COVENTRY UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTING
206MAE-Solid Mechanics and Dynamics
Lab 1 –
BALANCING OF ROTATING MASSES
DYNAMICALLY AND STATICALLY
Module Leader: Dr Faris Elasha
Date: 16/11/2018
Name: Hussein O A Bassiouny
SID: 8212847
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Abstract
Designing a machine requires precision engineered calculations to satisfy the system during
operation. A rotating system will include one or more members are attached to a shaft. This
system should operate smoothly with the least vibration generated, this could be approached
by balancing the rotating masses attached to the system. Running the system through static
and dynamic balance tests will accumulate perfected engineered revolving system. Nptel.ac.in.
(2018)
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Table of Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................... 2
Introduction.................................................................................................... 4
Materials and equipment.......................................................................4
Experimental Procedures.............................................................................. 5
Results...........................................................................................................5-6
Observations................................................................................................... 7
Discussion........................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................7
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Introduction
This experiment was held to introduce static and dynamic balancing for a
revolving shaft with four separate masses attached to it. At the beginning of the
lab, the masses were adjusted to create noticeable vibrations during operation.
The aim is to use static and dynamic balancing to reduce the vibration to minimal.
This is approachable by applying the static and dynamic balancing tests to the
running machine, which will present the exact axial positions of the masses, to
avoid any vibrations during operation and implement a smooth operational
mechanical system.
Materials and equipment:
Equipment usage
1. Four Masses To balance the shaft
2. DC supply Deliver power to the motor
3. DC Motor To put system in motion
4. Safety Cover Implements safety, by avoiding any hovering parts.
5. Fixed Ruler To allow the adjustment of the masses’ axial position.
6. Protractor Determine the angular position for the fixed masses.
Used to experiment the four unbalanced masses in a rotational motional
7. Shaft
multi-plane.
8. Support bearings The fixed bearings allow the shaft to revolve in a fixed position.
Table 1 Equipment used to conduct the experiment
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Experimental Procedures
Before running the experiment, pre-checks were held to assure the system is statically and
dynamically unbalanced. First the drive belt was disengaged from the dc motor, to see the
unbalanced motion. Next the drive belt was reengaged to drive the unbalanced system. This
resulted in noticeable vibrations in the system, due to the unbalanced centrifugal forces acting
upon the shaft. Then, a vector diagram was generated to determine the missing data. With the
given data mr1 and mr2 were possible to sketch, then the diagram was completed by drawing
two intersecting arcs, which presented mr 3&4. Another couple polygon was generated to
determine the mrl values. By drawing mrl1, l3 and l4 were determined. Therefor the diagram was
sketched and allowed calculations to determine the desired axial positions. At the end, using the
geometric tools provided, the masses were positioned at the shaft by the calculated displacement
and angular position. Finally, a test run was held to conduct the result of the calibration.
Vibration was nearly unnoticeable, providing a steady balanced system.
Results
After sketching the mr vector diagram and mrl polygon above figure 1&2, all
missing data was attained. The values gained occurs to be correct, in result of
the disappearance of the vibrations that existed at the beginning of the lab.
Mass ID Mass x radius Angular Axial position Mass x radius
position x distance
Notation mr mrl
Units Scaled (units) mm (units) x mm
1 73 0 0 0
2 92 200 30 2760
3 87 100 164 14268
4 65 300 170 11050
Table 2 data conducted from the lab in addition to missing values.
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Figure 1 presents how the missing mr values were determined (vector diagram)
Figure 2 presents the couple polygon used to determine the marls’ values
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Discussion
The objective was to allow the system to operate smoothly and reduce vibration to minimal.
That was approached by running static and dynamic balancing tests to the system, which
determined the appropriate displacement and angular positions of the masses. However, the
final results perceived from the final run, implies that the system could be improved. Human
error is a factor causing the delusion. Unprecise sketching or inaccurate calculations are the
most likely human errors to occur in this experiment. Additionally, parallax error also might
occur due to misalignment of the masses while attaching them onto the shaft.
The human errors could be avoided, by using a software to sketch the diagrams on, which will
result in accurate values. Also, an electronic geometry tools would be more precise if used to
position the masses onto the shaft.
Conclusion
From an engineering perspective safety, efficiency and reliability are crucial, therefore a running
system is expected to highly satisfy these aspects. Therefore, by delivering a statically and
dynamically balanced system would fulfill all aspects, fist by avoiding vibrations which could
cause system failures and damages. Secondly, by preserving the mechanical energy lost from the
system in the form of irritating noises that or bumpy movement, where both highly offend the
efficiency and reliability results.
References:
Nptel.ac.in. (2018). 11.17 DYNAMIC AND STATIC BALANCING. [online] Available at:
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/116102012/balancing%20of%20machines/dynamic%20and%
20static%20balancing.html [Accessed 18 Nov. 2018].
