LECTURE NOTES IN EVAPORATION 8/25/2019

Manila Review Institute, Inc.

Chemical Engineering Review
For the November, 2019 Board Exam

EVAPORATION

by Dr. Servillano Olaño, Jr.

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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A: Product
B: Vapor
C: Concentrate
D: Heating System
E: Condensate

1) Heat Exchanger
2) Flash Vessel (Separator) 2
3) Circulation Pump
4) Concentrate Pump

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TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Definitions

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MECHANICAL RECOMPRESSION
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THEORY OF EVAPORATION

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CAPACITY EQUATION
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BOILING POINT ELEVATION DUHRING LINES

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BOILING POINT ELEVATION DUHRING LINES

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Source: Coulson & Richardson

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BOILING POINT OF SOLUTIONS

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BOILING POINT OF SOLUTIONS

BPR of Solutions of Inorganic Salts

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OVER-ALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS

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OVER-ALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

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OVER-ALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS

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TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION 8/25/2019

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MATERIAL BALANCE

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ENTHALPY BALANCE
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MERKEL’S CHART: ENTHALPY-CONCENTRATION

NaOH-Water system

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ENTHALPY-CONCENTRATION DIAGRAM
LiBr-Water system 8/25/2019
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HEAT BALANCE

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MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR AND METHOD OF FEEDING

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TYPICAL TRIPLE EFFECT ARRANGEMENT

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TYPES OF FEEDING 8/25/2019

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MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATION

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DISCUSSION OF REVIEW QUESTIONS AND

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PROBLEMS
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PROBLEM #4.

Problem 4

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Solution:

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N 2  0.15  0.10  0.18  0.43 mole fr.

From Eq. 11-123 Perry, 8/ed

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BPR  104.9 N 21.14  104.9(0.43)1.14  40o F

TI = 212oF + 40oF = 252oF

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PROBLEM #10.

Problem 10
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From Steam Table:

For P1 = 5 psia, T = 162oF and H1 = 1130 Btu/lb
From Duhrings Lines:
TI = 170oF (162oF, x = 0.07 NaOH)
Dr. S. Olano, Jr.

BPR = 170oF – 162oF = 8oF

From Merkel’s Chart:
hF = 60 Btu/lb (98oF, xF = 0.07)
hT = 120 Btu/lb (170oF, xT = 0.18)
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NaOH Balance:
mF(0.07) = (mF – 1.5)0.18 mF = 2.45 lb
mT = 2.45 – 1.5 = 0.95 lb

Enthalpy Balance:
q = W[ H1 + 0.46(BPR)] + mThT – mFhF
= 1.5[ 1130 + 0.46(8)] + 0.95(120) – 2.45(60)
= 1667.5 Btu

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PROBLEM #11.

Problem 11

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Basis: 1000 lb/hr of feed

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PROBLEM #12.

Problem 12
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Scaling in an evaporator may be estimated by

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when t = 4 + 10/60 = 4.167 hr, U = 545

when t = 12 + 30/60 = 15.5 hr, U = 430

Substituting and solving for A and B:

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A = 2.45 x 10-7
B = 2.344 x 10-6

At the start, t = 0,

Thus, Uo = 653 Btu/hr-ft2

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PROBLEM #13.

Problem 13

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From Steam Table: T1 = 60oC, λ1 = 2358.6 kJ/kg
At 172 kPa, Ts = 115.5oC, Hs = 2694.47 kJ/kg
λ = 2214.85 kJ/kg

Dr. S. Olano, Jr.

By Material Balance: mFxF = (mF – W)xT
0.20 mF = (mF – 9000)0.65
mF = 13,000 kg/hr
mT = 13,000 – 9,000 = 4,000 kg/hr

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By Heat Balance:
msλs = mFcPF ( T1 – TF) + Wλ1
ms (2214.85) = 13,000(4)(60 – 25) + 9,000 (2358.6)
ms = 10,406 kg/hr

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PROBLEM #14.

Problem 14
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q 10,406(2214.85) 1000
A    63.9m 2
UT 1800(115.5  60) 3600
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PROBLEM #15.

Problem 15

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Economy = 9000/10,406 = 0.865

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PROBLEM #16.

Problem 16
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PROBLEM #17.

Problem 17

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From Steam Table: at Ts = 250oF, λ = 945 Btu/lb
ΣΔT = 250 – 150 = 100oF
(ΣΔT)net = 100 – ΣBPR = 100 – 55 = 45oF

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PROBLEM #20.

Problem 20
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This is similar to the previous problem. Please solve on your own.

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PROBLEMS #21, #22 & #23.

Problem 21, 22, & 23

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PROBLEM #21. CONT…

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PROBLEM #21. CONT…

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PROBLEM #21. CONT..

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PROBLEM #24.

Problem 24 Di = 2 – 2(0.065) = 1.87 in.

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m = VSρ = (1.5)(62.4)(0.019) = 1.785 lb/s

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Heat absorbed by 1 lb of water:

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(44.2  23) Btu/lb
Fraction vaporized   0.0218
970 Btu/lb

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PROBLEM #25.

Problem 25
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Similar to Prob 16.

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