1.

 LAXATIVE
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Tinnevelly Sennoside A ,
Cassia angustifolia,
senna sennoside B, sennoside
Senna cassia acutifolia, laxativeaxative
alexanderian C, sennoside D, aloe
leguminosae
senna emodin, chrysophanol

Aloe Musabbar Aloe species Aloin,(barbaloin) beta- Internally as

liliaceae barbaloin purgative,
externally in skin
disease.

Rhubarb Rheum Rheum species Free anthraquinones Purgative

polygonaceae

Ispaghula Ishabgul Plantago ovata Polysaccharide yields L- Bulk, laxative in

plantaginaceae arabiose, rhamnose, D- chronic
galactose and D- constipation
galacturonic acid.

2.CARDIOTONICS
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Digitalis Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Primary glycosides are Congestive

leaves scrophulariaceae purpurea glycoside A & cardiac failure,
B, secondary glycosides atrial flutter,
are digitoxin, gitoxin and atrial
digoxin fibrillation.

Arjuna Arjuna Terminalia arjuna Triterpenoidal saponins Diuretic to

dark combretaceae tannis decrease blood
pressure and
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

heart rate.

3.CARMINATIVE AND GI REGULATORS

COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

Coriander coriandrum Coriandrum sativum Coriandrol, pinene, Flavouring agent,

umbelliferae geraniol, borneol. carminative,
spice.

Fennel Foeniculum Foeniculum vulgare Chief constituents Carminative,

umbelliferae thymol. flavouring agent.

Ajowan Ajwian Trachyspermum Volatile oil contains Carminative,

ammi umbelliferae thymol spice

cardamon Cardamoni Elettaria It contains cineole Carminative,

fructus cardamomum var. and terpinyl acetate flavouring agent.
minuscula
zingiberaceae

Ginger Ginger Zingiber officinale Volatile oil contains Stimulant,

zingiberaceae zaingiberene, carminative,
zingiberol flavouring agent.

Black pepper Piper nigram It contains terpenes Internally as

pepper piperaceae beta-pinene and stimulant
phellanerene

Asafoetida myristica Myristica fragran s Myristicin, elemicin Carminative ,

nutmeg myristicaceae externally in
 COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

rheumatism

cinnamon cinnamon Cinnamomum It contain cinnamic Carminative,

zeylanicum lauraceae aldehyde and flavouring agent
eugenol
phlobatannins

clove caryophyllum Eugenia caryophyllus It contain eugenol Carminative,

myrtaceae vanillin flavouring agent
antiseptic dental
pain

4. ASTRINGNENTS
.

COMMON OFFICAL ACTIVE

SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

Catechu Catechu Acacia catechu Catechin, Astringent, in

/black nigrum leguminosae catechutannic acid diarrhoea
catechu

Pale catechu Gambier Uncaria gambier Catechin, Bleeding of

catechu Rubiaceae catechutannic and gums
gambier fluorescin

5.DRUG ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM

COMMON OFFICAIL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Hyoscymus henbane Hyoscymus niger Hyoscyamine and traces Cerebral and spinal sedative
COMMON OFFICAIL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

solanaceae hyoscine

belladonna Deadly Atropa belladonna Hyoscyamine, hyoscine, Respiratory sedative.

nightshade solanaceae atropine Spasmodytic cough. Externally
as local anaesthetic

Aconite Radix Aconitum napellus Aconitine, picraconitine, Neuralgia,

aconiti renunculaceae aconine, mesaconitine rheumatism(externally)
hypaconitine and neopalline

Ephedra Ma haung Ephedra Ephedrin, pseudoephedrine, Acts on C.N.S as

spp.gnetaceae N-methyl ephedrine and Nor- sympathomimetic
d-ephedriene

Opium Opium Papaver 25 alkaloids morphine, Hypnotic, sedative habit

somniferum codeine, thebaine, forming so not used now a
papaveracea papaverine, narcotine days

Cannabis Indian Cannabis sativa Tetrahydrocannabinol Sedative, in hysteria,

hemp cannabinaceae cannabinol, cannobigerol, spasmodic cough habit
cannabidiol, cannabidiotic forming so not used now a
acid. days

Nax-vomica Semina Strychnos Strychnine, brucine Bitte stomachic, excites the

strychni nuxvomica motor nerves lead to
loeganiaceae convulsions.

6.ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

Raulwolfia Indian Rauwolfia Reserpine ajmaline, Psychotic disorders

COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

snake root serpentine ajamalicine, and as anti

apocyanaceae serpentinine hypertensive
traquillizer

7.ANTITUSSIVES
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Vasaka Adhatoda Adhatoda vasica Vasicine vasicinone Vasicine is abortifacient

acanthaceae vasicinene is bronchodilator

Tolu Balsamum Myroxylon Toluresinotanmol Expectorant flavouring agent

balsam tolutanum balsamum cinnamate and benzoate, in medicinal syrup
leguminosae benzyl cinnamate, bezoic
acid , cinnamic acid, vanillin
etc

Tulsi Secred basil Ocimum sanctum Eugenol, methyl eugenol, Expectorant, aromatic,
labiatae caryophyllin carminative,
antibacterial,antiprotozoal

8.ANTIRHEUMATICS
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

Colchicum Colchici cormus Colchicum Colchicine Pain and

autumnale demecolcine inflammation of acute
liliaceae gout, colchicine is
tumour inhibitory in
nature

guggal Balsamoderdron Commiphora Important Anti inflammatory,

COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

mukul mukal burseraceae constituents are 2- hypo-lipidimic now a

guggulsterone, days tried in diabetes
guggulsterol 1 and and hypertension
2,3.

9.ANTITUMOUR
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

Vinca catharanthus Catharanthus roseus Vincristine, Hodgkin disease,

apocyanaceae vinblastine, choriocarcinoma in
ajmalicine serpentine leukemia

10.ANTILEPROTICS
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Chaulmoogra Hydnocarpus Hydnocarpus , Oil contains acids like antileprotic

oil oil wightiana hydnocarpic acid,
flacourtiaceae chaulmoogric acid

11.ANTIDIABETIC
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

Pterocarpus Kino Pterocarupus Liquiritigenin Hypoglycemic agent

vijayasar marsupium isoliquiritigenin in diabetes, gum is
lehuminosae marsupol useful in dysentery

Gymnema gurmar Gymnema sylvestre Gymnemic acid In diabetes. In

sylvestre asclepiadaceae Ayurveda as
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY CONSTITUENTS

stomachic, stimulant

12.DIURETICS
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY INGREDIENTS

Gokharu Chota Tribulus terrestris Saponins on Drug is diuretic so

gokharu zygophyllaceae hydrolysis yiels usedful in nephritis
diosgenin, and kidney stone gout
gitogenin and painful
ruscogenin micturition

Punarnava hogweed Boerhaavia diffusa Punarnavine urolic Diuretic, anti

nyctaginaceae acid stearic acid inflammatory

13.ANTIDYSENTERIES
COMMON SYNONY OFFICIAL OFFICIAL
USES
NAME M SOURCE/FAMILY SOURCE/FAMILY

Ipecacuanha ipecac Cephailis Emetine, cephaeline. Amoebic

ipecacuanha Psychotrine, ipecoside dysentery
Rubiaceae

14.ANTISEPTIC AND DISINFECTANT

COMMON OFFICAIL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Myrrh myrrha Commiphora Oil contains terpenes Antiseptic,

molmol ester, cuminic disinfectant
burseraceae aldehyde resin mouth wash
contains alpha, beta
COMMON OFFICAIL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

and gyama
commiphoric acids

Benzoin Gum Styrax benzoin Free balsamic acid like Antiseptic,

benzoin styraceae cinnamic acid, benzoic disinfectant,
styraceae acid. expectorant

Nim Neem Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin azadirinin Bitter tonic,

meliaceae azadirone astringent, skin
diseases
insectiside,
pesticide

curcuma Indian Curcuma longa Curcumins like Colouring agent.

saffron zingiberaceae curcumin 1 and 2,3. Antiseptic anti-
Volatile lil contains inflammatory
tumerone and
zingiberone

15. ANTIMALERIAL
COMMON OFFICIAL ACTIVE
SYNONYM USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY INGREDIENTS

Chinchona Peruvian Cinchona species Quinine, Antimalarial, bitter

bark Rubiaceae quinidine, tonic, stomachic.
cinchonine

16.OXITOCICS
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Ergot Rye ergot Claviceps purpurea Water soluble Oxytocic to

 COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

clavicipitaceae ergometrine type. stimulate

Water insoluble uterine muscle
ergotoxine type of to induce
alkaloids delivery

17.VITAMINS

COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

Shark liver Oleum Liver of fish Oil contains vitamin a Nutritive and
oil selachide Hypoprion and glycerides of tonic,
brevirostris saturated and xerophthalmia
braevirodstris unsaturated fatty acids

Amla Embelica Embelica Vitamin c Scurvy,

officinalis antifungal , anti
euphorbiaceae viral

18.ENZYMES
COMMON SYNONY OFFICAL
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME M SOURCE/FAMILY

Papaya papita Carica papaya papain Proteolytic

caricaceae enzyme

diastase diastase Barley grains diastase Starch digesting

graminae enzyme

Yeast Yeast Saccharomyces B-group vitamin namely vitamin

cerevisae aneurine, ribofllavine, supplement
Saccharomycetaceae nicotine, pyridoxine,
COMMON SYNONY OFFICAL
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME M SOURCE/FAMILY

pantothenic acid.

Asafoetida asafetida Ferula foetida Oil contains organic Antispasmodic

umbelleferae disulphide resin contain laxative
asaresinol ferulate,free
ferulic acid

19.PERFUMES AND FLAVOURING AGENT

COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMIKLY

Peppermint Mentha Mentha piperita It contains free Flavouring agent in

oil piperita oil labiatae menthol, perfumey,
menthofuran, aromatic,
jasmine, ester of carminative,
menthol, piperine, counter-irritant,
piperitone carminative.

Lemon oil Oil limonis Citrus limon Oil contains citral, Aromatic,
Rutaceae geranyl and linanyl carminative,
acetate flavouring agent.

Orange oil Oil Citrus sinensis Oil contains limonine Flavouring agent in
aurantia Rutaceae elixits aromatic

Lemon Indian Cymbopogan Oil contains terpene Alpha-inones is

grass oil melissa citratus graminae aldehyde citral made from citral is
important
flavouring agent.

Sandal Sandal Santalum album Oil contains free Used in cosmetics,

wood wood santalaceae alcohols, alpha and perfumer,
beta santols, alpha medicinally as a
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMIKLY

and beta santalenes, stimulate.

santalone and
santenone.

20.MISCELLANEOUS
COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

liquorice Glycyrrhiza Glycyrrhiza glabra Glycyrrhizin which Expectorant, demulscent,

leguminosae yields glycyrrhetinic laxative, antipeptic ulcer.
acid it also contains
chalcone glycoside
isoliquiritin

Garlic Lehsun Allium sativum It contains allicin allin Antibacterial, GIT,

liliaceae and a polysulphide stimulant

picrorhiza `kutki Picrorhiza kurroa Irodoid type of Bitter tonic, liver

scrophulariaceae glycosides consist of disorders, in jaundice
picrorrhizia picroride
A and kutkoside

Diescorea Yams Dioscorea deltoida Diosgenin mainly Precursor for making

steridal dioscoreaceae traces of heccogenin steroidal drugs, in
Ayurveda as fish and lice
poision.

Linseed Flax seed Linum Oil contains Demulscent, laxative,

usitatissimum unsaturated acids externally in poultices
Linaceae cyanogenetic
glycosides, linamarin.

shatavari atavari Asparagus Saponin A4, A5, A6 Diuretic, aphrodiasic,

 COMMON OFFICIAL
SYNONYM ACTIVE INGREDIENTS USES
NAME SOURCE/FAMILY

racemosus and A8 sarasapo- nutritive, tonic

Liliaceae genin from hydrolysis
of A4 saponin.

Shankhu shankhapushpi Evolvulus alsinoides betain Bitter tonic, antihelmintic

Pushpi convolvulaceae Evolvine Nervine tonic, nervous

debility

Pyrethrum Insect flower Chrysanthemum Terpenes, Pyrethrin 1 and 2

cinerarifolium Cinerin 1 and 2 insetiside against flies,
compositae Jasmolin 1 and 2 insects,mosquitoes.

tobacco Tambaku Nicotiana tobacum Nicotine, Nor- Insectiscide, fish poison

Solanaceae nicotine, anabasine, narcotic, sedative, emetic
nicoteine