UPSC ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER II TOPICWISE QUESTIONS

ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER II TOPIC WISE UPSC

QUESTIONS (1985-2018)

SYLLABUS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

• Examine the regional variations of Mesolithic cultures of
India. 20 marks (2018)

• Explain the contribution of tribal cultures to Indian

civilization 20 marks(2018)

• Neolithic cultures of south india .10m (2017)

• Describe the salient features of chalcolithic cultures of the

decan. 15m (2017)

1.1 Evolution of the • Describe various aspects of trade and religion of harappan
Indian Culture and civilization.15m (2017)
Civilization —
Prehistoric • Give the detail appraisal of skeletal remains from chalcolithic
(Palaeolithic, culture of undivided Punjab.(2016)20M
Mesolithic, Neolithic
• Short notes on Mesolithic findings from balen valley.(2016)
and Neolithic –
Chalcolithic). • South Indian paleoliths (10Marks 2015)
Protohistoric (Indus • Prehistoric Rock art of central India. (10Marks 2015)
Civilization): Pre-
Harappan, Harappan • Discuss the significance of Harappan civilization sites from
and post- Harappan India. (15Marks 2015)
cultures.Contributions
of tribal cultures to • Neolithic cultures of NE India (10Marks 2014)
Indian civilization.
• Describe what is known of Harappan Religion. Have some of
its elements continued into later Hinduism? Discuss.
(20Marks 2014)

• Discuss salient features of Mesolithic culture in India with

special reference to western India.(10Marks – 2013)

• Indian Paleolithic culture can neither be conceived

chronologically homogenous nor as a uniform cultural phase.
Discuss.(15Marks – 2013)

• Discuss the significance of study of religious centres to the

understanding of Indian civilization. (20Marks – 2013)

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• Soan culture. (12Marks – 2012) (30Marks – 2011)

• Paleolithic Art. (12Marks – 2012)

• Compare the salient features and distribution of the Middle

Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic cultures in India. Add a
note on the tool traditions of the Upper Paleolithic period.
(30Marks – 2012)

• Iron age in Gangetic region (15Marks – 2011)

• Describe the characteristic feature of Mesolithic cultures in

India? (30Marks – 2011)

• Neolithic Culture in India (15 Marks – 2010) (. – 2007) (. –

1992) Proto Neolithic (. – 1999)

• Urban Planning in Harappan Culture (15 Marks – 2010)

• Comment in detail on the socio-cultural life of the people of

the Indus Valley Civilization (30 Marks- 2010)

• Examine Gorden Childe’s statement ‘Neolithic_Culture is a

Revolution (15 Marks -2010)

• Examine the contribution of Mesolithic culture to the rise of

Neolithic culture (10 Marks — 2009)

• ‘Langhnaj’ (.-2008)

• Burzahom (. – 2006)

• Mesolithic culture is India (. – 2005)

• Discuss the economic basis of Indus Valley Civilization. What

were the factors of its decline? (– 2005) (. – 2000) (. – 1994)

• Typo-technology of Indian Paleolithic culture (. – 2004)

• Critically examine the contributions of tribal cultures to the

development of Vedic Culture. (. -2003)

• Name a few Chalcolithic sites in India and describe their

most salient features. (– 2002)

• Ecological adaptation during Mesolithic. (. – 2001)

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• Traditional culture as concept (. -2001)

• Critically examine evidence of Upper Paleolithic in India,

Discuss its characteristics. (. – 2001)

• Critically examine various sources of India’s Culture &

Civilization; also distinguish between primary and secondary
civilizations (. 1999)

• Sohanian Tradition (. – 1998)

• Describe the socio Cultural characteristics of the Neolithic

period in India with suitable examples (. – 1998)

• Components of culture and its link with civilization (. -1997)

• Neolithic tool typology and technology of fabrication (. –

1996)

• Discuss the Cultural characteristics of upper Paleolithic

period. Indicate its genesis and development in Indian
context pointing to Distribution and chronology (.-1996)

• Genesis of Urbanization in India (. – 1995)

• Point out the salient features of middle Paleolithic industries

and their markers. Illustrate your answer with examples from
India.(..1994)

• To what extent could the Mesolithic culture be attributed to

a phase of transition between Paleolithic and Neolithic
cultures? Illustrate the answer with apt examples. (.. 1993)

• What are the important features of Indus valley civilization?

Examine the conditions that may have led to urbanization in
the lndus Region. (. – 1990)

• Indus Valley Civilization is regarded as the beginning of

urban life in India. Discuss (. – 1989)

Palaeo – • Describe the salient features of Sivapithecus. 15 marks(2018)

anthropological
evidences from India • Discuss the salient features of Ramapithecus .15m (2017)
with special reference
to Siwaliks and • Delineate the sailent characteristics of ‘ Narmada man’ and

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Narmada basin examine its phylogentic significance.(2016)

(Ramapithecus,
Sivapithecus and
Narmada Man).

• Ethno-archaeology as a research strategy(2018)

1.3 Ethno-archaeology
in India: • Write short notes on Ethno-archaeology. 10m (2017)

a)The concept of • Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditions in the
ethno- understanding of Indian archaeology.15m (2017)
archaeology;
• Ethno archaeological evidencesfor the survival of hunting-
b)Survivals and gathering traditions.(2016)
Parallels among
the hunting, • Discuss the importance of the ethno archaeological
foraging, fishing, approach to the study of indigenous craft in India.
pastoral and (15Marks 2014)
peasant
• Colonial Ethnography. (12Marks – 2012)
communities
• Future of Hunting and Gathering Tribes (15Marks – 2011)
c)Including arts
and crafts • New Archaeology (20 Marks — 2009)
producing
communities. • Concept Ethno Archeology (. – 2008)

• What are the various factors influencing population growth

2. Demographic profile in India? Discuss. 15 marks(2018)
of India —
• Write short notes on austro-asiatic linguistic groups in india.
a)Ethnic and 10m (2017)
linguistic
elements in the • Give your assement of the reason for the imbalance in the
Indian sex-ratio in india.20m (2017)
population and
their distribution. • Short notes on linguistic elements in Indian
population.(2016)
b)Indian
population – • Briefly describe the classical model of ethnic and linguistic
factors classifications of Indian population. Discuss its relevance
influencing its today. (15Marks 2015)
structure and
growth. • Outline the distribution of Dravidian languages in India and
describe their cultural significance. (15Marks 2014) (. – 1990)

• Major linguistic divisions of India (10Marks 2014)

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• Contribution of H. H. Risley to the ‘Aryan’ debate (10Marks

2014)

• Describe the linguistic elements in Indian population?

(15Marks – 2011)

• Critically examine the factors responsible for the high

population growth in India and suggest suitable measures for
population Control. (30 + 15 Marks —2010)

• Discuss the relevance of Guha’s racial classification in the

context of India’s ethnic groups. (15 Marks — 2010) (. – 1991)

• Mediterranean element in Indian Population (. – 2008)

• The distribution of Indo-Aryan Languages (. – 2008)

• Is Risley’s Racial Classification of Indian Population valied?

Critically discuss with the help of suitable examples. (.2008)

• Describe Ethnic elements in the Indian Population focusing

either on Risley’s or Guha’s classification. (. – 2007)

• Write in brief about the population growth of India,

indicating its causes and measures of its control. (. – 2006)

• Demographic transition in India (– 2004)

• Bring out the inter relationship between population growth

and development in the Indian context. (. – 2004)

• Age specific and sex specific mortality rates and dependant

factors. (. 2002)

• Discuss the major linguistic divisions in the India population.

Also point out the role of language in ethno political
movements (. – 1996)

• Social implications of sex ratio in Indian population ( 1995)

• What are the major linguistic families in India? Identify such

families showing the geographical distribution and the
population Groups under different families. (. – 1993)

• Distribution of Austric family of languages in India. (. -1989)

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• Write notes on the following in about 150 words each:

10X5=50

Philosophy behind Purusharthas(2018)

• Write short notes on varnashram and concept of rina.10m

(2018)

• Youth Dormitory. (12Marks – 2012)

• Philosophy behind Purushartha (15Marks – 2011)

• Purusharthas (. 2007) Significance of Purushartha (2003)

• Karma (. – 2006) Concept of Karma in relation to caste (. -

2000)

• Importance of Karma in Hindu Social System (. – 1996)

3.1 The structure and
nature of traditional • Varnashrama (. – 2005)
Indian social system —
Varnashram, • Concept of Rina and Rebirth (. – 2002) (. – 1997)
Purushartha, Karma,
Rina and Rebirth. • Explain the concept of ‘Rina’ according to the Hindu
scriptures. What were the mechanisms Suggested by the
scholars to repay the ‘Rina’? (.-1995)

• Social significance of Grihasta ashram. (. – 1994)

• Describe the major purusharthas according to Hindu

Scriptures and discuss the social significance of harmonious
management of ‘Trivarga’ (. 1994)

• Describe salient features of traditional joint family system in

India. Trace causes for its disintegration in recent decades. (.
– 1999)

• Discuss the basis of Indian Social System. Do you find any

change today? (1998)

• Structure and functions of joint family (. – 1989) (. – 1992)

• Examine joint family role in Hindu Social System & its impact
on caste system. (. – 1997)

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• Explain the significance of tribe-caste continuum in the

present context. 15 marks(2018)

• Discuss the view that caste is not social stratification, but a

system of hierarchy. 15 marks(2018)

• Based on historical and contemporary evidences discuss the

future of caste system in India. 15 marks(2018)

• Discuss the impact of market economy on the Jajmani

system. 20m (2017)

3.2 Caste system in • Examine the structural and cultural cultural theories of caste
India- system in india.(2016)20M

• structure and • Relevance of caste in contemporary india.(2016)

characteristics,
• What do you understand by the dynamics of Caste mobility?
• Varna and caste, How did the concept of Sanskritization contribute to its
functionality? (20Marks 2015)
• Theories of origin
of caste system, • Critically examine the concept of Tribe – Caste continuum
and its relevance in contemporary India. (15Marks 2015)
• Dominant caste,
• Define the concept ‘Dominant Caste’ and examine its
• Caste mobility, relevance in the contemporary Indian village with suitable
examples. (20Marks 2014) (15Marks – 2011) (. – 1999)
• Future of caste
system, Jajmani • Do you think caste persists in contemporary India? Critically
system, Tribe- discuss. (15Marks 2014)
caste continuum.
• Tribe Caste continuum (10Marks 2014)

• Discuss how Louis Dumont explained caste system.(10Marks

– 2013)

• What is Jajmani system? Examine the views on Jajmani

system as an egalitarian as well as exploitative system. Give
reasons for its decline.(25Marks – 2013)

• Examine the criticisms on the concept of dominant

caste.(15Marks – 2013)

• Critically examine the prevalence of caste ideology among

religious minorities in the Indian context. (30Marks – 2012)

• Gender and Customary Law. (10Marks – 2012)

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• Gender and Caste. (10Marks – 2012)

• Critically examine the theories of Origin of Castes. (15Marks –

2011)

• Examine the role of the caste system in the present political

context. (15 Marks — 2010)

• Is the present political System strengthening the caste

system? Discuss. (15 Marks — 2010)

• Discuss the salient features of the prevalent hypotheses on

the future of the caste system in India (30 Marks — 2009)

• Bring out the various features and the importance of the

“Dominant Caste” Concept (20 Marks — 2009)

• Is Tribe-Caste Continuum a reality or myth? Discuss.(2008)

• Tribe Caste continuum. (. – 2004)

• Jajmani System (. – 2007) (. – 1998)

• Caste as a pattern of social stratification (. – 2003) (.. 1989)

• Define the Jajmani system. Analyze the changes in the

relationship between caste and occupation in contemporary
Rural Society ( 2000)

• Significance of Varna and Caste (. – 1997) Distinguish

between Varna and Caste (. 1995)

• Caste bound occupations Vis-a-Vis Urban professions (. –

1993)

• Concept of caste as a hierarchical system based on the

opposition between “pure and impure”. (. – 1991)

• Discuss the essential features of the caste system in India.

Critically examine its role in the changing social context in
contemporary times. ( – 1990)

• Concept of purity and caste system ( – 1989)

3.3 Sacred Complex and • Critically examine the contributions of Makhan Jha and B. N.
Nature- Man- Spirit Saraswati to the study of sacred complexes in India. 20

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Complex. marks(2018)

• Write short notes on Nature- Man- Spirit Complex.10m (2017)

• Sacred complex as a dimension of Indian civilization

(10Marks 2015)

• Describe the concept of ‘Sacred Complex’ with an

ethnographic example. (15Marks 2014)

• Examine Nature-man-spirit complex as an ecological

concept.(15Marks – 2013)

• Sacred Geography. (12Marks – 2012)

• Nature-Man-Spirit Complex (20 Marks — 2009)

• Sacred Complex (. – 2005)

Trace the broad unifying features of traditional Hindu Society

in the anthropological perspective (. – 2004)

• Explain the impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian

society. 20 marks(2018)

• Discuss the social ,political and economic status of muslims

in india.15m (2017)

• Explain how Bhuddism influenced the economic and cultural

transformations of Indian society.20m (2017)

• Impact of Jainism on Indian society.(2016)

3.4 Impact of
Buddhism, Jainism,
• Islam and Matriliny. (10Marks 2015)
Islam and Christianity
on Indian society. • Discuss the contribution of Islam to the composite culture of
India. (15Marks 2014)

• Describe what is known of Harappan Religion. Have some of

its elements continued into later Hinduism? Discuss.
(20Marks 2014)

• Sufi tradition of Islam.(10Marks – 2013)

• Impact of Islam on Indian Society. (. – 2005)

• Evaluate the impact of Buddhism Jainism, Islam and

Christianity on Indian Society and culture in anthropological

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terms. (. – 2003)

• Account for the emergence of new religions in India in the

6th century B.C. ( – 1998)

• Discuss the contribution of S. C Roy in the study of tribal

cultures in India. 15 marks(2018)

• Compare and contrast the economic typology of tribes given

by different anthropologists. 20 marks(2018)

• Discuss the contribution of Nirmal Kumar bose to the

understanding of Indian society. 20m (2017)

• Discuss the contribution of L.P Vidyarthi and D.N.Majumdar

to the study of Indian tribes.

4. Emergence and • Discuss the contribution of MN Srinivas to the study of

growth of anthropology Indian society. Examine the influence of British social
in India- anthropologists on his ideas. (15Marks 2015)

• Contributions of • Discuss the contributions of S. C. Roy to understanding the

the 18th, 19th and tribes of India. (20Marks 2014)
early 20th
Century scholar- • Examine the anthropological contributions dealing with
administrators. tribes and Indian civilization.(25Marks – 2013)

• Contributions of • Discuss the contributions of H. D. Sankalia to prehistoric

Indian anthropology in India.(20Marks – 2013)
anthropologists
to tribal and caste • Assess the contributions of early 20th century ethnographic
studies. tradition to Indian anthropology.(15Marks – 2013)

• Trace the trajectory of encyclopedic works on tribes and

castes of South India with special Reference to
Ananthakrishna Iyer’s contribution. (20Marks – 2012)

• Compare the contributions of S.C. Roy and Verrier Elwin to

tribal ethnographies in India. (20Marks – 2012)

• Evaluate the contribution of American anthropologists to

Indian anthropology. (30Marks – 2011)

• Assess the contribution of Varrier Elwin to Indian

anthropology. (15Marks – 2011)

• Assess the contributions of M.N. Srinivas towards Indian

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Anthropology in general. Add a note on his understanding in

the context of studying social mobility in India, (20+10 Marks
— 2010)

• Write a brief note on the contributions of Prof., LP. Vidyarthi

in the field of anthropology. (20 Marks — 2009)

• Highlight the Contributions of Indian Anthropologists in the

understanding of tribal life. (. – 2007)

• N.K.Bose’s contributions to Indian Anthropology (. – 2006)

• Initial period of tribal studies in India (. – 2006)

• Briefly discuss the contributions of Indian Anthropologists

during 20th Century to Anthropology. (. – 2006)

• Give an account of the contributions of Indian scholars in the

growth and development of Anthropology in India in early
20th century.(. – 2005)

• Tribe and peasant similarities and differences ( 2003)

• Critically examine the contributions of some of the British

Scholar administrators to Indian Anthropology.(LQ-2002)

• Action Anthropology (. -2001)

• V.EIwin and his contributions (. – 1998)

• Assess the growth and development of Anthropology in

India. Illustrate the contribution of early 20th century
Anthropologists in Tribal Caste studies. (. – 1997)

• Estimate the contributions of S.C. Roy in the field of

Ethnography and his influence on the growth of
Anthropology in India. (. – 1996)

• *Maler’s perception of the habitat. (. -1996)

Discuss the major contributions of Von.Furer Haimendorf to

Indian Anthropology. (. – 1995)

5.1 Indian Village: • Discuss the impact of market economy on rural villages. 15
marks(2018)
• Significance of
village study in • Give a critical evaluation of any one anthropological village

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India; study in india.15m (2017)

• Indian village as a • Examine nature of interplay of little and great traditions in

social system; the context of globalization(2016)15m

• Traditional and • Explain Indian village as a social system with

changing example.(2016)20m
patterns of
settlement and • Describe the traditional patterns of settlement of Indian
inter-caste villages(2016)20M
relations;
• Examine the contribution of village studies towards the
• Agrarian understanding of Indian social system. (20Marks 2015)
relations in
Indian villages; • Discuss the impact of Globalization on Village economy in
India. (15Marks 2015)
• Impact of
globalization on • Examine the impacts of green revolution on rural
Indian villages. poor.(15Marks – 2013)

• How has globalization impacted agrarian relations in the last

two decades? (20Marks – 2012)

• Indegenous knowledge. (12Marks – 2012)

• Discuss contributions of S.C. Dube towards understanding of

the Indian village. (15 Marks — 2010)

• Describe the significant contributions of village studies in

India to the understanding of social transformations. (60
Marks — 2009)

• Globalization and Indian Peasantry (. – 2004)

• Analyze how the village Studies contributed in understanding

the Indian social system. (. 2004)

• Green Revolution and its economic and ecological

dimensions? (. – 2002)

• Village Studies in India. (. – 2002)

• Explain criteria for dominant caste. How far is this concept

still crucial to our understanding of India’s villages after
implementation of Reservation in democratic institutions?
Discuss. (. -2001)

• Village Studies are crucial to the understanding of Indian life

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and culture. Who were the pioneer anthropologists to

undertake such Studies? Give a comprehensive Picture of any
one of them. (. – 1998)

• Child mortality in rural areas (. – 1996)

• Forms of labour bondage in Indian Agriculture (. – 1991)

• What is the notion of folk urban continuum in the study of

peasant society? Is it applicable to Indian conditions? ( 1991)

• Discuss the major concepts and approaches employed by the

anthropologists in the study of peasant society in India.
(1990)

• *Peasant Society (. – 1985)

• Discuss the problems faced by religious minorities in India.

(15Marks 2015)

• Critically examine the ‘book view’ and the ‘field view’ of social
reality. (20Marks – 2012)

• What are the issues and socio-economic problems arising out

of being a religious minority? Discuss. (. – 2007)

• Linguistic distribution of Indian population. (.. 2006)

5.2 Linguistic and
religious minorities • “Linguistic and religious minorities are particularly
and their social, vulnerable to political manipulation”. Comment. (. – 2005)
political and economic
status. • Discuss the socio economic status of religious minorities in
India. Identify their role in politics. (. – 2003)

• Distinguish between characteristics and problems of

linguistic and religious minorities in India. Give examples of
conflicts generated by such considerations and steps to
resolve them. (. – 2000)

• Special provisions for minorities (. – 1993)

• State should protect the personal laws of religious minorities.

Discuss with reference to the problem of national integration.
(. 1991)

5.3 Indigenous and • Write a shrort notes on Endangered Languages(2018)

exogenous processes of

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socio-cultural change • Describe the media as an instrument for social change.15m

in Indian society: (2017)

• Sanskritization, • Discuss the impact of panchayati raj institution on the

Westernization, empowerment of rural women in india. 15m (2017)
Modernization;
• How is process of tribe caste continuum different from
• Inter-play of little sanskritization.(2016)15M
and great
traditions; • What do you understand by the dynamics of Caste mobility?
How did the concept of Sanskritization contribute to its
• Panchayati raj functionality? (20Marks 2015)
and social
change; • Panchayatiraj institutions and social change (10Marks 2015)

• Media and social • Examine the Social implications of media & communication
change. technology (20Marks 2015)

• Great tradition and little tradition (10Marks 2014) (. – 1996) (.

– 1987)

• Indian farmers are not slow to react to economic

opportunities. Discuss this statement.(15Marks – 2013)

• Participatory Rural Appraisal. (12Marks – 2012)

• Critique of the concept of Great and Little Tradition.

(15Marks – 2011)

• *“Modernity has entered Indian character and society, but it

has done so through assimilation, not replacement.” Discuss.
(30Marks – 2011)

• Universalization and Parochialization (15 Marks 2010) (. 1997)

(. – 1985)

• *Sanskritization as a mode of social change (20 Marks —

2009) (. – 1992)

• What are the various exogenous processes of socio-cultural

changes in Indian Society? (20 Marks — 2009)

• Critically examine concepts of little & Great Traditions for

understanding Indian Villages.(. 2008)

• Critically review the process of social changes the

contemporary Indian society is undergoing. (. – 2006)

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• Sanskritization and westernization. (. – 2002)

• Great Traditions (. – 1999)

• Distinguish between Sanskritization and de – sanskritization.

Critically examine the impact of Sanskritization on Social
Mobility in India (-1999)

• Do you think that the process of Sanskritization leads to any

structural changes in the society? Discuss with reference to
the Modern Indian Society. (. – 1994)

• Discuss in what way the study of great tradition and little

tradition is essential for understanding the cultural processes
of Indian Civilization. (. -1992).

• Relationship between Sanskritizatjon and Westernization as

process of socio cultural change. (.- 1991)

• Sanskritization as a factor o social change among the

scheduled castes of India. (. – 1990)

• ‘Tradition is a single unbroken chain’. Discuss this statement

throwing light on the relevance of the use of the terms great
tradition And little tradition in India in the fields of (a)
religion (b) kinship and (C) Agriculture. (. – 1987)

• Discuss how the concepts of sanskritization & westernization

explain the process of change in Indian Society &Culture.
(1986)

6.1 Tribal situation in • Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes(2016)10m

India –
• Elwin – Ghurye debate on Tribes. (10Marks 2015)
• Bio-genetic
• Socioeconomic characteristics of Shifting cultivators.
variability,
(10Marks 2015)
• linguistic and
• Biogenetic variations of Indian tribes (10Marks 2014)
socio-economic
characteristics of • Social and economic marginalization of tribal people
tribal populations (10Marks 2014)
and their
distribution. • Threat to tribal languages in India.(10Marks – 2013)

• Linguistic classification of Indian tribes.(10Marks – 2013)

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• Discuss the concept of ‘indigenous people’ as per the relevant

UN convention. Are tribals of India indigenous people?
Comment. (20Marks – 2012)

• Discuss the linkages between language, territoriality and

kinship among the tribes of North-East India. (30Marks –
2012)

• Discuss the distinctive features of tribes in North east India.

(30Marks – 2011)

• “Tribes in India are not homogeneous group.” Discuss.

(30Marks – 2011)

• Discuss the relevance of traditional wisdom and knowledge

of the tribes with reference to health in the present day
context. (20 Marks — 2010)

• Do you think that Indian tribes have rich biogenetic

variability? Discuss. (.-2007)

• Key characteristics of STs in India (. – 2006)

• Discuss the biomorphic variations of Tribes of North Eastern

India (. – 2006)

• Genetic diversity among Indian Tribes (. – 2005)

• Biogenetic variability in tribal populations. (. – 2003)

• Linguistic diversity among the tribes of Chota Nagpur ( 2002)

• Discuss the anthropological approach to the understanding

of the tribal ethos and comment on the major socio economic
problem of Indian Tribes. (. – 1990)

• Describe the racial, linguistic and socio economic

characteristics of a tribe of Central India or of South India.

• (. – 1985)

• Briefly describe the linguistic and socio-economic

characteristics of the tribal peoples either (a) Of central India
including the Chota Nagpur plateau or (b) of North East
India. (. – 1987)

• Languages spoken by the scheduled tribes (. – 1986)

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• Hunting and food gathering tribes of India (. – 1986)

• Write a short notes on indebtedness among tribal

communities.10m(2017)

• Describe the impact of displacement on the health and

nutritional status of the tribal communities. 20m (2017)

• Discuss how constitutional provisions in India have built in

mechanisms for dealing with the problem of land alienation
in tribal areas. (20Marks 2015)

• Discuss the Sociocultural, Economic and Psychological

constraints responsible for low literacy in Tribal areas.
(15Marks 2015)

• Discuss the impact of land alienation on the tribes of Central

India. (15Marks 2014)

6.2 Problems of the • Left-wing extremism and Tribals in India. (15Marks – 2011)
tribal Communities —
land alienation, • Discuss alternatives for shifting cultivators in the context of
poverty, indebtedness, ecological costs and humanistic concerns. (20Marks – 2013)
low literacy, poor
educational facilities, • Education and health among tribal Women. (15 Marks —
unemployment, 2010)
underemployment,
health and nutrition. • The problem of bonded Labour among Indian tribes. (15
Marks — 2010)

• Land and forest are the twin problems of the tribes. Explain.
(40 Marks — 2010)

• Critically examine the various structural constraints in the

education development of Scheduled Tribes. (30 Marks-2010)

• Write a brief note on the linguistic diversity among Indian

tribes. (20 Marks — 2009)

• Indebtedness in Tribal Communities (20 Marks — 2009)

• Land Alienation (. – 2007)

• Discuss the factors related to low literacy rate among the

tribal’s of India. Write in brief the measures taken by the
government in different five years plans to eradicate it. (. –
2005)

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• Land alienation among the tribal’s (. – 2003)

• *Constraints of educational development among the tribal’s.

(. -2003)

• Do you think that exploitation emanates from clash of self-

interest between groups? Discuss in the context of tribal’s
and non tribals. (. – 2002)

• The problems of de-notified groups (. – 2000)

• Tribal education in the context of development (. – 2000)

• Land Alienation in Tribal India (. – 1999)

• Bring out with suitable examples the constraints of

educational development of tribal communities in India.
Suggest remedial Measures in this context. (. – 1999)

• Discuss the health and nutritional status of tribal and rural

children in India. How far has the government policy been
effective?(. – 1998)

• Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits ( – 1997) (.– 1991)

• Describe the Socio cultural factors related to the poor health

Conditions of the Indian tribal population. Suggest measures
for improving these conditions. (. – 1995)

• Factors responsible for tribal migration and its

consequences.(. -1994)

• Shifting cultivation in the context of land use pattern (. 1993)

• Tribal education (. – 1993)

• Indebtedness and land alienation among Indian tribes (. –

1992) (. – 1986)

• Land and forest are basic needs of tribal’s (. – 1992)

• What are the major problems of the tribals in India? Evaluate

the measures adopted by the central and state governments
in India to solve these problems. (. – 1992)

• Discuss some major problems of the tribes of India. Make a

critical evaluation of the measures adopted by the central and

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state Governments in India to solve these problems and

account for their limited Success. ( – 1989)

• Discuss the significance and implementation of ‘Recognition

of Forest Right’s Act 2006’. 15 marks(2018)

• Examine the advancement made in the land acquisition and

rehabilitation Act of 2013 over the land acquisition Act of
1894. 15 marks(2018)

• Impact of industrialization on schedule tribe population of

Jharkhand.(2016)10m

• Discuss the impact of Globalization on the livelihood of the

tribal populations. (20Marks 2014)
6.3 Developmental • Forest policy and tribes (10Marks 2014)
projects and their
impact on tribal • Impacts of sanctuaries and national parks on tribal
displacement and populations.(10Marks – 2013)
problems of
rehabilitation. • Commodification of Tribal Art. (12Marks – 2012)

• Development of • *Critically examine the National Policy on Rehabilitation and

forest policy and Resettlement substantiating it with experiences from
tribals. different parts of India. (30Marks – 2012)

• Impact of • Forest Rights Act—2006. (15Marks – 2011)

urbanization and
industrialization • Discuss the problem of displaced tribal communities with the
on tribal help of recent examples. (30Marks – 2011)
populations.
• The impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on tribal
women. (15Marks – 2011)

• Tribal displacement. (15 Marks — 2010)

• Critically examine the evaluation of Forest Policy in India

since the British period. Discuss its impact on tribaIs. (60
Marks -2009)

• Discuss the health problems faced by tribal populations in

India. Suggest some corrective measures. (. – 2008)

• Impact of Industrialization on Tribes. (. – 2007)

• Joint Forest Management (. – 2006)

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• Examine the impact of urbanization and industrialization on

tribal economy in India. (. – 2005)

• Sustainable Development of Tribes (. – 2004)

• Discuss the context, process and consequences of involuntary

displacement among tribal communities in India and analyze
the Problems of rehabilitation.(. – 2004)

• Discuss how forest is related to the tribal life. Critically

examine how a change in forest policy and forest degradation
has affected Tribal economy. (. – 2003)

• Indicate the main thrust of anthropological studies on

development induced displacement and rehabilitation.
Suggest a worthwhile rehabilitation package for displaced
tribal’s to retain their sense of community belonging. (. -2001)

• Sustainable development (. – 1999)

• Critically examine the forest policy in India right since the

British period. Discuss its impact on tribal people. (. – 1999)

• Discuss the problem of tribal displacement in India. To what

extent are development policies responsible for such
displacement? Also explain the role of NGOs in providing the
remedial measures to the affected people. (– 1999)

• Social forestry (. – 1998)

• Point out the favorable and detrimental impacts of

industrialization on rural population living in the vicinity
areas. What are your Proposals for achieving a balance
without harmful effects? (. – 1993)

• Effects of governmental policy regarding forests on Indian

tribes (.-1991)

• Large scale development and distress in tribal regions (. 1988)

• The impact of industrialization on the tribes of India created

for them many problems. Discuss with suitable examples. (. –
1986)

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• Write notes on the following in about 150 words

each: 10X5=50

OBCs among non-Hindu communities(2018)

• Discuss the constitutional safeguards for the schedule

caste.15m (2017)

• Write short notes on other backward class.10 m (2017)

• Give a critical appraisal of any one tribal development

programme during XIIth five year plan. Give suggestion for
any improvement in the programme.15m(2017)

• Write in detail various provisions provided by the

7.1 Problems of constitution of india for the schedule tribes under V and VI
exploitation and schedules.(2016)20m
deprivation of
Scheduled Castes, • Examine the factors responsible for exploitation of schedule
Scheduled Tribes and caste in india.(2016)20m
Other Backward
Classes. • Explain the difficulties experienced by schedule tribes with
regard to implementation of ’recognition of forcat rights act
2006’.(2016)15m

Constitutional • Critically compare ‘Affirmative Action’ of USA and ‘Protective

safeguards for discrimination’ for scheduled tribes in India. (15Marks 2015)
Scheduled Tribes and
Scheduled Castes. • Critically examine the constitutional provisions for
safeguarding the interests of Scheduled Tribes in India.
(20Marks 2014)

• Role of Governor in Fifth Schedule areas. (10Marks 2015)

• Discuss the Social disabilities suffered by scheduled

castes.(15Marks – 2013)

• *Using suitable examples bring out the historical processes of

the social exclusion of denotified tribes. (20Marks – 2012)

• Panchayati Raj and the tribes (15 Marks — 2010)

• Fifth Schedule of the Constitution. (20 Marks — 2009)

• Constitutional safeguards for SCs. (. – 2007) (. – 1996)

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• National Commission for SCs and STs (. – 2004)

• Critically examine the merits and demerits of reservation

policy for the STs, SCs and Other Backward Castes. (. – 2002)

• Do you think that exploitation emanates from clash of self-

interest between groups? Discuss in the context of tribal’s
and non-tribals. (. – 2002)

• Scheduled Area (.-2001)

• Distinguish between exploitation and deprivation of SCs (. –

1995)

• Constitutional safeguards for STs (. – 1994) (. – 1987)

• Describe the efficiency of the Legislative measures adopted

by the government to tackle the socio economic problems of
SCs. What Other measures would you suggest to tackle these
problems? (. – 1994)

• What are the major socio economic problems faced by the

SCs? Point out the criteria for diagnosis and suggest the
remedial Measures (. – 1993)

• Evaluate the extent to which existing reservation for SCs and

STs have led to social mobility among them. What
suggestions would you make for implementing the policy of
adding economic criteria in extending reservation to the so
called forward castes? (. –1991)

• Discuss the provisions and significance of the protective

discrimination policy towards scheduled castes. Assess its
impact on their Social mobility. (. – 1990)

• Assertion of ethnic identity and ethnic solidarity has been a

pervasive process in India after independence. Analyze this in
relation to Constitutional safeguards and emerging national
integration. ( – 1988)

• Define untouchability and point out whether the problem of

its removal should be treated as a matter of social reform
rather than as a part of administrative and legal measures. (. –
1986)

• Identify the main problems of the SCs and discuss the

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measures adopted to solve them. (. -1985)

• Write notes on the following in about 150 words each:

10X5=50(2018)

(a) Youth dormitory as an institution

(b) Tribe and scheduled tribe

(c) Agrarian social structure

(d) The impact of Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas

(e) Modernization
7.2 Social change and
contemporary tribal • Discuss the nature of Social change in Tribal India under the
societies: impact of Developmental programmes. (15Marks 2015)

• Critically compare ‘Affirmative Action’ of USA and ‘Protective

• Impact of
discrimination’ for scheduled tribes in India. (15Marks 2015)
modern
democratic • Tribes as Indigenous Culture (. – 2008)
institutions,
• How have modern democratic institutions influenced the
• development
Indian tribal societies? Assess. (. – 2008)
programmes and
welfare measures • Tribal Sub plan (. – 2005)
on tribals and
weaker sections. • Panchayati Raj (. – 2005)

• Implications of recent presidential orders relating to schedule

tribes and schedule castes(2003)

• What do you understand by the integrated tribal and rural

developmental programmes? How would you evaluate the
success or Failure of these programmes? (. – 2002)

• Mention various developmental programmes implemented

for the socio economic wellbeing of SCs? Do these
programmes fulfill their aspirations? Discuss. (. -2001)

• Tribal subplan (1999)

• ITDA (. – 1998)

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• Discuss the impact of modernization on trial and rural people

in India. (. -1998)

• * Estimate the role of democratic institutions /

Organizations for the development of weaker sections and
the welfare measures Adopted by them. (. – 1997)

• Involvement of local communities in Forest Management (. –

1996)

• Peoples participation in Tribal development (. – 1995)

• Positive and Negative responses of the tribals to

governmental measures (. 1994)

• Direction of Tribal change (. – 1993)

• Discuss the socio economic and political characteristics of

revitalization movements in Tribal India. How are they
affected by culture? Contact with outsiders? (. – 1991)

• Impact of urbanization on tribal societies (. – 1990)

• Discuss the peoples’ response and participation in

developmental programmes in tribal areas. (. – 1988)

• Rapid industrialization may lead to Psychological

frustrations. Discuss. (. – 1987)

• Advantages of Ashram Schools in tribal areas (. -1986)

• Analyze the programmes for tribal welfare undertaken by the

governments in terms of relevant Constitutional and
statutory Provisions. (. -1986)

• What are the various policies that have been suggested for
bringing the tribals into the mainstream of national life? In
the interest of the tribals which of these policies do you
consider suitable? (. – 1985)

7.3The concept of • Discuss the various factors resulting in tribal unrest in

ethnicity; various parts of India. 15 marks(2018)

• Examine the colonial administrators’ view that Indian villages

• Ethnic conflicts
can be considered as ‘little republics’. 15 marks(2018)
and political

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developments; • Write short notes on ethnicity and regionalism.10m (2017)

• Unrest among • Tribe as a colonial construct(2016)10m

tribal
communities; • Short notes on The role of regionalism plays in demand for
autonomy among Indian tribes.(2016)10m
• Regionalism and
demand for • Rights over resources and Tribal unrest (10Marks 2015)
autonomy;
• Discuss the rise of ethno nationalism among Indian tribes
• Pseudo-tribalism; with specific example. (15Marks 2014)

• Social change • What are the significant factors responsible for tribal unrest?
among the tribes (15Marks 2014)
during colonial
and post- • Ethnic movements in India. (10Marks – 2013)
Independent
India. • Examine the impact of non-tribal contact on socio-cultural
institutions of tribal people with suitable examples. (15Marks
– 2013)

• Compare the approach adopted towards tribal communities

during Colonial and post- independence periods. (30Marks –
2011)

• Discuss and compare the approaches towards the tribes

during colonial and post independent India. (30 Marks —
2010)

• Do you find any significant change in the approaches towards

the tribes during colonial and post independent India?
Assess. (15 Marks — 2010)

• Tribal unrest in Central India (20 Marks — 2009)

• Concept of Ethnicity (. – 2008)

• Critically review Tana Bhagat Movement) its causes and

effects. (. – 2006)

• Discuss the features affecting ethnic boundaries”, giving

Indian examples. (. – 2006)

• Discuss the relationship of ethnicity and nation-state. (. 2005)

• Detribalization (. – 2004) (. – 2001)

• Evaluate Fredrick Barth’s concept of ethnic boundaries.

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Explain its distinction from cultural content. (. – 2004)

• Ethnic conflict (. – 2004)

• Classify the tribal movements in contemporary India in a

regional perspective and analyze the contributive factors. (
2004)

• Identify the causes and consequences of major tribal

movements in India. (. – 2003)

• What is ethnicity? Does ethnicity add to conflicts and

tensions in the society? Illustrate. (. – 2002)

• Birsa movement (. – 2001)

• Ethnic Boundaries (. – 2000)

• Assess the political and economic role of tribal and rural

movements in the creation of the new states of Uttaranchal,
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. (. – 2000)

• To what extent ethnicity is responsible for the tribal

movements in India? Elaborate with Suitable examples. (. –
1995)

• Tribal movements – pros and cons (. – 1994)

• Ethnicity (. – 1993)

• Discuss the role of socio political movements in the

emergence of tribal identity in the Indian context. (. – 1990)

• Define the concept of ‘ethnic identity’. Discuss how it is

emerging in the context of tribal unrest in some regions of
the country (. – 1989)

• Racial elements among STs in India (. – 1988)

• Assertion of ethnic identity and ethnic solidarity has been a

pervasive process in India after independence. Analyze this in
relation to Constitutional safeguards and emerging national
integration. (– 1988)

8.1 Impact of • Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes.10 m (2017)

Hinduism, Buddhism,

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Christianity, Islam and • Discuss the impact of islam on schedule tribes of

other religions on india.(2016)15m
tribal societies.
• Islam and Matriliny. (10Marks 2015)

• Discuss the impact of Hinduism on the status of Tribal

women in Central India (15Marks 2015)

• Impact of Christianity on tribes (10Marks 2014)

• Using ethnographic examples highlight the processes of

religious conversions in Tribal India. (20Marks – 2012)

• Discus the impact of Hindu Society on tribal population in

India. (30Marks – 2011)

• Analyze the impact of Christianity on tribal communities

with special reference to North-East India (60 Marks — 2009)

• Buddhism, Christianity and Scheduled Castes (. – 2004)

• Bases of tribal religion (. – 2002)

• Impact of Christianity on tribal societies (. – 2000)

• Define religion in anthropological perspective. Bring out the

impact of Christianity on the converted and non-converted
tribal group of India. (. -1996)

• Write notes on the following in about 150 words each:

Distinctive cultural features of tribes of Andaman

Islands(2018)
8.2 Tribe and nation
state – a comparative • Critically evaluate the term tribe, as compared to term
study of tribal indigenous in some other countries. 20m (2017)
communities in India
and other countries. • Critically examine the relationship between tribal
communities and the Nation-State on issues of governance.
(20Marks – 2012)

• Discuss the Anthropological understanding of rising ethnicity

among Indian Tribes in the context of Nation Building. (. –
2007)

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• Nation State (. – 2002)

• What do you know by tribe and nations? How do states

carved for tribals in India differ from tribal-nation states in
Africa? Discuss (. – 2001)

• Discuss the divisive factors which disrupt national integration

in India. What would you Suggest to Counteract the divisive
forces?(. – 1992)

• Cultural pluralism and national integration (. – 1990)

• What are the major issues of National Integration in India?

Discuss how it has been corded in the recent years. What
remedial Measures would you suggest for National
Integration? (. – 1989)

• Regional disparity and National Integration (. – 1988)

• What suggestions would you like to make as an

anthropologist for bringing the tribal peoples in the national
mainstream? Without obliterating their separate identity?

( 1987)

• Examine the advantages and disadvantages of linguistic states

in India in the context of national integration. (. – 1987)

• Issues relating to National integration. (. – 1986)

9.1 History of • Discuss the salient features of PESA Act of 1996 and attempt a
administration of tribal comparison with the features of the VI Schedule15
areas: marks(2018)

• Tribal policies, • Write short notes on particularly vulnerable tribal

plans, groups(PTG) 10M (2017)
programmes of
tribal • Discuss the emergence ,salient features and limitations of
tribal sub-plan 15m (2017)
• development and
their • Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in
implementation. transformation of schedule tribes in central india.(2016)15m

• The concept of • Discuss the various tribal development programs an plans

PTGs (Primitive have impacted the process of social transformation among
Tribal Groups), tribes.(2016)15m
their distribution,

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specialprogramm • Relevance of tribal Panchsheel today.(10Marks 2015)

es for their
development. • Recently NGO’s have been critiqued for interfering with
developmental process inn Tribal heartland. Critically
• Role of N.G.O.s comment. (20Marks 2015)
in tribal
development • Critically examine the role of NGOs in promoting health &
Education in tribal areas.(15Marks 2014)

• Describe the history administration in the colonial period.

(15Marks 2014)

• Critically evaluate the National Tribal Policy. (15Marks 2014)

• The concept of PTG (10Marks 2014)

• Government Action towards Left Wing Extremism.(10Marks –

2013)

• Role of Gramasabha under PESA.(10Marks – 2013)

• Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule of the constitution are

built on the foundations laid by the colonial Government.
Discuss.(20Marks – 2013)

• Discuss the Significance of cultural and administrative factors

in tribal development.(15Marks – 2013)

• Discuss the criticism leveled against anthropology in the

context of ‘Isolation, and assimilation debate’ on tribal
populations.(20Marks – 2013)

• Discuss how British policies dispossessed tribal’s of their

communal properties and agricultural lands.(15Marks – 2013)

• Examine the relevance of Tribal Panchsheel by Jawaharlal

Nehru in the light of emerging Development practices.
(20Marks – 2012)

• Tribal Panchsheel. (15Marks – 2011)

• NGOs and tribal development (20 Marks – 2009) (. – 2007) (.

– 2002)

• What are the special problems of the Primitive Tribal

Groups? How far have the developmental programmes of the
government able to address these? (. – 2008)

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• Programmes of Tribal Development (. – 2006)

• Elucidate the nature of changes in administration of tribal

areas from colonial period to post-Independence era in India.
(. – 2005)

• Give an account of Joint Forest Management Programmes.

What is the role of NGOs in such programmes? (. – 2000)

• Outline the historical background of tribal administration

during the colonial period. Evaluate post-independence
administrative policies with special reference to states under
either the fifth schedule or sixth schedule of the Constitution
of India. (. – 2000)

• Plans and programmes of Tribal development (. – 1997)

• Role of NGQs in literacy programmes (. – 1996)

• Critically evaluate various approaches to set the tribal’s

within the mainstream of Indian civilization. In your opinion
which approach is relevant in the modern context. (. – 1995)

• Examine the strengths and weaknesses of anthropology in the

context of its role in tribal and rural development. 20
marks(2018)

• Discuss the role of anthropology in understanding the loss of

livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and
ecological factors.15m (2017)

• Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are

9.2 Role of
useful in rural development.(2016)15m
anthropology in tribal
and rural development. • Write about contribution made by cristoph von furer-
haimendrof to tribal anthropology in india.(2016)

• Examine in detail the role of Anthropology in planning for

Tribal development. (15Marks 2015)

• Critically assess the role of anthropologists in rural

development. (20Marks 2014) (. – 1997)

• Using examples, comment on how anthropology can be

utilized in policy making. (20Marks – 2012)

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• Discuss the role of Anthropology’ in Tribal Development.

(. – 2006) (. – 1994) (. – 1992)

• Role of anthropologists in rural development (. – 2005)

• Anthropologists are better equipped to play an effective role

in rural and tribal development. Discuss (. – 2004)

• Anthropological approach in Tribal development (.- 1987)

• Discuss the role of Anthropology in planning and executing

development programmes among the tribal communities. (. –
1985)

• Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political

movements.(2016)10m

• Critically examine the concept of communalism and its

relevance for multi-religious and multi-ethnic polity of India.
(20Marks 2015)

9.3 Contributions of • Factors contributing to communalism. (15Marks – 2011)

anthropology to the
• Analyze the factors influencing tribal regionalism, citing
understanding of
Indian examples. (30 Marks — 2010)
regionalism,
communalism, and • In what ways has anthropology contributed to the
ethnic and political understanding of ethnic and political movements in India?
movements. (60 Marks — 2009)

• Revivalistic Movements. (. – 2008)

• What IS regionalism? Evaluate how regionalism has

stimulated political movements in India. (. 2003)

• Discuss the significance of the regionalism and communalism

in Indian context and its role in ethno political movements in
the Present political system. (. – 1997)

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