ENHANCEMENT REVIEW-FLUID MECHANICS

SET C

1. Glycerin having a volume of 0.452 m3 weighs 5,587 N.

A. What is the unit weight of glycerin in KN/m3?

Solution:
Unit weight,  = W / V =5,587/0.452
Unit weight,  =12,360.62/9.81=1,260 kg/m3

B. What is the density of glycerin in kg/m3?

Solution:
Density,  =  / g =12,360.62/9.81 = 1,260kg/m3

C. What is the specific gravity of glycerine?

Solution:
Unit weight,  = W / V =5,587/0.452
Unit weight,  =12,360.62/9.81=1,260 kg/m3
Specific gravity, S =  /  W = 1,260/1000 =1.26

2. On the ground of a high rise building a mercury barometer reads 758 mm. At the same time, a second
barometer on the roof of the same structure reads 742mm. Assuming that the specific weight of air is
uniform within the elevation from the ground floor to the roof of the building and has a value of 12
Newtons per cubic meter (N/m3), determine the height of the building.
Solution :
P1  wh
 758 
P1  9.81  (13.6)
 1000 
P1  101.13kPa
 742 
P2  9.81  (13.6)
 1000 
P2  98.99kPa
P2  P1  wh
w  12 N / m3
w  0.012 kN/m3
98.99  101.13  0.012(h)
h  178.33m
3. A rectangular tank of internal width of 5 m, as shown in the figure, contains oil of sp. gr. = 0.8 and
water.

What is the value of h?

Solution:
In Figure (a)
0.8h = h1
0.8h = 1
h = 1.25

4. A triangular plate, 1 m. wide at the base of 2.4 m. deep, is vertically submerged in water with the
vertex at the water surface. Evaluate how far, in meters, below the centroid of the plate is the resultant
horizontal force acting on each side of it.
Solution:
Ig
e=
Ay
1(2.4)3
e= 36
1
(1)(2.4)(1.6)
2
e = 0.200 m.

5. A rectangular gate 1.2 m by 3 m is inclined 600 with the horizontal. The top of the gate is submerged
at a depth of 2 m, the longer side parallel to the water surface.

A. Find the total hydrostatic force in kN.

Solution:

Given:
b=3m
L = 1.2 m
θ = 60deg
h1 = 2 m

A = bL = 3.6 m3
bL3
Ig   0.432m4
12
h=h1 +( L 2)sinθ

h = 2+(1.2 2)sin60  2.5196m

Y= h sinθ  1.909 m

F = wh A F = 9.81(2.5196)(3.6)
F = 88.98 kN

B. Find the location of total hydrostatic force from the bottom of gate in meters.

Solution:

Given:
b=3m
L = 1.2 m
θ = 60deg
h1 = 2 m
 A = bL = 3.6 m3
bL3
Ig   0.432m4
12
h=h1 +( L 2)sinθ
h = 2+(1.2 2)sin60  2.5196m

Y= h sinθ  1.909 m

F = wh A F = 9.81(2.5196)(3.6)
F = 88.98 kN

Ig 0.432
e= e=  0.04125
AY (3.6)(2.909)
y2 = L/2 – e y2 = 1.2/2 – 0.04125 = 0.559 m

C. If the gate is hinged at the top, find the force (kN) at the bottom normal to the gate required to open
it.

Solution:

Given:
b=3m
L = 1.2 m
θ = 60deg
h1 = 2 m

A = bL = 3.6 m3
bL3
Ig   0.432m4
12
h=h1 +( L 2)sinθ
h = 2+(1.2 2)sin60  2.5196m

Y= h sinθ  1.909 m

F = wh A F = 9.81(2.5196)(3.6)
F = 88.98 kN

Ig 0.432
e= e=  0.04125
AY (3.6)(2.909)

y2 = L/2 – e y2 = 1.2/2 – 0.04125 = 0.559 m

y1 = L/2 + e = 0.64125 m
 M 0  0 P  L  F  y1
P(1.2) = 88.98(0.64125)
P = 47.55 KN

6.The crest gate shown consists of a 10m radius cylindrical surface of which AB is the base, supported by
a structural frame hinged at O. The length of the gate per perpendicular to the paper is 10 m Compute
the vertical force components of the total pressure AB If  =600

Solution:
8.66
h=
3
h=2.89m.
Area ABD = Area ADBC – Area ABC
1  (10) 2 (60)
Area ABD = (5+10)8.66-
2 360
Area ABD = 12.59 m2

Fy = 9.81(12.59) (10)
Fy = 1235.08 KN

7. A stone weighs 500 N in air and 350 N in a liquid having a specific gravity of 0.86. Determine the
following:
A. The volume of the stone.
Solution:
Given: Weight of stone, W s = 500 N
Weight of stone in water, W sw = 350 N
Specific gravity of the liquid, SG L = 0.86

Buoyant Force on stone, BF = W s – Wsw

Buoyant Force on stone, BF = 500 – 350 = 150 N

BF = γL Vs BF = γw SGL Vs
150 = 9810(0.86) Vs
Vs = 0.01778 m 3
 B. The unit weight of the stone.
Solution:
Given: Weight of stone, W s = 500 N
Weight of stone in water, W sw = 350 N
Specific gravity of the liquid, SG L = 0.86

Bouyant Force on stone, BF = W s – Wsw

Bouyant Force on stone, BF = 500 – 350 = 150 N

BF = γL Vs BF = γw SGL Vs
150 = 9810(0.86)V s
Vs = 0.01778 m 3

Unit weight of stone, γ s = Ws/Vs

Unit weight of stone, γ s = 500/0.01778 = 28.122 kN/m 3

C.The specific gravity of the stone.

Solution:
Given: Weight of stone, W s = 500 N
Weight of stone in water, W sw = 350 N
Specific gravity of the liquid, SG L = 0.86

Buoyant Force on stone, BF = W s – Wsw

Buoyant Force on stone, BF = 500 – 350 = 150 N

BF = γL Vs BF = γw SGL Vs
150 = 9810(0.86)V s
Vs = 0.01778 m 3

Unit weight of stone, γ s = Ws/Vs

Unit weight of stone, γ s = 500/0.01778 = 28.122 kN/m 3

Specific gravity of stone, SG S = γs/γw

Specific gravity of stone, SG S = 28.122/9.81 = 2.867

8. A cylindrical tank, 1.1 m in diameter and 2.4 m high weighs 3825 Newtons. The tank is to float in water
with a draft of 1.9 m. Unit weight of lead is 110 KN/m3.
How much lead is required if it is attached at the outside bottom of the tank?
Solution:
Weight of tank, Wc = 3,825 kN
BFC = γw VD
π
BFC = 9.81 × 4
(1.1)2(1.9)
BFC = 17.713 kN
BFL = 9.81 VL
WL = 110 VL

ΣFv = 0
BFL + BFC = WL + WC
9.81VL + 17.713 = 110 VL + 3.825
VL = 0.13862 m3

WL = 110(0.13862)

9. Given the following data for the masonry dam shown in the figure:

H=9m B = 4.3 m
T=1m h=6m
Unit weight of
Concrete = 23 KN/m3
Consider 1-meter length of dam.

A. Calculate the total hydrostatic pressure acting on the dam in KN.

Solution:
B = 4.3 T=1m γc = 23 KN/m3
H=9m h=6m γw = 9.81 KN/m3
Length of dam, b = 1 m

F = γw h A
 F = 9.81(6/2) (6 × 1)
F = 176.58 KN
W1 = γc V1
W1 = 23[ ½ (4.3 – 1) (9)(1)]
W1 = 341.55 KN

2
x1 = 3
(4.3 -1) = 2.2 m
W2 = γc V2
W2 = 23[(1)(9)(1)]
W2 = 207 KN

x2 = 4.3 – 0.5(1) = 3.8 m

B. Compute the righting moment in KN-m.

Solution:
B = 4.3 T=1m γc = 23 KN/m3
H=9m h=6m γw = 9.81 KN/m3
Length of dam, b = 1 m

F = γw h A
F = 9.81(6/2) (6 × 1)
F = 176.58 KN
W1 = γc V1
W1 = 23[ ½ (4.3 – 1) (9)(1)]
W1 = 341.55 KN

2
x1 = 3
(4.3 -1) = 2.2 m
W2 = γc V2
W2 = 23[(1)(9)(1)]
W2 = 207 KN

x2 = 4.3 – 0.5(1) = 3.8 m

Righting moment:
RM = W1 x1 + W2 x2 RM = 341.55(2.2) + 207(3.8)
RM = 1,538.01 KN-m

C. Obtain the factor of safety against sliding assuming μ = 0.50.

Solution:
B = 4.3 T=1m γc = 23 KN/m3
H=9m h=6m γw = 9.81 KN/m3
Length of dam, b = 1 m

F = γw h A
 F = 9.81(6/2) (6 × 1)
F = 176.58 KN  Part 1
W1 = γc V1
W1 = 23[ ½ (4.3 – 1) (9)(1)]
W1 = 341.55 KN

2
x1 = 3
(4.3 -1) = 2.2 m
W2 = γc V2
W2 = 23[(1)(9)(1)]
W2 = 207 KN

x2 = 4.3 – 0.5(1) = 3.8 m

Righting moment:
RM = W1 x1 + W2 x2 RM = 341.55(2.2) + 207(3.8)
RM = 1,538.01 KN-m

Factor of safety against sliding (μ = 0.50):

Rx = F = 176.58
Ry = W1 + W2 = 341.55 + 207 = 548.55

μR y 0.50(548.55)
FSs = FSs =
Rx 176.58
FSs = 1.553

10. When the tank is filled with water, determine the circumferential stress (MPa) at the bottom.

Solution:
Circumferential stress at the bottom when the tank is filled with water
PD

2t
P = 9.81(6)kPa
P = 58.86 kPa
P = 0.05886 MPa
PD

2t
0.05886(8000)
 =7.35 MPa
2(12)