996-2010 A.D.፨
ክ.3.20030827 107 ዋዜማ፡2003
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ማስታወሻዎች•NOTES

11 ኛ፡ዝግጅት፤ሚያዝያ፡27፡ቀን፥2003፡ዓ.ም.፨