WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
“SEXUAL HARASSMENT AMONG GRADE 12 STEM
STUDENTS IN WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
IN RELATION TO THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE”
__________________
A Research paper Presented to the Faculty
Of the Junior High School Program
Wesleyan University—Philippines
Cabanatuan City
__________________
In Partial Fulfilment
Of English 10
__________________
By
LORENZ ALEXIS A. LAGASCA
ANTHONY ROSS F. CURA
MARIS REV V. IRANGAN
IZZY TIFFANIE D. RIVERA
RALPH JEROME T. YU
2019
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
CERTIFICATION
This research paper entitled, “SEXUAL HARASSMENT AMONG GRADE
12 STEM STUDENTS IN WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY—PHILIPPINES IN RELATION
TO THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE,” prepared and submitted by Lorenz
Alexis A. Lagasca, Ralph Jerome T. Yu, Izzy Tiffanie D. Rivera,
Anthony Ross F. Cura, and Maris Rev V. Irangan in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the English 10, has been
examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral
Examination.
LYNDON JOHN S. DE LEON, LPT
Research Adviser
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
APPROVAL SHEET
Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS on Oral Examination with
the grade of _____.
LYNDON JOHN S. DE LEON, LPT
Research Adviser
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for English 10.
EDUARDO K. DE GUZMAN, LPT, MAIE TITA C. AGSUNOD, LPT, PhD
Date:
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
God
We thank our almighty father for His shower of blessings
and guidance throughout our research work. We thank him for
his unconditional love whom he give us every second of
everyday and for his protection that shields us away from
every evil and danger that life brings out on us. We also
appreciate all of the hope and blessings that he bestowed
upon us that served as the way for this research to be
carried out successfully.
Ph.D. Tita C. Agsunod
This project would not be possible without the presence and
approval of our institutions High School Principal. We express
our deepest gratitude.
Mr. Lyndon John S. De Leon
We deeply appreciate and would like to thank the effort and
hard work of our teacher on teaching us about how to do this
research and for acknowledgement of his approval on this
research. He served as a vital ingredient in the completion of
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this research and we are truly grateful for all of the patience
and effort he placed in teaching us.
Mrs Jessica C. Santos
We thank her for her utmost care and who have been very
supportive of our career goals and who worked actively to provide
us all with the academic time to pursue those goals.
Family
We would like to thank our family whom we are very grateful
for their heartfelt love, prayers, care and sacrifices for
educating and preparing us for our future, and guidance in
whatever we all pursue. They are the ultimate role models whom we
are glad to be with us in this journey.
Classmates
We would like to send our appreciation and gratitude towards
our classmates whom we have grown close to over the years for
their support and also to the ones who served as our inspirations
in carrying out this research for giving us the strength and hope
to strive and work hard.
Wesleyan University—Philippines
We also thank the second home who provided us with the
facilities and apparatus to develop our knowledge and also all of
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the staff and people who served the purpose of giving us the
resources to carry out our dreams and also of this research.
The Researchers
We deeply appreciate the support and the hard work of
everyone in the group who sacrificed their time and energy just
to fulfil their dreams and to finish this project. This research
would not have been completed if not for their unbreakable will
to work hard and the hope that we would all be successful at the
end of the day.
The Researcher
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DEDICATION
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved
parents, for being very understanding, for being our source of
inspiration, for giving us strength when we thought of giving up,
and for continually providing their moral, spiritual, emotional,
and financial support.
To our classmate and friends, who shared their words of
advice and encouragement to finish this study
To our subject adviser Sir Lyndon John S. De Leon, who
shared his knowledge and _______________________________________
And lastly, to God Almighty my creator, my strong pillar,
our source of inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding.
He has been the source of our strength throughout their program
and on His wings only have we soared.
Thank you. Our love for you all can never be quantified. God
bless you
For you
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title page..............................................i
Certification...........................................ii
Approval Sheet..........................................iii
Acknowledgment..........................................iv
Dedication...............................................v
Abstract...............................................viii
Chapter
I. THE PROBLEM
Introduction ....................................1
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Background of the Study .........................3
Statement of the Problem ........................6
Hypotheses ......................................6
Significance of the Study .......................7
Theoretical Framework ...........................8
Conceptual Framework ............................8
Scope and Limitation of the Study ...............9
Definition of Terms .............................9
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature ..............................11
Local Literature ................................12
Foreign Studies .................................13
Local Studies ...................................14
Synthesis .......................................15
III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design .................................
Respondent of the Study .........................
Research Local ..................................
Instrumentation .................................
Data Gathering Procedure ........................
Statistical Treatment of Data ...................
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PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF CHARACTERS
A. Overview of the literary piece ...............
B. Summary ......................................
C. Analysis’ Side Notes .........................
Characters in Focus
_____________________________
SUMMARY, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ........................................
Implications ...................................
Recommendations ................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................
APPENDICES ..................................................
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................
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INTRODUCTION
Sexual harassment is form of abuse wherein the sexual
nature interests of a person is being harmed. Either
physically or verbally, this act offensive behaviour
became a serious problem for students at all educational
levels and also as a global virus. Most often very
intimidating and humiliating, students in elementary and
secondary schools, as well as vocational schools,
apprenticeship programs, colleges and universities can be
victims of sexual harassment. This problem is more common
than you might think because many students are scared or
too embarrassed to report sexual harassment cases. It’s
victims includes both men and women as priority targets
of discrimination that may occur at no chosen time and
place. It is different from flirting, playing around, or
other types of behaviour that you enjoy or welcome.
Sexual harassment can be requests for sexual favours or
unwelcome sexual behaviour that is bad enough or happens
often enough to make you feel uncomfortable, scared or
confused and that interferes with your schoolwork or your
ability to participate in extracurricular activities or attend
classes.
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There are three primary types of sexual harassment found in
schools: verbal, visual/non-verbal, and physical. The most common
type of verbal, followed by physical, and visual/non-verbal.
Simply put, sexual harassment promotes fear, and gives
people another reason to be on the edge when out. It is
a form of discrimination that violates Republic Act 7877
(Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995).
The researchers headed to this study because the
researchers had gathered and have read different studies
about sexual harassment that made them motivated to
conduct their own research about how sexual harassment
affects academic performance. The researchers want to pursue
this study because the researchers want to spread
awareness especially to the government of the Philippines
so they can widely spread it to the public. The
researchers want to inform people that sexual harassment
can give a negative impact to a person’s psychological
well-being. The person can be more conscious about their
body that leads to a self-objectification because as they
experience this; they can be anxious about how their
bodies are evaluated by strangers. As a result,
objectification can affect a person’s mental state and by
that it can also affect their daily life.
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On the other hand, sexual harassment was associated with
body image, behaviour and more importantly self-esteem which have
emotional effects on people who experienced harassment. Self-
esteem is a person’s overall evaluation of self-worth.
The researchers were also motivated to do this because many
Filipino people are experiencing this issue nowadays. The
researchers saw people accusing everyone of experiencing sexual
harassment so the researchers wanted to end that debate. And
lastly the researchers wanted to promote safety and awareness for
everyone.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The definition of sexual harassment includes harassment by
both peers and individuals in a position of power relative to the
person being harassed. In schools, though sexual harassment
initiated by students is most common, it can also be perpetrated
by teachers or other school employees, and the victim can be a
student, a teacher, or other school employee. While sexual
harassment is legally defined as "unwanted" behaviour, it has
been argued that even consensual sexual interactions between
students and teachers constitute harassment because the inherent
power differential creates a dynamic in which "mutual consent" is
impossible. One of the most common reasons reported for sexually
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harassing behaviour is because the harasser thinks it is funny to
do so. In their 2006 study, the AAUW found that this was the most
common rationale for harassment by boys—59 percent used it. Less
than one-fifth (17%) of those boys who admitted to harassing
others say they did so because they wanted a date with the
person. (AAUW, 2006) Other researchers assert that the "I thought
it was funny" rationale is a fallacy, and the true reasons align
more with that of a need to assert power and induce fear in
others—more in line with bullying. These hazing behaviours
develop in school, continue in high school and college,
eventually moving into the workplace. (Boland, 2002) In late
2006/early 2007 a study revealed that more than 20% of all boys
had been harassed by a female student. In 15% of all cases the
girl admitted to sexually harassing the boy and asserted the
reasons of "I thought it was funny" and "I'm not doing any harm,
it's what he wanted". High schools are addressing this behaviour.
The AAUW also found that sexual harassment affects academics and
achievement: Students experience a wide range of effects from
sexual harassment that impact their academic development
including: have trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, decreased
participation in class, avoid a study group, think about changing
schools, change schools, avoid the library, change major, not
gone to a professor/ teaching assistant's office hours. Students
may experience multiple effects or just one. The wide range of
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experiences lowers the percentage of students who experience any
particular effect. Studies have shown that if the sexual
harassment was done by a male, both male and female victims
experienced behavioural problems, in contrast to if the female
was the perpetrator, where the behavioural problems occurred
less. Being absent from school frequently, having difficulties
concentrating on school work, and performing poorly on academic
work often result. In a 2011 nationwide survey conducted by the
AAUW of 7th-12th grade students, 32% of students who had
experienced sexual harassment did not want to return to school
after it occurred. This included 37% of female students and 25%
of male students. 31% of the surveyed students felt physically
sick after being sexually harassed, with 37% of females and 21%
of males reporting this effect. 30% of students had difficulties
studying and focusing on school as a result of sexual harassment
including 34% of females and 24% of males, and 19% of students
reported having a difficult time sleeping due to sexual
harassment, including 22% of females and 14% of males. Other
effects include getting into trouble at school, changing the
route in which one gets to and from school, and stopping doing
activities and sports. In a study conducted by the AAUW in 2011,
of 7th to 12th grade students, only 12% of the surveyed students
felt that their school did enough to address sexual harassment.
AN ACT TO ELIMINATE ALL FORMS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORK
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PLACES, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, AND PUBLIC PLACES, AND
PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR, REPEALING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 7877, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT
OF 1995.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to know the impact of Sexual Harassment to
the educational performance of Grade 12 STEM students in Wesleyan
University—Philippines.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Academic Performance
d. ____________
2. What were the respondent’s academic performance before and
after the experience?
3. How often do the respondents experience sexual harassment?
4. What form of sexual harassment do the respondents experience
the most?
HYPOTHESES
The researchers formulated hypotheses of the possible
outcomes of the experiment:
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HO: There is a direct relation between a student’s self-
esteem and their academic performance
HO: There is a direct relation between a student’s confidence
and their academic performance
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be beneficial to the following:
Students. To be informed and spread an awareness of sexual
harassment.
Parents. They will have enough knowledge about sexual harassment
and to educate and guide their children more effectively.
Women. To help them to understand what sexual harassment is and
spread awareness so that they can avoid experiencing such an
event like that and also to inform them for the possible impacts
on them
Men. ____________________________________________________________
Counsellors: To help them to have additional information when
handling cases about sexual harassment and give them an updated
study about it/
Government. To inform them that sexual harassment in our country
is an important matter that needs (special) attention from them
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and by that they can provide acts and laws for protecting the
people from sexual harassment.
Future Researcher._______________________________________________
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Sexual harassment at school and health outcomes were
reciprocally related more often for men than for women. Perhaps
there is less awareness of sexual harassment as a problem for men
at school compared to women, leading to an environment where the
causes and effects of sexual harassment are not well known or
addressed. Indeed, much of the media attention surrounding the
problem of sexual crimes and harassment on college campuses is
focused on women. In research on middle school students, boys
were more likely to have experienced gender harassment from other
boys rather than girls or adults (Bucchianeri, Eisenberg, Wall,
Piran, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2014). If this pattern is continued
into the college years, perhaps the those who display mental
health symptoms are harassed more often for violating gender
norms (e.g., appearing less masculine or manly), leading to
increased feelings and psychological distress. It is clear that
future research is needed to pinpoint the perceptions of SH in
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various contexts and understanding the wide array of potential
consequences and antecedents. Although a great deal of attention
is now focused prevalence and prevention of sexual assault on
campus, sexual harassment (defined as “unwanted sex-related
behaviour…that is appraised by the recipient as offensive,
exceeding her resources, or threatening her well-being”
(Fitzgerald, Swan, & Magley, 1997,) remains an even more
prevalent issue on college campuses, however research on SH in
college settings has waned since the late 1990s. Over a decade
ago, the most comprehensive study of its type that included both
women and men undergraduates found that up to 62% of women and
61% of men experienced one or more forms of sexual harassment
while in college, with 41% and 36% of all women and men,
respectively, reporting SH experiences in the first year of
school (Hill & Silva, 2005). Moreover, many studies with adults
have documented the negative consequences of SH in terms of
professional, personal and educational functioning (see Hill &
Kearl, 2011; Pina, Gannon, & Saunders, 2009). Among adolescents,
some of the consequences of SH at school included staying home
from school, quitting activities, trouble studying, and trouble
sleeping (Hill & Kearl, 2011) whereas adolescents who were
sexually harassed at work also had significantly higher levels of
school avoidance and academic withdrawal compared to other
employed teenagers (Fineran & Gruber, 2009). Thus, it is likely
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that SH among college students would have similar negative
consequences.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The Academic
Performance of the
student
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Socio - Demographic Sexual Harassment
Profile (S.D.P) occurring among
Grade 12 STEM
- Age Students of
Wesleyan University
- Gender
Philipines
- Birthdate
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
This study was
limited by the impact of the sexual harassment to the educational
performance and the researchers selected the participants in WUP.
The participants were the Grade 12 STEM students enrolled during
school year 2018-2019. This study focused on the impact of sexual
harassment to a student’s educational performance. The study
asked for the socio demographic profile of the respondents to
correctly identify if what is the real factors that affect sexual
harassment. The researchers look for the significant relationship
of the socio demographic performance towards sexual harassment
and educational performance. In addition, the researchers also
asked for respondent’s grades before and after the experience to
accurately know the impact of sexual harassment in to student’s
educational performance.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Sexual harassment-
Academic Performance-
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CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH
LOCAL LITERATURE:
Sexual harassment is any unwanted sexual attention. It can
be manifested by verbal, physical and non-verbal/visual. It can
be done by a person of either sex. Person who are harassed may
suffer a loss of self-esteem, especially in the absence of
supportive environment. And also the public should be concerned
more about the issue because it violates the dignity of the
person against whom it is directed. Most unions tend to view the
problem as personal matter between the harassment and the victim.
The Sexual harassment violates Section 3 of republic act 7877, or
the “Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”. In the Philippines, 58%
of incidents of sexual harassment happen on the streets, major
roads, and alleys. Republic Act 7877 penalizes sexual harassment
with 1-6 months and a fine of P10,000 - P20,000 or both
FOREIGN LITERATURE
(1) A student experiencing sexual harassment may stop doing
their school work and taking part in school-related
activities. Educators can prevent cases of sexual harassment
by having a clear, comprehensive anti-sexual harassment policy
in place. Education providers should monitor their
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environments regularly to make sure they are free of sexually
harassing behaviours. (2) Anyone can experience sexual
harassment, regardless of gender or sexuality; the unwanted
conduct could be from someone of the same or different sex.
Sexual harassment commonly involves a pattern or inappropriate
behaviour, repeated by someone in a workplace that the victim
has asked to stop but sometimes continue anyway. (3) The risk
of sexual assault for women studying abroad appears to be
three to five times higher than women studying in our own
country. Since many study abroad programs are located in major
cities around the world. Females studying abroad are also more
likely to encounter non-residents in large numbers which
increases the risk of being assaulted.
LOCAL STUDIES
(1) Amidst all the noise surrounding a busy city, men and
women alike are subject to sexual harassment. (2) WALA PA PAR (3)
Through symbolic interactionism and gender-power configuration
theories, defining features of sexual harassment from the
perspectives of 160 teacher education students
FOREIGN STUDIES
(1) The data generated from this study indicated that students
holds a diverse range of understanding sexual harassment. It was
also found that sexual harassment was prevalent on campus. Men
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were found to be the main perpetrators of sexual harassment while
victims were both men and women. (2) This chapter reviews the
information gathered through decades of sexual harassment
research. This chapter also examines the research methods for
studying sexual harassment and appropriate methods for conducting
research in a reliable way. And it provides definition of key
forms that will be used through-out the report. (3) Sexual
harassment in the workplace continues to be experienced by many
women around the world. Men may also be sexually harassed in the
workplace by women or other men
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used _____________________ approach with
standardized questionnaire as a tool for dat gathering.
RESEARCH LOCALE
The study was conducted within the Senior high School
program, High School Department, Weslean University-Philippines,
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The researchers used compulsory
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surveyed stdents room to room and surveyed them wether they
wanted to or not.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents that became part of the study were teenagers
of age ranging from eighteen to twenty years. The researcher went
from room to room to survet the students wether or not they
experienced sexual harassment. This is to avoid singling-out a
victim and making sure it won’t affect wether they would or would
not be telling the truth. This process was repeated until the
researchers obtained data from a sufficient number of
respondents.
INSTRUMENTATION
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
CHAPTER 7:
CURRICULUM VITAE
LORENZ ALEXIS A. LAGASCA
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
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PERSONAL BACKGROUND _____________________________________________
Birth date: September 19, 2002
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Civil Status: Single
Place of birth: Cabanatuan City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Parents: Mellany Alvarez Lagasca
Felix Mamerto Ramirez Lagasca
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT___________________________________________
(PRIMARY)
United International Private School
Al Qusais, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
S.Y. 2008 – 2014
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
(SECONDARY)
United International Private School
Al Qusais, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
S.Y. 2014 – 2017
Wesleyan University, Philippines
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
S.Y. 2018 - 2019
CURRICULUM VITAE
ANTHONY ROSS CURA
PERSONAL BACKGROUND ____________________________________________
Birth date: January 9, 2003
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Civil Status: Single
Place of birth: Tanay, Rizal, Cordillera, Philippines
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
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Parents: Antonio F. Cura
Rosita G. Fajardo
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT__________________________________________
(PRIMARY)
Umangan Elementary School
Umangan,Aliaga,Nueva Ecija
S.Y 2009 - 2015
(SECONDARY)
Wesleyan University, Philippines
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
S.Y. 2015 - 2019
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
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CURRICULUM VITAE
MARIS REV V. IRANGAN
PERSONAL BACKGROUND ____________________________________________
Birth Date: August 21, 2003
Age: 15 years old
Gender: Male
Civil Status: Single
Place of birth: Bitas, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Religion: Born Again
Citizenship: Filipino
Parents: Samuel Q. Irangan
Ma. Theresa V. Irangan
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT__________________________________________
(PRIMARY)
Umangan Elementary School
Umangan,Aliaga,Nueva Ecija
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
S.Y 2009 - 2015
(SECONDARY)
Wesleyan University, Philippines
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
S.Y. 2015 - 2019
CURRICULUM VITAE
IZZY TIFANNIE D. RIVERA
PERSONAL BACKGROUND ____________________________________________
Birth Date: December 21, 2002
Age: 16 years old
Gender: Female
Civil Status: Single
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
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Place of birth: (PGJ), Cabanatuan Ciy, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Parents: Ronald V. Rivera
Lourdes D. Rivera
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT__________________________________________
(PRIMARY)
Dona Adela School for Children Inc.
Dona Adela, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija Philippines
S.Y 2009 – 2015
(SECONDARY)
Wesleyan University, Philippines
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
S.Y. 2015 - 2019
CURRICULUM VITAE
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
RALPH JEROME T. YU
PERSONAL BACKGROUND ____________________________________________
Age: 17
Gender: Male
Civil Status: Single
Place of birth: Dingalan National Hospital, Dingalan Aurora,
Philippines
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC)
Citizenship: Filipino
Parents: Jenson P. Yu
Ruby Rose T. Yu
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT__________________________________________
(PRIMARY)
Sunrise Kidcare Academy
Poblacion, Dingalan, Aurora, Philippines
S.Y 2009 - 2015
(SECONDARY)
Wesleyan University, Philippines
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
S.Y. 2015 - 2019